A power supply system and power supply method for a control rod of a reactor

Abstract

The present application provides a power supply system and power supply method for a control rod of a reactor, including: an upstream power supply side, for receiving electric energy provided by an energy supply side, and transmitting the electric energy to a first branch and a second branch respectively; a power supply side of a control rod drive mechanism, including a first power supply system and a second power supply system, the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to an AC bus, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; the reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for driving control, the control rod drive system draws power from the AC bus, and is used to drive the control rod to be pulled out of the fuel rod to perform a nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop the nuclear fission reaction. Through the present application, it can be ensured that the control rod drive system always obtains power from the AC bus to drive the control rod to perform a nuclear fission reaction and stop the nuclear fission reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and in particular to a power supply system and a power supply method for control rods of a reactor. Background Art

[0002] At present, the control rod drive mechanism is a step-by-step lifting mechanism and an important component to ensure the safe and reliable operation of a nuclear power plant. The power supply device needs to stably supply power to the control rod drive mechanism to ensure the normal operation of the control rod drive mechanism. Since the power supply of a nuclear power plant sometimes fluctuates and the control rod drive mechanism also produces load shocks, it is necessary to configure a power supply device with energy storage function for the control rod drive mechanism.

[0003] Nuclear power plants generally use motor-generator sets (RAM) or power systems with lead-acid battery energy storage as CRDM power sources. The specific structure of the motor-generator set (RAM) is relatively complex, and there are many energy conversion links, large mechanical losses, low power efficiency, and high equipment failure rate and operation and maintenance costs. In the lead-acid battery energy storage method, the lead-acid battery has low power density, occupies a large area, and has high requirements for the factory building. A separate battery room needs to be configured, and the battery needs to be maintained regularly. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an object of the present application is to provide a power supply system and a power supply method for control rods of a reactor to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned defects.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply system for control rods of a reactor, the method comprising: an upstream power supply side, for receiving electric energy provided by an energy supply side, and transmitting the electric energy to a first branch and a second branch respectively; a control rod drive mechanism power supply side, comprising a first power supply system and a second power supply system, the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to an AC bus, the first power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the first branch, the second power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the second branch, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; wherein, the reactor comprises fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for drive control, the control rod drive system draws power from the AC bus, and is used to drive the control rods to be pulled out from the fuel rods for nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rods to be inserted into the fuel rods to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0006] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the first power supply system includes an electric motor and a generator, and the second power supply system includes a flywheel energy storage system, wherein the electric motor is used to receive electrical energy from the upstream power supply side and convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and transmit the mechanical energy to the generator, and the generator is used to receive mechanical energy from the electric motor and convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmit the electrical energy to the AC bus; the flywheel energy storage system is used to receive electrical energy from the upstream power supply side and transmit the electrical energy to the AC bus.

[0007] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the energy supply side includes a main transformer and a main diesel generator set, wherein the main transformer is connected to the power grid, and is used to convert the electric energy of the power grid, and transmit the converted electric energy to the upstream power supply side; the main diesel generator set is used to convert mechanical energy into electric energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and transmit the electric energy to the upstream power supply side.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the system also includes: a first standby automatic start-up device, a second standby automatic start-up device and a third standby automatic start-up device, wherein the first standby automatic start-up device is arranged on the first branch, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted on the first branch, and when a fault in the first branch is detected, a first fault signal is sent to the controller; the second standby automatic start-up device is arranged on the second branch, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted on the second branch, and when a fault in the second branch is detected, a second fault signal is sent to the controller; the third standby automatic start-up device is arranged on the energy supply side, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted by the power grid on the energy supply side, and when a fault in the power grid is detected, a third fault signal is sent to the controller.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the system also includes: a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker and a third circuit breaker, wherein the first circuit breaker is arranged on the first branch to control the on-off of the circuit transmitted on the first branch; the second circuit breaker is arranged on the second branch to control the on-off of the circuit transmitted on the second branch; the third circuit breaker is arranged at the position of the main diesel generator set on the energy supply side to control the on-off of the circuit between the main diesel generator set and the upstream power supply side.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the first circuit breaker is in a closed state, the second circuit breaker is in a closed state, and the third circuit breaker is in an open state. The system also includes a controller, wherein the controller is configured to: when receiving a first fault signal from the first backup automatic transfer device, send a first control signal to the first circuit breaker to control the first circuit breaker to open, so as to disconnect the first branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism; when receiving a second fault signal from the second backup automatic transfer device, send a second control signal to the second circuit breaker to control the second circuit breaker to open, so as to disconnect the second branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism; when receiving a third fault signal from the third backup automatic transfer device, send a third control signal to the third circuit breaker to control the third circuit breaker to close, so as to supply power to the upstream power supply side through the main diesel generator set.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the upstream power supply side includes a split transformer, a first step-down transformer and a second step-down transformer, wherein the split transformer is used to receive electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and split the electric energy into two branches, and transmit the electric energy of the two split branches to the first branch and the second branch respectively; the first step-down transformer is arranged in the first branch, for receiving electric energy from the split transformer, converting the electric energy, and transmitting the converted electric energy to the first power supply system; the second step-down transformer is arranged in the second branch, for receiving electric energy from the split transformer, converting the electric energy, and transmitting the converted electric energy to the second power supply system.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the control rod drive system includes a rectifier, a filter and a coil, wherein the rectifier is used to obtain AC power from the AC bus, convert the AC power into DC power, and transmit the DC power to the filter; the filter is used to obtain DC power from the rectifier, remove fluctuations in the DC power, and transmit the DC power without fluctuations to the coil; the coil is used to receive the DC power without fluctuations from the filter, and use the DC power to drive the control rod to be pulled out from the fuel rod to carry out a nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0013] In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a power supply method, which is applied to the power supply system of the control rods of the reactor, wherein the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism includes a first power supply system and a second power supply system, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to the AC bus. The reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for drive control. The method includes: the upstream power supply side is used to receive electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and transmit the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively; the first power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the first branch, and the second power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the second branch, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; the control rod drive system draws power from the AC bus, which is used to drive the control rods to be pulled out from the fuel rods for nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rods to be inserted into the fuel rods to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the first power supply system includes an electric motor and a generator, and the second power supply system includes a flywheel energy storage system, wherein the electric motor receives electrical energy from the upstream power supply side and converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and transmits the mechanical energy to the generator, and the generator receives mechanical energy from the electric motor and converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmits the electrical energy to the AC bus; the flywheel energy storage system receives electrical energy from the upstream power supply side and transmits the electrical energy to the AC bus.

