Light substrate sampler

Abstract

The invention provides a light substrate sampler. The light substrate sampler comprises a substrate sampling and sucking component, a touch switch component and a lifting component, the substrate collecting and sucking component comprises a collecting and sucking barrel, a conical barrel, a spring and a piston plate, the touch switch component comprises a firing pin, a firing pin outer barrel and a magnetic suction switch rod, and the lifting component comprises a reaction bin and a communicating pipe. The sampler has the beneficial effects that the sampler is light in self weight and can be adaptive to an unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned ship, and a substrate sample and the sampler can be recycled without large tension.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underwater exploration, in particular to a light bottom sampler. Background Art

[0002] During the marine survey, the collection and analysis of bottom samples is a very important work link. There are often many sandbars in the offshore areas of muddy coasts. The water depth of the shallower parts of the sandbars is limited. When sampling the bottom, the traditional method is for the survey ship to wait for high tide to operate, so the efficiency is low and labor-intensive. A method for stratified water quality sampling and fixed-depth bottom sampling carried by a drone (application number 202210882493.0) uses an automatic winch and an automatic cable arranger to operate by hanging the drone, but it has high requirements on the tensile load of the drone and the cost is relatively high.

[0003] At present, clam samplers or tube samplers are generally used for operation. However, since bottom sampling requires the sampler to be inserted deep into the seabed surface, the traditional method is to increase the deadweight of the sampler itself, which requires certain pulling force during the lifting process. Another method is to anchor at the sampling point and perform drilling operations, which has higher requirements for ships and samplers and requires a large capital cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a lightweight bottom sediment sampler, which is used for bottom sediment sampling in muddy bottom coasts.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a lightweight bottom sediment sampler, comprising a bottom sediment sampling component, a touch switch component and a lifting component;

[0006] The bottom sediment collection and suction component comprises a collection suction cylinder, a conical cylinder, a spring and a piston plate. The conical cylinder is connected with the collection suction cylinder and is coaxial with the collection suction cylinder. The conical cylinder is fixed to the lower end of the collection suction cylinder. The upper end of the collection suction cylinder is a closed end. The upper part of the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder is evenly distributed with at least two first through holes around its axis. The lower part of the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder has a second through hole. The piston plate is located in the collection suction cylinder. The outer diameter of the piston plate is adapted to the inner diameter of the collection suction cylinder. The piston plate is slidably connected to the collection suction cylinder. The side wall of the piston plate has a switch hole corresponding to the second through hole and having the same inner diameter. The two ends of the spring are respectively fixed to the upper end of the collection suction cylinder and the piston plate. The area in the collection suction cylinder from the top to the piston plate is a vacuum area.

[0007] The touch switch component includes a striker, a striker outer cylinder and a magnetic switch rod. The axis of the striker outer cylinder is parallel to the axis of the collection suction cylinder. The striker outer cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder. The striker outer cylinder has a circular hole that penetrates the second through hole. The upper part of the striker is limited to the inside of the striker outer cylinder and is slidably connected to the striker outer cylinder. The lower part of the striker has a magnetic material section. When the striker is naturally suspended on the striker outer cylinder, the lower end of the striker extends below the lower end of the conical cylinder. The magnetic switch rod passes through the second through hole and is slidably connected to the second through hole. One end of the magnetic switch rod can penetrate into the switch hole.

[0008] The lifting component includes a reaction chamber and a connecting pipe. The reaction chamber is located outside the collection suction cylinder. The two ends of the connecting pipe are respectively connected to the first through hole and the side wall of the reaction chamber. The connecting pipe connects the reaction chamber with the collection suction cylinder. A one-way valve and a filter are provided in the connecting pipe. Calcium blocks are placed in the reaction chamber. The top of the reaction chamber has an open port, which is closed with an elastic rubber membrane.

[0009] Optionally, the conical cylinder is made of stainless steel.

[0010] Optionally, the outer wall of the piston plate is made of rubber material.

[0011] Optionally, a magnetic cover is provided at the suction port at the lower end of the conical cylinder, and the edge of the magnetic cover is rotatably connected to the edge of the suction port, and the front and back sides of the magnetic cover can be magnetically adsorbed to the outer wall of the conical cylinder and the edge of the suction port respectively.

