Dual layer grid sandwich film type tobacco seedling raising device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a double-layer grid sandwich film type tobacco seedling raising device and method. The seedling raising device is made of resin and glass fiber material, and comprises an upper layer grid, a middle layer film and a lower layer grid. The upper layer grid is filled with substrates and seeds for seedling raising. The middle layer film is used for forming gravity water holes between the upper and lower layers and water permeable pores in the same layer. The lower layer grid is integrally paved and filled with fine soil and disinfectant. The upper layer grid and the middle layer film form a root system growth environment of the type of 'upper grid, lower hole and middle permeation', and the lower layer grid forms a seedling raising platform of the type of 'flat and heat preservation'. The application solves the problems of the existing seedling pool, such as difficult leveling, easy damage, small root system volume, great water and fertilizer waste, great disease risk and great labor intensity, and has the advantages of improving seedling raising quality and efficiency, reducing cost, outstanding economic effect and the like. The application can also be used for other plug seedling intensive seedling raising.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tobacco seedling raising, and particularly relates to a double-layer grid film clamping type tobacco seedling raising device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of modern agricultural seedling raising, the existing technology has many drawbacks.

[0003] Firstly, the cost of seedling raising facilities is high, and the input cost of seedling raising trays is considerable and the loss is large. Taking tobacco seedling raising as an example, both the floating seedling raising and the wet seedling raising rely on special seedling raising trays. The floating seedling raising tray is made of foam material, which is easy to oxidize and damage. The normal service life is only about 3 years. In the actual operation process of seedling raising, even if it is only partially damaged, it often can only be discarded as a whole, which undoubtedly causes great waste of resources. And the wet seedling raising tray is usually made of black plastic material, which has poor oxidation resistance in high temperature environment and is easy to be oxidized and deformed or damaged. And the water tray matched with it is easy to be damaged and leak in the seedling raising shed due to topographic factors, and its service life is also only 2-3 years. According to the standard of 1200 plants per mu, the cost of seedling raising tray is about 12-15 yuan. The basic principle of these two seedling raising methods is the large hole small hole mode. The seedling raising tray is filled with peat, vermiculite and other soilless culture substrates. After sowing, the seedling raising tray is placed in the water bed or nutrient solution. The seedling raising tray is provided with small holes at the bottom to enable the plant roots to absorb water and nutrients smoothly.

[0004] Secondly, the volume of the seedling hole of the existing seedling raising technology is small, which directly leads to the limitation of the root surface area and volume, and the seedling quality is difficult to reach the ideal state. The current seedling raising tray is mostly designed as large hole small hole and square pyramid, which makes the growth space of the root system extremely limited and the root system development is seriously hindered. For example, the disc type seedling raising used in floating seedling raising and wet seedling raising has an upper hole of 28mm * 28mm square and a lower hole of 12mm * 12mm square, and the water outlet diameter in the middle of the lower hole is only 3mm, and the pyramid height is 40mm. In such a seedling raising tray environment, the maximum volume of the root system and the substrate during the seedling period is only 15-20cm³. When the tobacco seedlings are seedlings, the root system volume is small and the surface area is insufficient, which is a key factor for the long seedling period of tobacco seedlings. At the same time, due to the small growth system of the root system, the root system will be disordered and wrapped during the growth process, which is not only not conducive to the deep planting of tobacco seedlings, but also makes them more vulnerable to disease and insect damage, which seriously affects the subsequent growth and development of tobacco seedlings and the survival rate after transplanting.

