Q-body compensation frequency expansion method and device based on in-well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to a Q-body compensation frequency expansion method and device based on in-well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring homologous sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data; calculating a first Q-value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculating a second Q-value curve based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; performing Q value precision correction on the second Q value curve by using the first Q value curve, and performing layered evaluation analysis; horizon information is obtained along the strong energy event, a spatial three-dimensional layering factor is obtained, and a first spatial three-dimensional Q body is calculated based on ground three-dimensional seismic data; calculating a Q value precision correction factor by using sensor data; and establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q body based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q body and the Q value precision correction factor, and performing amplitude-preserving fidelity frequency-expanding processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data. Therefore, effective compensation of stratum absorption attenuation is realized, and the resolution capability of seismic data is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of oil and gas geophysical exploration and development, and in particular to a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well. Background Art

[0002] As the exploration and development of old oil fields continues to deepen, the high-quality resources that are easy to exploit are constantly decreasing. The remaining oil and gas geological targets generally have the characteristics of "thin-small-fragmented-deep-scattered-hidden", and the requirements for the resolution of three-dimensional seismic data are constantly increasing. Three-dimensional seismic obtains effective information of underground seismic waves by artificial source excitation and ground detector reception. Since the underground strata are non-completely elastic media, they will absorb and attenuate seismic waves, causing the amplitude energy, frequency, phase, etc. of seismic waves to attenuate or distort. In addition, there are various noise interferences, which reduce the resolution of seismic data and affect the fine characterization and identification of thin reservoirs. Therefore, how to accurately extract the formation absorption attenuation factor and perform amplitude-preserving frequency extension processing is the core problem in solving the exploration and development of old oil fields.

[0003] The high-precision three-dimensional Q body (quality factor) can be used to perform amplitude-preserving frequency extension processing, which can greatly improve the resolution of seismic data. When calculating the Q value, the Q value calculation method is classified according to the type of data used, including: using near-surface micro-logging data to calculate the Q value, using ground three-dimensional seismic data to calculate the Q value, using vertical seismic profile (Vertical Seismic Profile, VSP) data to calculate the Q value, etc. Near-surface micro-logging data can be used to calculate the near-surface Q value, and ground three-dimensional seismic data or VSP data can be used to calculate the mid-deep Q value. The specific Q value calculation methods mainly include: spectrum ratio method, centroid frequency shift method, amplitude attenuation method, rise time method, wavelet model method, frequency model method, pulse amplitude method, constant Q value scanning method, VSP evaluation method, pre-stack seismic Q value inversion method based on Bayesian theory, generalized center frequency shift method based on divergence, Q value estimation method using deep learning, Q value estimation method using seismic reflection wave data, etc. At present, there are many methods for calculating Q value, anti-Q filtering, and Q value absorption compensation, which have achieved certain results in practical applications and improved the resolution of seismic data. However, the existing technology mainly calculates Q value through ground seismic data, which has the disadvantages of low accuracy of establishing Q body, poor stability, and interference of abnormal values, and the Q value compensation effect is not ideal, and the amplitude fidelity of the result data is low. The vertical seismic profile method is to place detectors in the well and stimulate artificial sources on the ground. Due to the limited number of detectors in the well, multiple source excitations are required on the ground, and the detectors are constantly moving in the well to complete the acquisition of the entire well section. The Q value is calculated using the first arrival wave of VSP data. Due to the influence of different source excitations, there is a problem of sub-wave inconsistency, which affects the accuracy of Q value calculation. The detectors in the well cannot withstand the high temperature in the deep underground, resulting in the inability to collect VSP data in the deep layer, resulting in a lack of deep data, and the inability to calculate the deep Q value, resulting in unsatisfactory deep Q value compensation effect. It is difficult to effectively obtain high-accuracy three-dimensional Q-volumes by relying solely on conventional ground three-dimensional seismic data. How to calculate accurate Q-volumes to achieve fine exploration and development is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the above technical problems or part of the technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method and device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well, comprising:

[0006] Acquire sensor data collected by a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor in a well and ground three-dimensional seismic data from the same source;

