Mine ecological environment restoration method
By using nanoadsorbent materials and mineral sealants in mine tailings, combined with the design of anti-seepage isolation layer and ecological isolation belt, the problems of heavy metal penetration and secondary pollution in tailings soil improvement are solved, and long-term heavy metal fixation and environmental safety are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510150653.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-11
AI Technical Summary
Soil improvement is carried out through physical curing treatment methods. The improved soil still has the risk of heavy metal penetration and secondary pollution, and the long-term effectiveness of the curing treatment is affected by natural conditions, making it difficult to ensure that the pollutants in tailings will not reactivate in the future.
The combination of nanoadsorbent materials and mineral sealing agents is used to fully react with the sealing agent through stirring to form stable metal compounds, and a high-density polyethylene anti-seepage film and bentonite cushion are laid at the bottom of the tailings backfill area, an ecological isolation belt and groundwater monitoring well are set up, and the covering materials are monitored in real time and regularly supplemented to ensure soil moisture and heavy metal fixation.
It effectively reduces the risk of pollution from heavy metals to the environment, improves the heavy metal pollution prevention and control capabilities in tailings improvement, improves the restoration efficiency and tailings reuse rate, and ensures the safety of the long-term ecological environment.
Smart Images
Figure CN119794069A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine ecological environment restoration, and in particular to a mine ecological environment restoration method. Background Art
[0002] During mining and tailings storage, a large amount of tailings waste is generated. These tailings often contain a variety of harmful heavy metal elements, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, etc. Once these heavy metal substances enter natural water bodies, soil or air, they will seriously affect the surrounding environment and biological health. With the continuous exploitation of mining resources, the problem of tailings storage is becoming increasingly serious. Effective environmental remediation of these tailings has become an important issue in solving mining environmental pollution and ecological restoration. At present, the environmental remediation technologies for tailings mainly include physical, chemical and biological remediation methods. The physical method mainly relies on stacking isolation, soil improvement and water filtration; the chemical method uses chemical reaction precipitation, adsorption and sealing technologies to treat heavy metals in tailings; the biological remediation method relies on plants to absorb and degrade harmful substances to repair the soil; Soil improvement is carried out through physical solidification treatment methods. The improved soil still has the risk of heavy metal infiltration and secondary pollution. Even after solidification treatment, heavy metals may be released due to rainfall or groundwater flow, polluting the surrounding soil and water sources. The long-term effectiveness of solidification treatment is affected by natural conditions. It is difficult to guarantee that pollutants in tailings will not be reactivated in the future. Therefore, a mine ecological environment restoration method is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine, so as to solve the problem that soil improvement by physical solidification treatment method still has the risk of heavy metal infiltration and secondary pollution after improvement. Even after solidification treatment, heavy metals may be released due to rainfall or groundwater flow, polluting the surrounding soil and water sources. In addition, the long-term effectiveness of solidification treatment is affected by natural conditions, and it is difficult to ensure that pollutants in tailings will not be reactivated in the future.
[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Waste sorting: sort the mine waste, including waste rock and tailings, screen out waste rock with a particle size greater than 50mm and impurities that do not meet the backfill standards, retain fine tailings and crush and grind them to make the tailings particle size less than 20mm; Step 2: Crushing and grinding treatment: Add nano-adsorbent materials and mineral sealers to the screened tailings, and stir the mixture at a constant temperature for 2 to 4 hours to allow the heavy metals to fully react with the sealers to form stable metal compounds; Step 3: Laying of anti-seepage isolation layer: Laying high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane and bentonite cushion layer in sequence at the bottom of the tailings backfill area, and closing the seams of the anti-seepage membrane by overlapping and welding to form a complete underground anti-seepage isolation layer to prevent heavy metals from migrating with groundwater; Step 4: Tailings improved soil processing: evenly lay a biochar or straw covering layer on the surface of the tailings improved soil, with a covering thickness of not less than 10cm, and regularly replenish the covering material to maintain soil moisture and prevent the loss of heavy metal ions; Step 5: Set up ecological isolation zones: Set up ecological isolation zones at intervals of 5m outside the backfill area, plant plants with heavy metal adsorption and fixation capabilities, and absorb residual heavy metal ions through plant roots to reduce the scope of pollution spread; Step 6: Set up groundwater monitoring wells: at least 3 groundwater monitoring wells are set in the tailings backfill area. The depth of the monitoring wells is set according to the groundwater level. Heavy metal concentration sensors are set in the monitoring wells to dynamically monitor groundwater and soil water. The data is uploaded to the monitoring platform in real time. Step 7: Tailings stabilization treatment: When the heavy metal concentration exceeds the set threshold, the tailings stabilization treatment equipment is started, and mineral sealers and nano-adsorbent materials are injected into the contaminated area through the grouting pipe to further stabilize and solidify the heavy metals in the tailings.