[0005] Furthermore, the existing seedling raising technology has serious defects in water and fertilizer management, which is manifested in that water and fertilizer waste is extremely serious and the management labor amount is huge. On the one hand, the seedling raising pool has extremely high requirements for the levelness of the pool bottom. Whether the seedling raising pool or the seedling raising tray is used, the pool bottom needs to be kept as level as possible, so as to ensure that the seedling raising tray floats stably or has consistent water intake. However, in actual operation, a large amount of manpower is needed to achieve this high-precision pool bottom levelness requirement. Especially after the seedling raising shed is used to plant other crops, if the seedling raising state is to be restored, a large amount of manpower needs to be invested to re-level the pool bottom. On the other hand, in the seedling raising management process, the amount of water and fertilizer applied is far more than the actual demand of tobacco seedlings, and a large amount of water and fertilizer is wasted. In some tobacco areas, there is a situation of temporary drought leading to water shortage. The nutrition and water in the early stage of seedling raising are supplied through the pool bottom or the tray, and the amount of water and fertilizer added in the pool or tray is often far more than the demand of seedling raising. In the later stage of seedling raising, a dry-wet alternating environment is needed, but the seedling raising pool is difficult to meet this requirement. In order to achieve the purpose of seedling raising, manual control needs to be increased, which undoubtedly will further aggravate the water shortage situation in the seedling raising season. Even the improved wet seedling raising (ground cloth type seedling raising), the nutrition solution in the later stage is supplied from the upper part of the tray surface. Once the nutrition solution is slightly larger than the water holding capacity of the substrate, it will all flow away from the small holes. This not only causes the waste of water and fertilizer resources, but also needs a large amount of manpower or updated equipment for leaf spraying, thereby leading to a substantial increase in labor amount or equipment investment.

[0006] In addition, the existing seedling raising technology also leads to high humidity in the seedling raising shed, and the disease and pest control management work is not only laborious but also time-consuming, and the risk of diseases and pests is significantly increased. Firstly, the disinfection work of the old seedling raising tray is extremely difficult. Usually, 1%-2% formalin solution or 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate is sprayed, and then film is covered for fumigation for 1-2 days, and then it is washed clean with clean water; or 0.5% or 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate solution is soaked for 4 hours, and then it is washed clean with clean water. However, due to the structure and material of the seedling raising tray with large holes and small holes, there are some areas that cannot be directly disinfected or are difficult to naturally eliminate bacteria. The disinfectant cannot completely infiltrate these parts, so it is difficult to achieve complete disinfection, which lays a hidden danger for the breeding of diseases and pests. Secondly, when the pool bottom is directly covered with mulch for isolation after killing insects or disinfecting, it is directly supported on the soil or ground, and the soil condition of the pool bottom is complex, often containing stones or debris, which is extremely easy to cause the film bottom to be punctured. Once the film bottom is damaged, not only the material will be lost, but also the risk of disease and pest transmission will be increased, which seriously threatens the safety of the whole seedling raising environment.

[0007] Finally, the use of lightweight materials for the seedling tray also brings a series of problems. Due to insufficient longitudinal hardness or bearing capacity, it cannot support the weight of personnel crossing the tray surface during farming operations, so operation rows must be reserved. These operation rows account for about 5-10% of the area of the seedling shed, which directly leads to a significant reduction in the utilization rate of the seedling shed. Moreover, due to the existence of operation rows, farming operations need to be repeated during the seedling process, such as deep squatting, bending over, stretching arms, and stepping, which can easily cause laborers to feel tired, greatly increasing the fatigue level of farming operations. For example, for the work of spacing and fixing seedlings, about 800 yuan of labor costs are required for 100,000 plants. Although the labor intensity of operations such as leaf trimming and daily application of water and fertilizer is not high, the labor is confined to the operation rows, the labor scope is large, and laborers are also easily tired, which not only affects work efficiency but also causes certain damage to the health of laborers. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application provides a double-layer grid sandwich membrane type tobacco seedling device and method. It solves the problems of existing seedling pool leveling difficulty, seedling tray damage, small root volume, large water and fertilizer waste, high disease risk, and large labor intensity, and has the advantages of improving seedling quality and efficiency, reducing cost, and outstanding economic effect. It can also be used for other plug-type intensive seedling.

[0009] The technical scheme for achieving the purpose of the present application is a double-layer grid sandwich membrane type tobacco seedling device, which includes an upper grid, a middle membrane, and a lower grid. The grid is made of resin and glass fiber material. The upper grid is used for filling the substrate and sowing. The middle membrane is laid on the lower grid to form interstitial gravity water pockets and interstitial water-permeable pores. The lower grid is used for overall paving and filling with fine soil and disinfection. The upper grid and the middle membrane form the root growth environment, and the lower grid forms the shaped seedling platform.

[0010] Further, the grid uses a square hole with a single hole diameter of 28-30mm, a grid hole spacing thickness of 3-3.5mm, a lower grid thickness of 28-30mm, an upper grid thickness of 35-38mm, a single piece of grid with about 30 holes on a single side, and a single piece of grid with an area of about 1m2 in the form of a square or a rectangle.