[0007] Calculate a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculate a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0008] Using the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and performing hierarchical evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after the accuracy correction;

[0009] Acquiring layer information along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculating a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0010] Calculating a Q-value precision correction factor using the sensor data at different offsets;

[0011] Establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor;

[0012] The ground three-dimensional seismic data is processed with amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum extension based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0014] A first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position is calculated based on the sensor data, wherein the sensor data is sensor data collected by a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor at different depth intervals.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0016] Perform similarity analysis on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore position;

[0017] Performing Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve based on the well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor;

[0018] Performing stratification accuracy evaluation and analysis on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a stratification factor for well-ground joint Q value matching at the wellbore position;

[0019] The second Q value curve is stratified based on the well-ground joint Q value matching stratification factor.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0021] The well-ground joint Q-value matching stratification factor is used as a picking quantity plate, and layer information is obtained along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor;

[0022] Calculating the Q value of each layer based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor and using the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0023] A first spatial three-dimensional Q volume is obtained based on the Q value calculation of each layer.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0025] Calculating the propagation paths of the sensor data at the different offsets using wave equations and ray tracing;

[0026] The Q-value accuracy correction factor is calculated based on the propagation path.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0028] Establishing a three-dimensional Q-body layered initial model based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0029] Based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q body and the Q value accuracy correction factor, the Q value accuracy in the three-dimensional Q body stratification initial model is corrected to obtain a second spatial three-dimensional Q body that combines sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0031] According to the propagation law of seismic waves that attenuate layer by layer from shallow to deep, based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-volume, performing layer-by-layer Q-volume compensation processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0032] Output the ground 3D seismic data after layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing.

[0033] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a Q-body compensation frequency extension device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well, comprising:

[0034] An acquisition module, used to acquire sensor data collected by a well-distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor of the same source and ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0035] A calculation module, configured to calculate a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the sensor data and to calculate a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0036] A correction analysis module, used to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve using the first Q value curve, and perform hierarchical evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction;

[0037] The calculation module is further used to obtain layer information along the strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculate a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data;

[0038] The calculation module is further used to calculate the Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances;

[0039] An establishment module, for establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor;

[0040] A processing module is used to perform amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume.

[0041] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is used to execute a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading program based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well stored in the memory, so as to implement the Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well described in the first aspect.

[0042] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium, including: the storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well as described in the first aspect above.

[0043] The Q-body compensation spectrum spreading scheme based on well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing provided by the embodiment of the present invention obtains sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data collected by the same source well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor; calculates a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculates a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; uses the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and performs layered evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction; obtains layer information along the strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculates a first spatial three-dimensional Q-body based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; calculates a Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances; establishes a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body that combines the sensor data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q value accuracy correction factor; and performs amplitude-preserving and fidelity spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-body. Compared with the existing technology that only relies on conventional ground three-dimensional seismic data and has the problem of difficulty in effectively obtaining high-accuracy three-dimensional Q-body, this solution obtains accurate Q values ​​through calculation of in-well sensor data. The ground three-dimensional seismic data has good ductility in space, and the advantages of the two types of data are brought into play to achieve the precise establishment of the three-dimensional Q-body. Then, through wave field extension and effective signal amplitude and fidelity compensation processing, effective compensation for formation absorption attenuation is achieved, thereby greatly improving the resolution of seismic data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of sensor data collected by a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional hierarchical factor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of seismic profile data before implementation of a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of seismic profile data after the implementation of a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6A schematic diagram of the structure of a Q-body compensation frequency extension device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, specific embodiments will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] Embodiment 1

[0054] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically includes:

[0055] S11. Acquire sensor data collected by a distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensor in a well and ground three-dimensional seismic data of the same source.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, since the optical fiber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and can be deployed in the entire well section from the wellhead to the bottom of the well at one time, only one source excitation is required on the ground to realize the collection of the entire well section. Therefore, distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) technology is adopted.