[0012] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the sampler in the present invention has a small weight, can be adapted to a drone or an unmanned ship, and can recover bottom samples and collectors without a large pulling force. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged structural diagram of the middle lifting component;

[0015] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the touch switch component;

[0016] In the figure: 1. touch switch component; 101. striker; 102. striker outer cylinder; 103. magnetic switch rod; 104. magnetic material section; 105. round hole; 2. bottom sediment collection and suction component; 201. conical cylinder; 202. collection suction cylinder; 203. piston plate; 204. spring; 205. magnetic cover plate; 206. first through hole; 207. second through hole; 208. switch hole; 3. lifting component; 301. connecting pipe; 302. reaction chamber; 303. elastic rubber membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0018] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a lightweight bottom sediment sampler, comprising a bottom sediment sampling component 2, a touch switch component 1 and a lifting component 3;

[0019] The bottom sediment collection and suction component includes a collection suction cylinder 202, a conical cylinder 201 made of stainless steel, a spring 204 and a piston plate 203. The outer shell of the conical cylinder 201 is in good sealing condition. The conical cylinder 201 is connected with the collection suction cylinder 202 and is coaxial. The conical cylinder 201 is fixed to the lower end of the collection suction cylinder 202. The upper end of the collection suction cylinder 202 is a closed end. The upper part of the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder 202 is evenly distributed with two first through holes 206 around its axis. The lower part of the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder 202 has a second through hole 207. The piston plate 203 is located in the collection suction cylinder 202. The outer diameter of the piston plate 203 is adapted to the inner diameter of the collection suction cylinder 202, and can be closed. The cross section of the collecting suction cylinder 202, the piston plate 203 is slidably connected with the collecting suction cylinder 202, in order to ensure the sealing, the side of the piston plate 203 is made of rubber material, and at the same time, the piston plate 203 has a certain thickness, and the contact part of the piston plate 203 and the conical cylinder 201 is lubricated and sealed with grease, so that the inside of the collecting suction cylinder 202 is kept in a vacuum state, and the side wall of the piston plate 203 is provided with a switch hole 208 corresponding to the second through hole 207 and having the same inner diameter, and the two ends of the spring 204 are respectively fixed to the upper end of the collecting suction cylinder 202 and the piston plate 203, and the area from the top of the collecting suction cylinder 202 to the piston plate 203 is a vacuum area;

[0020] The touch switch component 1 includes a striker 101, a striker outer cylinder 102 and a magnetic switch rod 103. The axis of the striker outer cylinder 102 is parallel to the axis of the collection suction cylinder 202. The striker outer cylinder 102 is fixed on the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder 202. The side wall of the striker outer cylinder 102 has a circular hole 105 that penetrates the second through hole 207. The upper part of the striker 101 is limited in the striker outer cylinder 102 and is slidably connected to the striker outer cylinder 102. The lower part of the striker 101 has a magnetic material section 104. When the striker 101 is naturally suspended on the striker outer cylinder 102, the lower end of the striker 101 extends below the lower end of the conical cylinder 201. The magnetic switch rod 103 passes through the second through hole 207 and is slidably connected to the second through hole 207. One end of the magnetic switch rod 103 can penetrate into the switch The piston plate 203 has a tendency to move upward, but is affected by the side magnetic switch rod 103 in the switch hole and cannot move. When the sampler gradually descends from the surface of the water to the seabed, the lower end of the striker 101 hits the seabed, and the striker 101 can slide upward in the striker outer tube 102, driving the magnetic material section 104 at the bottom of the striker 101 to move upward. When the magnetic material 104 moves to the position of the circular hole 105, the magnetic material section 104 on the striker 101 will attract the magnetic switch rod 103 to move to the outside of the collection suction cylinder 202, so that the magnetic switch rod 103 slides out of the switch hole 208 on the side of the piston plate 203.