[0011] Further, the lower grid has a connecting device on four sides. The connecting device includes a positioning groove and a T-shaped buckle, a positioning groove and an "H"-shaped buckle, or a back-shaped buckle.

[0012] In the positioning groove and the T-shaped buckle, multiple staggered T-shaped buckles or "double T"-shaped buckles are provided on the side edges, and the T-shaped buckle is directly clamped on the positioning groove for fixation.

[0013] In the positioning slot and the "H" type buckle, a single positioning slot is arranged at the corresponding position of the adjacent grid edge, the "H" type buckle is used to clamp the two slots of the grid, and the "H" buckle is horizontally arranged without exposing the surface of the grid after rotating 90 degrees.

[0014] In the back type buckle, double positioning slots are arranged at the corresponding positions of the adjacent grid edges, and the back type buckle is directly fixed on the two positioning slots.

[0015] A double-layer grid film clamping type tobacco seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0016] Lower grid erection: The whole lower grid is paved, and the buckle is clamped to directly pave the first layer grid in the seedling pool to ensure the stability and levelness of the grid; the lower grid holes are filled with fine soil, the coarse soil is first filled to about 60% of the grid hole, and then the fine soil is filled to the flat hole after screening, and a small amount of solid insecticide can be mixed in the fine soil; the gravity water nest is pressed, a depression hole is formed in each square grid by using a hole presser, and then the lower grid is disinfected by applying a disinfectant;

[0017] Middle film laying: A layer of black agricultural film with a thickness of 0.015-0.020 mm is laid on the bottom grid, and the film size is equivalent to the unit seedling pool; water is sprayed to form a gravity water nest after the film is laid;

[0018] Upper grid erection: After the agricultural film is laid, the second layer of seedling grid is directly erected and aligned with the lower layer, and is fixed by the clamping hole;

[0019] Seeding and seedling raising management method: The upper grid is filled with seedling substrate and seeded, and the seedlings are cracked by watering according to the conventional wetting seedling method, and the subsequent operations such as seeding and seedling raising management are completed;

[0020] Post-seedling management: After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the upper and lower grids are directly removed, cleaned and stored, the seedling pool is simply restored to the required state, and the grid is conventionally soaked and disinfected before seedling.

[0021] Further, the hole pressing tool adopts a roller type hole presser or a rake type hole presser, the roller type hole presser is installed or inlaid with a hole presser pad on a roller-shaped object, and a long handle is added for dragging type hole pressing; the rake type hole presser is installed with a long handle on a flat hole presser, and directly presses the grid from top to bottom in sequence.

[0022] Further, when filling the substrate, the worker directly stands on the second layer grid to operate by wearing a simple shoe cover, and fills the substrate and seeds.

[0023] Further, the improved seeder is used for seeding, 80% of the rows are seeded with one seed, and the other 20% of the rows are seeded with two seeds.

[0024] Further, in the process of seedling raising, the actual production bench is directly placed on the cross intersection of the grid, and the height of the bench is appropriate to not press the tobacco seedlings.

[0025] The problem solved by the invention:

[0026] 1. Solve the problem of horizontal labor in the seedling pool: take advantage of the light weight, high hardness and grid shape of the lower grid, "three-point positioning + tile type" paving, solve the problem of uneven seedling pool, and save labor and effort in installation and removal.

[0027] 2. Help heat exchange and improve substrate temperature: fill the lower grid holes with fine soil to improve the temperature of the substrate and nutrient solution by using the heat capacity of fine soil and the ground temperature exchange effect, which is beneficial to seed germination and root development.

[0028] 3. Solve the problem of easy damage to the tray and small root volume: use the grid as a seedling tray, which has low material loss, and the right-angle well type hole improves the root surface area and volume, improves the quality of seedling roots, and shortens the time of returning seedlings.

[0029] 4. Improve the utilization rate and balance of nutrient solution: the gravity water nest design preserves fertilizer and soil moisture, and the grid sandwich film can guide excess nutrient solution, which can effectively reduce the difference between grids, ensure the consistency of the substrate and nutrients, and improve the balance.

[0030] 5. Solve the problem of labor efficiency in seedling raising: optimize seeding, adding nutrient solution, thinning, pruning, and seedling training operations, reduce the labor of whole pool leveling, water and fertilizer frequency, and labor intensity, and improve seedling efficiency.