[0057] The DAS in the well and the ground 3D seismic receive signals from the same source, and both have consistent source characteristics. The input data format can be specified as segy format. DAS is arranged in sequence from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, and detectors are buried on the ground according to the designed observation system. Artificial source excitation is carried out on the ground using explosives, controllable seismic sources, heavy hammers, etc. The DAS in the well and the ground detectors receive synchronously to ensure the consistency of source characteristics. The sensor data collected by the distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor in the well is obtained from the same source. Figure 2 Shown, and ground 3D seismic data.

[0058] S12, calculating a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculating a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0059] Calculate the fine Q value curve QDAS at the wellbore location based on the DAS data in the well well (i) (first Q value curve), i = 1, 2, 3 ... N, i is the depth sampling interval, N is the depth value, unit is m. The fine Q value curve calculated using the DAS data in the well has high accuracy and precision, and can more finely describe the Q value from shallow to deep in the wellbore, with an accuracy of up to 1m.

[0060] Calculate the rough Q value curve Q3D at the wellbore location based on the ground 3D seismic data well (j) (second Q value curve), j = 1, 2, 3 ... M, j is the depth sampling interval, M is the depth value, unit is m. Limited by the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the accuracy of the rough Q value curve is lower than that of the fine Q value curve. The Q value from shallow to deep in the wellbore is not detailed enough, the Q value has poor stability and low reliability, there is singular value interference, and the accuracy is about 10-100m.

[0061] S13. Use the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and perform hierarchical evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after the accuracy correction.

[0062] The fine Q value curve in the well is used to calibrate the rough Q value curve on the ground for Q value accuracy, and a detailed layered evaluation and analysis is performed.

[0063] Specifically, for the first Q value curve (fine Q value curve QDAS well (i)) and the second Q value curve (rough Q value curve Q3D well (j)) performs similarity judgment analysis to obtain the joint well-ground Q-value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore position; performs Q-value accuracy correction on the second Q-value curve based on the joint well-ground Q-value accuracy correction factor; performs stratified accuracy judgment analysis on the first Q-value curve and the second Q-value curve to obtain the joint well-ground Q-value matching stratification factor at the wellbore position; performs stratified processing on the second Q-value curve based on the joint well-ground Q-value matching stratification factor.

[0064] Specifically, by analyzing the similarity between the fine Q value curve in the well and the rough Q value curve on the ground, the Q value accuracy correction factor QCor of the wellbore and the ground is calculated. well , using the wellbore joint Q value accuracy correction factor QCor well Correct the rough Q value curve to achieve the consistency of the Q value depth domain between the well data and the ground data at the wellbore position. The rough Q value curve after correction at the wellbore position is Q3Dwell *QCor well (k), where: Q3D well (j) is a rough Q value curve; QCor well is the precision correction factor of the well-ground joint Q value in the wellbore; k=1,2,3......X, k is the depth sampling interval, X is the depth value, unit is m.

[0065] Through the layered accuracy analysis of the two Q value curves, the layered factor QLay of the wellbore joint Q value matching is calculated. well , using the wellbore joint Q value to match the stratification factor QLay well The rough Q value curve after correction is layered. The Q value layering model at the wellbore position is Q3D well *QCor well *QLay well (h), where: Q3D well (j) is a rough Q value curve; QCor well QLay is the Q value accuracy correction factor of the wellbore joint well and ground; well It is the stratification factor of the joint Q value matching of the wellbore; h = 1, 2, 3...L, h is the model stratification number, L is the total number of model layers, dimensionless unit.

[0066] The similarity judgment analysis is to achieve the approximation of the two Q value curves by extracting the accuracy correction factor, square wave the fine Q value curve, and interpolate the rough Q value curve. After the accuracy of the two Q value curves reaches one order of magnitude, the two are matched by the frequency division normalized cross-correlation method, which improves the accuracy of the Q value calculated by ground three-dimensional seismic. The layered accuracy judgment analysis is to use the fine Q value curve as the layered guidance parameter after the accuracy of the two Q value curves reaches one order of magnitude, and layer the corrected rough Q value curve, which not only ensures the stability of the results, but also achieves fine layering.