[0005] As a further optimized content of the present invention, the nano-adsorption material is selected from one or more of nano-iron oxide, nano-manganese oxide, nano-aluminum oxide or nano-carbon material, the particle size of the adsorption material is less than 100nm, the morphology is spherical, flaky or rod-shaped, the addition amount is 0.1% to 3% of the weight of the tailings, and the adsorption material is evenly distributed on the surface of the tailings particles.
[0006] As further optimized content of the present invention, the mineral sealer is phosphate, bentonite or attapulgite, the phosphate is calcium phosphate or zinc phosphate, the powder particle size of the sealer is less than 50 μm, the addition ratio is 1% to 5% of the weight of the tailings, the mixing ratio of the mineral sealer and the nano-adsorption material is 3:1 to 5:1, and the humidity of the reaction environment is maintained at 50% to 70% during stirring.
[0007] As further optimized content of the present invention, the thickness of the high-density polyethylene waterproof membrane is 1.5mm to 2.5mm, the overlap width is not less than 10cm, the welding temperature is controlled between 200℃ and 250℃, and quality inspection is carried out at the welding point, using air pressure detection method to ensure that there are no cracks or bubbles.
[0008] As further optimized content of the present invention, the bentonite cushion layer has a thickness of 5 cm to 10 cm, is compacted before laying the cushion layer, and has a compaction degree of not less than 90%. The bentonite cushion layer is laid in layers, with each layer not exceeding 5 cm in thickness, and is evenly sprinkled with water using a spraying device to maintain the moisture of the bentonite.
[0009] As further optimized content of the present invention, the ecological isolation zone uses willows, sunflowers or other plants with heavy metal adsorption and fixation capabilities, the planting spacing is not more than 1.5m, the width of the ecological isolation zone is 5m to 10m, the plant growth period is not less than 12 months, and a survival rate survey is conducted 3 months after planting, with a survival rate of not less than 85%, and artificial watering or protection measures are taken for plants in drought or cold seasons.
[0010] As further optimized content of the present invention, among others: the layout depth of the groundwater monitoring well is 5m to 20m, the diameter of the monitoring well is not less than 100mm, the well pipe is made of PVC or stainless steel, the monitoring interval is one monitoring point every 50m, the monitoring frequency is not less than 2 times a week, the monitoring data is stored for not less than 5 years, the monitoring data is regularly summarized and analyzed, and a trend report is generated.
[0011] As further optimized content of the present invention, among others: a layered backfilling method is adopted in the tailings backfilling process, rolling treatment is carried out every 30cm to 50cm of backfilling, the compaction degree is not less than 85%, the number of layers is not less than 5 layers, the density and moisture content of each layer of backfilled tailings are required to be tested, and the construction log is recorded, and the overall leveling is carried out after the backfilling is completed.
[0012] As further optimized content of the present invention, the soil sensor monitoring indicators include heavy metal ion concentration, pH value, soil moisture and soil temperature, the monitoring frequency is once an hour, the sensor is arranged at a depth of not less than 30 cm, and automatically alarms when the heavy metal concentration exceeds the standard, starts the stabilizer injection device to repair the tailings area, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal via wireless signals.
