Hydrogen production method and device based on solar energy and nuclear energy

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen production method and device based on solar energy and nuclear energy, and belongs to the technical field of new energy and energy conservation. The hydrogen production method based on solar energy and nuclear energy comprises the following steps: receiving natural sunlight, and dividing the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screening light beams; performing photovoltaic power generation by using at least one group of screening light beams, and performing auxiliary power generation by using other screening light beams; and electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen by utilizing the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation. According to the hydrogen production method and device based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided by the invention, a wave band with relatively high energy and a wave band with relatively low energy in sunlight are separated, a light beam with relatively high energy is used for photovoltaic power generation, a light beam with relatively low energy is used for auxiliary power generation, and stable electric energy is obtained by adopting a mode of matching photovoltaic power generation and auxiliary power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy and energy conservation, and more specifically, relates to a method and device for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as a potential solution for future energy security and sustainable development. However, hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source and needs to be converted from other energy sources. Hydrogen energy is mainly converted into hydrogen by electrolyzing water. However, this method consumes a lot of water and electricity. Since solar power generation is random, intermittent and volatile, it is impossible to obtain long-term stable electricity through solar power generation. Therefore, electricity is mainly obtained through fossil fuels. Since the combustion of fossil fuels will cause more serious environmental pollution, there is a need in this field to provide a technical solution for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water without relying on fossil energy. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy, aiming to solve the defect that hydrogen production in the prior art relies on fossil fuel power generation.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the first aspect of the present invention is: to provide a method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy, comprising:

[0005] Receiving natural sunlight, and splitting the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screened light beams;

[0006] Using at least one group of the screened light beams to perform photovoltaic power generation, and using other screened light beams to perform auxiliary power generation; and

[0007] The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0008] In a possible implementation, receiving natural sunlight and dividing the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screened sunlight includes:

[0009] The natural sunlight is split into at least one group of high-energy light beams and at least one group of low-energy light beams according to the wavelength of the sunlight.

[0010] In a possible implementation, at least one group of the screened light beams is used for photovoltaic power generation, and other screened light beams are used for auxiliary power generation, including:

[0011] The high-energy light beam is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the low-energy light beam is used for auxiliary power generation.

[0012] In a possible implementation, using the low-energy light beam to perform auxiliary power generation includes:

[0013] The low-energy light beam is used to heat the heat storage cycle medium, and the heat storage cycle medium is used to heat the power generation working medium in the Brayton cycle module, so that the power generation working medium works to generate electricity.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the auxiliary power generation further includes generating electricity using a nuclear power generation module, and the power generation working medium absorbs heat generated by the nuclear power generation module.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the method further includes utilizing the residual heat of the circulating heating medium to desalinate seawater and separate distilled water.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the residual heat of the circulating heating medium is used to desalinate seawater to separate distilled water, including:

[0017] Using the circulating heating medium to heat the seawater to a specified temperature; and

[0018] The heated seawater is introduced into a flash chamber, and the pressure inside the flash chamber is made lower than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the heated seawater, so that the seawater is vaporized and condensed into distilled water.

[0019] In a possible implementation, part of the distilled water is used to supply water for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and the other part is used to supply water for a precooler in the Brayton cycle module.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the production of hydrogen by electrolyzing water using the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation includes:

[0021] Concentrating the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation into a power grid; and

[0022] The power grid is used to supply power for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water.

[0023] The beneficial effect of the hydrogen production method based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided by the present invention is that: compared with the prior art, the hydrogen production method based on solar energy and nuclear energy of the present invention separates the higher energy band from the lower energy band in sunlight, uses the higher energy beam for photovoltaic power generation, uses the lower energy beam for auxiliary power generation, and adopts the photovoltaic power generation and auxiliary power generation to cooperate to obtain stable electric energy. When the sunlight conditions are good, photovoltaic power generation is mainly used, and when the sunlight is not well adjusted, auxiliary power generation is mainly used, which reduces the influence of weather factors on power generation, thereby providing a stable power supply for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water.