[0067] S14, acquiring layer information along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, obtaining a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculating a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0068] The layer information is picked up along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, and the spatial three-dimensional Q volume is calculated using the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0069] Specifically, the well-ground joint Q value matching stratification factor is used as the picking quantity version, and the layer information is obtained along the strong energy phase axis in the ground 3D seismic data to obtain the spatial 3D stratification factor as follows: Figure 3As shown; based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor and using the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the Q value of each layer is calculated; based on the Q value of each layer, the first spatial three-dimensional Q body (Q body calculated by three-dimensional seismic data) is obtained.

[0070] Specifically, when picking 3D layers based on ground 3D seismic data, the well-ground joint Q value at the wellbore position is matched with the stratification factor QLay well As a picking quantity version, it improves the reliability and refinement of layer picking and obtains the spatial three-dimensional layering factor QLay area .

[0071] According to the spatial three-dimensional layering factor QLay area , using the ground 3D seismic data to calculate the Q value of each layer, to achieve the Q value filling of the 3D layered model, and obtain the Q volume Q3D calculated using the 3D seismic data area In the process of calculating the three-dimensional Q body in space, the Q value accuracy correction factor QCor is used to correct the wellbore joint Q value. well Improve the accuracy of the spatial three-dimensional Q body. Establish the initial layered model Q3D of the spatial three-dimensional Q body of the work area area *QCor well *QLay area (h), where: Q3D area Compute Q-volume for 3D seismic data; QCor well QLay is the Q value accuracy correction factor of the wellbore joint well and ground; area is the three-dimensional spatial stratification factor; h = 1, 2, 3...L, h is the model stratification number, L is the total number of model layers, dimensionless unit.

[0072] Through the wellbore joint Q value accuracy correction factor QCor well It can improve the accuracy of the spatial three-dimensional Q body, but the correction factor has a higher accuracy at the wellbore position. At the position far away from the wellbore, the accuracy will be reduced, and the underground stratigraphic structure is constantly changing. A three-dimensional correction factor is needed to further improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional Q body layered initial model.

[0073] S15. Calculate the Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data at different offset distances.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present invention, the DAS data in the well at different offset distances are used to calculate the Q value accuracy correction factor to improve the accuracy of the Q body layered initial model.

[0075] Specifically, the wave equation and ray tracing are used to calculate the propagation paths of the sensor data at different offset distances; and the Q value accuracy correction factor is calculated based on the propagation paths.

[0076] Specifically, the propagation paths of DAS data in wells with different offsets are calculated in the Q-body layered initial model to obtain the correction factor in three-dimensional space. Artificial seismic sources are stimulated on the ground, and seismic waves propagate from the ground to the underground, passing through various strata from shallow to deep in turn. The number of layers passed by the near-offset data is small, and the number of layers passed by the far-offset data is large. The wave equation is combined with ray tracing to ensure the stability and reliability of the propagation path.

[0077] According to the propagation path of DAS data in wells with different offsets, the initial model of Q body stratification is corrected. From near offset to far offset, the Q value calculation error is gradually eliminated; from shallow to deep layers, correction is made in sequence to achieve layer-by-layer stripping of Q value fine calculation. Based on the Q value calculation and layer stripping rules from near to far and from shallow to deep, the three-dimensional well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor QCor is finally obtained. area , achieving further improvement in the accuracy of the Q-body stratified initial model.

[0078] S16. Establish a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combining the sensor data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor.

[0079] A three-dimensional Q-body stratified initial model is established based on ground three-dimensional seismic data; based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor obtained above, the Q-value accuracy in the three-dimensional Q-body stratified initial model is corrected to obtain a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body that combines the sensor data with the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0080] Specifically, the final three-dimensional Q body is Q3D area *QCor area *QLay area (h), where: Q3D area Compute Q-volume for 3D seismic data; QCor area QLay is the Q value accuracy correction factor of the three-dimensional well-ground joint; area is the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor; h = 1, 2, 3...L, h is the model stratification number, L is the total number of model layers, dimensionless unit. The three-dimensional Q body makes full use of the two data of well DAS and ground three-dimensional seismic. In the wellbore, the advantage of accurate Q value calculation of well DAS data is brought into play. The ground three-dimensional seismic data is used to establish the initial model of three-dimensional Q body stratification, and then the Q value accuracy is improved through the well DAS data at different offsets.

