Polymorphic reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas by using solid organic matter crushed aggregates and working method of polymorphic reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a polymorphic reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas by using crushed solid organic matters and a working method of the polymorphic reactor. The raw materials are wide in application range and suitable for various solid organic matters; the reaction temperature is high, solid organic matter crushed aggregates can be pyrolyzed and completely gasified, the energy conversion efficiency is higher than 85%, and the amount of generated hydrogen and natural gas is large; heat generated by biochar combustion is supplied to the S reactor, combustion of fuel gas for heat compensation is not needed normally, heat loss brought away by combustion of waste gas is avoided, and the heat efficiency is high; the content of effective components (H2, CO and CH4) in the produced combustible gas is high, and the calorific value of the fuel gas is high; the discharged combustible gas is low in dust content and does not contain tar, subsequent purification treatment is simple, equipment failure caused by tar blockage does not exist, and the operation rate is high. Biochar can be taken out at any time through the biochar collector and the biochar discharging device according to needs and used for raw material supply of carbon-based materials, carbon-based fertilizers and carbon-fertilizer soil conditioners; a melting slag discharging mode is adopted, inorganic melting residues discharged after reaction can be used as production raw materials of high-quality building materials, and maximum reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of green energy production and solid waste treatment, and in particular to a multi-state reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter fragments and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The excessive use of fossil fuels has caused energy crisis and greenhouse effect. Developing sustainable green energy to replace fossil energy is the key to maintaining healthy global development and achieving my country's "dual carbon" goals.

[0003] At present, the main treatment and processing method for various solid organic matter in my country (such as biomass straw in the agricultural field, various wastes, residues and residues in the forestry industry, various organic solid wastes in the industrial field, organic sludge in various industries, energy plants, etc.) is combustion power generation. With the increasing demand for green hydrogen, green chemical products and green materials in my country, it is necessary to develop and research reaction methods with large daily processing capacity, low energy consumption, simple structure, high degree of intelligent operation, low investment, and large production of hydrogen and natural gas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-state reactor and a working method thereof for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and natural gas using solid organic matter fragments.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-state reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter crushed materials, comprising:

[0007] An S reactor, wherein a solid organic matter feed port and a high-temperature fuel gas outlet are arranged on the top of the S reactor, a partition device is arranged inside the S reactor, and a biochar collector is arranged below the partition device;

[0008] The X reactor is connected to the bottom of the S reactor, a gas input port, a temporary feeding port and a liquid slag discharge port are arranged on the side wall of the X reactor, and a molten metal outlet is arranged at the bottom of the X reactor.

[0009] Furthermore, the biochar collector is arranged on a biochar discharging device, the biochar discharging device is connected to the outside of the S reactor, and the biochar discharging device is provided with a biochar discharging port.

[0010] Furthermore, the partition device is a multi-layer transversely installed tubular or sheet-shaped high-temperature resistant assembly, and a radiation heating burner is arranged on the partition device.

[0011] Furthermore, solid organic matter fragments are added into the S reactor through the solid organic matter fragments feeding port, and the solid organic matter fragments include one or more of biomass straw, forestry solid waste, industrial organic solid waste, organic sludge, and energy plants.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass proportion of the solid organic matter fragments with a particle size of less than 15 mm is greater than 94%, and the water content of the solid organic matter fragments is less than 35%.

[0013] Furthermore, when the multi-state reactor is started, operated and in a high temperature state, waste metals and fuel are added to the X reactor from the temporary feeding port.

[0014] Furthermore, the scrap metal includes one or both of scrap iron and scrap steel, and the fuel includes one or more of coke, charcoal, biorods and bioparticles.

[0015] Furthermore, oxygen and water vapor enter the X reactor from the gas input port to participate in the combustion gasification reaction.

[0016] Furthermore, when the multi-state reactor is shut down, water vapor is sprayed from the gas input port to purge the chamber of the multi-state reactor.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas from a multi-state reactor using solid organic matter crushed materials as provided in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Add waste metal and fuel into the X reactor, spray oxygen into the X reactor through the gas inlet, ignite the fuel, and discharge the flue gas through the high-temperature fuel gas outlet;

[0019] After the lower part and the top part of the S reactor reach the preset temperature, solid organic matter is added. The solid organic matter is pyrolyzed under the action of high-temperature gas during the falling process to produce combustible gas and biochar. The combustible gas is discharged through the high-temperature gas outlet, and part or all of the biochar is collected by the biochar collector. The uncollected part falls into the X reactor to undergo combustion and gasification reaction;