[0015] The power supply system and power supply method for the control rod of the reactor provided by the embodiment of the present application, wherein the upstream power supply side is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and transmit the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively; the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism includes the first power supply system and the second power supply system, the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to the AC bus, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; the reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for driving control, and the control rod drive system takes power from the AC bus to drive the control rod to be pulled out from the fuel rod to perform nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop nuclear fission reaction. Through the present application, it can be ensured that the control rod drive system always obtains power from the AC bus to drive the control rod to perform nuclear fission reaction and stop nuclear fission reaction, and plays a backup role. Even if one of the power supply systems fails, the other system can still supply power to the AC bus, thereby improving the stability of the nuclear fission reaction of the control rod.

[0016] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are specifically cited below and described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply system for control rods of a reactor provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 Flow chart of the power supply method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application usually described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, each other embodiment obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belongs to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] First, the application scenarios to which this application is applicable are introduced. This application can be applied in the field of nuclear power.

[0022] Research has found that the reactor of a nuclear power plant is composed of fuel rods as nuclear fuel, control rods for control, and water that fills the reactor. During operation, the control rods are pulled out from between the fuel rods. In this state, the nuclear fission reaction is active and continues to generate huge amounts of heat energy. When the operation is stopped, the nuclear fission reaction is stopped by inserting the control rods between the fuel rods. In other words, it is very important to have an uninterrupted power supply to the control rod drive system.

[0023] However, nuclear power plants generally use motor-generator sets (RAM) or power systems with lead-acid battery energy storage as CRDM power sources. The specific structure of the motor-generator set (RAM) is relatively complex, and there are many energy conversion links, large mechanical losses, low power efficiency, and high equipment failure rate and operation and maintenance costs. In the lead-acid battery energy storage method, the lead-acid battery has low power density, occupies a large area, and has high requirements for the factory building. A separate battery room needs to be configured, and the battery needs to be maintained regularly.

[0024] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a power supply system and power supply method for a control rod of a reactor, including: an upstream power supply side, for receiving electric energy provided by an energy supply side, and transmitting the electric energy to a first branch and a second branch respectively; a power supply side of a control rod drive mechanism, including a first power supply system and a second power supply system, the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to an AC bus, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; the reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for driving control, and the control rod drive system draws power from the AC bus, and is used to drive the control rod to be pulled out of the fuel rod to perform a nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop the nuclear fission reaction. Through the present application, it can be ensured that the control rod drive system always obtains power from the AC bus to drive the control rod to perform a nuclear fission reaction and stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0025] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power supply system for the control rods of the reactor provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown in , the power supply system provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: an upstream power supply side 20, a control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30 and a control rod drive system 40.

[0026] The upstream power supply side 20 is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side 10 and transmit the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively;

[0027] The upstream power supply side 20 directly receives large-scale electric energy from the energy supply side 10, which may come from various energy forms, such as coal, natural gas, hydropower, wind power or nuclear power, etc. After receiving the electric energy, the upstream power supply side 20 distributes the electric energy to different branches through efficient transmission facilities to meet the needs of different downstream devices and systems.

[0028] In this system, the upstream power supply side 20 is specially designed with two main power transmission paths: the first branch and the second branch. These two branches not only ensure redundant supply of electric energy and improve the reliability of the system, but also provide flexible power source options for the subsequent control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30.

