An Adaptive Multi-Party Semi-Quantum Dialogue System and Method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method. Step S1: Allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties; Step S2: Measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set the strength of the quantum error correction code; Step S3: The communication parties encode and send information, and re-encode and adjust when channel monitoring is abnormal; Step S4: The receiving party measures and extracts information. If the error rate exceeds the threshold, feedback is given. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors according to the feedback and then sends again. When the channel state changes greatly, update the channel parameters; Step S5: The communication parties calculate the hash values of the received quantum states and exchange and compare them. When they are inconsistent, identify the suspicious party. The suspicious party re-sends and provides records, and each party adjusts the channel security policy according to the records; Step S6: Dialogue summary and confirmation; Step S7: System performance analysis and optimization. The present invention can effectively resist external attacks, ensure information security, and is applicable to scenarios with high security requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of communication security, and particularly relates to an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method. Background Technique

[0002] Quantum secure direct communication is a communication method that directly transmits quantum information over a quantum channel and can detect eavesdropping, which is theoretically proven to have absolute security. Given the high cost and scarcity of current full-quantum devices, "semi-quantum secure direct communication" has been proposed, which is based on the integration of quantum devices and classical devices, aiming to reduce the cost of quantum hardware devices and the computational burden, and promote the development and practical application of quantum communication. In the current research on semi-quantum secure direct communication methods, the communication participants mainly include two or three parties, and both quantum communication parties and classical communication parties can be the senders or receivers of information. It mainly focuses on the one-way communication between the quantum party and the classical communication party, and there is a tampering attack during the communication process. However, multi-party quantum communication is not only the development trend of the next-generation quantum network communication, but also the two-way communication more meets the actual communication needs, and the existing communication modes and methods cannot meet the needs of future quantum networks.

[0003] The existing semi-quantum secure direct communication technology solutions mainly solve the one-way communication between two communication parties. There is a risk of tampering attack in most current protocol methods, the efficiency is not very ideal, and it does not meet the development needs of future high-security networking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system and method. The adaptive channel module can dynamically adjust the quantum error correction code strength and transmission frequency according to the real-time channel state, solving the problem that the efficiency of the existing technology is not very ideal.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method, and the dialogue method includes the following steps:

[0007] Step S1, quantum state allocation: allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties. The initial quantum states are prepared in different ways according to the capabilities of the communication parties, and at the same time, a classical auxiliary information vector is given;

[0008] Step S2, channel evaluation: measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set the quantum error correction code strength;

[0009] Step S3, dialogue initiation: the communication parties encode and send the information, and re-encode and adjust when the channel monitoring is abnormal;

[0010] Step S4, Information Interaction: The receiving party measures and extracts information. If the error rate exceeds the threshold, it gives feedback. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors based on the feedback and then sends again. When the channel state changes significantly, the channel parameters are updated;

[0011] Step S5, Multi-party Collaboration and Tamper Resistance: The communicating parties calculate the hash values of the received quantum states and exchange and compare them. When they are inconsistent, the suspicious party is determined. The suspicious party re-sends and provides records, and each party adjusts the channel security policy according to the records;

[0012] Step S6, Dialogue Summary and Confirmation: Each party summarizes and confirms the dialogue content through classical communication. When they are inconsistent, they trace back to find and correct errors;

[0013] Step S7, System Performance Analysis and Optimization: Calculate the average fidelity, accuracy, and tamper resistance effectiveness, and optimize the system accordingly.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific steps of the above-mentioned Step S1, Quantum State Allocation, are as follows:

[0015] Step S11: Allocate a set of initial quantum states to each communicating party. Let the number of communicating parties be , and the initial quantum state of the th communicating party is , and the preparation method of depends on the capabilities of the communicating parties;

[0016] Step S12: Allocate a classical auxiliary information vector to each communicating party, where is the dimension of the classical auxiliary information.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific steps of the above-mentioned Step S2, Channel Evaluation, are as follows:

[0018] Step S21: Conduct an initial evaluation of the quantum channels between the parties, measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set initial channel parameters for each communication link;

[0019] Step S22: Define the relationship between the strength of the quantum error correction code and the channel noise and channel fidelity as:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, represents rounding up, is the channel noise from communicating party to communicating party , is the channel fidelity from communicating party to communicating party , is the channel from communicating party to communicating party Strength of quantum error correction code;

