Vertical injection combined type fuel oil atomization device and combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aviation gas turbine engine combustion chamber design, and particularly relates to a vertical injection combined type fuel oil atomization device and a combustion chamber. The flame tube is positioned in the combustion chamber casing; one end of the fuel oil atomization device is fixed on the wall surface of the combustion chamber casing, the other end of the fuel oil atomization device extends into the flame tube from the wall surface of the flame tube, and the axis of the fuel oil atomization device is perpendicular to the axis of the flame tube; the fuel nozzle extends into the flame tube from the head of the flame tube and sprays fuel; the fuel oil atomization device comprises a heat insulation sheath and a spray rod assembly sleeved with the heat insulation sheath, the spray rod assembly and the heat insulation sheath form an air ring cavity, the side wall of the heat insulation sheath is provided with an air inlet hole enabling air in a combustion chamber casing to enter the air ring cavity, and the outlet end face of the spray rod assembly is provided with an annular tangential hole enabling air in the air ring cavity to be exhausted. And fuel oil sprayed into the flame tube by the spray rod assembly is atomized by air discharged from the annular tangential hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of aviation gas turbine engine combustion chamber design, and in particular relates to a vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and a combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] The combustion chamber of the current aviation gas turbine engine generally adopts a short annular flame tube. The atomization device at the head of the flame tube is mainly a combination of a pressure atomizing nozzle or an air atomizing nozzle and a single-stage or multi-stage swirler. The atomizing device is mainly used for flame stabilization and forming a combustion zone. With the continuous advancement of aviation engine technology, the oil-gas ratio of the high-temperature rise combustion chamber has gradually increased. More fuel needs to be efficiently burned in the head area of ​​the flame tube. In order to avoid problems such as reduced combustion efficiency, exhaust smoke, and deterioration of the outlet temperature field in the combustion chamber under large working conditions, the air volume at the head of the combustion chamber has been continuously increased, which leads to ignition difficulties in the combustion chamber and flameout problems when the engine is urgently closed. If the fuel injection device continues to use the previous head spray arrangement method, it will be difficult to coordinate the above problems. It is necessary to set a composite fuel injection device that can achieve excellent atomization on the wall to assist in solving the ignition and flameout problems caused by high temperature rise.

[0003] In the existing technical solutions, the combustion chamber fuel injection device is generally arranged in the swirl device area of ​​the combustion chamber flame tube head. It is composed of a fuel nozzle, a swirler, a transition section, a flame tube wall, etc. The swirler is used to generate a reflow zone in the flame tube to ensure stable and efficient combustion. The fuel is supplied to the flame tube through the fuel nozzle at the flame tube head, and atomization is achieved through the pressure difference at the fuel nozzle nozzle and the shearing effect of the main and auxiliary swirler airflows.

[0004] As the oil-to-gas ratio of advanced high-temperature combustion chambers gradually increases, in order to avoid problems such as reduced combustion efficiency, exhaust smoke, and deterioration of the outlet temperature field in the combustion chamber under large operating conditions, the air volume at the combustion chamber head continues to increase, which makes the combustion chamber prone to ignition difficulties and flameout problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and a combustion chamber, comprising:

[0006] Combustion chamber casing;

[0007] The flame tube is located in the combustion chamber casing;

[0008] and a fuel atomizing device having one end fixed on the wall of the combustion chamber casing and the other end extending from the wall of the flame tube into the interior of the flame tube, wherein the axis of the fuel atomizing device is perpendicular to the axis of the flame tube;

[0009] The fuel nozzle extends from the flame tube head into the flame tube and sprays the fuel;

