Fertilization ratio optimization method for pitaya growth cycle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and discloses a fertilization ratio optimization method for a pitaya growth cycle, which comprises the following steps: sample collection: collecting root soil from a plurality of pitaya plantations according to the pitaya growth cycle, and collecting soil layers with different depths in a layered manner; soil plant analysis: detecting the content of elements in the soil; strain separation: using a plate streak separation method; material screening: testing a carrier material, and evaluating adsorption of the material to microorganisms; organic raw material treatment: waste pitaya branches and pomace in the plantation are collected; according to the growth nutritional requirements of young trees, the technology is integrated; and according to the growth cycle result, the technology is optimized to improve the technical details. Soil and plant nutrition conditions are accurately mastered through sample collection and analysis, a scientific basis is provided for fertilization, and blind fertilization is avoided. According to the technology integration, all links are integrated and perfected, and an efficient closed loop is formed. Finally, the fertilizer utilization rate is effectively improved and high-quality and high-yield pitaya is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for optimizing fertilization ratios during the growth cycle of pitaya. Background Art

[0002] In today's agricultural industry, pitaya has become a popular crop in tropical and subtropical regions due to its unique taste, rich nutritional value and high economic benefits. However, for a long time, there have been many drawbacks in the fertilization process of pitaya cultivation.

[0003] At present, fertilization practices in pitaya cultivation mostly rely on traditional experience, and existing fertilization technologies rarely comprehensively consider multi-dimensional factors such as soil fertility, real-time nutritional levels of plants, and microbial environment. As the foundation for pitaya growth, the soil contains large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other macroelements, as well as trace elements such as iron, manganese, and zinc, as well as physical and chemical properties such as soil texture and pH, which will profoundly affect the plant's efficiency in nutrient absorption. At the same time, the levels of chemical elements in various parts of the pitaya plant itself, such as the distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the stems, leaves, and roots, can intuitively reflect the nutritional surplus and deficit status of the plant, but are often overlooked, leading to the problem of low fertilizer utilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya, thereby solving the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Sample collection: According to the growth cycle of pitaya, root soil was collected from multiple pitaya plantations. Soil layers at different depths were collected in layers. Soil was collected with stainless steel tools and the depth and location of collection were marked. For plant tissue samples, stems were taken from the middle of the main and side branches, and leaves were taken from the top leaves of new shoots. After collection, they were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen tanks or refrigerated with ice packs and transported to the laboratory.

[0007] S2. Soil and plant analysis: detect the content of elements in the soil; analyze the levels of chemical elements in various parts of the plant;

[0008] S3. Bacteria separation: Use the plate streak separation method to preliminarily determine the morphological type of the microorganisms through microscopic observation to separate the beneficial microorganisms;

[0009] S4. Material screening: testing carrier materials to make bacterial agents and evaluating the adsorption and protection performance of materials on microorganisms;

[0010] S5. Processing of organic raw materials: Collect discarded dragon fruit branches and pomace in the plantation; perform preliminary cleaning on the collected branches to remove attached soil, weeds, residual leaves and impurities;

[0011] S6. Fertilization ratio: Preliminarily determine the ratio of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer components based on the nutritional needs of young trees; adjust the requirements for flower bud differentiation and fruit setting of primary fruits; optimize the fruit quality; combine organic and inorganic compound fertilizers with microbial agents;

[0012] S7. Technology integration: Optimize the process and improve the technical details based on the growth cycle results.

[0013] Preferably, the sample collection in S1 comprises the following steps:

[0014] S101, collecting root soil: using a five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and the center of the plantation as sampling points, removing 0-5 cm of floating soil from the surface at the sampling points, and using a shovel to vertically take soil at a depth of 0-30 cm to ensure that soil samples of the root active layer are collected;

[0015] S102. Collect branches, leaves and roots as samples. Select strong new shoots of the current year, about 20-30 cm in length; select mature leaves, 3-5 leaves from each plant; select taproots and lateral roots from the root system, and try to keep the root system intact.