[0031] The main innovation of the patent

[0032] 1. Successfully introduced new materials into the field of tobacco seedling raising device:

[0033] The seedling device is made of high-quality materials, which is completely different from the existing tobacco seedling tray materials. The seedling grid of the present application is made of resin and glass fiber (yarn) composite, with a density less than 2 kg per cubic decimeter (only 1 / 4 of steel); its strength is 10 times that of plastic (hard polyvinyl chloride), at the same time, the grid has slight elasticity and buffering property, strong corrosion resistance, good durability and stability, and incomparable superiority in the field of corrosion prevention, strong oxidation resistance in soil or other conditions, good water resistance, maintenance-free, good corrosion resistance and water resistance, can resist the erosion of rainwater, long-term use without corrosion and rust, theoretically its service life is more than 50 years, the service life in production is more than 10 years, compared with the traditional seedling tray, it is significantly prolonged, and the long-term operation cost is effectively reduced. The grid material surface is smooth, and the grid shape makes it difficult for dirt to adhere, so it is easy to clean, and can be washed clean with water or detergent, and it is also convenient for disinfection or air drying storage. The material has various colors, neat and bright color, uniform color inside and outside, and will not fade, which is convenient for classification and management of different varieties, different growth periods, and different periods of seedling, different varieties can also be distinguished by different colors. The grid color is rich and bright, which can be used to distinguish different time, different variety, different person, and is convenient for operation competition and quality competition, and can improve the seedling efficiency. The tobacco seedling season is only 3 months, and the grid of such material can also be used in other plant management in non-seedling season, such as landscaping, rural tourism simple road paving, which can realize one thing multiple use or sharing of special device.

[0034] 2. Research and application of innovative seedling method

[0035] The present application focuses on solving many difficult problems existing in the current seedling raising technology. In the preparation of the seedling field, the unique way of "three-point positioning + brick type" laying the lower grid is adopted, which has the obvious advantages of easy to find the level, greatly saving the labor cost and time input compared with the traditional method. The way of filling "coarse soil + fine soil + medicine" in the grid, the single hole volume of the lower grid is small, only needs to fill less than 50g of soil per hole, the source is extensive, simple and easy to operate, reduces the filling labor, ensures the uniformity of the grid, and ensures the uniformity of the gravity water nest volume in all directions. The grid is connected by using snap design, which is simple and stable to install and remove. In terms of substrate filling, compared with the complex and tedious operation process in the past, this method directly operates on the grid, which greatly reduces the labor intensity and ensures the uniformity of the grid, and significantly improves the work efficiency. At the same time, in the aspect of disease and pest control, the new method shows excellent effect, through the optimization of design and process, the grid is a physical barrier, which effectively blocks the migration of pests and pathogens in the soil, and adds the disease and pest control medicine, which can more efficiently prevent and control diseases and pests, and provides a solid guarantee for the healthy growth of seedling. In addition, this method can also effectively improve the substrate temperature, the agricultural film directly isolates the soil and the substrate, which is different from the multi-level medium isolation of the film and water in the conventional method, which is beneficial to the direct heat exchange between the soil and the substrate, and creates more suitable environmental conditions for seed germination and seedling growth. In terms of root development, the volume of the seedling hole and the root surface area are increased through innovative design, compared with the commonly used tobacco floating seedling tray, the surface area and volume of single root are increased by 40% and 70% respectively, which enables the root to have more space for growth, thereby significantly increasing the root volume and surface area, which not only facilitates the absorption of nutrients and water by the seedling, but also enhances the stress resistance of the seedling and improves its survival rate. In water and fertilizer management, the new seedling raising method can accurately control the water and fertilizer supply, greatly improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce resource waste, and realize the concept of sustainable development and high-quality development of seedling raising.