[0022] The relationship between the quantum state transmission frequency, channel noise, and channel fidelity is:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula, is the quantum state transmission frequency from communication party to communication party

[0025] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S3, initiating a conversation, include the following steps:

[0026] Step S31: Communication party 1 initiates a conversation. The initiator encodes the information related to the conversation topic onto the quantum state. The encoding expression is , is the encoding function, is the initial quantum state of communication party 1, is the quantum state encoded by communication party 1;

[0027] Step S32: Communication party 1 sends to each communication party through the quantum channel. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel state in real time;

[0028] When it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, the encoding method or error correction strategy of the quantum state is adjusted according to the current channel state:

[0029] The currently monitored channel noise from communication party 1 to communication party is and the current channel fidelity is . When , the encoded quantum state is adjusted to . Among them, is the adjusted encoding function, is the adjusted quantum state of communication party 1.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S4, information interaction, include the following steps:

[0031] Step S41: Let the sender be communication party 1 and the receiver be communication party . Among them, . After receiving the quantum state or the adjusted , preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction are performed:

[0032] The measurement expression is , ​For the measurement function, the measurement result is obtained , when the quantum state is disturbed beyond the threshold, the communicating party will feedback an error message to the sender;

[0033] Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender cooperates with the adaptive channel module to readjust the sending strategy. When the communicating party feeds back an error, communicating party 1 adjusts the current quantum error correction code strength according to the current channel state and the feedback from the communicating party :

[0034] ;

[0035] In the formula, is the additional error correction strength according to the error situation, is the current quantum error correction code strength from communicating party 1 to communicating party ;

[0036] The quantum state is recoded as , and then sent to the communicating party again;

[0037] In the formula, is the recoding function, is the quantum state after recoding by communicating party 1;

[0038] Step S43: During the multi-party conversation process, information is continuously exchanged between parties, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel state of the entire network and the operation conditions of each party:

[0039] Let and be the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, be the channel noise from communicating party to communicating party at the current moment, be the channel fidelity from communicating party to communicating party at the current moment. Define the channel state change amount , where is the norm of the matrix, and are the original channel noise matrix and original channel fidelity matrix respectively;

[0040] When , the system adjusts the quantum channel parameters and information transmission strategy, is the preset threshold;

[0041] For all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength:

[0042] ;

[0043] Wherein, is the updated quantum error correction code strength from communication party to communication party ;

[0044] Adjust the quantum state transmission frequency:

[0045] ;

[0046] Wherein, is the adjusted quantum state transmission frequency from communication party to communication party ;

[0047] Furthermore, the specific steps of the above-mentioned step S5, multi-party collaboration and anti-tampering include the following steps:

[0048] Step S51: During the conversation, establish an anti-tampering mechanism for multi-party collaboration. When receiving and processing quantum state information, the communication parties perform their own error correction and information extraction, and conduct information interaction and verification with other communication parties;

[0049] Step S52: Assume that the quantum state received by communication party is . Communication party calculates the hash value of , where is the hash function, and then sends to each communication party through classical communication;

[0050] After communication party receives , it calculates the hash value of the quantum state it receives, and compares and . When , all parties will jointly activate the error correction and traceability mechanism;

[0051] Step S53: Define the set of communication parties whose hash values are inconsistent with other communication parties:

[0052] ;

[0053] Wherein, is an element in the set , is the hash value calculated by communication party , is the hash value calculated by all communication parties except communication party The hash value calculated by a communication party other than indicates that there is a communication party ;

[0054] For inconsistent communication parties , each communication party jointly sends a verification request to the inconsistent communication party. The communication party resends the relevant quantum state information and provides detailed operation records and channel status information;

[0055] All parties recalculate the hash value and verify. When the hash value is still found to be inconsistent, adjust the channel security policy. The changed quantum encryption strength is:

[0056] ;

[0057] In the formula, is the original quantum encryption strength, is the increased encryption strength according to the tampering situation;

[0058] The changed communication path selection function is:

[0059] ;

[0060] In the formula, is the set of all communication paths, and are the channel noise and channel fidelity on path .

[0061] Furthermore, the methods for calculating the average fidelity, accuracy, and anti-tampering effectiveness in step S7, system performance analysis and optimization are specifically as follows:

[0062] Average fidelity of the quantum channel:

[0063] ;

[0064] In the formula, is the number of communication parties, is the channel fidelity from communication party to communication party ;

[0065] Accuracy of information transmission:

[0066] ;

[0067] In the formula, is the information error rate of communication party ;

[0068] Effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism:

[0069] ;

[0070] Wherein, is the tampering situation between the communicating parties and .