[0024] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the second aspect of the present invention is: to provide a hydrogen production device based on solar energy and nuclear energy, comprising:

[0025] Solar modules, which use the sun’s energy to generate electricity and heat;

[0026] Nuclear energy module, which uses nuclear energy to generate electricity;

[0027] A Brayton cycle module connected to the solar module and the nuclear module; the Brayton cycle module generates electricity using heat generated by the solar module and the nuclear module; and

[0028] The electrolysis hydrogen production module is connected to the solar module, the nuclear energy module and the Brayton module; the electrolysis hydrogen production module utilizes the electric energy generated by the solar module, the nuclear energy module and the Brayton cycle module to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0029] The beneficial effect of the hydrogen production device based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided by the present invention is that: compared with the prior art, the hydrogen production device based on solar energy and nuclear energy of the present invention separates the higher energy band from the lower energy band in sunlight, uses the higher energy beam for photovoltaic power generation, uses the lower energy beam for auxiliary power generation, and adopts the photovoltaic power generation and auxiliary power generation to cooperate to obtain stable electric energy. When the sunlight conditions are good, photovoltaic power generation is mainly used, and when the sunlight is not well adjusted, auxiliary power generation is mainly used, which reduces the influence of weather factors on power generation, thereby providing a stable power supply for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main steps of a method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main steps of utilizing the residual heat of the circulating heating medium to desalinate seawater and separate distilled water provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the main steps of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water using the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen production device based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Vacuum collector tube; 2. Photovoltaic cell; 3. Spectral filter; 4. Inverter; 5. Seawater desalination device; 6. Hot tank; 7. Cold tank; 8. Heat exchanger; 9. Turbine; 10. Recompressor; 11. Main compressor; 12. Precooler; 13. Low-temperature regenerator; 14. High-temperature regenerator; 15. Heat exchanger; 16. Small reactor; 17. Constant current; 18. Electrolyzer; 19. Steam-water separator; 20. Deoxygenation and water inlet device; 21. Hydrogen tank; 22. Oxygen tank; 23. Circulating water pump; 24. Resin filter; 25. Power grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] At present, the development and utilization of new energy sources has been in the supplementary and experimental stage. As a clean energy, solar energy has many advantages compared with relatively mature traditional energy sources, but it also has obvious shortcomings. For example, solar energy is random, intermittent and volatile, which makes it difficult to popularize and commercialize solar power generation on a large scale. In the future, multi-energy complementary systems are considered to be one of the most promising types of energy utilization. By combining solar energy with another energy source, it can solve the problems of intermittency and volatility of solar energy to a certain extent and deepen the penetration of solar energy in the power grid. A potentially effective method of multi-energy complementary technology is to mix solar energy with nuclear reactors. Such a system is called a solar and nuclear complementary power generation system.

[0039] Fossil fuels are currently the main energy source used to drive desalination systems. Therefore, the use of renewable energy to drive desalination systems can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Among them, the use of concentrated solar thermal energy to drive desalination systems has been considered a highly feasible method. The high-temperature thermal energy generated by concentrated solar thermal plants can not only be used for thermal energy storage, but also can be coupled with other energy sources. These characteristics make it an attractive choice for driving desalination energy. In the process of combined utilization of solar energy and nuclear energy, since the heat transfer medium in the solar module still has a high temperature and a certain amount of heat after heat exchange, considering using this part of the waste heat to drive desalination, it can enrich the product output in the combined utilization system of solar energy and nuclear energy, while meeting the needs of power generation and fresh water production.

[0040] Hydrogen energy is widely regarded as a potential solution for future energy security and sustainable development. However, hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source and needs to be converted from other energy sources. The raw materials of hydrogen energy are mainly water and fossil fuels, which are almost all over the world. Compared with some non-fuel energy sources that are greatly restricted by geographical and climatic conditions, the use of hydrogen energy is not limited by time and space. As a new energy source, hydrogen energy can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy through fuel cells to support the conventional electricity consumption of electric vehicles and civil facilities. Because it is not restricted by the Carnot cycle, hydrogen energy has a high efficiency of electricity conversion; in addition, due to its high specific calorific value, which is second only to nuclear energy, hydrogen energy is often used in heating facilities for civil and commercial buildings and even aviation fuel. Because of its wide range of utilization value and utilization methods, the demand for hydrogen energy has risen rapidly in recent years and is still in a rapid growth stage.

[0041] Taking the above factors into consideration, research on the solar-nuclear combined cycle system with the functions of power generation, seawater desalination and hydrogen production has great scientific research significance and engineering value for improving the utilization ratio of solar energy and enriching the product output of the solar-nuclear combined cycle system. The present invention proposes a new integrated hydrogen production system based on solar energy and nuclear energy on the basis of the Brayton cycle.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the method and device for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided by the present invention are now described.

[0043] In the first aspect, the method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy provided in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0044] S1. Receive natural sunlight and split the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screened light beams.