[0016] Preferably, the soil plant analysis in S2 comprises the following steps:

[0017] S201. Detecting the content of soil elements: Determine the content of trace elements of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The leaching solution is sucked into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the absorbance is measured at the characteristic wavelength of each element. The content is calculated according to the standard curve;

[0018] S202. Analyze the chemical element levels of the plants: Use the Kjeldahl method to determine the nitrogen content. Mix the plant powder with concentrated sulfuric acid and a catalyst and heat to digest it to convert the organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen. Then distill it with alkali solution, absorb it with boric acid, and titrate it with standard acid to calculate the nitrogen content.

[0019] Preferably, in S3, the plate streak separation method includes the following steps: taking an appropriate amount of soil sample 1g-2g, liquid sample 1ml-2ml or homogenate sample 1ml-2ml, respectively putting them into test tubes containing 9ml of sterile physiological saline for dilution to prepare sample suspensions with different dilutions of 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3, and then selecting and separating bacteria with nitrogen fixation ability, microorganisms that solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and fungal strains that secrete plant growth hormones under a microscope, and then culturing these strains in pure culture to improve the strain vigor and purity.

[0020] Preferably, the material screening in S4 adopts a mixture design to prepare the microbial agent, and the combination of different material proportions includes 30%-40% peat soil, 30%-40% vermiculite, and 10%-20% sodium alginate, and the effects on microbial adsorption and survival are observed; a three-factor mixture of peat soil, vermiculite, and sodium alginate is set up and mixed with the bacterial strain, so that the microorganisms are evenly attached to the surface of the carrier, ensuring that the microbial agent has high microbial activity and a long shelf life.

[0021] Preferably, the S5 organic raw material treatment comprises the following steps:

[0022] S501, collecting discarded pitaya branches and pomace, cleaning the collection point, and transporting the raw materials to the pretreatment site;

[0023] S502, removing large pieces of soil, sand and gravel, and impurities attached to the surface of the collected branches, and cleaning the outside of the branches by mechanical shaking, blowing or simple water washing.

[0024] Preferably, the S6 fertilization ratio comprises the following steps:

[0025] S601. According to the growth requirements of young trees, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 40%-50%; the root growth-promoting microbial agent is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the organic matter source includes treated peat soil and farmyard manure, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 10:8:10, and 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0026] S602, pitaya enters the initial fruiting stage, flower buds differentiate, and nutrient requirements change. The organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, and the phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent and the potassium-solubilizing microbial agent are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is optimized to 12:10:15, and 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced into the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0027] S603. In order to improve fruit quality and maintain soil fertility during the peak fruit-bearing period, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set at 30%-40%, and 0.6%-1% of the microbial agent is added according to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the phosphorus and potassium-dissolving microbial agents account for 40%-50%; disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial agents are added, accounting for 30%-40%; root-promoting microbial agents are added, accounting for 10%-20%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is precisely 15:12:20. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is supplemented with 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer.

[0028] Preferably, the process optimization technology in S7 includes the following steps: the mixing ratio of bacterial solution and carrier during physical adsorption is accurately set to 1:5, and the oscillation culture conditions are refined to 150r / min and room temperature for 2 hours to ensure uniform and stable attachment of microorganisms.

[0029] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the fertilization ratio for the growth period of pitaya.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention accurately grasps the nutritional status of soil and plants through sample collection and analysis, provides a scientific basis for fertilization, and avoids blind use of fertilizers. Bacteria separation and material screening are conducive to the creation of efficient microbial agents, and scientific proportions combined with agents enhance the soil's ability to provide fertilizers. Organic raw material processing realizes resource recycling and replenishes organic nutrients. Fertilization ratios are dynamically optimized according to the growth cycle, and fertilizers are accurately supplied. Technology integration integrates and improves each link to form an efficient closed loop. Ultimately, the fertilizer utilization rate is effectively improved, high-quality and high-yield dragon fruit is achieved, and the environment can be protected and the sustainable development of soil ecology is promoted.

[0032] 2. The present invention uses a five-point sampling method, selects the four corners and the center of the plantation as sampling points, removes the surface soil and takes soil at a depth of 0-30 cm, covers the entire layer and focuses on the root activity layer, solves the problem of one-sided collection and difficulty in accurately reflecting the root nutrient supply, avoids fertilizer mismatch, improves fertilizer utilization, and helps to produce high-quality and high-yield pitaya.