[0081] S17: performing amplitude-fidelity-preserving and frequency-spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume.

[0082] High-precision three-dimensional Q-body (second space three-dimensional Q-body) is used to perform amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum processing on ground seismic data to eliminate the adverse effects of absorption and attenuation of the formation.

[0083] Specifically, according to the propagation law of seismic waves that attenuate layer by layer from shallow to deep, based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-body, the ground three-dimensional seismic data is subjected to layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing; and the ground three-dimensional seismic data after the layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing is output.

[0084] Specifically, according to the propagation law of seismic waves that attenuate layer by layer from shallow to deep, Q compensation is performed layer by layer based on the three-dimensional Q body established by the well and the ground. Assuming that the spectrum of the seismic wave excitation source and the receiving source have the same frequency band range, according to the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor QLay area (h), recover the frequency and phase of the seismic data layer by layer, h = 1, 2, 3 ... L, h is the model layer number, L is the total number of model layers, dimensionless unit. Finally, the seismic data processed by amplitude-preserving and fidelity-spreading is output, and the data format can be set to segy.

[0085] Depend on Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of seismic profile data before the implementation of the Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing in the well. Figure 5 The schematic diagram of seismic profile data after the implementation of the Q-body compensation spectrum extension method based on distributed fiber acoustic sensing in the well shows that when using ground three-dimensional seismic data to calculate the Q value, due to noise interference, amplitude distortion and other problems, the calculated Q value has poor stability and low reliability. Taking advantage of the two data of well DAS and ground three-dimensional seismic, the well DAS is used at the wellbore position to perform precision correction and matching stratification on the ground three-dimensional seismic Q value curve, and a three-dimensional Q-body stratification initial model with high accuracy is established. Taking advantage of the well DAS data at different offset distances, based on the calculation rules from near to far and from front to deep, the accuracy of the Q-body stratification initial model is further improved.

[0086] The number of detectors in the VSP well is limited, and multiple source excitations are required on the ground. The detectors need to be constantly moved in the well to complete the acquisition of the entire well section. The Q value is calculated using the first arrival wave of the VSP data. Due to the influence of different source excitations, there is a problem of sub-wave inconsistency, which affects the accuracy of Q value calculation. The DAS in the well can achieve the layout of the entire well section at one time, and only one excitation is required on the ground to achieve the acquisition of the entire well section. The DAS data in the well has very good sub-wave consistency. The fine Q value curve can be calculated at the wellbore position. The Q value calculated by the three-dimensional seismic data is corrected based on the fine Q value curve, which greatly improves the reliability of the calculation results.

[0087] The VSP geophone cannot withstand high temperatures in deep layers, which results in the inability to collect VSP data in deep layers, resulting in data loss. The DAS in the well is resistant to high temperatures and can achieve full acquisition from the wellhead to the bottom of the well, without data loss. It can achieve precise calculation of the Q value in deep layers, and the final three-dimensional Q body contains all the information of shallow, middle and deep layers. According to the propagation law of seismic waves that attenuate layer by layer from shallow to deep, based on the three-dimensional Q body jointly established by the well and the ground, Q compensation is performed layer by layer, eliminating the adverse effects of absorption and attenuation of the formation, and greatly improving the resolution of seismic data.