[0045] S2. Using at least one set of screened light beams for photovoltaic power generation, and using other screened light beams for auxiliary power generation. And

[0046] S3. Use the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation and auxiliary power generation to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0047] Optionally, step S1. receiving natural sunlight and dividing the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screened sunlight, comprising:

[0048] The natural sunlight is split into at least one group of high-energy light beams and at least one group of low-energy light beams according to the wavelength of the sunlight. In this embodiment, the splitting of sunlight into a group of high-energy light beams and a group of low-energy light beams is used as an example for explanation. In this embodiment, the natural sunlight is split into high-energy light beams and low-energy light beams by a spectral filter. The sunlight with a wavelength within 500-1000nm in the natural sunlight is split into high-energy light beams, and the sunlight with a wavelength outside 500-1000nm in the natural sunlight is split into low-energy light beams.

[0049] Optionally, step S2. using at least one group of screened light beams for photovoltaic power generation and using other screened light beams for auxiliary power generation, comprises:

[0050] High-energy light beams are used for photovoltaic power generation, and low-energy light beams are used for auxiliary power generation.

[0051] The sunlight is evenly irradiated onto the spectral filter, which is a solid interference film composed of high-refractive-index material germanium and low-refractive-index material silicon dioxide. Its full-spectrum average transmittance and reflectivity are 68.7% and 31.3% respectively. The spectral filter transmits sunlight between 500-1000nm to the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell for power generation, which can effectively prevent the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell from overheating and improve its conversion rate. The direct current generated by the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell enters the inverter power inlet, and finally obtains alternating current power through the inverter and is integrated into the power grid to provide power for the constant current power supply of the electrolytic hydrogen production module.

[0052] Optionally, auxiliary power generation using low energy light beams, including:

[0053] The low-energy light beam is used to heat the heat storage circulation medium, and the heat storage circulation medium is used to heat the power generation working medium in the Brayton cycle module, so that the power generation working medium works to generate electricity.

[0054] Optionally, the auxiliary power generation also includes generating electricity using a nuclear power generation module, and the power generation working medium absorbs the heat generated by the nuclear power generation module.

[0055] The spectral filter not only performs spectrum division, but also acts as a concentrator, reflecting sunlight outside the range of 500-1000nm to the vacuum collector tube for concentrated solar thermal utilization. In order to solve the intermittent and fluctuating problems of solar power generation over time and seasons to a certain extent, and to store energy to meet the needs of grid load regulation, this paper adds a heat storage device consisting of a hot tank and a cold tank to the solar module. Since liquid sodium has the advantages of high heat capacity and density, good stability, and low cost, the molten salt is used as the heat transfer and heat storage fluid in the vacuum collector tube in the solar module. The role of the high-temperature liquid sodium molten salt is to reheat the supercritical carbon dioxide heated by the nuclear energy module in the heat exchanger. As the supercritical carbon dioxide is heated again, its temperature rises, and the output power of the entire system increases.

[0056] The working fluid used in the Brayton cycle module is supercritical carbon dioxide. The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine and expands inside the turbine to do work. The generated electricity directly enters the power grid to provide electricity for the constant current power supply in the electrolyte hydrogen module.

[0057] The supercritical carbon dioxide after doing work enters the high-temperature regenerator and then the low-temperature regenerator in turn. The supercritical carbon dioxide coming out of the low-temperature regenerator is then diverted. One stream enters the precooler and then the main compressor, so that the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide decreases while the pressure rises to the highest pressure of the cycle. Then it enters the low-temperature regenerator. The low-temperature regenerator heats the low-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the main compressor. The heated supercritical carbon dioxide reaches the inlet of the high-temperature regenerator, and the other stream of supercritical carbon dioxide directly enters the re-compressor. The pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide is raised to the highest point of the cycle pressure through the re-compressor, and then it merges with the supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator.

[0058] After the two streams of low-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide merge, they immediately enter the high-temperature regenerator, where they are preheated before entering the heat exchanger. After preheating, they enter the heat exchanger in the nuclear energy module and are heated again to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by the heat exchanger. This part of high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is further heated by the heat exchanger in the solar module before flowing back to the turbine. At this point, the supercritical carbon dioxide completes the entire Brayton cycle.