[0033] 3. The present invention adopts standard steps such as precisely controlling the sample amount, performing a series of gradient dilutions, fully oscillating and mixing, and repeatedly inoculating plates, and then using a low-power microscope to observe the colony morphology to determine the type of microorganism and screen beneficial bacteria, so that nitrogen in the soil is supplemented and insoluble nutrients are activated, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, reducing production costs, and solving the problem of declining soil fertility faced in traditional agricultural production.

[0034] 4. The present invention collects discarded dragon fruit branches and pomace in an orderly manner and transports them to a pretreatment site to avoid their random discarding, which wastes resources and pollutes the environment, thereby solving the problem of random disposal of waste. Large impurities on the branches are removed by mechanical shaking, blowing or washing, so that they can be better converted into usable raw materials, solving the problem that branches cannot be reused due to many impurities, recycling resources, reducing resource waste and environmental pollution, and at the same time, the treated branches can be made into organic fertilizer raw materials to supplement organic nutrients for the growth of dragon fruit and improve the quality of the fruit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Example:

[0038] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1. Sample collection: According to the growth cycle of pitaya, root soil was collected from multiple pitaya plantations. Soil layers at different depths were collected in layers. Soil was collected with stainless steel tools and the depth and location of collection were marked. For plant tissue samples, stems were taken from the middle of the main and side branches, and leaves were taken from the top leaves of new shoots. After collection, they were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen tanks or refrigerated with ice packs and transported to the laboratory.

[0040] S2. Soil and plant analysis: detect the content of elements in the soil; analyze the levels of chemical elements in various parts of the plant;

[0041] S3. Bacteria separation: Use the plate streak separation method to preliminarily determine the morphological type of the microorganisms through microscopic observation to separate the beneficial microorganisms;

[0042] S4. Material screening: testing carrier materials to make bacterial agents and evaluating the adsorption and protection performance of materials on microorganisms;

[0043] S5. Processing of organic raw materials: Collect discarded dragon fruit branches and pomace in the plantation; perform preliminary cleaning on the collected branches to remove attached soil, weeds, residual leaves and impurities;

[0044] S6. Fertilization ratio: Preliminarily determine the ratio of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer components based on the nutritional needs of young trees; adjust the requirements for flower bud differentiation and fruit setting of primary fruits; optimize the fruit quality; combine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with microbial agents;

[0045] S7. Technology integration: Optimize the process and improve the technical details based on the growth cycle results.

[0046] Specifically, root soil was collected from multiple pitaya plantations throughout the growth cycle of pitaya, and soil layers at different depths were collected in layers and marked with stainless steel tools. This is because pitaya roots absorb nutrients from soil at different depths differently at different growth stages, and accurate collection can reflect the true soil fertility at each stage. For plant tissue samples, stems were taken from the middle of the main and lateral branches, and leaves were taken from the top leaves of new shoots. These parts are sensitive to nutritional changes and can provide instant feedback on plant nutritional supply and demand information. After collection, they were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen tanks or refrigerated with ice packs and transported to the laboratory, thereby retaining the biological activity of the samples to the greatest extent and ensuring the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0047] By testing the content of elements inside the soil, we can fully understand the nutrient basis that the soil can provide for pitaya and know the shortcomings of soil fertility; by analyzing the levels of chemical elements in various parts of the plant, we can accurately grasp the current nutritional status of pitaya and determine whether the plant is over- or under-nourished, thereby providing scientific data support for subsequent fertilization adjustments.

[0048] Through the plate streak separation method, the morphological type of microorganisms is preliminarily determined through microscopic observation for separation. There are many microorganisms in the growth environment of pitaya, some of which are beneficial microorganisms that can help pitaya grow. Through this method, accurate screening can be carried out to tap into potential beneficial bacterial resources, laying the foundation for the subsequent preparation of microbial agents, enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant growth.

[0049] By testing the carrier material, the adsorption and protection performance of the material on microorganisms is evaluated. Suitable carrier materials can ensure the survival and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, create good conditions for them to play a role, so that microbial agents can act more efficiently on the growth of pitaya, and improve the effectiveness of the soil microbial ecosystem in promoting the growth of pitaya.

[0050] By optimizing the process and improving the technical details through the growth cycle of pitaya, the above-mentioned links are closely integrated, and continuous improvements are made based on feedback from different stages, so that the entire fertilization technology forms an organic and efficient closed-loop system. The entire process from sample collection and analysis to fertilization is precisely controlled, which solves the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate, achieves high-quality and high-yield pitaya, and allows growers to obtain higher economic benefits while maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of soil ecology.