[0029] The control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30 includes a first power supply system and a second power supply system, both of which are connected to the AC bus, the first power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the first branch, and the second power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the second branch, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus;

[0030] For example, the control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30 may be a control rod drive mechanism power supply system (rotating asynchronous machine, RAM) of a power station under CGN.

[0031] Here, the control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30 is the core part of the nuclear reactor safety control. It includes two independent power supply systems - the first power supply system and the second power supply system, both of which are connected to a common AC bus. This design is to ensure that in the event of any single system failure, the other system can continue to provide stable power to the AC bus, thereby maintaining the normal operation of the control rod drive system 40.

[0032] The first power supply system obtains electric energy from the first branch of the upstream power supply side 20 to provide stable power support for the AC bus.

[0033] The second power supply system relies on the electric energy provided by the second branch as a backup and supplement to the first power supply system.

[0034] By supplying power in parallel, the control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30 greatly improves the safety and reliability of the nuclear reactor, ensuring rapid response in emergency situations, and effectively controlling the rate and intensity of the nuclear fission reaction by inserting or removing the control rods.

[0035] The reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for driving control. The control rod driving system 40 draws power from the AC bus and is used to drive the control rods to be pulled out from the fuel rods to carry out nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rods to be inserted into the fuel rods to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0036] The reactor consists of fuel rods as nuclear fuel, control rods for control, and water filling the reactor. During operation, the control rods are pulled out from between the fuel rods. In this state, the nuclear fission reaction is active and continues to generate huge heat energy. When the operation is stopped, the nuclear fission reaction is stopped by inserting the control rods between the fuel rods. In other words, the rod control drive is very important. Therefore, the use of a flywheel energy storage system can improve the safety and reliability of the system and reduce the system design volume, and is suitable for miniaturized nuclear power design.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the control rod drive system 40 is the core control mechanism inside the nuclear reactor, which receives power from the AC bus and uses this power to drive the movement of the control rods in the fuel rods.

[0038] Specifically, when the rate of the nuclear fission reaction needs to be increased, the control rod drive system 40 will drive the control rods to be pulled out of the fuel rods, reducing the obstruction to the nuclear fission chain reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate and energy output. When an abnormality is detected or an emergency shutdown is required, the system will quickly drive the control rods to be inserted into the fuel rods, effectively blocking the nuclear fission chain reaction and ensuring the safety of the reactor.

[0039] In summary, this power and control system architecture not only embodies a high degree of reliability and redundancy, but also ensures that the nuclear reactor has excellent safety performance while operating efficiently through sophisticated power distribution and flexible control system design.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the energy supply side 10 includes a main transformer 11 and a main diesel generator set 12, the upstream power supply side 20 includes a split transformer 21, a first step-down transformer 22 and a second step-down transformer 23, the control rod drive mechanism power supply side 30 includes an electric motor 31, a generator 32 and a flywheel energy storage system 33, and the control rod drive system 40 includes an AC bus 41, a rectifier 42 and a coil 43.

[0041] The first power supply system includes a motor 31 and a generator 32, and the second power supply system includes a flywheel energy storage system 33, wherein the motor 31 is used to receive electrical energy from the upstream power supply side 20, and convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and transmit the mechanical energy to the generator 32, and the generator 32 is used to receive mechanical energy from the motor, and convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmit the electrical energy to the AC bus 41;

[0042] The flywheel energy storage system 33 is used to receive electric energy from the upstream power supply side 20 and transmit the electric energy to the AC bus 41 .

[0043] Here, the first power supply system is an energy conversion system, which is mainly composed of a motor 31 and a generator 32 , which work together to convert the electric energy provided by the upstream power supply side 20 into another form of electric energy, and then supply it to the AC bus 41 .

[0044] The motor 31 serves as the starting point for energy conversion. The motor 31 receives electrical energy from the upstream power supply side 20, which is converted into mechanical energy, usually through the rotational force (i.e., torque) generated by the interaction between the magnetic field and the current inside the motor 31. The rotating part (rotor) of the motor 31 begins to rotate, thereby storing and transmitting electrical energy in the form of mechanical energy.

[0045] The generator 32 is closely connected to the motor 31. It receives mechanical energy input from the motor 31. Inside the generator 32, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This is achieved through the relative movement between the magnetic field inside the generator 32 (usually generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets) and the rotating rotor (driven by the motor). When the rotor rotates in the magnetic field, an induced current is generated in the coil of the generator 32, thereby converting the mechanical energy back into electrical energy. The electrical energy is then transmitted to the AC bus 41 for use by the control rod drive system 40.

[0046] Here, the flywheel energy storage system is a highly efficient energy storage device, and its principle is to realize the mutual conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy by accelerating and decelerating the rotation of the flywheel. This system has the advantages of high energy storage density, strong adaptability, wide application range, high efficiency, long life, no pollution and low maintenance cost, so it has broad application prospects in many fields, including powering the control rod drive system.