[0071] The present invention also provides an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system. The dialogue system includes a quantum state preparation module, an information encoding and decoding module, an adaptive channel module, a tamper-proof verification module, and a system optimization module. The output end of the quantum state preparation module is unidirectionally connected to the input end of the information encoding and decoding module. The information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive channel module. The information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the tamper-proof verification module. The adaptive channel module is bidirectionally connected to the tamper-proof verification module. The tamper-proof verification module is bidirectionally connected to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is bidirectionally connected to the quantum state preparation module, the information encoding and decoding module, and the adaptive channel module. The quantum state preparation module is used to provide an initial quantum state to the information encoding and decoding module, which is the basis of the entire system and provides quantum state resources for subsequent information processing. The information encoding and decoding module is used to receive the quantum state generated by the quantum state preparation module, perform information encoding, and then transmit the encoded quantum state through the adaptive channel module. At the same time, it receives the quantum state from the adaptive channel module for decoding and interacts with the tamper-proof verification module, and may re-encode or decode according to the tamper-proof verification result. The adaptive channel module is used to monitor the channel state in real time, provide channel support for the information transmission of the information encoding and decoding module, and dynamically adjust parameters according to the channel state. At the same time, it cooperates with the tamper-proof verification module to adjust the channel security policy according to the tampering situation. The tamper-proof verification module is used to calculate and verify the hash value of the quantum state during the information transmission process, interact with the information encoding and decoding module to ensure the integrity and security of the information, cooperate with the adaptive channel module to adjust the channel security policy according to the verification result, and feedback relevant information to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is used to collect performance data and information from the other four modules after the dialogue ends, perform system performance analysis, and then provide optimization suggestions and parameter adjustment directions to the other modules to achieve continuous improvement and optimization of the system.

[0072] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0073] 1. The adaptive channel module of the present invention can dynamically adjust the strength of quantum error correction codes and the transmission frequency according to the real-time channel state. When the channel quality is good, it increases the transmission frequency to speed up information exchange; when the channel deteriorates, it enhances the error correction ability, reduces error retransmission, avoids resource waste, ensures efficient information transmission, and the anti-tampering verification module discovers tampering behaviors in a timely manner through hash value calculation and exchange. The multi-party cooperation mechanism ensures information integrity. Once an anomaly is detected, the suspicious party can be traced and the security policy can be adjusted to effectively resist external attacks and guarantee information security. It is applicable to scenarios with high security requirements to ensure that sensitive information is not leaked or tampered with.

[0074] 2. The quantum state preparation module of the present invention allocates quantum states according to the capabilities of the communication parties and combines classical auxiliary information to enable all parties to effectively participate. During the conversation, the adaptive channel module and the anti-tampering verification module can handle device performance changes and channel fluctuations. Whether in a complex communication environment or a combination of communication parties with different capabilities, communication stability can be guaranteed. After the conversation ends, the system optimization module analyzes based on indicators such as the average fidelity of the quantum channel, the information transmission accuracy rate, and the effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism to provide optimization directions for quantum state preparation, channel parameter setting, adaptive adjustment strategies, etc. Through continuous optimization, the system can adapt to different communication requirements and environmental changes and improve the overall performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] . To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0076] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 2 is a schematic system framework diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0078] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0079] Embodiment 1:

[0080] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method, including:

[0081] Step S1, Quantum state distribution: Allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties. The initial quantum states are prepared in different ways according to the capabilities of the communication parties, and at the same time, a classical auxiliary information vector is given;

[0082] Step S2, Channel evaluation: Measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set the strength of the quantum error correction code;

[0083] Step S3, Conversation initiation: The communication parties encode and send information. When an abnormality is detected in the channel monitoring, re-encode and adjust;

[0084] Step S4, Information interaction: The receiving party measures and extracts information. If the error rate exceeds the threshold, feedback is given. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors according to the feedback and then sends again. When the channel state changes greatly, update the channel parameters;

[0085] Step S5, Multi-party collaboration and anti-tampering: The communication parties calculate the hash values of the received quantum states and exchange and compare them. When they are inconsistent, the suspicious party is determined. The suspicious party re-sends and provides records, and each party adjusts the channel security policy according to the records;

[0086] Step S6, Conversation summary and confirmation: Each party summarizes and confirms the conversation content through classical communication. When they are inconsistent, trace back to find and correct errors;

[0087] Step S7, System performance analysis and optimization: Calculate the average fidelity, accuracy, and anti-tampering effectiveness, and optimize the system accordingly.