[0051] The sample collection in S1 includes the following steps:

[0052] S101, collecting root soil: using a five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and the center of the plantation as sampling points, removing 0-5 cm of floating soil from the surface at the sampling points, and using a shovel to vertically take soil at a depth of 0-30 cm to ensure that soil samples of the root active layer are collected;

[0053] S102. Collect branches, leaves and roots as samples. Select strong new shoots of the current year, about 20-30 cm in length; select mature leaves, 3-5 leaves from each plant; select taproots and lateral roots from the root system, and try to keep the root system intact.

[0054] Specifically, the root soil is collected by using a five-point sampling method, and the four corners and the center of the plantation are selected as sampling points. This method can widely cover different areas of the plantation, collect representative soil samples in a balanced manner, and reflect the comprehensive characteristics of the soil in the entire plantation to the greatest extent. The sampling points remove the 0-5cm floating soil on the surface because this part of the soil is greatly disturbed by the external environment and the nutrients fluctuate significantly. After removal, the soil layer that the roots actually contact can be focused. Use a shovel to vertically take the soil at a depth of 0-30cm. This depth range accurately covers the active layer of the pitaya roots, thereby ensuring that the collected soil samples can truly reflect the nutrient status that can be absorbed and utilized by the roots, providing a reliable basis for subsequent soil fertility analysis, and solving the problem of one-sided soil sample collection and inability to accurately reflect the root nutrient supply.

[0055] Through targeted sample selection, we can accurately control the nutritional dynamics of pitaya plants from multiple organizational dimensions, provide comprehensive and accurate data support for the formulation of scientific fertilization strategies, and solve the problem of misjudgment of plant nutrition due to improper selection of plant samples, which in turn causes fertilizer mismatch and low utilization rate.

[0056] The soil plant analysis in S2 comprises the following steps:

[0057] S201. Detecting the content of soil elements: Determine the content of trace elements of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The leaching solution is sucked into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the absorbance is measured at the characteristic wavelength of each element. The content is calculated according to the standard curve;

[0058] S202. Analyze the chemical element levels of the plants: Use the Kjeldahl method to determine the nitrogen content. Mix the plant powder with concentrated sulfuric acid and a catalyst and heat to digest it to convert the organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen. Then distill it with alkali solution, absorb it with boric acid, and titrate it with standard acid to calculate the nitrogen content.

[0059] Specifically, the spectrophotometer can be used to accurately quantify soil trace elements, clarify the reserve situation, and solve the problems of blind trace element fertilization and low fertilizer utilization rate due to inaccurate detection.

[0060] The nitrogen content of the plant is determined by the Kjeldahl method, and combined with the analysis of other elements, the nutritional surplus and deficit can be understood, thus solving the problem of random fertilization without knowing the plant's needs and waste of fertilizer.

[0061] In the S3, the plate streak separation method includes the following steps: taking an appropriate amount of soil sample 1g-2g, liquid sample 1ml-2ml or homogenate sample 1ml-2ml, respectively putting them into test tubes containing 9ml of sterile physiological saline for dilution to prepare sample suspensions with different dilutions of 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3, and then selecting and separating bacteria with nitrogen fixation ability, microorganisms that solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and fungal strains that secrete plant growth hormones under a microscope, and then culturing these strains in pure culture to improve the vitality and purity of the strains.

[0062] Specifically, take 1g-2g of soil, 1ml-2ml of liquid or homogenate sample, put it into a 9ml sterile saline test tube for dilution, and make 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 suspensions, which can disperse the microorganisms and facilitate subsequent separation. With the help of a microscope, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms, and fungal species that secrete plant growth hormones are selected according to their morphological characteristics. They are essential for plant growth. The selected strains are pure cultured and suitable conditions are provided according to their characteristics, such as nitrogen-free culture medium for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Through this rigorous process, accurate screening of growth-promoting microbial strains can be achieved, solving the problems of slow improvement of soil fertility, dependence on chemical fertilizers, and ecological damage due to the lack of fine separation methods.