[0088] The Q-body compensation spectrum spreading scheme based on well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing provided by the embodiment of the present invention obtains sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data collected by the same source well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor; calculates a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculates a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; uses the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and performs layered evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction; obtains layer information along the strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculates a first spatial three-dimensional Q-body based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; calculates a Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances; establishes a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body that combines the sensor data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q value accuracy correction factor; and performs amplitude-preserving and fidelity spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-body. Compared with the existing technology that only relies on conventional ground three-dimensional seismic data and has the problem of difficulty in effectively obtaining high-accuracy three-dimensional Q-body, this solution obtains accurate Q values ​​through calculation of in-well sensor data. The ground three-dimensional seismic data has good ductility in space, and the advantages of the two types of data are brought into play to achieve the precise establishment of the three-dimensional Q-body. Then, through wave field extension and effective signal amplitude and fidelity compensation processing, effective compensation for formation absorption attenuation is achieved, thereby greatly improving the resolution of seismic data.

[0089] Embodiment 2

[0090] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a Q-body compensation frequency extension device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well provided by an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:

[0091] The acquisition module 601 is used to acquire sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data collected by the well distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor of the same source. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0092] The calculation module 602 is used to calculate the first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculate the second Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0093] The correction analysis module 603 is used to use the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and perform hierarchical evaluation analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0094] The calculation module 602 is also used to obtain layer information along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, obtain a spatial three-dimensional layering factor, and calculate a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0095] The calculation module 602 is further used to calculate the Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0096] The establishment module 604 is used to establish a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combined with the sensor data and the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q value accuracy correction factor. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0097] The processing module 605 is used to perform amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume. For detailed description, please refer to the relevant description corresponding to the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0098] The Q-body compensation frequency extension device based on the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well provided in this embodiment can be as follows: Figure 6 The Q-body compensation frequency extension device based on the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor in the well shown in FIG. can be performed as follows: Figure 1 All steps of the Q-body compensation spectrum extension method based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing in the well are implemented, thereby achieving Figure 1 The technical effect of the Q-body compensation spectrum extension method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well is shown in the figure. For details, please refer to Figure 1 For the sake of brevity, the relevant description is not repeated here.

[0099] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7The electronic device 700 shown includes: at least one processor 701, a memory 702, at least one network interface 704 and other user interfaces 703. The various components in the electronic device 700 are coupled together via a bus system 705. It is understood that the bus system 705 is used to achieve connection and communication between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system 705 also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, the bus system 705 is not described in detail. Figure 7 Various buses are labeled as bus system 705.

[0100] The user interface 703 may include a display, a keyboard, or a pointing device (eg, a mouse, a trackball, a touch pad, or a touch screen).

[0101] It can be understood that the memory 702 in the embodiment of the present invention can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM) and direct RAM bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 702 described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0102] In some implementations, the memory 702 stores the following elements, executable units or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof: an operating system 7021 and an application program 7022 .

[0103] The operating system 7021 includes various system programs, such as a framework layer, a core library layer, a driver layer, etc., which are used to implement various basic services and process hardware-based tasks. The application 7022 includes various application programs, such as a media player (Media Player), a browser (Browser), etc., which are used to implement various application services. The program for implementing the method of the embodiment of the present invention can be included in the application 7022.

[0104] In the embodiment of the present invention, by calling the program or instruction stored in the memory 702, specifically, the program or instruction stored in the application 7022, the processor 701 is used to execute the method steps provided by each method embodiment, for example, including:

[0105] The invention relates to obtaining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data collected by a well-distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor of the same source; calculating a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculating a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; performing Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve using the first Q value curve, and performing layered evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction; obtaining layer information along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, obtaining a spatial three-dimensional layering factor, and calculating a first spatial three-dimensional Q body based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; calculating a Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances; establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q body and the Q value accuracy correction factor; and performing amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q body.

[0106] In a possible implementation, a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position is calculated based on the sensor data, wherein the sensor data is sensor data collected by a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor at different depth intervals.

[0107] In one possible implementation, a similarity judgment analysis is performed on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a joint well-ground Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore position; Q value accuracy correction is performed on the second Q value curve based on the joint well-ground Q value accuracy correction factor; a stratification accuracy judgment analysis is performed on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a joint well-ground Q value matching stratification factor at the wellbore position; and the second Q value curve is stratified based on the joint well-ground Q value matching stratification factor.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the well-ground joint Q-value matching stratification factor is used as a picking quantity plate, and layer information is obtained along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor; based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor and using the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the Q value of each layer is calculated; based on the Q value of each layer, a first spatial three-dimensional Q body is calculated.