[0088] Step S1, The quantum state distribution specifically includes the following steps:

[0089] Step S11: Allocate a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Let the number of communication parties be , and the initial quantum state of the th communication party is , and the preparation method of depends on the capabilities of the communication parties;

[0090] Step S12: Allocate a classical auxiliary information vector to each communication party, where is the dimension of the classical auxiliary information.

[0091] Step S2, The channel evaluation specifically includes the following steps:

[0092] Step S21: Conduct an initial evaluation of the quantum channels between the parties, measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set initial channel parameters for each communication link;

[0093] Step S22: Define the relationship between the strength of the quantum error correction code and the channel noise and channel fidelity as:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the formula, represents rounding up, is the channel noise from communication party to communication party ; is the channel fidelity from communication party to communication party ; is the quantum error correction code strength from communication party to communication party ;

[0096] The relationship between the quantum state transmission frequency and the channel noise and channel fidelity is:

[0097] ;

[0098] In the formula, is the quantum state transmission frequency from communication party to communication party ;

[0099] Step S3, the dialogue initiation specifically includes the following steps:

[0100] Step S31: Communication party 1 initiates a dialogue. The initiator encodes the information related to the dialogue topic onto a quantum state. The encoding expression is , is the encoding function, is the initial quantum state of communication party 1, is the quantum state encoded by communication party 1;

[0101] Step S32: Communication party 1 sends to each communication party through the quantum channel. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel state in real time;

[0102] When it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, adjust the encoding method or error correction strategy of the quantum state according to the current channel state:

[0103] The currently monitored channel noise from communication party 1 to communication party is and the current channel fidelity is . When , adjust the encoded quantum state to , where is the adjusted encoding function, is the adjusted quantum state of communication party 1;

[0104] Step S4, the information interaction specifically includes the following steps:

[0105] Step S41: Let the sender be Communication Party 1 and the receiver be Communication Party , where , after receiving the quantum state or the adjusted , perform preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction:

[0106] The measurement expression is , is the measurement function, and the measurement result is obtained. When the interference of the quantum state exceeds the threshold, Communication Party will feedback an error message to the sender;

[0107] Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender collaborates with the adaptive channel module to re-adjust the sending strategy. When Communication Party feeds back an error, Communication Party 1 adjusts the current quantum error correction code strength according to the current channel state and the feedback from Communication Party :

[0108] ;

[0109] In the formula, is the additional error correction strength according to the error situation, is the current quantum error correction code strength from Communication Party 1 to Communication Party ;

[0110] Re-encode the quantum state as , and send it to Communication Party again;

[0111] In the formula, is the re-encoding function, is the quantum state re-encoded by Communication Party 1;

[0112] Step S43: During the multi-party conversation process, information is continuously exchanged between parties, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel state of the entire network and the operation conditions of each party:

[0113] Let and be the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, be the channel noise from Communication Party to Communication Party at the current moment, be the channel fidelity from Communication Party to Communication Party at the current moment. Define the channel state change amount , where is the norm of the matrix, and are the original channel noise matrix and the original channel fidelity matrix respectively;

[0114] When the system adjusts the quantum channel parameters and the information transmission strategy, is a preset threshold;

[0115] For all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength:

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula, is the updated quantum error correction code strength from the communicating party to the communicating party ;

[0118] Adjust the quantum state transmission frequency:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula, is the adjusted quantum state transmission frequency from the communicating party to the communicating party ;

[0121] Step S5, the multi-party collaboration and anti-tampering specifically include the following steps:

[0122] Step S51: During the conversation, establish an anti-tampering mechanism for multi-party collaboration. When receiving and processing quantum state information, the communicating parties perform their own error correction and information extraction, and conduct information interaction and verification with other communicating parties;

[0123] Let the quantum state received by the communicating party be , and the communicating party calculates the hash value of , where is the hash function, and then sends to each communicating party through classical communication;