[0036] 3. Significant economic and resource benefits:

[0037] The seedling raising method has outstanding economic effect. First, the seedling raising grid and the agricultural film can be reused, which greatly reduces the one-time material investment cost in the seedling raising process. The traditional seedling tray often needs to be replaced after being used for several times, while the seedling raising grid and the agricultural film of the present application can be recycled multiple times after proper treatment and maintenance, thereby reducing the long-term material procurement cost. For example, the material cost of a floating tray is 10.8 yuan per 1000 seedlings (calculated for 3 years), and the material cost of a wet seedling tray is 12.4 yuan per 1000 seedlings (calculated for 4 years); the material cost of the present application is 6-7 yuan per 1000 seedlings (calculated for 8 years), and the seedling raising device can reduce the material input by more than 20%. Second, the labor cost is reduced, and the optimization of multiple links such as substrate filling, site leveling and pest control makes the whole seedling raising process more simple and efficient, thereby reducing the need for manual intervention and labor cost. According to the calculation, in the seedling raising of tobacco leaves, the labor for leveling, substrate filling, seeding, thinning and leaf cutting can be reduced by more than 1.5 per shed (100 mu of seedling raising), and the labor cost can be reduced by more than 200 yuan. Third, the single seedling water hole has a capacity of 3 cm3, which can alleviate the labor of high-frequency nutrient solution addition, improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the waste of water and fertilizer, and reduce the agricultural material cost in the seedling raising process. Under the background of increasing water resource shortage and fluctuating fertilizer prices, this advantage is particularly important. In summary, this seedling raising method can significantly reduce the total cost of seedling raising and improve the economic benefit under the premise of ensuring the quality of seedling raising.

[0038] 4. Dual improvement of seedling raising quality and efficiency

[0039] In terms of improving the quality of seedling raising, the increased volume of the seedling hole provides sufficient growth space for the root system of the seedling, and the root system can grow more freely. The increase in volume and surface area helps to better absorb nutrients and water, thereby promoting the healthy growth of the seedling. This enables the seedling to adapt to the new environment more quickly after transplanting, significantly shortens the time of seedling recovery, reduces the seedling recovery period after transplanting, and improves the transplanting survival rate. According to the observation, the tobacco seedling recovery time after transplanting can be shortened by 2-3 days. In terms of efficiency improvement, the number of seedlings per unit seedling shed is increased by optimizing the seedling raising process and design. For example, the brick-type laying of the grid and the efficient space utilization design enable the seedling shed to accommodate more seedling areas, maximize the number of seedlings in a limited space, and improve the utilization rate of the seedling site, providing strong support for large-scale seedling production. According to the actual calculation, the reduction of seedling manual operation aisle can increase the seedling by about 5%.

[0040] 5. Convenient seedling management system

[0041] Another innovative highlight of the present application is to distinguish different seedling periods, varieties, etc. by grid color. In the actual seedling management process, the operator can quickly and accurately identify different batches, different varieties or seedlings at different growth stages according to the color of the grid, so as to carry out targeted management operations such as fertilization, watering, pest control, etc. This visual management method greatly simplifies the seedling management process, reduces the possibility of management errors, improves the overall management efficiency, and makes seedling management more scientific, accurate and convenient.

[0042] 6. Multi-dimensional technical improvement and innovation:

[0043] The present application involves the improvement and innovation of multiple key technologies. In the double-layer grid film clamping mode, the design is extremely flexible and can be adjusted according to different seedling requirements and environmental conditions. For example, according to the requirements of different crops for temperature, humidity and air permeability, the number of layers, thickness or material of the film clamping can be flexibly changed to achieve the best seedling environment regulation effect. At the same time, the unique bench design fully considers the work comfort and labor intensity of the operator. In the long process of seedling operation, the operator needs to frequently bend down, squat, etc., which is easy to cause fatigue, while the bench design allows the operator to work at an appropriate height, relieving physical fatigue and improving work efficiency, embodying the humanized design concept.

[0044] 7. Wide applicability and scalability:

[0045] The seedling method has wide application prospects and can be widely applied to other plug tray intensive seedling fields. Whether it is the seedling of vegetables, flowers or other economic crops, this innovative seedling method can be used for reference and adoption. Moreover, its flexibility also lies in the easy adjustment of grid specifications according to the growth characteristics and seedling requirements of different crops. For example, for crops with well-developed root systems, the size and depth of the grid holes can be increased; for crops sensitive to temperature, the grid material can be adjusted to better regulate temperature. This scalability enables the seedling method to adapt to diverse agricultural production needs, providing a universal and efficient solution for the development of modern agricultural seedling technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Single schematic diagram of double-layer grid film clamping type tobacco seedling device.