[0013] As further optimized content of the present invention, the vegetation restoration in the tailings backfill area adopts drone spraying, spraying a mixture of plant seeds, water retaining agent and soil fertilizer, the spraying thickness is 3cm to 5cm, the coverage rate of the spraying area is not less than 95%, the navigation height of the spraying equipment does not exceed 30m, and a vegetation coverage survey is carried out 6 months after the spraying to ensure that the plant survival rate reaches more than 80%, and a second seeding is carried out if necessary.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, the multi-level restoration technology of physical protection, nano-adsorption and intelligent monitoring is used to effectively solve the problem of heavy metal pollution prevention and control in mine tailings improvement. This solution can not only reduce the risk of ecological restoration, but also improve the restoration efficiency and tailings recycling rate, and effectively prevent the solidified soil from being affected by natural conditions and reactivating; 2. In the present invention, in the process of fixing heavy metal ions in tailings by using the nano-adsorbent material and the mineral sealant, the nano-adsorbent material has a large specific surface area and excellent adsorption capacity, and can fully react with the heavy metal ions to form stable metal compounds, significantly reducing the pollution of heavy metals to the environment. The mineral sealant (such as phosphate) further solidifies the heavy metals through chemical reactions, making it impossible for them to diffuse in groundwater or soil, thereby ensuring the long-term safety of the mining area ecosystem; 3. In the present invention, an intelligent groundwater monitoring system and drone seeding technology are adopted. The present invention can realize real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment in the process of tailings remediation. The layout of groundwater monitoring wells and the use of soil sensors enable key environmental indicators such as heavy metal concentration and soil moisture to be monitored in time, and the restoration effect is fed back in real time through the data analysis platform to ensure that various parameters in the restoration process are within a controllable range. The drone seeding technology greatly improves the efficiency and coverage of vegetation restoration, reduces labor input, and increases the survival rate and restoration speed of vegetation, greatly improving the overall efficiency of tailings remediation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] Example 1 See also Figure 1 :Application of mine ecological environment restoration methods: Step 1: Waste sorting: Screen the mine waste, and the waste rock with a particle size greater than 50mm will be screened out, and the tailings particle size will be crushed and ground to less than 20mm; Step 2: Crushing and grinding treatment: Add nano iron oxide (particle size 80nm) and calcium phosphate sealant (powder particle size 45μm) to the screened tailings at a mixing ratio of 3:1 to the weight of the tailings, and stir for 3 hours to ensure that the heavy metals and the sealant fully react to form stable metal compounds; Step 3: Laying of anti-seepage isolation layer: Laying high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane (thickness 2mm, overlap width 12cm) and bentonite cushion (thickness 8cm), controlling the welding temperature at 220℃, and performing air pressure detection to ensure there are no cracks; Step 4: Tailings soil improvement processing: Lay a 15cm thick biochar layer on the surface of the tailings and replenish it regularly to maintain soil moisture; Step 5: Set up ecological isolation belts: Set up an ecological isolation belt every 5 meters outside the backfill area, plant sunflowers with a planting spacing of 1 meter, a growing period of 12 months, and a survival rate of more than 90%; Step 6: Set up groundwater monitoring wells: Set up 4 groundwater monitoring wells in the tailings backfill area, with a depth of 15m, and monitor the heavy metal concentration and water level of groundwater every week; Step 7: Tailings stabilization treatment: When the monitored heavy metal concentration exceeds the threshold, the tailings stabilization treatment equipment is started, and mineral sealants and nano-adsorbent materials are injected through the grouting pipe for deep remediation.
[0017] Example 2 Application of mine ecological environment restoration methods: Step 1: Waste sorting: Screen out waste rocks with a particle size greater than 60mm from mine waste, and tailings with a particle size less than 15mm. After crushing and grinding, keep the particle size uniform; Step 2: Crushing and grinding treatment: Add nano manganese oxide (particle size 90nm) and bentonite (powder particle size 30μm) to the tailings, with a mixing ratio of 4:1 to the weight of the tailings, and a reaction time of 2.5 hours to ensure that the heavy metals and the sealant form a stable complex; Step 3: Laying of anti-seepage isolation layer: Lay a 2mm thick high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane at the bottom of the backfill area with an overlap width of 10cm. Ensure that the temperature is 250℃ during welding and that there are no cracks through air pressure detection; Step 4: Tailings soil improvement processing: evenly lay a 12cm thick straw cover layer on the surface of the tailings and replenish it every 6 months to maintain soil moisture and nutrient supply; Step 5: Set up ecological isolation belt: Set up willow ecological isolation belt every 3m outside the backfill area, with a plant spacing of 1.5m and a growth period of 18 months to ensure a survival rate of more than 90%; Step 6: Set up groundwater monitoring wells: Lay out 3 groundwater monitoring wells with a depth of 20m, monitor the concentration of heavy metals in groundwater twice a week, and upload the data to the monitoring platform in real time; Step 7: Tailings stabilization treatment: When it is monitored that the heavy metal concentration exceeds the standard, start the tailings stabilization treatment equipment and inject sealant and nano-alumina through the grouting pipe for repair.