[0124] After the communicating party receives , it calculates the hash value of its received quantum state , and compares and . When , all parties will jointly activate the error correction and traceability mechanism;

[0125] Step S53: Define the set of communication parties with inconsistent hash values:

[0126] ;

[0127] In the formula, is an element in the set ; is the hash value calculated by the communication party ; is the hash value calculated by a communication party other than the communication party ; indicates that there exists a communication party ;

[0128] For the inconsistent communication party , each communication party jointly sends a verification request to the inconsistent communication party, and the communication party resends the relevant quantum state information and provides detailed operation records and channel status information;

[0129] All parties recalculate the hash value and verify. When the hash value is still found to be inconsistent, adjust the channel security policy, and the changed quantum encryption strength is:

[0130] ;

[0131] In the formula, is the original quantum encryption strength, is the increased encryption strength according to the tampering situation;

[0132] The changed communication path selection function is:

[0133] ;

[0134] In the formula, is the set of all communication paths, and are the channel noise and channel fidelity on the path ;

[0135] Step S7. The specific methods for calculating the average fidelity, accuracy, and anti-tampering effectiveness in system performance analysis and optimization are as follows:

[0136] Average fidelity of the quantum channel:

[0137] ;

[0138] In the formula, is the number of communication parties, is the channel fidelity from the communication party to the communication party ;

[0139] Accuracy rate of information transmission:

[0140] ;

[0141] In the formula, is the information error rate of the communication party ;

[0142] Effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism:

[0143] ;

[0144] In the formula, is the tampering situation between the communication party and ;

[0145] Embodiment 2:

[0146] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system. The dialogue system includes a quantum state preparation module, an information encoding and decoding module, an adaptive channel module, an anti-tampering verification module, and a system optimization module. The output end of the quantum state preparation module is unidirectionally connected to the input end of the information encoding and decoding module. The information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive channel module. The information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module. The adaptive channel module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module. The anti-tampering verification module is bidirectionally connected to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is bidirectionally connected to the quantum state preparation module, the information encoding and decoding module, and the adaptive channel module.

[0147] The quantum state preparation module is used to provide an initial quantum state to the information encoding and decoding module. It is the foundation of the entire system and provides quantum state resources for subsequent information processing. The information encoding and decoding module is used to receive the quantum state generated by the quantum state preparation module, perform information encoding, and then transmit the encoded quantum state through the adaptive channel module. At the same time, it receives the quantum state from the adaptive channel module for decoding and interacts with the anti-tampering verification module. According to the anti-tampering verification result, it may re-perform encoding or decoding operations. The adaptive channel module is used to monitor the channel state in real time, provide channel support for the information transmission of the information encoding and decoding module, and dynamically adjust parameters according to the channel state. At the same time, it cooperates with the anti-tampering verification module to adjust the channel security policy according to the anti-tampering situation. The anti-tampering verification module is used to calculate and verify the hash value of the quantum state during information transmission, interact with the information encoding and decoding module to ensure the integrity and security of the information, cooperate with the adaptive channel module to adjust the channel security policy according to the verification result, and feedback relevant information to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is used to collect performance data and information from the other four modules after the conversation ends, perform system performance analysis, and then provide optimization suggestions and parameter adjustment directions to the other modules to achieve continuous improvement and optimization of the system.

[0148] Embodiment 3:

[0149] A specific application of the method of the present invention is:

[0150] Step S1, quantum state distribution:

[0151] Step S11: Allocate a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Let the number of communication parties be , and the initial quantum state of the th communication party is . Its preparation method depends on the capabilities of the communication parties. For communication parties with stronger quantum operation capabilities, their quantum states may contain more entangled components, such as (where and are complex numbers that satisfy the normalization condition ); for communication parties with weaker capabilities, it may be a single qubit state ;

[0152] Step S12: At the same time, allocate a classical auxiliary information vector to each communication party for assisting in the processing of quantum states and information interaction, where is the dimension of the classical auxiliary information, and its elements can represent information such as the identity identification of the communication party and the encoding related to the initial conversation topic. For example, can represent the role number of the communication party in the conversation (the value range is from 1 to );

[0153] Step S2, Channel evaluation:

[0154] Step S21: Conduct an initial evaluation of the quantum channel between parties, and measure key parameters such as channel noise (representing the channel noise from communication party to communication party ) and channel fidelity (measuring the ability of the channel to maintain the integrity of the quantum state). Based on these parameters, set initial channel parameters for each communication link;