[0047] Flywheel energy storage systems can respond quickly to power system demands, releasing energy quickly even during instantaneous load changes. This is critical for the control rod drive system, which needs to move quickly and accurately to adjust the power of the reactor.

[0048] The flywheel energy storage system has high reliability and stability, no mechanical contact, no mechanical wear and other problems, and can operate stably for a long time. This is very important for application scenarios that require high reliability, such as nuclear power plants.

[0049] Flywheel energy storage systems do not produce pollutants, greenhouse gases and other harmful substances, and are environmentally friendly, which is consistent with the nuclear power plant's pursuit of environmentally friendly and clean energy utilization.

[0050] In nuclear power plants, the control rod drive system requires a stable power supply to drive the movement of the control rods. The flywheel energy storage system can be used as a backup power supply or auxiliary power supply to provide power to the control rod drive system. When the main power supply fails or a short period of high power output is required, the flywheel energy storage system can quickly release the stored energy to ensure that the control rods can move accurately and quickly.

[0051] Specifically, the energy supply side 10 includes a main transformer 11 and a main diesel generator set 12 .

[0052] The main transformer 11 is connected to the power grid and is used to convert the electric energy of the power grid and transmit the converted electric energy to the upstream power supply side 20;

[0053] The main diesel generator set 12 is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and transmit the electrical energy to the upstream power supply side 20.

[0054] Here, the main transformer 11 is a key device connecting the power grid and the upstream power supply side 20. Its main function is to convert the high-voltage electric energy provided by the power grid to meet the needs of the upstream power supply side 20 and the subsequent power distribution system.

[0055] One end of the main transformer 11 is connected to the power grid and can receive high-voltage electric energy from the power grid. The power grid is a huge power transmission network that can transmit electric energy from power stations to various power consumption areas. Through the electromagnetic induction principle inside the transformer, the main transformer 11 can convert the high-voltage electric energy provided by the power grid into low-voltage electric energy. This conversion process is achieved through the coil (i.e., winding) and iron core inside the transformer. When high-voltage current passes through the coil on one side of the transformer, it will generate a magnetic field in the iron core, and this magnetic field will induce a low-voltage current in the coil on the other side. The converted low-voltage electric energy is transmitted to the upstream power supply side 20, providing stable power input for the subsequent power distribution and control system.

[0056] The main diesel generator set 12 is another important component of the energy supply side 10. It can provide emergency electricity when the power grid is out of power or fails. The main diesel generator set 12 converts the chemical energy of fuel (such as diesel) into mechanical energy through an internal combustion engine (usually a diesel engine). This process is achieved by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the combustion of diesel in the cylinder to drive the piston movement.

[0057] Here, the main diesel generator set 12 is different from the main transformer 11. The main diesel generator set 12 directly uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Inside the generator set, there is a generator part composed of a magnetic field and a coil. When the rotor driven by the internal combustion engine rotates in the magnetic field, it will generate an induced current in the coil, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is transmitted to the upstream power supply side 20 as a supplement or substitute for the power grid. When the power grid is out of power or fails, the main diesel generator set 12 can start quickly and provide emergency power to ensure the normal operation of the entire energy management and control system.

[0058] In summary, the energy supply side 10 provides a stable and reliable power input for the entire system through the coordinated work of the main transformer 11 and the main diesel generator set 12. This design not only improves the reliability and redundancy of the system, but also ensures that sufficient power support can be provided for the subsequent power distribution and control system under various circumstances.

[0059] Specifically, the power supply system further includes: a first standby automatic start-up device, a second standby automatic start-up device and a third standby automatic start-up device.

[0060] The first standby automatic switching device is arranged on the first branch, and is used for monitoring the electric energy transmitted on the first branch, and when a fault of the first branch is detected, a first fault signal is sent to the controller.

[0061] In an optional embodiment, the first standby automatic start-up device is deployed on the first branch, and it undertakes the important task of monitoring the power transmission status on the branch. The device can monitor key parameters such as current and voltage on the first branch in real time to determine whether the power transmission is normal. Once a power transmission fault is detected on the first branch (such as current abnormality, voltage fluctuation, etc.), the first standby automatic start-up device will immediately send a first fault signal to the controller.

[0062] The second standby automatic switching device is arranged on the second branch, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted on the second branch, and when a fault of the second branch is detected, sends a second fault signal to the controller;

[0063] In an optional embodiment, the function of the second standby automatic start-up device is similar to that of the first standby automatic start-up device, but it is deployed on the second branch. The device can also monitor the power transmission status on the second branch in real time and send a second fault signal to the controller when a fault is detected.

[0064] The third standby automatic switching device is arranged at the energy supply side 10, and is used for monitoring the electric energy transmitted by the power grid at the energy supply side 10, and sending a third fault signal to the controller when a power grid fault is detected.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, a third backup automatic start-up device is deployed on the energy supply side, especially at the connection with the power grid. The device can monitor the power transmission status of the power grid in real time, including key parameters such as current, voltage, and frequency. Once a power grid fault is detected (such as a power outage, excessive voltage fluctuations, etc.), the third backup automatic start-up device will immediately send a third fault signal to the controller.