[0018] Embodiment 3: Application of mine ecological environment restoration methods: Step 1: Waste sorting: Screen out waste rocks with a particle size greater than 70mm, and keep the tailings particle size less than 18mm after crushing; Step 2: Crushing and grinding treatment: Add nanocarbon material (particle size of 50nm) and calcium phosphate (powder particle size of 40μm) to the tailings, with a mixing ratio of 5:1 to the weight of the tailings, and stir to react for 3 hours; Step 3: Laying the anti-seepage isolation layer: Lay a 1.8mm thick high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane at the bottom of the tailings backfill area, with an overlap width of 15cm. The welding temperature is controlled at 220℃ to ensure that there are no bubbles in the anti-seepage membrane; Step 4: Tailings soil improvement processing: Lay a 20cm thick biochar cover on the tailings surface and replenish it once a year to prevent the loss of heavy metal ions; Step 5: Set up ecological isolation belt: Set up ecological isolation belt of sunflower and willow trees outside the backfill area, with a planting spacing of 1m, a growing period of 12 months, and a survival rate of more than 85%; Step 6: Set up groundwater monitoring wells: Lay out 5 groundwater monitoring wells with a depth of 10m, monitor the pH value and heavy metal concentration of groundwater weekly, and upload the data to the platform in real time; Step 7: Tailings stabilization treatment: When the heavy metal concentration exceeds the standard, start the grouting equipment to inject mineral sealants and nano-adsorbent materials to further repair the tailings; Embodiment 4: A method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine, the same parts as those in Embodiments 1-3 are not repeated here, except that: The nano-adsorption material is selected from one or more of nano-iron oxide, nano-manganese oxide, nano-aluminum oxide or nano-carbon materials. The particle size of the adsorption material is less than 100nm, and the morphology is spherical, flaky or rod-shaped. The addition amount is 0.1% to 3% of the weight of the tailings. The adsorption material is evenly distributed on the surface of the tailings particles. The use of nano-adsorption materials can significantly improve the removal effect of heavy metals in the tailings. The particle size of nano-iron oxide, nano-manganese oxide, nano-aluminum oxide or nano-carbon materials is less than 100nm, and has a large specific surface area, which can more effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in the tailings, thereby reducing the pollution of heavy metals to the environment. Nano-materials with small particle size and diverse morphology can be more evenly distributed on the surface of the tailings particles, enhancing their stability and solidification effect. As further optimized content of the present invention: the mineral sealer is phosphate, bentonite or attapulgite, the phosphate is calcium phosphate or zinc phosphate, the powder particle size of the sealer is less than 50μm, the addition ratio is 1% to 5% of the weight of the tailings, the mixing ratio of the mineral sealer and the nano-adsorbent material is 3:1 to 5:1, and the humidity of the reaction environment is maintained at 50% to 70% during the stirring process. The addition of mineral sealers (such as phosphates, bentonite, etc.) can effectively seal the heavy metal ions in the tailings and prevent them from diffusing into the groundwater system. Phosphates such as calcium phosphate and zinc phosphate can react with heavy metal ions to form stable metal compounds, effectively reduce the dissolution of heavy metals, and reduce the risk of pollution. Controlling the humidity during the stirring process helps to make the reaction more complete and improve the sealing effect. As further optimized content of the present invention: the thickness of the high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane is 1.5mm to 2.5mm, the overlap width is not less than 10cm, the welding temperature is controlled between 200℃ and 250℃, and quality inspection is carried out at the welding point. The air pressure detection method is adopted to ensure that there are no cracks or bubbles. The application of the high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane can prevent the migration of heavy metals in groundwater and play a very effective isolation role. The selection of the membrane thickness ensures that it has sufficient strength and permeability resistance. The optimization of the overlap width and the welding process further improves the integrity of the anti-seepage layer, avoids cracks or bubbles affecting the isolation effect, and ensures the ecological safety of the tailings area; As further optimized content of the present invention: the bentonite cushion layer has a thickness of 5 cm to 10 cm, and is compacted before being laid, with a compaction degree of not less than 90%. When laying the bentonite cushion layer, it is constructed in layers, with a thickness of each layer not exceeding 5 cm, and a spraying device is used to evenly sprinkle water to maintain the moisture of the bentonite. The use of the bentonite cushion layer can improve the anti-seepage