[0155] Step S22: Define the relationship between the strength of the quantum error correction code and channel noise and channel fidelity as:

[0156] (where represents rounding up). The meaning of this formula is that when the channel noise is larger and the channel fidelity is lower, a stronger quantum error correction code is required to ensure the accurate transmission of information. The relationship between the quantum state transmission frequency and channel noise and fidelity is: , that is, the worse the channel quality, the lower the transmission frequency, to reduce error accumulation;

[0157] Step S3, Conversation initiation:

[0158] Step S31: One of the communication parties (assumed to be communication party 1) initiates a conversation. The initiator encodes the information related to the conversation topic onto a quantum state. The encoding expression is , and its specific encoding method can be carried out according to the pre-set rules. For example, convert the information into a binary sequence, and then apply a series of quantum gate operations to to obtain ;

[0159] Step S32: Communication party 1 sends to other communication parties through the quantum channel. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel state in real time. If it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, immediately adjust the encoding method or error correction strategy of the quantum state according to the current channel state. Assume that the currently monitored channel noise is and the current channel fidelity is . If (that is, the channel quality deteriorates), then re-encode the quantum state as , where It is an encoding function adjusted according to the new channel state, and the adjustment method can be to increase the redundant information in the encoding, such as adding additional error-correcting qubits in the quantum state;

[0160] Step S4, Information Interaction:

[0161] Step S41: The receiving party (set as the communicating party , ) after receiving the quantum state (or the adjusted ), first performs preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction, and the measurement expression is , obtaining the measurement result . If it is found that the quantum state is severely disturbed during this process (defining the error rate , when , is the preset error threshold), the communicating party will feedback the error information to the sending party;

[0162] Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sending party collaborates with the adaptive channel module to re-adjust the sending strategy. If the communicating party feeds back an error, the communicating party calculates the new quantum error correction code strength ( is the additional error correction strength according to the error situation), and re-encodes the quantum state as ( is the new encoding function), and then sends it to the communicating party again;

[0163] Step S43: During the multi-party conversation process, information is continuously exchanged among all parties, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel state of the entire network and the operation conditions of all parties. Let and be the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, and define the channel state change amount (where represents a certain norm of the matrix, such as the Frobenius norm). When ( is the preset threshold), the system adjusts the quantum channel parameters and information transmission strategy. For example, for all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength , and adjust the quantum state transmission frequency ;

[0164] Step S5, Multi-party Collaboration and Tamper Resistance:

[0165] Step S51: During the conversation, establish a multi-party collaborative anti-tampering mechanism. When each communication party receives and processes quantum state information, it not only performs its own error correction and information extraction but also conducts information interaction and verification with other communication parties;

[0166] Step S52: Suppose the quantum state received by communication party at a certain moment is , communication party calculates the hash value of ( is a pre-defined hash function, such as calculating the hash value based on a certain entanglement property of the quantum state), and then sends to other communication parties through classical communication. Other communication parties (suppose they are communication party ) receive , calculate the hash value of the quantum state they received (suppose it is ), and compare and . If , all parties will jointly initiate an error correction and traceability mechanism;

[0167] Step S53: Define a set of suspicious communication parties (i.e., the set of communication parties whose hash values are inconsistent with those of other communication parties). For the suspicious communication party , other communication parties jointly send a verification request to it. The communication party resends the relevant quantum state information and provides detailed operation records and channel status information. Then all parties recalculate the hash values based on this information and verify. If inconsistencies are still found, the channel security policy will be adjusted, such as increasing the quantum encryption strength, changing the communication path (if there is an alternative path), etc. Suppose the new quantum encryption strength is ( is the encryption strength increased according to the tampering situation), and the new communication path selection function is (where is the set of all possible communication paths, and are the channel noise and channel fidelity on path );

[0168] Step S6: Conversation summary and confirmation: When the conversation is completed, all communication parties summarize and confirm the entire conversation content. Through classical communication, all parties exchange the key information of the conversation to ensure consistent understanding of the conversation content;

[0169] If information inconsistencies are found during the summarization process, all parties will re-trace the quantum state transmission and processing steps in the conversation process, identify possible error-prone links, and correct them;