[0066] To sum up, the first standby automatic start-up device, the second standby automatic start-up device and the third standby automatic start-up device (and the power grid fault monitoring device) together constitute important fault monitoring in the power supply system. These devices can monitor the power transmission status in real time and respond quickly when a fault is detected, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the entire system.

[0067] Specifically, the system also includes: a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker and a third circuit breaker, wherein the first circuit breaker is arranged on the first branch to control the on-off of the circuit transmitted on the first branch; the second circuit breaker is arranged on the second branch to control the on-off of the circuit transmitted on the second branch; the third circuit breaker is arranged at the position of the main diesel generator set 12 on the energy supply side 10, to control the on-off of the circuit between the main diesel generator set 12 and the upstream power supply side 20.

[0068] Here, the first circuit breaker is arranged on the first branch, and can manually or automatically control the on and off of the circuit on the first branch as needed. When the system needs to start or stop transmitting electric energy from the first branch, the first circuit breaker will close or open the circuit accordingly.

[0069] When a circuit fault (such as short circuit, overload, etc.) is detected on the first branch, the first circuit breaker will quickly disconnect the circuit to prevent the fault from spreading and protect the safety of the circuit and equipment. After the fault is repaired, the first circuit breaker can reclose the circuit and restore normal transmission of electrical energy while ensuring safety.

[0070] The second circuit breaker is similar to the first circuit breaker, but it is deployed on the second branch and is responsible for controlling the on and off of the circuit on the branch. The second circuit breaker can also control the on and off of the circuit as needed, and when a circuit fault is detected on the second branch, it can quickly disconnect the circuit to isolate the fault. Through the setting of the second circuit breaker, the system can obtain electrical energy from the second branch by closing the second circuit breaker when a fault occurs in the first branch, thereby improving the flexibility and reliability of the system.

[0071] The third circuit breaker is arranged at the position of the main diesel generator set 12 on the energy supply side 10. It controls the on-off of the circuit between the main diesel generator set 12 and the upstream power supply side 20. When the power grid is out of power or fails, the third circuit breaker will close quickly to connect the main diesel generator set 12 with the upstream power supply side 20 and start the emergency power supply mode. If the main diesel generator set 12 fails or is abnormal, the third circuit breaker will immediately disconnect the circuit to prevent the fault from damaging the upstream power supply side 20. When the main diesel generator set 12 needs to be maintained or overhauled, the third circuit breaker can disconnect the circuit to provide a safe working environment for the staff.

[0072] To sum up, the first circuit breaker, the second circuit breaker and the third circuit breaker together constitute the key safety control devices in the power supply system. They can not only control the on and off of the circuit as needed, but also respond quickly when a fault is detected, isolate the fault and protect the safety of the circuit and equipment. The setting of these circuit breakers greatly improves the reliability and safety of the system, and provides a strong guarantee for the stable operation of the entire energy management and control system.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the first circuit breaker is in a closed state, the second circuit breaker is in a closed state, and the third circuit breaker is in an open state.

[0074] Specifically, the system further includes a controller, wherein the controller is configured to:

[0075] When receiving a first fault signal from the first backup automatic transfer device, sending a first control signal to the first circuit breaker to control the first circuit breaker to open, so as to disconnect the first branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism;

[0076] When receiving a second fault signal from the second backup automatic transfer device, sending a second control signal to the second circuit breaker to control the second circuit breaker to open, so as to disconnect the second branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism;

[0077] When receiving the third fault signal from the third standby automatic transfer device, a third control signal is sent to the third circuit breaker to control the third circuit breaker to close, so as to supply power to the upstream power supply side through the main diesel generator set.

[0078] The controller is the "brain" of the entire system. It is responsible for receiving fault signals from each backup automatic transfer device and sending corresponding control signals to the circuit breaker according to preset logic and strategies to achieve automatic control of the circuit on and off.

[0079] The control logic of the first circuit breaker: When the first backup automatic transfer device detects an electric energy transmission fault on the first branch, it will immediately send a first fault signal to the controller. After receiving the first fault signal, the controller will immediately send a first control signal to the first circuit breaker. After receiving the first control signal, the first circuit breaker will quickly disconnect the circuit and disconnect the first branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism to prevent the fault from spreading and damaging the equipment.

[0080] The second circuit breaker control logic: When the second backup automatic transfer device detects an electric energy transmission fault on the second branch, it will send a second fault signal to the controller. After receiving the second fault signal, the controller will send a second control signal to the second circuit breaker. After receiving the second control signal, the second circuit breaker will disconnect the circuit and disconnect the second branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism to ensure safe and stable operation of the system.

[0081] The third circuit breaker control logic: When the third backup automatic start-up device detects a grid fault or the main diesel generator set needs to be started (here it is assumed that the third backup automatic start-up device not only monitors the grid fault, but is also responsible for the logical judgment of starting the main diesel generator set), it will send a third fault signal to the controller. After receiving the third fault signal, the controller will send a third control signal to the third circuit breaker.