[0010] Among them, the fuel atomization device includes a heat-insulating sleeve and a spray rod assembly sleeved in the heat-insulating sleeve, the spray rod assembly and the heat-insulating sleeve form an air ring cavity, the side wall of the heat-insulating sleeve has an air inlet hole for allowing air in the combustion chamber casing to enter the air ring cavity, and the outlet end face of the spray rod assembly has an annular tangential hole for discharging air from the gas air ring cavity, and the air discharged from the annular tangential hole atomizes the fuel sprayed into the flame tube by the spray rod assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the spray rod assembly includes a rod body, a transfer tube, a swirler 7, a nozzle, and an air inlet cap; the rod body has an oil circuit inside, the outlet end of the oil circuit is equipped with a nozzle, the outlet end of the nozzle is a cone, the end of the cone has an oil outlet for spraying fuel in a conical surface, the air inlet cap is a cylinder sleeved between the nozzle and the heat insulation sleeve, and its end face has a conical hole sleeved on the nozzle cone, the cone surface, the inner wall of the end face of the air inlet cap and the inner wall of the cylinder of the air inlet cap form an air cavity, the conical hole and the cone form a seal, the air cavity has an air inlet connected to the air ring cavity, and the annular tangential hole discharges the air in the air cavity.

[0012] Preferably, there is a cylindrical installation space in the nozzle, and the installation space is covered with a swirler for swirling the fuel. The outlet of the installation space is installed with a transfer tube through a stopper, and the transfer tube fixes the swirler. The end face of the transfer tube abuts against the step surface formed on the oil path of the rod body, and the side wall of the nozzle radially protrudes outward to form a stopper, which is connected with the end face of the rod body.

[0013] Preferably, an oil filter is provided at the inlet of the rod body oil circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the diameter of the annular tangential holes is between 0.6 and 1.2, the annular tangential angle is between 40 and 60 degrees, and the number of holes is 12 to 16.

[0015] Preferably, the air inlet hole of the heat insulation jacket faces the flame tube head.

[0016] Preferably, the edge of the end surface of the heat-insulating jacket has a plurality of cooling holes distributed circumferentially, and the cooling holes blow out the air in the air ring cavity for cooling.

[0017] Preferably, the angle between the cooling hole and the central axis is between 35-50 degrees, the hole diameter is between 0.8-1.5, and the number of holes is 8-12.

[0018] Preferably, the cyclone is a centrifugal cyclone, the spray cone angle of which is 80-100 degrees, and the oil outlet of the nozzle has a divergence angle.

[0019] Preferably, the air inlet holes of the heat insulating sheath are racetrack shaped.

[0020] The advantages of the present application include: by arranging a wall injection nozzle on the wall of the flame tube, this spray device can use the air in the two cavities of the combustion chamber to better atomize the fine atomized fuel, and at the same time, the fuel can be directly supplied to the recirculation area outside the flame tube through the wall injection nozzle, thereby increasing the local fuel concentration in the outer recirculation area and forming a local oil-rich combustion area, thereby improving combustion stability, reducing the risk of flameout in the combustion chamber, improving the ignition performance of the combustion chamber, and increasing the ignition success rate of the combustion chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a combustion chamber of the present application with a vertically-injected composite fuel atomization device mounted on a wall.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the composite fuel atomization device of the present application.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal flow path structure of the composite fuel atomization device of the present application.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the head end surface structure of the composite fuel atomization device of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be further described in detail in detail and in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only partial embodiments of the present application, which are only used to explain the present application, not to limit the present application. It should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the parts related to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, and other related parts can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0026] In addition, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the words "installed", "connected", "connected" and similar terms used in the description of this application should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal connection of two components. Technical personnel in the field can understand their specific meanings in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a combustion chamber comprises:

[0028] Combustion chamber casing 14;

[0029] A flame tube 13 located in the combustion chamber casing 14;

[0030] and a fuel atomizing device 11 having one end fixed on the wall of the combustion chamber casing 14 and the other end extending from the wall of the flame tube 13 into the interior of the flame tube 13, wherein the axis of the fuel atomizing device 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the flame tube 13;

[0031] The fuel nozzle 12 extends from the head of the flame tube 13 into the flame tube and sprays fuel; the fuel nozzle device 12 is connected to the combustion chamber casing 14, and the central axis and the wall of the flame tube 13 penetrate into the flame tube vertically. The fuel atomization device 11 is provided with a runway-shaped or tangential air inlet hole, and is connected to the casing by bolts. The combustion chamber flow 100 is divided into air 101 and air 102. The air 101 is located between the combustion chamber casing 14 and the flame tube 13. A part of the air 101 enters the internal cavity of the nozzle through the air inlet hole of the heat insulation sleeve, and the air 102 enters the flame tube through the wall. The fuel 51 enters the fuel nozzle 12 through the oil inlet interface, and is accelerated by the swirler to rotate, and is mixed with the swirling air around the nozzle at the nozzle position, and is sheared and atomized by the air and sprayed out. The formed conical liquid mist enters the internal area of ​​the flame tube by air shear. The fuel 52 enters the fuel atomization device 11, and sprays out after swirling in the swirler.