[0021] The lifting member 3 includes a reaction chamber 302 and a connecting pipe 301. The reaction chamber 302 is located outside the collection suction cylinder 202. The two ends of the connecting pipe 301 are respectively connected to the first through hole 206 and the side wall of the reaction chamber 302. The connecting pipe 301 connects the reaction chamber 302 with the collection suction cylinder 202. The connecting pipe 301 has a one-way valve and a filter. A calcium block is placed in the reaction chamber 302. The top of the reaction chamber 302 has an open port, which is closed by an elastic rubber membrane 303. The one-way valve allows the fluid in the collection suction cylinder 202 to flow only from the collection suction cylinder 202 into the reaction chamber 302, but not in the opposite direction. The filter ensures that only seawater flows into the reaction chamber 302. The calcium block is pure calcium. The seawater reacts chemically with the calcium block. The reaction formula is as follows:

[0022] Ca+2H2O→Ca(OH)2+H2

[0023] The reaction will generate a large amount of hydrogen to fill the reaction chamber 302. At the same time, under the effect of pressure, the elastic rubber membrane 303 will deform and bulge. The whole process is similar to blowing up a balloon.

[0024] Take the total weight of the lightweight bottom sampler plus the sucked seawater and sediment as 50kg (larger than the actual situation, and it is quite laborious to pull it up manually) as an example: Buoyancy formula F = ρVg

[0025] Where: F is the buoyancy, ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the volume of the displaced fluid, and g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0026] Find the buoyancy F for a weight of 50 kg, which is equivalent to a gravity of 50 × 9.8 N. Therefore, substitute the density into the formula and solve for V = 0.05 m 3 , that is, 50L, which is within an acceptable range.

[0027] At this time, the water depth in the coastal area is 20m (larger than the actual situation). Calculate the amount of hydrogen required for 0.05m3 under 20m water pressure:

[0028] Using the ideal gas state equation PV = nRT, where:

[0029] P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

[0030] P = ρgh = P = 1000kg / m3 × 9.8m / s2 × 20m = 196000Pa; Assume T is 20℃

[0031] n=PV / RT=196000×0.05 / 8.314×293.15≈4.02mol

[0032] According to the reaction formula of Ca and H20:

[0033] Ca+2H2O→Ca(OH)2+H2

[0034] Assuming that 4.5 mol of hydrogen is to be produced, 4.5 mol of calcium block is required. The molar mass of calcium is about 40.08 g / mol, so the mass of the calcium block is 180.36 g (about 0.12 L). At this time, the reaction will produce 333.405 g of calcium hydroxide (about 0.15 L).

[0035] It can be seen from the above-mentioned estimated data that when the sampler itself is lighter, the required balloon volume, calcium block, etc. are smaller. Therefore, by putting in a calcium block of no more than 180g and a balloon of no more than 50L, the entire device can float in the water.

[0036] A magnetic cover plate 205 is provided at the suction port at the lower end of the conical cylinder 201. The edge of the magnetic cover plate 205 is rotatably connected to the edge of the suction port. The front and back sides of the magnetic cover plate 205 can be magnetically adsorbed to the outer wall of the conical cylinder 201 and the edge of the suction port respectively. Before sampling begins, the magnetic cover plate 205 is acted upon by magnetic force and adsorbed to one side of the suction port at the bottom of the conical cylinder 201. The contact surface between the two is small, that is, the magnetic attraction force is small. In the process of the light bottom sampler floating upward, the water pressure gradually decreases, the protruding volume of the elastic rubber membrane 303 gradually increases, and the buoyancy of the entire sampler gradually increases, so the rising speed is accelerated. At this time, the magnetic cover plate 205 is impacted by the water and falls off from the outside of the conical cylinder 201. The magnetic cover plate 205 rotates freely and is acted upon by magnetic force to be adsorbed on the suction port of the conical cylinder 201, thereby sealing the suction port at the bottom of the conical cylinder 201.

[0037] The working principle of the lightweight bottom sampler of the present invention is as follows: before sampling, one end of the magnetic switch rod 103 penetrates into the switch hole 208 on the side of the piston plate 203, and the magnetic switch rod 103 keeps the piston plate 203 at the lower part of the collection suction cylinder 202. Since the piston plate 203 has a certain thickness, the deadweight of the piston plate 203 itself can keep it on the cross section of the collection suction cylinder 202 under the limiting action of the magnetic switch rod 103 without being skewed, thereby ensuring the vacuum state in the collection suction cylinder 202. At this time, the spring 204 is in an extended state and maintains a contraction trend. The area inside the collection suction cylinder 202 and above the piston plate 203 is a vacuum area. The material and size of the lightweight bottom sampler can make it possible to When the device is not sampling, the overall density is greater than that of water, that is, the sampler will gradually sink to the bottom, and the device will remain in a vertical state during the sinking process, so that the striker 101 is located at the bottom of the device. When the lightweight bottom sampler descends to the seabed surface, the striker 101 hits the seabed, and then slides upward under the support of the seabed. When it reaches a certain range, the magnetic material segment 104 at the bottom of the striker 101 will attract the magnetic switch rod 103 to move, so that the magnetic switch rod 103 slides out of the switch hole 208 on the side of the piston plate 203 and is adsorbed together with the magnetic material segment 104. The spring 204 structure contracts, driving the piston plate 203 to move upward. At this time, the silt bottom will be sucked into the collection suction tube 202 from the conical tube 201 by suction;