[0082] After receiving the third control signal, the third circuit breaker will quickly close the circuit, connect the main diesel generator set to the upstream power supply side, and start the emergency power supply mode to ensure that the system can continue to obtain a stable power supply when the power grid is out of power or fails.

[0083] Through the automatic management of the controller and the rapid response of the circuit breaker, the entire energy management and control system can quickly take countermeasures when facing a fault, minimizing the impact of the fault on the system. At the same time, this automatic control system also improves the reliability and stability of the system and reduces the possibility of human intervention and misoperation.

[0084] In summary, the collaborative work of the controller and circuit breaker provides powerful fault response and automated management capabilities for the entire energy management and control system, ensuring stable operation and safe power supply of the system under various circumstances.

[0085] Specifically, the upstream power supply 20 includes a split transformer 21, a first step-down transformer 22 and a second step-down transformer 23, wherein the split transformer is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and split the electric energy into two branches, and transmit the electric energy of the two split branches to the first branch and the second branch respectively;

[0086] Here, the split transformer 21 directly receives high-voltage electric energy from the energy supply side (such as a power station or a large power grid), and uses its special design structure to cleverly split this powerful electric energy into two independent branches - the first branch and the second branch. This split not only realizes the reasonable distribution of electric energy, but also facilitates the subsequent voltage reduction process, making the entire system more flexible and efficient.

[0087] The first step-down transformer 22 is arranged in the first branch, and is used to receive electric energy from the split transformer 21, perform electric energy conversion, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first power supply system;

[0088] Here, on the first branch, a first step-down transformer 22 is set. The main task of this transformer is to step down the electric energy received from the split transformer 21. Through a series of precise electromagnetic conversion processes, the first step-down transformer 22 converts the high-voltage electric energy into low-voltage electric energy suitable for the first power supply system, and transmits it to the system safely and stably. The first power supply system may be a specific industrial area, commercial area or residential area, which has specific requirements on the demand and stability of electric energy.

[0089] The second step-down transformer 23 is arranged in the second branch, and is used for receiving electric energy from the split transformer 21, converting the electric energy, and transmitting the converted electric energy to the second power supply system.

[0090] For example, in the second branch, the second step-down transformer 23 also plays a similar role. It receives power from the split transformer 21 and, through its own step-down mechanism, converts the power into low-voltage power suitable for the second power supply system. The second power supply system may be different from the first power supply system in terms of geographical location, power demand or importance, but it also relies on the stable power provided by the second step-down transformer 23 to support its normal operation.

[0091] It is worth noting that the design of the upstream power supply system 20 not only takes into account the transmission efficiency of electric energy, but also fully considers safety and reliability. Key equipment such as split transformers and step-down transformers are all made of advanced manufacturing processes and materials to ensure stable operation under adverse conditions such as bad weather and power fluctuations. In addition, the system is also equipped with a complete monitoring and protection device that can monitor the power quality, equipment status and potential failure risks in real time, and take corresponding protection measures to ensure the safe and stable operation of the entire system.

[0092] Specifically, the control rod drive system 40 includes a rectifier 42, a filter and a coil 43, wherein the rectifier 42 is used to obtain AC power from the AC bus 41, convert the AC power into DC power, and transmit the DC power to the filter; the filter is used to obtain DC power from the rectifier 42, remove the fluctuation of the DC power, and transmit the DC power without fluctuation to the coil 43; the coil is used to receive the DC power without fluctuation from the filter, and use the DC power to drive the control rod to be pulled out from the fuel rod to carry out nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0093] In an optional embodiment, the control rod drive system 40 is one of the key safety components in the nuclear reactor, and its precise and reliable operation is essential to maintaining the safety and stability of the nuclear fission reaction. The system integrates multiple key components such as the rectifier 42, the filter and the coil 43, which work together to achieve precise control of the control rods.

[0094] The rectifier 42 obtains stable AC power from the AC bus 41, which is usually connected to the main power grid of the nuclear power plant to provide a continuous power supply. The rectifier 42 uses internal rectifying elements (such as diodes or thyristors) to efficiently convert AC power into DC power through a precise electrical conversion process. This conversion process ensures the stability and reliability of subsequent circuits, because DC power has more stable voltage and current characteristics than AC power, and is more suitable for driving precision electronic equipment.

[0095] The DC power converted by the rectifier 42 is then transmitted to the filter. The main function of the filter is to remove fluctuations and noise in the DC power. These fluctuations and noise may be caused by factors such as the instability of the power grid and the nonlinear effect in the rectification process. The filter smoothes the DC power through its internal inductors, capacitors and other components to ensure that the DC power transmitted to the coil 43 has extremely high stability and purity.