[0032] The pneumatic composite fuel nozzle for realizing efficient fuel atomization by spraying from the wall of the flame tube mainly comprises a heat-insulating jacket 1, a rod body 2, an air inlet cap 3, a gasket 4, an oil filter 5, a transfer tube 6, a swirler 7, a nozzle 8, and a gasket 9. The specific implementation structure is a fuel atomization device with an oil and gas partitioning channel, mainly comprising a heat-insulating jacket 1, which is a hollow cylinder with a bolt mounting edge on its end face, and a tangential small hole with uniform distribution on the other end, and a runway-shaped air inlet hole is provided on the cylindrical surface on one side of the hole, and the air inlet hole is perpendicular to the central axis of the cylinder; the heat-insulating jacket 1 is connected to the rod body 2 by bolts on the mounting seat, and is provided with a metal sealing gasket, and the rod body 2 has a threaded nozzle at one end, a cylindrical mounting seat in the middle, and a hollow structure with a positioning hole at the other end; a step hole is provided at one end of the rod body oil inlet, and a cylindrical oil filter 5 is provided inside the step hole for filtering the imported fuel, and the fuel enters the transfer tube 6 along the internal long hole after passing through the oil filter 5. The nozzle 8 is a cylindrical structure with an inner hole, one end of which is a conical surface, and a step surface is provided inside. The cyclone 7 is installed inside the nozzle 8 and pressed against the inner end face of the nozzle 8. The cyclone 7 is provided with an oil inlet hole and a tangential groove. The other end face of the cyclone is pressed against the end face of the adapter tube 6. The adapter tube 6 is a cylinder with a step, and an oil inlet hole is provided inside. The step of the adapter tube is pressed against the end face of the nozzle 8 and welded. The nozzle 8, the cyclone 7, and the adapter tube 6 are welded together. One end of the adapter tube 6 is pressed against the step position of the inner positioning hole of the rod body 2. The outer end face of the nozzle is pressed by the air inlet cap 3. A gasket 4 is provided between the nozzle and the rod body. After pressing, the air inlet cap 3 is welded to the outer circle of the rod body for positioning. The air inlet cap is a cylindrical structure with an inner annular channel. The end of the annular channel is provided with a step. The step and the outlet end face are contracting conical channels. A tangential hole is provided at one end of the outer cylinder of the air inlet cap near the inner conical surface, and a plurality of evenly distributed annular tangential holes are provided on the outlet end face.

[0033] The spray device is a conical structure with annular air atomization, which is installed on the wall of the flame tube and mainly includes a central fuel cone area, an outer ring atomization area, and an end face cooling area. The fuel 52 enters the internal channel from the nozzle of the rod body, passes through the oil inlet hole of the swirler to the swirl groove, and is atomized and sprayed out of a conical liquid film 70 through the nozzle after high-speed rotation. The conical liquid film is sprayed into the flame tube. The air 101 in the two cavities of the combustion chamber enters the inside of the insulation jacket through the side air inlet hole of the insulation jacket, and flows outside the rod body and in the annular channel of the insulation jacket. The air 101 and air 40 are divided into two parts. The first part of the air forms airflow 60 and airflow 30 respectively, and then enters the end face tangential hole of the air intake cap through the tangential hole on the air intake cap and rotates out to form airflow 30. The other part is sprayed out through the oblique hole on the end face of the insulation jacket to form airflow 20.

[0034] The main structural parameters described in this patent include:

[0035] The fuel injection device has an external heat-insulating jacket with an auxiliary air inlet hole, the direction of which is the same as the air inlet direction of the flame tube and the casing cavity, and is in the direction of the air flow. The angle between the hole and the nozzle housing is 90 degrees, the hole shape is a runway shape, and the long side of the hole is 2-3 times the short side.