[0170] Step S7, System Performance Analysis and Optimization: Analyze the system performance during this conversation process, including the average fidelity of the quantum channel , the accuracy rate of information transmission (assuming Party 1 in the communication is the initiator), the effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism (wherein represents that no tampering or successful correction of tampering has occurred between communication parties and , and represents an unsuccessful correction of tampering), etc. indicators,

[0171] According to the analysis results, optimize the system's quantum state preparation, channel parameter settings, adaptive adjustment strategies, etc. For example, if the average fidelity is low, the quantum state preparation method can be improved to enhance its anti-interference ability; if the information transmission accuracy rate is not high, the selection of quantum error correction codes and the adaptive adjustment algorithm can be further optimized; if the effectiveness of the anti-tampering mechanism is insufficient, the hash function can be improved or more verification links can be added to provide more efficient and secure guarantee for the next multi-party semi-quantum conversation.

[0172] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0173] The above-disclosed preferred embodiments of the present invention are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not elaborate all the details, nor limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made according to the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the relevant art can understand and utilize the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method based on adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue, characterized in that: The dialogue method comprises the following steps: Step S1, quantum state allocation: allocate initial quantum states to multiple communication parties. The initial quantum states are prepared in different ways according to the capabilities of the communication parties, and classical auxiliary information vectors are given at the same time. Step S2, channel assessment: measuring channel noise and channel fidelity, and setting quantum error correction code strength; Step S3, dialogue initiation: the communication party encodes and sends the information, and re-encodes and adjusts when the channel monitoring is abnormal; Step S4, information exchange: The receiving party measures and extracts information, and gives feedback if the error rate exceeds a threshold. The sending party re-encodes and corrects errors based on the feedback and sends again. If the channel state changes significantly, the channel parameters are updated. Step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention: The communicating parties calculate and receive the quantum state hash value and exchange and compare them. If they are inconsistent, the suspicious party is determined. The suspicious party resends and provides records, and the parties adjust the channel security strategy according to the records. Step S6, dialogue summary and confirmation: the parties confirm the dialogue content through classic communication summary, and if there is any inconsistency, they backtrack to find the error and correct it; Step S7, system performance analysis and optimization: calculate the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness, and optimize the system accordingly; The step S4, information interaction specifically includes the following steps: Step S41: Assume that the sender is communication party 1 and the receiver is communication party ,in, , upon receiving the quantum state or adjusted After that, perform preliminary quantum measurement and information extraction: The measurement expression is , is the measurement function, and the measurement result is , when the quantum state is disturbed beyond the threshold, the communication party Error information will be fed back to the sender; Step S42: After receiving the feedback, the sender cooperates with the adaptive channel module to readjust the sending strategy. Feedback error, communication party 1 according to the current channel status and communication party Feedback adjusts the current quantum error correction code strength: ； In the formula, To provide additional error correction strength based on the error situation, From communication party 1 to communication party The current quantum error correction code strength of Recode the quantum state as , and send it to the communication party again ; In the formula, is the recoding function, The re-encoded quantum state of communication party 1; Step S43: During the multi-party dialogue, the parties continuously exchange information, and the adaptive channel module continuously monitors the channel status of the entire network and the operation status of each party: set up and is the channel noise matrix and channel fidelity matrix monitored at the current moment, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel noise, The current moment from the communication party To the communication party The channel fidelity is defined as the channel state change ,in, is the norm of the matrix, and are the original channel noise matrix and the original channel fidelity matrix respectively; when When is a pre-set threshold; For all communication links, update the quantum error correction code strength: ； In the formula, For communication To the communication party Updated quantum error correction code strength; Adjust the frequency of quantum state transmission: ； In the formula, For communication To the communication party Adjusted quantum state transmission frequency; The step S5, multi-party collaboration and tamper prevention, specifically includes the following steps: Step S51: During the conversation, a multi-party collaborative anti-tampering mechanism is established. When receiving and processing quantum state information, the communicating party performs its own error correction and information extraction, and interacts and verifies information with other communicating parties; Step S52: Set the communication party The received quantum state is , communication party calculate Hash value ,in, As a hash function, through classical communication Send to each communication party; Corresponding party receive Then, calculate the quantum state you received Hash value , and compare and ,when When the parties are involved in the error correction and tracing mechanism, Step S53: define a set of communication parties whose hash values ​​are inconsistent with other communication parties: ； In the formula, For collection The elements in For communication party The calculated hash value, For communication parties The hash value calculated by a communication party other than Indicates that there is a communication party ; For inconsistent communication parties , each communication party sends a verification request to the inconsistent communication party, and the communication party Resend relevant quantum state information and provide detailed operation records and channel state information; Each party recalculates the hash value and verifies it. If the hash value is still inconsistent, the channel security policy is adjusted to change the post-quantum encryption strength to: ； In the formula, is the original quantum encryption strength, To increase the encryption strength according to tampering; The changed communication path selection function is: ； In the formula, is the set of all communication paths, and For path Channel noise and channel fidelity on .

2. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1, quantum state allocation specifically includes the following steps: Step S11: Assign a set of initial quantum states to each communication party. Suppose the number of communication parties is , No. The initial quantum state of each communicating party is , The preparation method depends on the capabilities of the communicating parties; Step S12: Assign a classic auxiliary information vector to each communication party ,in, is the dimension of classic auxiliary information.

3. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step S2, channel assessment, specifically comprises the following steps: Step S21: Perform an initial evaluation of the quantum channel between the parties, measure the channel noise and channel fidelity, and set initial channel parameters for each communication link; Step S22: define the relationship between quantum error correction code strength, channel noise and channel fidelity as: ； In the formula, Indicates rounding up. For communication To the communication party The channel noise, For communication To the communication party The channel fidelity is For communication To the communication party The strength of quantum error correction code; The relationship between quantum state transmission frequency, channel noise and channel fidelity is: ； In the formula, For communication To the communication party The frequency of quantum state transmission.

4. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S3, initiating a dialogue, specifically includes the following steps: Step S31: Communication party 1 initiates a conversation, and the initiator sends information related to the conversation topic to Encoded into the quantum state, the encoding expression is , is the encoding function, is the initial quantum state of communication party 1, The quantum state after encoding for communication party 1; Step S32: Communicator 1 transmits It is sent to each communication party. During the sending process, the adaptive channel module monitors the channel status in real time; When it is found that the channel parameters deviate from the initial set values, the quantum state encoding method or error correction strategy is adjusted according to the current channel state: Detected from communication party 1 to communication party The current channel noise is and the current channel fidelity is ,when When the encoded quantum state is adjusted to ,in, is the adjusted encoding function, is the quantum state adjusted by communication party 1.

5. The adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for calculating the average fidelity, accuracy and anti-tampering effectiveness in the step S7, system performance analysis and optimization, is specifically: Average fidelity of quantum channel: ； In the formula, is the number of communicating parties, For communication To the communication party Channel fidelity; Accuracy of information transmission: ； In the formula, For communication party Information error rate; Effectiveness of anti-tampering mechanisms: ； In the formula, For communication party and between tampering.

6. An adaptive multi-party semi-quantum dialogue system, used to implement the dialogue method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The dialogue system includes a quantum state preparation module, an information encoding and decoding module, an adaptive channel module, an anti-tampering verification module and a system optimization module, wherein the output end of the quantum state preparation module is unidirectionally connected to the input end of the information encoding and decoding module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the adaptive channel module, the information encoding and decoding module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the adaptive channel module is bidirectionally connected to the anti-tampering verification module, the anti-tampering verification module is bidirectionally connected to the system optimization module, and the system optimization module is bidirectionally connected to the quantum state preparation module, the information encoding and decoding module and the adaptive channel module; The quantum state preparation module is used to provide an initial quantum state to the information encoding and decoding module. The information encoding and decoding module is used to receive the quantum state generated by the quantum state preparation module, and after information encoding, transmit the encoded quantum state through the adaptive channel module. At the same time, the quantum state received from the adaptive channel module is decoded, and interacts with the anti-tampering verification module, and re-encoding or decoding operations according to the anti-tampering verification result. The adaptive channel module is used to monitor the channel state in real time, provide channel support for information transmission of the information encoding and decoding module, and dynamically adjust parameters according to the channel state. At the same time, it cooperates with the anti-tampering verification module to adjust the channel security strategy according to the anti-tampering situation. The anti-tampering verification module is used to calculate and verify the hash value of the quantum state during the information transmission process, and adjust the channel security strategy in collaboration with the adaptive channel module according to the verification result, and feed back the relevant information to the system optimization module. The system optimization module is used to collect performance data and information from the other four modules after the dialogue ends, perform system performance analysis, and then provide optimization suggestions and parameter adjustment directions to other modules.

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