[0059] The nuclear power generation module includes a small reactor and a heat exchanger. The main coolant of the small reactor is liquid lead. The reactor adopts a modular design. The core is composed of 17×17 fuel assemblies. The selected fuel type is UO2, of which the 235U enrichment is 4.9%. The control rod is Ag-In-Cd type. After the liquid lead coolant absorbs heat from the core, it flows upward under the action of the natural circulation driving force, and carries the heat of the core into the hot pool, and then transfers the heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide in the loop through the heat exchanger. The supercritical carbon dioxide that has absorbed the heat flows out through the outlet of the heat exchanger and finally flows into the cold pool, thus forming a natural circulation of the first-loop coolant. The electricity produced by the small reactor also directly enters the power grid to provide electricity for the constant current power supply in the electrolyte hydrogen module.

[0060] Optionally, the method further includes step S4: utilizing the residual heat of the circulating heating medium to desalinate seawater and separate distilled water.

[0061] Optionally, step S4. utilizing the residual heat of the circulating heating medium to desalinate seawater and separate distilled water comprises:

[0062] S401. Heat the seawater to a specified temperature using a circulating heating medium.

[0063] S402. The heated seawater is introduced into a flash chamber, and the pressure inside the flash chamber is made lower than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the heated seawater, so that the seawater is vaporized and condensed into distilled water.

[0064] Optionally, part of the distilled water produced in step S402 is used to supply water for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and the other part is used to supply water for the precooler in the Bridon cycle module.

[0065] In order to effectively utilize the thermal energy of liquid sodium molten salt and improve the utilization efficiency, the liquid sodium molten salt coming out of the cold tank will be connected to the seawater desalination device. The seawater desalination device in this system selects the multi-stage flash evaporation (MSF) method for seawater desalination. Multi-stage flash evaporation is to heat the seawater to a certain temperature and introduce it into a flash chamber. The pressure in the chamber is lower than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the seawater. Part of the seawater is quickly vaporized and condensed to become the required fresh water; the temperature of the other part of the seawater is reduced and flows into another flash chamber with lower pressure, and the evaporation and cooling process is repeated. Multiple flash chambers are connected in series, the indoor pressure is reduced step by step, the seawater is cooled step by step, and desalinated water is continuously produced. The seawater desalination device in this system is designed with a flash chamber. The advantage of this method is that its distillation temperature is low, the waste heat of liquid sodium molten salt can be effectively utilized, and it occupies a small area and has a relatively high water production. The design value of daily fresh water production is 3900.0t.

[0066] Part of the distilled water produced can provide water for the precooler in the Brayton cycle module and the deoxygenation and water inlet devices in the hydrogen production module. Finally, the liquid sodium molten salt that has fully utilized the waste heat will be returned to the vacuum collector for recycling.

[0067] Optionally, in step S3, the process of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen using the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation and auxiliary power generation includes:

[0068] S301. Collect the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation and auxiliary power generation into the power grid.

[0069] S302. Use the power grid to provide power for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.

[0070] In a second aspect, this embodiment provides a hydrogen production device based on solar energy and nuclear energy, which uses the hydrogen production method based on solar energy and nuclear energy as in the first aspect, including:

[0071] Solar modules, which use the sun’s energy to generate electricity and heat;

[0072] Nuclear energy module, which uses nuclear energy to generate electricity;

[0073] A Brayton cycle module connected to the solar module and the nuclear module; the Brayton cycle module generates electricity using heat generated by the solar module and the nuclear module; and

[0074] The electrolysis hydrogen production module is connected to the solar module, the nuclear energy module and the Brayton module; the electrolysis hydrogen production module utilizes the electricity generated by the solar module, the nuclear energy module and the Brayton cycle module to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0075] The solar module includes a vacuum heat collecting tube 1, a photovoltaic cell 2, a spectrum filter 3, an inverter 4, a desalination device 5, a hot tank 6, a cold tank 7, and a heat exchanger 8. The nuclear energy module includes a heat exchanger 15 and a small reactor 16. The Brayton cycle module includes: a heat exchanger 8, a turbine 9, a recompressor 10, a main compressor 11, a precooler 12, a low-temperature regenerator 13, a high-temperature regenerator 14, and a heat exchanger 15. The electrolysis hydrogen production module includes a constant current power supply 17, an electrolyzer 18, a steam-water separator 19, a deoxygenation and water inlet device 20, a hydrogen tank 21, an oxygen tank 22, a circulating water pump 23, a resin filter 24, and a power grid 25.