[0038] When the collecting suction tube 202 sucks enough bottom material and the piston plate 203 is located above the first through hole 206 on the upper part of the collecting suction tube 202, the water in the bottom material entering the collecting suction tube 202 will pass through the filter screen in turn, flow through the one-way valve, and enter the reaction chamber 302. At this time, the seawater entering will react chemically with the calcium block, that is, the water in the reaction chamber 302 reacts chemically with the calcium block to generate hydrogen and calcium hydroxide solution. As the reaction proceeds, the closed reaction chamber 302 will be gradually filled with hydrogen, and the pressure in the reaction chamber 302 will gradually increase. When the pressure is greater than the water pressure at the depth of the sampler, the hydrogen will expand the elastic rubber membrane 303 on the top of the reaction chamber 302. When the elastic rubber membrane 303 expands to a certain volume, the buoyancy of the light bottom sampler is greater than its own deadweight, and it will gradually float from the seabed. As the water pressure decreases during the floating process, the volume of the gas in the elastic rubber membrane 303 gradually increases, and the floating speed gradually accelerates until the elastic rubber membrane 303 floats to the surface.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the contents described are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight bottom sampler, characterized in that: It includes a bottom sediment collection and suction component, a touch switch component and a lifting component; The bottom sediment collection and suction component comprises a collection suction cylinder, a conical cylinder, a spring and a piston plate. The conical cylinder is connected with the collection suction cylinder and is coaxial with the collection suction cylinder. The conical cylinder is fixed to the lower end of the collection suction cylinder. The upper end of the collection suction cylinder is a closed end. The upper part of the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder is evenly distributed with at least two first through holes around its axis. The lower part of the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder has a second through hole. The piston plate is located in the collection suction cylinder. The outer diameter of the piston plate is adapted to the inner diameter of the collection suction cylinder. The piston plate is slidably connected to the collection suction cylinder. The side wall of the piston plate has a switch hole corresponding to the second through hole and having the same inner diameter. The two ends of the spring are respectively fixed to the upper end of the collection suction cylinder and the piston plate. The area in the collection suction cylinder from the top to the piston plate is a vacuum area. The touch switch component includes a striker, a striker outer cylinder and a magnetic switch rod. The axis of the striker outer cylinder is parallel to the axis of the collection suction cylinder. The striker outer cylinder is fixed to the outer wall of the collection suction cylinder. The striker outer cylinder has a circular hole that penetrates the second through hole. The upper part of the striker is limited to the inside of the striker outer cylinder and is slidably connected to the striker outer cylinder. The lower part of the striker has a magnetic material section. When the striker is naturally suspended on the striker outer cylinder, the lower end of the striker extends below the lower end of the conical cylinder. The magnetic switch rod passes through the second through hole and is slidably connected to the second through hole. One end of the magnetic switch rod can penetrate into the switch hole. The lifting component includes a reaction chamber and a connecting pipe. The reaction chamber is located outside the collection suction cylinder. The two ends of the connecting pipe are respectively connected to the first through hole and the side wall of the reaction chamber. The connecting pipe connects the reaction chamber with the collection suction cylinder. A one-way valve and a filter are provided in the connecting pipe. Calcium blocks are placed in the reaction chamber. The top of the reaction chamber has an open port, which is closed with an elastic rubber membrane.

2. The lightweight bottom sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical cylinder is made of stainless steel.

3. The lightweight bottom sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the piston plate is made of rubber material.

4. The lightweight bottom sampler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A magnetic cover plate is provided at the suction port at the lower end of the conical cylinder, and the edge of the magnetic cover plate is rotatably connected to the edge of the suction port. The front and back sides of the magnetic cover plate can be magnetically adsorbed to the outer wall of the conical cylinder and the edge of the suction port respectively.

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