[0020] Adjust the feed amount of each medium to maintain the stable operation of the multi-state reactor;

[0021] When the furnace is shut down, the molten metal is discharged from the molten metal outlet, and water vapor is sprayed into the multi-state reactor for purging.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The raw materials of the present invention have a wide range of applications and are suitable for various solid organic substances; the reaction temperature is high, so that solid organic matter fragments can be pyrolyzed and completely gasified, the energy conversion efficiency is higher than 85%, and a large amount of hydrogen and natural gas is generated; the heat generated by the combustion of biochar is provided to the S reactor, and normally there is no need to burn fuel gas for heat supplement, there is no heat loss carried away by the combustion exhaust gas, and the thermal efficiency is high; the produced combustible gas has a high content of effective components (H2, CO, CH4) and a high calorific value of the combustible gas; the discharged combustible gas has a low dust content and does not contain tar, the subsequent purification treatment is simple, and there is no equipment failure caused by tar blockage, and the operation rate is high.

[0024] The present invention can take out biochar through the biochar collector and the biochar discharging device at any time as needed, and use it for the raw material supply of carbon-based materials, carbon-based fertilizers, and carbon fertilizer soil conditioners; it adopts a melting slag discharging method, and the inorganic molten residue discharged after the reaction can be used as a raw material for the production of high-quality building materials, achieving maximum reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization.

[0025] In the present invention, the molten iron pool can, on the one hand, maximize the gasification temperature to facilitate melting and slag removal; on the other hand, it also serves as a catalyst for gasification. The two aspects act simultaneously, the reaction efficiency is high, and the biochar is completely gasified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-state reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter crushed materials according to the present invention.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] Solid organic matter crushed material feeding port 1, high temperature fuel gas outlet 2, partition device 3, biochar collector 4, biochar discharging device 5, biochar discharging port 6, gas input port 7, temporary feeding port 8, liquid slag discharge port 9, molten metal outlet 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] The following describes a multi-state reactor and a working method thereof for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter fragments according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-state reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter crushed materials of the present invention comprises an S reactor and an X reactor, and the X reactor is connected and arranged below the S reactor.

[0033] One or more solid organic matter feed ports 1 are provided on the top of the S reactor, and the solid organic matter feed ports 1 are used to feed the solid organic matter into the S reactor. The mass proportion of the solid organic matter with a particle size of less than 15 mm is more than 94%, and after pretreatment, the moisture content of the solid organic matter is less than 35%.

[0034] Solid organic matter fragments include biomass straw in the agricultural field, various residues and leftovers in the forestry field, various organic solid wastes in the industrial field, organic sludge from various industries, energy plants, etc.

[0035] One or more high-temperature fuel gas outlets 2 are arranged on the top of the S reactor, and the combustible gas in the multi-state reactor is discharged through the high-temperature fuel gas outlets 2. The discharged combustible gas can be used for the production of hydrogen, natural gas, high-end energy and high-end chemicals, as well as power generation, hydrogen-rich smelting, etc. after dust removal, cooling, purification and other processes.

[0036] A separator 3 is arranged in the S reactor. The separator 3 is a multi-layer transversely installed tubular or sheet-shaped high-temperature resistant assembly. The separator 3 is used to make the falling solid organic matter fragments more evenly distributed in the cross-sectional direction in the S reactor.

[0037] A biochar collector 4 is provided below the partition device 3, and the biochar collector 4 is used to collect part of the biochar produced by the pyrolysis of the solid organic matter fragments. Specifically, the biochar collector 4 is provided on a biochar discharging device 5, and the biochar discharging device 5 is connected to the outside of the S reactor. The biochar discharging device 5 is provided with a biochar discharging port 6, and the biochar can be taken out at any time as needed for the raw material supply of carbon-based materials, carbon-based fertilizers, and carbon fertilizer soil conditioners.

[0038] In some embodiments, a radiation heating burner is provided on the partition device 3. When the temperature of the S reactor is low, the radiation heating burner is started to supplement heat to the S reactor.

[0039] A temporary charging port 8 is arranged on the side wall of the X reactor, and when the multi-state reactor is started, operated, or in a high temperature state, waste metal and fuel are added to the X reactor from the temporary charging port 8. The waste metal includes one or both of waste iron and waste steel, and the fuel includes one or more of coke, charcoal, biorods, and bioparticles.

[0040] A gas input port 7 is arranged on the side wall of the X reactor, and oxygen and water vapor enter the X reactor from the gas input port 7 to participate in the combustion and gasification reaction.