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic diagram after setting gravity water nest in double-layer grid film clamping type tobacco seedling device.

[0048] As shown in the figure, layer grid 1, middle layer film 2, lower layer grid 3, gravity water nest 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] 1. Grid specification selection, in the present application, the grid adopts a square hole, the single hole aperture length can be selected between 28-30mm, for example, the single hole length is selected as 28mm. The grid hole interval thickness is set as 3-3.5mm, such as 3mm. The lower layer grid thickness is 28-30mm, here 28mm is selected; the upper layer grid thickness is 35-38mm, 35mm can be selected. The single grid can be square or rectangular, when the square is selected, the number of holes on the single piece edge can be 20 or 30 holes, if 30 holes are selected, the edge length is about 933mm. Under such specifications, the single piece seedling quantity can reach 400, 600 or 900, for example, according to the above specifications, the single piece seedling quantity is about 600. Figure 1 In one embodiment, a double-layer grid sandwich film type tobacco seedling raising device includes an upper layer grid 1, a middle layer film 2 and a lower layer grid 3, the upper layer grid 1 is used for loading substrate and seeding, the middle layer film 2 is arranged on the lower layer grid and is used for forming hole interval gravity water pocket and interval water permeable pore, the lower layer grid 3 is used for overall paving and loading fine soil and disinfection; the upper layer grid 1 and the middle layer film 2 form a root system growth environment, and the lower layer grid 3 forms a type seedling raising platform.

[0050] 2. Connection device installation: for positioning grooves and T-shaped buckles, 3-4 staggered T-shaped buckles or "double T-shaped" buckles are arranged on the side edge of the lower layer grid. The positioning groove is about 4-5mm wide, for example, 4mm, and about 5-10mm deep, for example, 5mm. During installation, the T-shaped buckle is directly and accurately clamped on the positioning groove to realize the preliminary fixation of the grids. If the positioning groove and the "H-shaped" buckle are used, a single positioning groove is arranged at the corresponding position of the adjacent grid edge, and the groove width and depth are both about 4-5mm, for example, 4mm. After the "H-shaped" buckle is clamped behind the two pieces of grid, it is rotated by 90 degrees to make the "H-shaped" buckle horizontal and not exposed on the surface of the grid, so as to ensure the stable and aesthetic connection. When the back-shaped buckle is used, double positioning grooves are arranged at the corresponding position of the adjacent grid edge, and the groove width and depth are about 4-5mm, and the distance between the positioning grooves is 3-5cm, for example, 3cm. The back-shaped buckle with a long diameter of 3-5cm, for example, 3cm and a short diameter of 6mm is directly clamped on the two positioning grooves to tightly fix the grids together.

[0051] 3. Lower layer grid erection operation: when the lower layer grid is laid in the seedling raising pool in the "three-point positioning + brick laying" mode, the soil in the seedling raising pool is first leveled, and the leveling degree can be ensured by using simple measuring tools. Then, the lower layer grid is directly laid on the soil, and the horizontal position thereof is determined by using at least three supporting points, just like laying bricks. Due to the characteristics of the grid itself, a small amount of soil digging or filling operation can make it reach a basic horizontal state. For example, supporting points are arranged at a corner and the midpoints of two edges of a seedling raising pool, and the grid is adjusted to be stable.

[0052] When filling the lower layer grid holes with fine soil, first fill coarse soil to about 60% of the grid hole opening. For example, for holes with a single hole volume of less than 22 cm³ (using a 28 mm * 28 mm * 28 mm specification), first fill about 13 cm³ of coarse soil. Then fill the fine soil to the flat opening, and mix a small amount of solid insecticide into the fine soil in proportion, such as a pesticide for controlling soft-bodied pests such as wild snails and snails, to ensure that about 95% of the grid space is evenly filled.

[0053] As shown in Figure 2 When pressing the gravity water well 4, a hole presser is used for operation. If a roller-type hole presser is used, the hole presser pad is installed or inlaid on a roller-shaped object, such as a 30 cm diameter roller, and the handle is lengthened to about 1.5 m, and the operator holds the handle to pull and press the hole, ensuring that a sunken hole is formed in each square grid, with a hole diameter of 18-20 mm, such as 18 mm, and a depth of 13-5 mm, such as 13 mm, and the volume of the pressed gravity water well is about 4 cm³, and the carrying volume after the film is about 3 cm³. If a rake-type hole presser is used, a flat hole presser is directly installed with a long handle, such as a 1.2 m handle, and the operator directly presses the grid in sequence to press the hole. After pressing the hole, disinfectant is applied to the lower layer grid, such as a wettable powder of carbendazim, which is diluted at a ratio of 1:500 and sprayed for comprehensive disinfection.