[0063] The material screening in S4 adopts a mixed design to prepare the microbial agent, and the different material proportion combinations include 30%-40% peat soil, 30%-40% vermiculite, and 10%-20% sodium alginate, and the effects on microbial adsorption and survival are observed; a three-factor mixture of peat soil, vermiculite, and sodium alginate is set up and mixed with the bacterial strain to make the microorganisms evenly adhere to the surface of the carrier, ensuring that the microbial agent has high microbial activity and a long shelf life.

[0064] Specifically, the material ratio is limited, 30%-40% peat soil can provide nutrients for microorganisms, 30%-40% vermiculite is water-retaining and breathable, and 10%-20% sodium alginate helps microorganisms attach. The three are mixed to make a variety of carriers. Then, the beneficial bacteria are inoculated on it, and the environment is simulated for cultivation to observe the adsorption and survival of microorganisms to ensure that the bacterial agent has high activity and a long shelf life. Through the process, the selection of suitable material combinations can be achieved to solve the problems of blind selection of materials for the preparation of bacterial agents, poor microbial attachment, short survival, affecting crop growth, and increasing costs.

[0065] The S5 organic raw material processing comprises the following steps:

[0066] S501, collecting discarded pitaya branches and pomace, cleaning the collection point, and transporting the raw materials to the pretreatment site;

[0067] S502, removing large pieces of soil, sand and gravel, and impurities attached to the surface of the collected branches, and cleaning the outside of the branches by mechanical shaking, blowing or simple water washing.

[0068] Specifically, by collecting discarded pitaya branches and pomace, the waste biomass resources in the plantation are effectively recycled, which solves the problem of arbitrary disposal of waste in the past, which wastes resources and damages the ecological environment. A large number of branches and pomace will be produced during the pitaya planting process. If they are discarded at will, it will not only cause waste of resources but also pollute the environment. By preliminarily purifying the discarded branches, the foundation is laid for their conversion into high-quality organic fertilizer raw materials or other usable forms, which solves the problem that the branches cannot be effectively reused due to excessive impurities and cannot supplement organic nutrients for the growth of pitaya.

[0069] The S6 fertilization ratio comprises the following steps:

[0070] S601. According to the growth requirements of young trees, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 40%-50%; the root growth-promoting microbial agent is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the organic matter source includes treated peat soil and farmyard manure, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 10:8:10, and 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0071] S602, pitaya enters the initial fruiting stage, flower buds differentiate, and nutrient requirements change. The organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, and the phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent and the potassium-solubilizing microbial agent are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is optimized to 12:10:15, and 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced into the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer;

[0072] S603. In order to improve fruit quality and maintain soil fertility during the peak fruit-bearing period, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set at 30%-40%, and 0.6%-1% of the microbial agent is added according to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the phosphorus and potassium-dissolving microbial agents account for 40%-50%; disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial agents are added, accounting for 30%-40%; root-promoting microbial agents are added, accounting for 10%-20%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is precisely 15:12:20. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is supplemented with 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer.

[0073] Specifically, according to the growth needs of young trees, the organic matter content in organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is determined to be 40%-50%, and treated peat soil and farmyard manure are selected as organic matter sources. They can improve soil structure, increase water and fertilizer retention capacity, and create a good growth environment for the roots of young trees. Root-promoting microbial agents are combined with organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, and the added content is 1%-1.5% of the weight of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers. Root-promoting microbial agents can be closely combined with the roots of young trees, greatly expanding the absorption range of the roots, stimulating root cell division and elongation, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is set to 10:8:10. Nitrogen helps young trees to quickly shoot and grow leaves, phosphorus ensures root development and enhances stress resistance, and potassium synergistically improves the plant's stress resistance level; 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added. Boron promotes cell wall synthesis and pollen tube germination, and zinc participates in auxin synthesis. This ensures that comprehensive and appropriate nutrients are provided to young trees based on their growth characteristics, solving the problems of blind fertilization and unbalanced nutrients during the young tree period, which lead to slow growth of young trees and susceptibility to diseases.