performance of the tailings backfill area and prevent heavy metals from diffusing with groundwater. Bentonite has excellent expansibility and water absorption, can effectively prevent groundwater flow, and remain stable under pressure and temperature changes. In addition, the layered construction and humidity control can ensure the stability and effectiveness of the bentonite cushion layer; As further optimized content of the present invention: the ecological isolation belt uses willow, sunflower or other plants with heavy metal adsorption and fixation capabilities, the planting spacing is not more than 1.5m, the width of the ecological isolation belt is 5m to 10m, the plant growth period is not less than 12 months, and the survival rate is investigated 3 months after planting, and the survival rate is not less than 85%. In the drought or cold season, artificial watering or protective measures are taken for the plants. The setting of the ecological isolation belt can effectively prevent the further spread of heavy metals. At the same time, by planting heavy metal adsorbing plants, such as willow and sunflower, etc., the plant roots are used to adsorb and fix the residual heavy metal ions, which is helpful to restore the ecological environment, improve soil quality, and provide a green barrier for the surrounding environment; As further optimized contents of the present invention: the layout depth of groundwater monitoring wells is 5m to 20m, the diameter of the monitoring wells is not less than 100mm, the well pipes are made of PVC or stainless steel, the monitoring interval is to set a monitoring point every 50m, the monitoring frequency is not less than 2 times a week, the monitoring data storage time is not less than 5 years, the monitoring data is regularly summarized and analyzed, and trend reports are generated. The layout of groundwater monitoring wells provides important technical support for environmental monitoring of tailings areas. By real-time monitoring of indicators such as heavy metal concentrations and pH values in groundwater, potential pollution risks can be discovered in time, and appropriate remediation measures can be taken to prevent pollutants from spreading to a wider area. In addition, long-term data storage and trend reports are helpful to evaluate the remediation effect and optimize the remediation strategy; As further optimized content of the present invention: layered backfilling is adopted in the tailings backfilling process, rolling is performed every 30cm to 50cm of backfilling, the compaction degree is not less than 85%, the number of layers is not less than 5 layers, each layer of backfilled tailings needs to be tested for density and moisture content, and the construction log is recorded, and the whole is leveled after the backfilling is completed. The layered backfilling of tailings can effectively improve the soil stability after backfilling and reduce the migration of heavy metal pollutants in the tailings. Rolling and density testing are performed after each backfilling to ensure the quality and stability of the tailings backfill. Layered construction can increase the compaction degree, effectively reduce settlement, and improve the land use efficiency of the backfill area; As further optimized content of the present invention: soil sensor monitoring indicators include heavy metal ion concentration, pH value, soil moisture and soil temperature, the monitoring frequency is once an hour, the sensor is laid at a depth of not less than 30 cm, and automatically alarms when the heavy metal concentration exceeds the standard, starts the stabilizer injection device to repair the tailings area, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal via wireless signals. The real-time monitoring of the soil sensor can provide accurate data support for tailings repair. By monitoring indicators such as heavy metal ion concentration, pH value, humidity and temperature, the soil and moisture changes in the tailings area can be detected in real time, potential problems can be discovered in time, and repair measures can be initiated to ensure the ecological and environmental safety of the tailings area; As further optimized content of the present invention: vegetation restoration in the tailings backfill area adopts drone spraying, spraying a mixture of plant seeds, water retaining agents and soil fertilizers, the spraying thickness is 3cm to 5cm, the coverage rate of the spraying area is not less than 95%, the navigation altitude of the spraying equipment does not exceed 30m, and a vegetation coverage survey is carried out 6 months after the spraying to ensure that the plant survival rate reaches more than 80%, and a secondary reseeding is carried out when necessary. The use of drone spraying technology can greatly improve the efficiency and coverage of vegetation restoration. By spraying a mixture of plant seeds, water retaining agents and soil fertilizers, the vegetation coverage of the tailings area can be quickly restored, promoting soil moisture retention and the adsorption of heavy metal ions. In addition, drone spraying has the advantages of automation, speed, and efficiency, and is an important tool for vegetation restoration.