[0096] Coil 43 receives the DC power from the filter without fluctuations, and uses the principle of electromagnetic force to drive the control rod. The control rod is a key safety component in a nuclear reactor. By changing its position in the reactor core, the rate and intensity of the nuclear fission reaction can be accurately controlled. When the nuclear fission reaction needs to be increased, coil 43 generates electromagnetic force to pull the control rod out of the fuel rod so that more neutrons can participate in the fission reaction. When the nuclear fission reaction needs to be stopped or reduced, coil 43 generates a reverse electromagnetic force to reinsert the control rod into the fuel rod to absorb neutrons and slow down the rate of the fission reaction.

[0097] It is worth noting that the design of the control rod drive system 40 not only takes into account the realization of functions, but also fully considers safety and reliability. All components in the system are made of high-quality materials and advanced manufacturing processes to ensure stable operation under extreme conditions. In addition, the system is also equipped with complete monitoring and protection devices, which can monitor key parameters such as current and voltage in real time, and automatically cut off power supply or take other protective measures when abnormal conditions are detected to prevent potential safety risks.

[0098] In summary, the control rod drive system 40 achieves precise control of the control rods through the coordinated work of key components such as the rectifier 42, the filter and the coil 43, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the nuclear fission reaction.

[0099] The power supply system and power supply method for the control rod of the reactor provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the upstream power supply side is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and transmit the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively; the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism includes the first power supply system and the second power supply system, the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to the AC bus, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; the reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for driving control, and the control rod drive system takes power from the AC bus to drive the control rod to be pulled out from the fuel rod to perform nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop nuclear fission reaction. Through the present application, it can be ensured that the control rod drive system always obtains power from the AC bus to drive the control rod to perform nuclear fission reaction and stop nuclear fission reaction, and plays a backup role. Even if one of the power supply systems fails, the other system can still supply power to the AC bus, which improves the stability of the nuclear fission reaction of the control rod. At the same time, it also realizes the precise control of the control rod, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the nuclear fission reaction.

[0100] The application of flywheels as rod-controlled power sources in nuclear power plants is not common, because the control systems of nuclear power plants usually rely on stable power supplies and complex control systems. However, the application of flywheel technology in the field of power storage is developing rapidly, especially in the fields of power frequency regulation, rail transportation, UPS (uninterruptible power supply) and aerospace attitude control. The following is about the application of flywheels in the field of power storage:

[0101] Application of flywheel in power energy storage:

[0102] Power frequency regulation: With the increase in the proportion of wind and solar power generation, the instability of grid frequency has increased, which has put forward an urgent demand for the frequency regulation capability of the units.

[0103] Rail transit field: The flywheel device is a high-efficiency kinetic energy recovery device that does not impact the power grid.

[0104] Space attitude control: The flywheel can give full play to its inertia characteristics and play a role in the attitude control of spacecraft.

[0105] UPS flywheel: Flywheel energy storage has the advantages of fast response, high instantaneous power, clean and environmental protection, and long life, and is expected to gain important applications in high-end fields.

[0106] The flywheel has a high efficiency of 95% and a power density of over 4000W / kg, enabling rapid response to changes in demand on the power system.

[0107] The application of flywheel technology in the field of power storage is developing rapidly, especially in the fields of power frequency regulation, rail transportation, UPS and aerospace attitude control. With the advancement of technology and policy support, the application prospects of flywheel technology will be broader.

[0108] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a power supply method corresponding to the power supply system for control rods of a reactor. Since the principle of solving the problem by the method in the embodiment of the present application is similar to the power supply system for control rods of a reactor in the embodiment of the present application, the implementation of the method can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.

[0109] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the power supply method provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a power supply system for control rods of a reactor, wherein the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism includes a first power supply system and a second power supply system, the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to an AC bus, the reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for drive control, and the power supply method includes:

[0110] S101, the upstream power supply side receives electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and transmits the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively;

[0111] S102: The first power supply system obtains electric energy from a first branch, and the second power supply system obtains electric energy from the second branch, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus;

[0112] S103, the control rod drive system draws power from the AC bus, drives the control rod to be pulled out from the fuel rod to carry out the nuclear fission reaction, and drives the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

[0113] Specifically, the first power supply system includes a motor and a generator, and the second power supply system includes a flywheel energy storage system;

[0114] The motor receives electrical energy from the upstream power supply side and converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and transmits the mechanical energy to the generator; the generator receives mechanical energy from the motor and converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmits the electrical energy to the AC bus;

[0115] The flywheel energy storage system receives electric energy from the upstream power supply side and transmits the electric energy to the AC bus.