[0076] The sunlight is irradiated uniformly onto the spectrum filter 3. The spectrum filter 3 is a solid interference film composed of high-refractive index material germanium and low-refractive index material silicon dioxide. Its full-spectrum average transmittance and reflectivity are 68.7% and 31.3% respectively. The spectrum filter 3 transmits sunlight between 500-1000nm to the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell 2 for power generation, which can effectively prevent the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell 2 from overheating and improve its conversion rate. The direct current generated by the copper indium gallium selenide photovoltaic cell 2 enters the power inlet of the inverter 4, and finally obtains alternating current power through the inverter 4 and is incorporated into the power grid 25 to provide power for the constant current power supply 17 of the electrolytic hydrogen production module.

[0077] The spectral filter not only performs spectrum division but also acts as a concentrator, reflecting sunlight outside the range of 500-1000nm to the vacuum collector tube 1 for concentrated solar thermal utilization, in order to solve the problem of intermittent and fluctuating solar power generation over time and seasons to a certain extent, and at the same time it can also store energy to meet the needs of grid load regulation.

[0078] A heat storage device is added to the solar module, which consists of a hot tank 6 and a cold tank 7. Since liquid sodium has advantages such as high heat capacity and density, good stability and low cost, the molten salt is used as the heat transfer and heat storage fluid in the vacuum collector tube 1 in the solar module. The role of the high-temperature liquid sodium molten salt is to reheat the supercritical carbon dioxide heated by the nuclear energy module in the heat exchanger 8. As the supercritical carbon dioxide is heated again, its temperature rises, and the output power of the entire system increases.

[0079] In order to effectively utilize the heat energy of the liquid sodium molten salt and improve the utilization efficiency, the liquid sodium molten salt coming out of the cold tank 7 will be connected to the seawater desalination device 5. The seawater desalination device 5 in this system selects the multi-stage flash evaporation (MSF) method for seawater desalination. Multi-stage flash evaporation is to heat the seawater to a certain temperature and introduce it into a flash chamber, the pressure in the chamber is lower than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the seawater, part of the seawater is quickly vaporized, and the required fresh water is obtained after condensation; the temperature of the other part of the seawater is reduced and flows into another flash chamber with lower pressure, and the process of evaporation and cooling is repeated. Multiple flash chambers are connected in series, the pressure in the chamber is reduced step by step, the temperature of the seawater is reduced step by step, and desalinated water is continuously produced. The seawater desalination device in this system is designed with 3-stage flash chambers.

[0080] The advantage of this method is that the distillation temperature is low, the waste heat of liquid sodium molten salt can be effectively utilized, and the footprint is small, the water production is relatively high, and the design value of daily fresh water production is 3900.0t. Part of the produced fresh water can provide water source for the precooler 12 in the Brayton cycle module and the deoxygenation and water inlet device 20 in the hydrogen production module. Finally, the liquid sodium molten salt that has fully utilized the waste heat will be returned to the vacuum collector 1 for recycling.

[0081] The working fluid used in the Brayton cycle module is supercritical carbon dioxide. The high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide enters the turbine 9 and expands to do work in the turbine 9. The produced electric energy directly enters the power grid 25 to provide electric energy for the constant current power supply 17 in the electrolyte hydrogen module. The supercritical carbon dioxide after doing work enters the high-temperature regenerator 14 and then the low-temperature regenerator 13 in turn, and the supercritical carbon dioxide coming out of the low-temperature regenerator 13 is then diverted.

[0082] One stream enters the precooler 12 and then enters the main compressor 11, so that the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide is reduced while the pressure is raised to the highest pressure of the cycle, and then enters the low-temperature regenerator 13, which heats the low-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide at the outlet of the main compressor 11, and the heated supercritical carbon dioxide reaches the entrance of the high-temperature regenerator 13. Another stream of supercritical carbon dioxide directly enters the recompressor 10, through which the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide is raised to the highest point of the cycle pressure, and then merges with the supercritical carbon dioxide flowing out of the low-temperature regenerator 13. The two merged low-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide immediately enter the high-temperature regenerator 14, and the high-temperature regenerator 14 preheats the supercritical carbon dioxide before entering the heat exchanger 15. After preheating, it enters the heat exchanger 15 in the nuclear energy module and is heated again to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by the heat exchanger 15. This part of the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide is further heated by the heat exchanger 8 in the solar module before returning to the turbine. At this point, the supercritical carbon dioxide completes the entire Brayton cycle.