[0054] 4. Middle film laying: Select black agricultural film with a thickness of 0.015-0.020 mm, such as 0.015 mm black film. According to the size of the unit seedling pool, cut the agricultural film to the appropriate size to ensure that the film can completely cover the lower layer grid with a certain amount of edge. Lay the film flat on the bottom layer grid, then evenly spray water to make the film tightly adhere to the grid. At this time, a gravity water well appears in the middle of each grid, with a volume of about 3 cubic centimeters, which can be used for water and fertilizer storage, reducing water and fertilizer waste.

[0055] 5. Upper layer grid erection: After the film is laid, the upper layer grid is directly erected on the film, ensuring that the upper layer grid is aligned with the lower layer grid, and the upper and lower layer holes correspond. Use a grid with the same size as the lower layer (single hole diameter 28-30 mm, such as 28 mm) and a thickness of 35-0 mm, such as 35 mm. After placing the upper layer grid, use a bayonet (such as a bayonet that matches the lower layer grid connection device) to fix it, ensuring that the upper layer grid is stable, providing a stable foundation for subsequent substrate filling and seeding.

[0056] 6. Sowing and seedling management: When filling the seedling substrate in the upper grid, the dry substrate filling method can be used. Workers wear simple shoe covers and directly stand on the second layer of grid to operate, freely walking to carry out substrate filling work, evenly filling the substrate into the grid holes, filling height is about 3 / 4 of the grid height, for example, for the upper grid of 35mm thick, the filling substrate height is about 26mm. Sowing is carried out using a simple sowing device, which is customized according to the size and size of each grid, for example, according to the 30*30 hole grid, the sowing device is customized, and when sowing, 1 seed is sown in 80% of the row, and 2 seeds are sown in the other 20% of the row, which is convenient for spacing and saving labor. After sowing, water is sprayed according to the conventional wet seedling method, for example, using atomizing nozzle, a small amount of water is sprayed at the evening of the day after sowing, keeping the substrate moist but not waterlogged.

[0057] During seedling, according to the actual production of bench, it is directly placed on the cross intersection of the grid, and the height of the bench is appropriate not to press the tobacco seedlings, for example, the height is 40cm, and the size is appropriate according to the operation habit, for example, the length of the table top is 40cm and the width is 30cm. Personnel can carry out agricultural operations on the bench, such as spacing seedlings, and the operator sits on the bench to observe the growth of tobacco seedlings and accurately remove weak or dense tobacco seedlings; when cutting leaves, standing on the bench can operate scissors more easily and reduce the labor amplitude. At the same time, the reserved operation aisle is reduced from 5-10% (such as 8%) of the original operation row to 2-5% (such as 3%) of the area of the seedling shed, increasing the seedling area and improving the seedling efficiency.

[0058] During seedling, the temperature and humidity of the seedling environment are measured regularly, such as once at 9am and 3pm every day, and the temperature is adjusted between 20-28℃ and the humidity is adjusted between 60-80% according to the growth stage of tobacco seedlings. When fertilizing, according to the growth of tobacco seedlings, dilute nitrogen fertilizer solution is applied every 3-5 days in the early stage of seedling, and the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is appropriately increased in the later stage, while attention is paid to timely watering to keep the substrate moist, and the water is appropriately controlled during the hardening stage to exercise the tobacco seedlings by dry-wet alternation.

[0059] 7. Post-Seedling Treatment: After the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, promptly remove the upper and lower grids. When removing, first loosen the connecting devices between the grids, such as unfastening the buckles or clasps, then carefully remove the grids one by one. Transport the removed grids to the cleaning area, first rinse off the surface soil and debris with clean water. For stubborn stains, use a soft brush to gently scrub, then soak in a water solution containing an appropriate amount of cleaning agent (such as dishwashing liquid) for about 30 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with clean water to ensure the grids are clean. Store the cleaned grids in a dry, well-ventilated warehouse, classify and stack them to avoid heavy pressure and damage, and prepare for the next seedling raising. At the same time, simply restore the seedling pool, such as leveling the land and removing residual debris, to restore it to the required state before seedling, so that the next round of seedling or other planting activities can be carried out. Before the next seedling, perform routine soaking and disinfection of the grids, such as soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 hours, then rinse thoroughly with clean water to ensure the hygiene and safety of the seedling environment.