[0041] A liquid slag discharge port 9 is arranged on the side wall of the X reactor to discharge the inorganic molten residue after the reaction. The inorganic molten residue can be used as a raw material for producing high-quality building materials.

[0042] A molten metal outlet 10 is provided at the bottom or the bottom of the side wall of the X to release the molten metal in the furnace before stopping the furnace. After the molten metal is cooled, it is formed into a metal block for use before the next furnace start.

[0043] When the multi-state reactor is shut down, water vapor is injected from the gas inlet 7 to purge the chamber of the multi-state reactor.

[0044] The working method of a multi-state reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter crushed materials comprises the following steps:

[0045] Add waste metal and fuel into the X reactor, spray oxygen into the X reactor through the gas inlet 7, ignite the fuel, and discharge the flue gas through the high-temperature fuel gas outlet 2;

[0046] After the temperature of the lower part of the S reactor reaches above 1200°C and the temperature of the top reaches above 800°C, solid organic matter is added. The solid organic matter is pyrolyzed under the action of high-temperature gas during the falling process to produce combustible gas and biochar. The combustible gas is discharged through the high-temperature gas outlet 2, and part or all of the biochar is collected by the biochar collector 4. The uncollected part falls into the X reactor to undergo combustion and gasification reaction;

[0047] Adjust the feed amount of each medium to maintain the stable operation of the multi-state reactor, wherein the temperature of the X reactor is maintained at 1300-1550°C from top to bottom, and the temperature of the S reactor is maintained at 800-1200°C from top to bottom;

[0048] When the furnace is shut down, the molten metal is discharged from the molten metal outlet 10, and water vapor is sprayed into the multi-state reactor for purging.

[0049] The working method of the multi-state reactor of the present invention is specifically described below using the energy plant Phragmites australis as raw material, as follows:

[0050] (1) Material preparation

[0051] Prepare reed bamboo raw materials, scrap iron blocks, and lump coke (or charcoal). Among them, the reed bamboo raw materials need to be pre-treated and meet the following conditions: the total mass of the crushed materials with an outer size of less than 15 mm accounts for more than 94%, and the moisture content is within 35%. Among them, the industrial analysis and ash composition analysis of reed bamboo are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.

[0052] Table 1:

[0053]

[0054] Table 2:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] (2) Furnace loading

[0058] Scrap iron blocks and lump coke (or charcoal) are charged into the X reactor from the temporary charging port 8.

[0059] (3) Ignition

[0060] Oxygen is sprayed into the X reactor from the gas input port 7, and lump coke (or charcoal) is ignited and burned at the same time, and the flue gas is discharged from the high-temperature fuel gas outlet 2 at the top of the S reactor.

[0061] (4) Heating and melting molten iron

[0062] As lump coke (or charcoal) burns violently under oxygen injection conditions, the scrap iron is completely melted, the molten iron temperature reaches 1450°C, and the temperature of the upper space of the X reactor reaches 1300°C. On the one hand, the molten iron pool can maximize the gasification temperature to facilitate melting and slag removal; on the other hand, it also serves as a catalyst for the subsequent biochar gasification reaction. The two aspects work simultaneously, the reaction efficiency is high, and the biochar is completely gasified.

[0063] (5) Temperature continues to rise

[0064] The temperature is continued to rise until the temperature at the bottom of the S reactor reaches above 1200°C and the temperature at the top reaches above 800°C.

[0065] (6) Adding bamboo scraps

[0066] The reed bamboo fragments are injected into the S reactor from the solid organic matter fragments feeding port 1. After passing through the partition device 3, the reed bamboo fragments are evenly distributed in the cross-sectional direction of the S reactor. During the falling process of the reed bamboo fragments, pyrolysis reaction occurs under the action of high-temperature flue gas to produce combustible gas and biochar. The combustible gas is discharged from the high-temperature gas outlet 2 at the top, and part of the biochar flows downward and falls into the X reactor, and part falls into the biochar collector 4.

[0067] The combustible gases include H2, CO, and CH4. The biochar falling into the biochar collector 4 can be taken out through the biochar collector 4 and the biochar discharging device 5 at any time as needed to be used as raw material supply for carbon-based materials, carbon-based fertilizers, and carbon-fertilizer soil conditioners.

[0068] (7) Maintaining the temperature of molten iron

[0069] The biochar that falls into the X reactor contacts with the input oxygen and steam to undergo combustion and gasification reaction, which releases a large amount of heat. The input amount of oxygen and steam is controlled so that the temperature of the molten iron in the X reactor is maintained above 1450°C, the temperature of the upper space of the X reactor is maintained above 1300°C, and the oxygen content at the top of the X reactor is zero.