[0036] The fuel injection device has a nozzle outlet end face with an annular tangential hole on the outer ring of the nozzle, the hole diameter is between 0.6-1.2, the annular tangential angle is between 40-60 degrees (45 degrees in an example), and the number of holes is 12-16.

[0037] The fuel injection device has an outermost ring of cooling holes evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the nozzle outlet end surface, the included angle between the cooling holes and the central axis is between 35-50, the hole diameter is between 0.8-1.5, and the number of holes is between 8-12.

[0038] The composite fuel nozzle for achieving efficient fuel atomization by spraying from the wall of the flame tube should not have a flow rate that is too large, and the ratio of the flow rate of the composite fuel nozzle to the flow rate of the nozzle at the head of the flame tube is between 22 and 43.

[0039] The cyclone at the front end of the interior is a centrifugal cyclone, the spray cone angle of which is 80-100 degrees, and the outlet end face has a divergence angle (the divergence angle is 90 degrees in the embodiment).

[0040] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber, characterized in that: include: Combustion chamber casing (14); A flame tube (13) located in the combustion chamber casing (14); and a fuel atomizing device (11) having one end fixed on the wall of the combustion chamber casing (14) and the other end extending from the wall of the flame tube (13) into the interior of the flame tube (13), wherein the axis of the fuel atomizing device (11) is perpendicular to the axis of the flame tube (13); A fuel nozzle (12) extends from the head of the flame tube (13) into the flame tube and sprays fuel; The fuel atomization device (11) comprises a heat-insulating jacket (1) and a spray rod assembly sleeved in the heat-insulating jacket (1); the spray rod assembly and the heat-insulating jacket (1) form an air ring cavity; the side wall of the heat-insulating jacket (1) has an air inlet hole for allowing air in the combustion chamber casing (14) to enter the air ring cavity; the outlet end face of the spray rod assembly has an annular tangential hole for allowing air in the gas air ring cavity to be discharged; the air discharged from the annular tangential hole atomizes the fuel sprayed into the flame tube (13) by the spray rod assembly.

2. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray rod assembly comprises a rod body (2), a transfer tube (6), a swirler 7, a nozzle (8), and an air inlet cap (3); the rod body (2) has an oil circuit inside, the outlet end of the oil circuit is provided with a nozzle (8), the outlet end of the nozzle (8) is a cone, the end of the cone has an oil outlet for spraying fuel in a cone surface, the air inlet cap (3) is a cylinder sleeved between the nozzle (8) and the heat insulation jacket (1), the end face of the cylinder has a conical hole sleeved on the nozzle (8) cone, the surface of the cone, the inner wall of the end face of the air inlet cap (3) and the inner wall of the cylinder of the air inlet cap (3) form an air cavity, the conical hole and the cone form a seal, the air cavity has an air inlet connected to the air ring cavity, and the annular tangential hole discharges the air in the air cavity.

3. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle (8) has a cylindrical installation space inside, and a swirler (7) for swirling the fuel is sleeved in the installation space. The outlet of the installation space is fitted with a transfer tube (6) through a stopper, and the transfer tube (6) fixes the swirler (7). The end face of the transfer tube (6) abuts against a step surface formed on the oil path of the rod body (2), and the side wall of the nozzle (8) protrudes radially outward to form a stopper, which is fitted and connected with the end face of the rod body (2).

4. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that: An oil filter (5) is provided at the inlet of the oil circuit of the rod body (2).

5. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the annular tangential hole is between 0.6 and 1.2, the annular tangential angle is between 40 and 60 degrees, and the number of holes is 12 to 16.

6. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The air inlet of the heat-insulating jacket (1) faces the flame tube head.

7. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edge of the end face of the heat-insulating jacket (1) is provided with a plurality of cooling holes distributed in the circumferential direction, and the cooling holes blow out the air in the air ring cavity for cooling.

8. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that: The included angle between the cooling hole and the central axis is between 35-50 degrees, the hole diameter is between 0.8-1.5, and the number of holes is 8-12.

9. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The cyclone (7) is a centrifugal cyclone with a spray cone angle of 80-100 degrees, and the oil outlet of the nozzle (8) has a divergence angle.

10. The vertical injection composite fuel atomization device and combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet of the heat-insulating jacket (1) is in the shape of a racetrack.

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