Claims

1. A double-layer grid sandwich film type tobacco seedling raising device, characterized in that, The application relates to a seedling raising platform, which comprises an upper grid, a middle film and a lower grid, the upper grid is used for loading substrates and seeding, the middle film is laid on the lower grid and is used for forming interstitial gravity water pits and interstitial water-permeable holes, and the lower grid is used for integrally laying and loading fine soil and disinfecting; the upper grid and the middle film form a root growth environment, and the lower grid forms a seedling raising platform. The grid material is composed of resin and glass fiber, the grid holes are square holes, the single-hole edge length is 28-30mm, the grid hole interval thickness is 3-3.5mm, the lower grid thickness is 28-30mm, the upper grid thickness is 35-38mm, and the single-piece grid is square or rectangular. The lower grid is provided with connecting devices on four edges, the connecting devices comprise positioning grooves and T-shaped buckles, positioning grooves and "H"-shaped buckles or positioning grooves and back-shaped buckles. In the positioning grooves and T-shaped buckles, a plurality of staggered T-shaped buckles or "double-T" buckles are arranged on the side edges, and the T-shaped buckles are directly clamped on the positioning grooves for fixation. In the positioning grooves and "H"-shaped buckles, a single positioning groove is arranged at the corresponding position of the adjacent grid edges, the "H"-shaped buckle is used to clamp the holes of the two grids, and the "H"-shaped buckle is rotated by 90 degrees to be horizontally arranged and not exposed on the surface of the grid. In the back-shaped buckle, double positioning grooves are arranged at the corresponding positions of the adjacent grid edges, and the back-shaped buckle is directly clamped on the two positioning grooves for fixation.

2. A double layer grid sandwich film type tobacco seedling raising method characterized by, The application further discloses a seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps: Lower grid erection: the integrally laid lower grid is clamped by buckles, and the first layer of grids is directly laid on the seedling raising pool to ensure that the grids are stable and horizontal. Lower grid hole filling: coarse soil is filled to about 60% of the grid hole, fine soil is then filled to the flat hole after screening, and a small amount of solid insecticide is mixed in the fine soil; gravity water pits are pressed by using a hole pressing device to form sunken holes in the fine soil of each square grid, and the lower grid is then disinfected by applying a disinfectant; Middle film laying: a layer of black agricultural film with a thickness of 0.015-0.020mm is laid on the lower grid, the film size is equivalent to the unit seedling raising pool, and water is sprayed to form gravity water pits after the film is laid; Upper grid erection: after the agricultural film is laid, the second layer of seedling raising grids is directly erected and fixed by using the hole. Seeding and seedling raising management method: the upper grid is filled with seedling raising substrates and seeded, and the seedling raising management is completed by using the conventional wet seedling raising method to water the seeds to make the seeds germinate. Seedling raising post-management: after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the upper and lower grids are directly removed, cleaned, air-dried and stored, the seedling raising pool is simply restored to the required state, and the grids are conventionally soaked and disinfected before seedling raising.

3. The double layer grid sandwich film method for tobacco seedling raising according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hole pressing tool is a roller type hole pressing device or a rake type hole pressing device, the roller type hole pressing device is installed on a roller-shaped object, and the hole pressing device is dragged to press the holes; the rake type hole pressing device is installed on a long handle, and the hole pressing device is directly pressed on the grids in sequence.

4. The double layer grid sandwich film type tobacco seedling raising method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the substrates are loaded, workers directly stand on the second layer of grids to load the substrates and seed.

5. The double decker grid and film leaf seedling method according to claim 2, wherein, The improved seeder is used for seeding, 80% of the rows are seeded with one seed, and the other 20% of the rows are seeded with two seeds.

6. The double decker grid and film leaf seedling method of claim 2, wherein, During the seedling raising process, a bench is directly erected at the cross joint of the grids according to the actual production bench, and the height of the bench is appropriate without pressing the tobacco seedlings.

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