[0083] The main coolant of the small reactor 16 is liquid lead. The reactor adopts a modular design. The core is composed of 17×17 fuel assemblies. The selected fuel type is UO2, of which the 235U enrichment is 4.9%. The control rod is Ag-In-Cd type. After the liquid lead coolant absorbs heat from the core, it flows upward under the action of the natural circulation driving force, and carries the heat of the core into the hot pool, and then transfers the heat to the supercritical carbon dioxide in the loop through the heat exchanger 15. The supercritical carbon dioxide that has absorbed the heat flows out through the outlet of the heat exchanger 15 and finally flows into the cold pool, thus forming a natural circulation of the coolant in one loop. The electric energy produced by the small reactor 16 also directly enters the power grid 25 to provide electric energy for the constant current power supply 17 in the electrolyte hydrogen module.

[0084] Before the electrolytic hydrogen production module is operated, it is necessary to open the water inlet of the deoxygenation and water inlet device 20 to allow water to flow stably through the electrolytic cell 18 circuit, and then turn on the constant current power supply 17. After the constant current power supply 17 obtains electrical energy from the power grid 25, it converts AC power into DC power and connects to the electrolytic cell 18.

[0085] The electrolytic cell 18 in the present invention adopts proton exchange membrane electrolysis technology (PEM). The water inside the electrolytic cell 18 is oxidized in the anode catalyst layer through the anode diffusion layer to produce oxygen precipitation reaction, generating hydrogen ions and oxygen. The mixture of oxygen and water enters the deoxygenation and water inlet device 20, under its action, the oxygen is separated and stored in the oxygen tank 22.

[0086] The hydrogen ions are liberated through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode catalyst layer to undergo a hydrogen evolution reaction, and are reduced to form hydrogen that is precipitated from the cathode diffusion layer. When the produced hydrogen and water mixture enters the steam-water separator 19, due to the difference in density between hydrogen and water, the hydrogen will rise and gather in the hydrogen tank 21, while the water will sink to the bottom of the steam-water separator 19 and circulate back to the deoxygenation and water inlet device 20, and be transferred from its bottom outlet to the circulating water pump 23, and under the action of the circulating water pump 23, it flows through the resin filter 24 and returns to the electrolytic cell 18 to complete the cycle.

[0087] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy, characterized in that: include: Receiving natural sunlight, and splitting the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screened light beams; Using at least one group of the screened light beams to perform photovoltaic power generation, and using other screened light beams to perform auxiliary power generation; and The electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

2. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: Receiving natural sunlight and dividing the natural sunlight into at least two groups of screened sunlight, comprising: The natural sunlight is split into at least one group of high-energy light beams and at least one group of low-energy light beams according to the wavelength of the sunlight.

3. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Using at least one group of the screened light beams to perform photovoltaic power generation, and using other screened light beams to perform auxiliary power generation, comprising: The high-energy light beam is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the low-energy light beam is used for auxiliary power generation.

4. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Utilizing the low-energy light beam to perform auxiliary power generation includes: The low-energy light beam is used to heat the heat storage cycle medium, and the heat storage cycle medium is used to heat the power generation working medium in the Brayton cycle module, so that the power generation working medium works to generate electricity.

5. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The auxiliary power generation also includes generating electricity using a nuclear power generation module, and the power generation working medium absorbs the heat generated by the nuclear power generation module.

6. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: The residual heat of the circulating heating medium is used to desalinate seawater and separate distilled water.

7. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The residual heat of the circulating heating medium is used to desalinate seawater and separate distilled water, including: Using the circulating heating medium to heat the seawater to a specified temperature; and The heated seawater is introduced into a flash chamber, and the pressure inside the flash chamber is made lower than the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the heated seawater, so that the seawater is vaporized and condensed into distilled water.

8. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A part of the distilled water is used to supply water for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and the other part is used to supply water for the precooler in the Brayton cycle module.

9. The method for producing hydrogen based on solar energy and nuclear energy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water using the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation comprises: Concentrating the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the auxiliary power generation into a grid; and The power grid is used to supply power for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water.

10. A hydrogen production device based on solar energy and nuclear energy, using the hydrogen production method based on solar energy and nuclear energy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Solar modules, which use the sun’s energy to generate electricity and heat; Nuclear energy module, which uses nuclear energy to generate electricity; A Brayton cycle module connected to the solar energy module and the nuclear energy module; The Brayton cycle module generates electricity using the heat generated by the solar module and the nuclear energy module; and The electrolysis hydrogen production module is connected to the solar module, the nuclear energy module and the Brayton module; the electrolysis hydrogen production module utilizes the electric energy generated by the solar module, the nuclear energy module and the Brayton cycle module to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

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