[0109] In a possible implementation, the wave equation and ray tracing are used to calculate the propagation paths of the sensor data at different offsets; and the Q value accuracy correction factor is calculated based on the propagation paths.

[0110] In one possible implementation, a three-dimensional Q-volume layered initial model is established based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; the Q value accuracy in the three-dimensional Q-volume layered initial model is corrected based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q value accuracy correction factor to obtain a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body that combines the sensor data with the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0111] In one possible implementation, according to the propagation law of seismic waves that attenuate layer by layer from shallow to deep, based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-body, the ground three-dimensional seismic data is subjected to layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing; and the ground three-dimensional seismic data after the layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing is output.

[0112] The method disclosed in the above embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the processor 701, or implemented by the processor 701. The processor 701 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by the hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor 701 or the instruction in the form of software. The above processor 701 can be a general processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented or executed. The general processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention can be directly embodied as a hardware decoding processor to execute, or the hardware and software units in the decoding processor can be executed. The software unit can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory 702, and the processor 701 reads the information in the memory 702 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.

[0113] It is understood that the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or a combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the processing unit may be implemented in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), digital signal processing devices (DSPDevice, DSPD), programmable logic devices (PLD), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), general purpose processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units for performing the functions described in the present application, or a combination thereof.

[0114] For software implementation, the technology described herein can be implemented by a unit that performs the functions described herein. The software code can be stored in a memory and executed by a processor. The memory can be implemented in the processor or outside the processor.

[0115] The electronic device provided in this embodiment may be Figure 7 The electronic device shown in FIG. 1 may perform the following steps: Figure 1 All steps of the Q-body compensation spectrum extension method based on distributed fiber optic acoustic wave sensing in the well are implemented, thereby achieving Figure 1 The technical effect of the Q-body compensation spectrum extension method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well is shown in the figure. For details, please refer to Figure 1 For the sake of brevity, the relevant description is not repeated here.

[0116] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a storage medium (computer-readable storage medium). The storage medium here stores one or more programs. The storage medium may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a read-only memory, a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid-state drive; the memory may also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory.

[0117] When one or more programs in the storage medium can be executed by one or more processors, the Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well, which is executed on the electronic device side, is implemented.

[0118] The processor is used to execute the Q-body compensation frequency extension program based on the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well stored in the memory to implement the following steps of the Q-body compensation frequency extension method based on the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in the well executed on the electronic device side:

[0119] The invention relates to obtaining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data collected by a well-distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor of the same source; calculating a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculating a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; performing Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve using the first Q value curve, and performing layered evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction; obtaining layer information along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, obtaining a spatial three-dimensional layering factor, and calculating a first spatial three-dimensional Q body based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; calculating a Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances; establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q body and the Q value accuracy correction factor; and performing amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q body.

[0120] In a possible implementation, a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position is calculated based on the sensor data, wherein the sensor data is sensor data collected by a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor at different depth intervals.

[0121] In one possible implementation, a similarity judgment analysis is performed on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a joint well-ground Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore position; Q value accuracy correction is performed on the second Q value curve based on the joint well-ground Q value accuracy correction factor; a stratification accuracy judgment analysis is performed on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a joint well-ground Q value matching stratification factor at the wellbore position; and the second Q value curve is stratified based on the joint well-ground Q value matching stratification factor.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the well-ground joint Q-value matching stratification factor is used as a picking quantity plate, and layer information is obtained along the strong energy phase axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor; based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor and using the ground three-dimensional seismic data, the Q value of each layer is calculated; based on the Q value of each layer, a first spatial three-dimensional Q body is calculated.

[0123] In a possible implementation, the wave equation and ray tracing are used to calculate the propagation paths of the sensor data at different offsets; and the Q value accuracy correction factor is calculated based on the propagation paths.