[0070] The heat generated by the combustion of biochar is provided to the S reactor. Under normal circumstances, there is no need to burn fuel gas to supplement heat, there is no heat loss carried away by the combustion exhaust gas, and the thermal efficiency is high.

[0071] (8) Stable operation

[0072] Adjust the feed amount of each medium to maintain stable production operation. The operating temperature of the X reactor is maintained at 1300℃-1550℃ from top to bottom. The high-temperature combustible gas generated by the X reactor flows upward into the S reactor, and the heat is provided to the S reactor to meet the heat demand of its pyrolysis reaction.

[0073] The operating temperature of the S reactor is maintained at 800℃-1200℃ from top to bottom. If the temperature is low, the radiation heating burner on the partition device 3 is started to supplement the heat in the S reactor. The high-temperature combustible gas generated by the X reactor is combined with the combustible gas generated in the S reactor and then discharged from the upper high-temperature gas outlet 2. The main components of the discharged combustible gas are H2, CO, CH4 and CO2. After dust removal, cooling, purification and other processes, the combustible gas can be used to produce hydrogen, natural gas, high-end energy and high-end chemicals, as well as power generation, hydrogen-rich smelting, etc.

[0074] (9)Regular slag removal

[0075] The inorganic residue after the biochar is completely gasified falls into the molten iron pool at the bottom, and is eventually discharged regularly from the liquid slag discharge port 9 on the side wall of the X reactor in a molten state. The discharged inorganic molten residue can be used as a raw material for the production of high-quality building materials.

[0076] Repeat steps (6) to (9) to achieve continuous operation.

[0077] (10) Furnace shutdown

[0078] The molten iron in the furnace is released from the metal liquid outlet 10 provided at the bottom or the bottom of the side wall of the X reactor, and is made into cold iron blocks for use before the next furnace opening. Then, water vapor is sprayed into the multi-state reactor to purge the chamber of the multi-state reactor and purge the gas in the multi-state reactor out.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms may be for different embodiments or examples. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0080] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-state reactor for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas using solid organic matter crushed materials, characterized in that: include: An S reactor, wherein a solid organic matter feed port and a high-temperature fuel gas outlet are arranged on the top of the S reactor, a partition device is arranged inside the S reactor, and a biochar collector is arranged below the partition device; The X reactor is connected to the bottom of the S reactor, a gas input port, a temporary feeding port and a liquid slag discharge port are arranged on the side wall of the X reactor, and a molten metal outlet is arranged at the bottom of the X reactor.

2. The multi-state reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The biochar collector is arranged on a biochar discharging device, the biochar discharging device is connected to the outside of the S reactor, and the biochar discharging device is provided with a biochar discharging port.

3. The multi-state reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The partition device is a multi-layer transversely installed tubular or sheet-shaped high-temperature resistant assembly, and a radiation heating burner is arranged on the partition device.

4. The multi-state reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Solid organic matter fragments are added into the S reactor through the solid organic matter fragments feeding port, and the solid organic matter fragments include one or more of biomass straw, forestry solid waste, industrial organic solid waste, organic sludge, and energy plants.

5. The multi-state reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the multi-state reactor is started, operated and in a high temperature state, waste metals and fuel are added into the X reactor from the temporary feeding port.

6. The multi-state reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The scrap metal includes one or both of scrap iron and scrap steel, and the fuel includes one or more of coke, charcoal, biorods and bioparticles.

7. The multi-state reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Oxygen and water vapor enter the X reactor from the gas input port to participate in the combustion gasification reaction.

8. A method for operating a multi-state reactor using solid organic matter to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and natural gas, characterized in that: Utilizing the multi-state reactor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: Add waste metal and fuel into the X reactor, spray oxygen into the X reactor through the gas inlet, ignite the fuel, and discharge the flue gas through the high-temperature fuel gas outlet; After the lower part and the top part of the S reactor reach the preset temperature, solid organic matter is added. The solid organic matter is pyrolyzed under the action of high-temperature gas during the falling process to produce combustible gas and biochar. The combustible gas is discharged through the high-temperature gas outlet, and part or all of the biochar is collected by the biochar collector. The uncollected part falls into the X reactor to undergo combustion and gasification reaction; Adjust the feed amount of each medium to maintain the stable operation of the multi-state reactor; When the furnace is shut down, the molten metal is discharged from the molten metal outlet, and water vapor is sprayed into the multi-state reactor for purging.

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