[0116] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0117] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some communication interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0118] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0119] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0120] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that is executable by a processor. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can essentially or in other words, the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation methods of the present application, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. The protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that any technician familiar with the technical field can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above-mentioned embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, or can easily think of changes, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications, changes or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power supply system for control rods of a reactor, characterized in that: The system comprises: The upstream power supply side is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side and transmit the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively; The control rod drive mechanism power supply side includes a first power supply system and a second power supply system, wherein the first power supply system and the second power supply system are both connected to the AC bus, the first power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the first branch, and the second power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the second branch, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; The reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for driving control. The control rod driving system draws power from the AC bus and is used to drive the control rods to be pulled out of the fuel rods to carry out nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rods to be inserted into the fuel rods to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first power supply system includes a motor and a generator, and the second power supply system includes a flywheel energy storage system. The motor is used to receive electrical energy from the upstream power supply side, convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and transmit the mechanical energy to the generator; the generator is used to receive mechanical energy from the motor, convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmit the electrical energy to the AC bus; The flywheel energy storage system is used to receive electric energy from the upstream power supply side and transmit the electric energy to the AC bus.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The energy supply side includes a main transformer and a main diesel generator set. The main transformer is connected to the power grid and is used to convert the electric energy of the power grid and transmit the converted electric energy to the upstream power supply side; The main diesel generator set is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, and transmit the electrical energy to the upstream power supply side.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The system also includes: a first standby automatic start device, a second standby automatic start device and a third standby automatic start device. Wherein, the first standby automatic switching device is arranged on the first branch, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted on the first branch, and when a fault of the first branch is detected, a first fault signal is sent to the controller; The second standby automatic switching device is arranged on the second branch, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted on the second branch, and when a fault of the second branch is detected, sends a second fault signal to the controller; The third standby automatic switching device is arranged at the energy supply side, and is used to monitor the electric energy transmitted by the power grid at the energy supply side, and when a power grid fault is detected, send a third fault signal to the controller.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The system further comprises: a first circuit breaker, a second circuit breaker and a third circuit breaker, Wherein, the first circuit breaker is arranged on the first branch and is used to control the on and off of the circuit transmitted on the first branch; The second circuit breaker is arranged on the second branch and is used to control the on and off of the circuit transmitted on the second branch; The third circuit breaker is arranged at the position of the main diesel generator set on the energy supply side, and is used to control the on-off of the circuit between the main diesel generator set and the upstream power supply side.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that The first circuit breaker is in a closed state, the second circuit breaker is in a closed state, and the third circuit breaker is in an open state, The system also includes a controller, Wherein, the controller is configured as: When receiving a first fault signal from the first backup automatic transfer device, sending a first control signal to the first circuit breaker to control the first circuit breaker to be disconnected, so as to disconnect the first branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism; When receiving a second fault signal from the second backup automatic transfer device, sending a second control signal to the second circuit breaker to control the second circuit breaker to be disconnected, so as to disconnect the second branch from the power supply side of the control rod drive mechanism; When receiving the third fault signal from the third standby automatic transfer device, a third control signal is sent to the third circuit breaker to control the third circuit breaker to close, so as to supply power to the upstream power supply side through the main diesel generator set.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The upstream power supply side includes a split transformer, a first step-down transformer and a second step-down transformer, The split transformer is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side, split the electric energy into two branches, and transmit the electric energy of the two branches to the first branch and the second branch respectively; The first step-down transformer is arranged in the first branch, and is used to receive electric energy from the split transformer, perform electric energy conversion, and transmit the converted electric energy to the first power supply system; The second step-down transformer is arranged in the second branch, and is used for receiving electric energy from the split transformer, converting the electric energy, and transmitting the converted electric energy to the second power supply system.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The control rod drive system includes a rectifier, a filter and a coil. The rectifier is used to obtain AC power from the AC bus, convert the AC power into DC power, and transmit the DC power to the filter; The filter is used to obtain direct current from the rectifier, remove fluctuations in the direct current, and transmit the direct current without fluctuations to the coil; The coil is used for receiving the direct current from the filter without fluctuations, and using the direct current to drive the control rod to be pulled out from the fuel rod to carry out the nuclear fission reaction, and to drive the control rod to be inserted into the fuel rod to stop the nuclear fission reaction.

9. A power supply method, characterized in that: A power supply system for control rods of a reactor, wherein the power supply side of a control rod drive mechanism includes a first power supply system and a second power supply system, both of which are connected to an AC bus, and the reactor includes fuel rods of nuclear fuel and control rods for drive control, and the method includes: The upstream power supply side is used to receive the electric energy provided by the energy supply side, and transmit the electric energy to the first branch and the second branch respectively; The first power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the first branch, and the second power supply system is used to obtain electric energy from the second branch, and the first power supply system and the second power supply system simultaneously provide electric energy to the AC bus; The control rod drive system draws power from the AC busbar and is used to drive the control rods to be pulled out from the fuel rods to carry out nuclear fission reaction and to drive the control rods to be inserted into the fuel rods to stop nuclear fission reaction.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The first power supply system includes a motor and a generator, and the second power supply system includes a flywheel energy storage system. The motor receives electrical energy from the upstream power supply side, converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and transmits the mechanical energy to the generator; the generator receives mechanical energy from the motor, converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy, and transmits the electrical energy to the AC bus; The flywheel energy storage system receives electric energy from the upstream power supply side and transmits the electric energy to the AC bus.

Images