[0074] When pitaya enters the initial fruiting stage, the growth focus shifts to flower bud differentiation, and the nutrient demand changes. At this time, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, and the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial agents and potassium-solubilizing microbial agents are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. Phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing microbial agents can help release the phosphorus and potassium nutrients required for flower bud differentiation and early fruit development, and make room for the fast-acting nutrients required for flower bud differentiation; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is optimized to 12:10:15, nitrogen and potassium improve the quality of flower buds and the stress resistance of flowers, and phosphorus helps the early development of fruits; 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced, which can be directly absorbed by the leaves, enhance photosynthetic efficiency, and protect flowers and fruits. This achieves the precise satisfaction of the special nutrient needs of the initial fruiting period and solves the problems of poor flower bud differentiation and low fruit setting rate due to improper fertilization at this stage.

[0075] During the peak fruit-bearing period, the goal is to improve fruit quality and maintain soil fertility. The organic matter content of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set at 30%-40% to ensure the activity of soil microorganisms and prevent compaction. According to the weight of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, 0.6%-1% of microbial agents are added; phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving microbial agents account for 40%-50%; disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial agents are added, accounting for 30%-40%; root-promoting microbial agents are added, accounting for 10%-20%. Phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving microbial agents can continuously provide phosphorus and potassium nutrients for the fruit, while disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial agents can protect the fruit from disease invasion and ensure high-quality output. Root-promoting microbial agents can maintain a certain vitality of the root system and ensure the growth of pitaya during the peak fruiting period. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is precisely 15:12:20. Nitrogen makes the fruit full, phosphorus consolidates the quality and enhances storage resistance, and potassium promotes sugar accumulation; 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer are added. Calcium prevents cracking and increases hardness, and magnesium participates in the accumulation of photosynthetic products. This achieves an all-round improvement of fruit quality and solves the problems of unreasonable fertilization during the peak fruiting period, poor fruit quality, and declining soil fertility.

[0076] The optimized process technology in S7 includes the following steps: the mixing ratio of bacterial solution and carrier during physical adsorption is accurately set to 1:5, and the oscillation culture conditions are refined to 150r / min and room temperature for 2 hours to ensure uniform and stable attachment of microorganisms.

[0077] Specifically, the mixing ratio of bacterial solution and carrier during physical adsorption is precisely set to 1:5. This precise ratio is based on a large amount of previous experimental data and scientific theoretical derivation. By strictly controlling the amount of bacterial solution and carrier, the microorganisms have sufficient and suitable attachment sites in the initial stage of contact with the carrier, avoiding uneven distribution of microorganisms or ineffective attachment due to excessive or insufficient bacterial solution. The oscillation culture conditions are refined to 150r / min and room temperature for 2 hours. The oscillation speed of 150r / min can continuously create a dynamic environment for full contact between microorganisms and carriers without damaging the cell structure of microorganisms, and promote the microorganisms to be evenly dispersed on the surface of the carrier; the room temperature condition fits the suitable temperature range for the growth of most beneficial microorganisms, maintaining their physiological activity, and the 2-hour duration ensures that the microorganisms have enough time to complete the stable attachment process. Through this process optimization of physical adsorption, the standardization and efficiency of the preparation process of microbial inoculants are achieved, allowing microorganisms to be evenly and stably attached to the carrier in the most ideal state. This solves the problem that due to extensive technology in the past, microorganisms were not stably attached to the carrier and were unevenly distributed, which resulted in the inability to fully play their role in improving the soil and promoting plant growth when used in pitaya cultivation.

[0078] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Sample collection: According to the growth cycle of pitaya, root soil was collected from multiple pitaya plantations. Soil layers at different depths were collected in layers. The soil was collected using stainless steel tools and the collection depth and location were marked. Plant tissue samples were collected from the middle of the main and side branches of the stems and the top leaves of the new shoots. They were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen tanks or refrigerated in ice packs and transported to the laboratory. S2. Soil and plant analysis: detect the content of elements in the soil; analyze the levels of chemical elements in various parts of the plant; S3. Bacteria separation: Use the plate streak separation method to preliminarily determine the morphological type of the microorganisms through microscopic observation to separate the beneficial microorganisms; S4. Material screening: testing carrier materials to make bacterial agents and evaluating the adsorption and protection performance of materials on microorganisms; S5. Processing of organic raw materials: Collect discarded dragon fruit branches and pomace in the plantation; perform preliminary cleaning on the collected branches to remove attached soil, weeds, residual leaves and impurities; S6. Fertilization ratio: Preliminarily determine the ratio of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer components based on the nutritional needs of young trees; adjust the requirements for flower bud differentiation and fruit setting of primary fruits; combine organic and inorganic compound fertilizers with microbial agents to optimize fruit quality; S7. Technology integration: Optimize the process and improve the technical details based on the growth cycle results.

2. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample collection in S1 includes the following steps: S101, collecting root soil: using a five-point sampling method, selecting four corners and the center of the plantation as sampling points, removing 0-5 cm of floating soil from the surface at the sampling points, and using a shovel to vertically take soil at a depth of 0-30 cm to ensure that soil samples of the root active layer are collected; S102. Collect branches, leaves and roots as samples. Select strong new shoots of the current year, about 20-30 cm in length; select mature leaves, 3-5 leaves from each plant; select taproots and lateral roots from the root system, and try to keep the root system intact.

3. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil plant analysis in S2 comprises the following steps: S201. Detecting the content of soil elements: Determine the content of trace elements of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The leaching solution is sucked into the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the absorbance is measured at the characteristic wavelength of each element. The content is calculated according to the standard curve; S202. Analyze the chemical element levels of the plants: Use the Kjeldahl method to determine the nitrogen content. Mix the plant powder with concentrated sulfuric acid and a catalyst and heat to digest it to convert the organic nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen. Then distill it with alkali solution, absorb it with boric acid, and titrate it with standard acid to calculate the nitrogen content.

4. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S3, the plate streak separation method includes the following steps: taking an appropriate amount of soil sample 1g-2g, liquid sample 1ml-2ml or homogenate sample 1ml-2ml, respectively putting them into test tubes containing 9ml of sterile physiological saline for dilution to prepare sample suspensions with different dilutions of 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3, and then selecting and separating bacteria with nitrogen fixation ability, microorganisms that solubilize phosphorus and potassium, and fungal strains that secrete plant growth hormones under a microscope, and then culturing these strains in pure culture to improve the vitality and purity of the strains.

5. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material screening in S4 adopts a mixed design to prepare the microbial agent, and the different material proportion combinations include 30%-40% peat soil, 30%-40% vermiculite, and 10%-20% sodium alginate, and the effects on microbial adsorption and survival are observed; a three-factor mixture of peat soil, vermiculite, and sodium alginate is set up and mixed with the bacterial strain to make the microorganisms evenly adhere to the surface of the carrier, ensuring that the microbial agent has high microbial activity and a long shelf life.

6. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 organic raw material processing comprises the following steps: S501, collecting discarded pitaya branches and pomace, cleaning the collection point, and transporting the raw materials to the pretreatment site; S502, removing large pieces of soil, sand and gravel, and impurities attached to the surface of the collected branches, and cleaning the outside of the branches by mechanical shaking, blowing or simple water washing.

7. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 fertilization ratio comprises the following steps: S601. According to the growth requirements of young trees, the organic matter content in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 40%-50%; the root growth-promoting microbial agent is combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 1%-1.5% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the organic matter source includes treated peat soil and farmyard manure, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set to 10:8:10, and 0.2%-0.3% of boron and zinc trace elements are added to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; S602, pitaya enters the initial fruiting stage, flower buds differentiate, and nutrient requirements change. The organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is adjusted to 35%-45%, and the phosphate-solubilizing microbial agent and the potassium-solubilizing microbial agent are combined with the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the added content is 0.8%-1.2% of the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is optimized to 12:10:15, and 1%-2% of amino acid foliar fertilizer is introduced into the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; S603. In order to improve fruit quality and maintain soil fertility during the peak fruit-bearing period, the organic matter content of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is set at 30%-40%, and 0.6%-1% of the microbial agent is added according to the weight of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the phosphorus and potassium-dissolving microbial agents account for 40%-50%; disease-preventing and antibacterial microbial agents are added, accounting for 30%-40%; root-promoting microbial agents are added, accounting for 10%-20%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is precisely 15:12:

20. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is supplemented with 2%-3% of calcium fertilizer and 1%-2% of magnesium fertilizer.

8. A method for optimizing the fertilization ratio during the growth period of pitaya according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimized process technology in S7 includes the following steps: the mixing ratio of bacterial solution and carrier during physical adsorption is accurately set to 1:5, and the oscillation culture conditions are refined to 150r / min and room temperature for 2 hours to ensure uniform and stable attachment of microorganisms.

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