[0124] In one possible implementation, a three-dimensional Q-volume layered initial model is established based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; the Q value accuracy in the three-dimensional Q-volume layered initial model is corrected based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q value accuracy correction factor to obtain a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body that combines the sensor data with the ground three-dimensional seismic data.

[0125] In one possible implementation, according to the propagation law of seismic waves that attenuate layer by layer from shallow to deep, based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-body, the ground three-dimensional seismic data is subjected to layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing; and the ground three-dimensional seismic data after the layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing is output.

[0126] The professionals should further realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to the function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0127] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented using hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module may be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0128] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well, characterized in that: include: Acquire sensor data collected by a distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor in a well and ground three-dimensional seismic data from the same source; Calculate a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the sensor data and calculate a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; Using the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and performing hierarchical evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after the accuracy correction; Acquiring layer information along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculating a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; Calculating a Q-value precision correction factor using the sensor data at different offsets; Establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional layering factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor; The ground three-dimensional seismic data is processed with amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum extension based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculating of a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the sensor data comprises: A first Q value curve from shallow to deep at the wellbore position is calculated based on the sensor data, wherein the sensor data is sensor data collected by a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor at different depth intervals.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method of using the first Q value curve to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve, and performing hierarchical evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after the accuracy correction, includes: Perform similarity analysis on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor at the wellbore position; Performing Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve based on the well-ground joint Q value accuracy correction factor; Performing stratification accuracy evaluation and analysis on the first Q value curve and the second Q value curve to obtain a stratification factor for well-ground joint Q value matching at a wellbore position; The second Q value curve is stratified based on the well-ground joint Q value matching stratification factor.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of acquiring layer information along a strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculating a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data includes: The well-ground joint Q-value matching stratification factor is used as a picking quantity plate, and layer information is obtained along the strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data to obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor; Calculating the Q value of each layer based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor and using the ground three-dimensional seismic data; A first spatial three-dimensional Q volume is obtained based on the Q value calculation of each layer.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The calculating of the Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances includes: Calculating the propagation paths of the sensor data at the different offsets using wave equations and ray tracing; The Q-value accuracy correction factor is calculated based on the propagation path.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The step of establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor comprises: Establishing a three-dimensional Q-body layered initial model based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; Based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q body and the Q value accuracy correction factor, the Q value accuracy in the three-dimensional Q body stratification initial model is corrected to obtain a second spatial three-dimensional Q body that combines sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The performing amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum extension processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume includes: According to the propagation law of seismic waves attenuating layer by layer from shallow to deep, based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q-volume, performing layer-by-layer Q-volume compensation processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; Output the ground 3D seismic data after layer-by-layer Q-body compensation processing.

8. A Q-body compensation frequency extension device based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to acquire sensor data collected by a well-distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensor of the same source and ground three-dimensional seismic data; A calculation module, configured to calculate a first Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the sensor data and to calculate a second Q value curve from shallow to deep at a wellbore position based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; A correction analysis module, used to perform Q value accuracy correction on the second Q value curve using the first Q value curve, and perform hierarchical evaluation and analysis on the second Q value curve after accuracy correction; The calculation module is further used to obtain layer information along the strong energy event axis in the ground three-dimensional seismic data, obtain a spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, and calculate a first spatial three-dimensional Q volume based on the ground three-dimensional seismic data; The calculation module is further used to calculate the Q value accuracy correction factor using the sensor data of different offset distances; An establishment module, for establishing a second spatial three-dimensional Q-body combining sensor data and ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the spatial three-dimensional stratification factor, the first spatial three-dimensional Q-body and the Q-value accuracy correction factor; A processing module is used to perform amplitude-preserving and fidelity-preserving spectrum spreading processing on the ground three-dimensional seismic data based on the second spatial three-dimensional Q volume.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A processor and a memory, wherein the processor is used to execute a Q-body compensation frequency extension program based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well stored in the memory, so as to implement the Q-body compensation frequency extension method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the Q-body compensation spectrum spreading method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing in a well as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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