[0019] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements, modifications or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for restoring the ecological environment of a mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Waste sorting: sort the mine waste, including waste rock and tailings, screen out waste rock with a particle size greater than 50mm and impurities that do not meet the backfill standards, retain fine tailings and crush and grind them to make the tailings particle size less than 20mm; Step 2: Crushing and grinding treatment: Add nano-adsorbent materials and mineral sealers to the screened tailings, and stir the mixture at a constant temperature for 2 to 4 hours to allow the heavy metals to fully react with the sealers to form stable metal compounds; Step 3: Laying of anti-seepage isolation layer: Laying high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane and bentonite cushion layer in sequence at the bottom of the tailings backfill area, and closing the seams of the anti-seepage membrane by overlapping and welding to form a complete underground anti-seepage isolation layer to prevent heavy metals from migrating with groundwater; Step 4: Tailings improved soil processing: evenly lay a biochar or straw covering layer on the surface of the tailings improved soil, with a covering thickness of not less than 10cm, and regularly replenish the covering material to maintain soil moisture and prevent the loss of heavy metal ions; Step 5: Set up ecological isolation zones: Set up ecological isolation zones at intervals of 5m outside the backfill area, plant plants with heavy metal adsorption and fixation capabilities, and absorb residual heavy metal ions through plant roots to reduce the scope of pollution spread; Step 6: Set up groundwater monitoring wells: at least 3 groundwater monitoring wells are set in the tailings backfill area. The depth of the monitoring wells is set according to the groundwater level. Heavy metal concentration sensors are set in the monitoring wells to dynamically monitor groundwater and soil water. The data is uploaded to the monitoring platform in real time. Step 7: Tailings stabilization treatment: When the heavy metal concentration exceeds the set threshold, the tailings stabilization treatment equipment is started, and mineral sealers and nano-adsorbent materials are injected into the contaminated area through the grouting pipe to further stabilize and solidify the heavy metals in the tailings.
2. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-adsorption material is selected from one or more of nano-iron oxide, nano-manganese oxide, nano-aluminum oxide or nano-carbon material. The particle size of the adsorption material is less than 100nm, and the morphology is spherical, flaky or rod-shaped. The added amount is 0.1% to 3% of the weight of the tailings, and the adsorption material is evenly distributed on the surface of the tailings particles.
3. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral sealer is phosphate, bentonite or attapulgite, the phosphate is calcium phosphate or zinc phosphate, the powder particle size of the sealer is less than 50 μm, the addition ratio is 1% to 5% of the weight of the tailings, the mixing ratio of the mineral sealer and the nano-adsorption material is 3:1 to 5:1, and the humidity of the reaction environment is maintained at 50% to 70% during the stirring process.
4. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the high-density polyethylene anti-seepage membrane is 1.5mm to 2.5mm, the overlap width is not less than 10cm, the welding temperature is controlled between 200°C and 250°C, and quality inspection is carried out at the welding point using an air pressure detection method to ensure that there are no cracks or bubbles.
5. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bentonite cushion layer has a thickness of 5 cm to 10 cm and is compacted before being laid, with a compaction degree of not less than 90%. The bentonite cushion layer is laid in layers, with each layer not exceeding 5 cm in thickness, and water is evenly sprinkled using spraying equipment to maintain the moisture of the bentonite.
6. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological isolation zone shall be made of willows, sunflowers or other plants with the ability to adsorb and fix heavy metals. The planting spacing shall not be greater than 1.5m, the width of the ecological isolation zone shall be 5m to 10m, the plant growth period shall be no less than 12 months, and a survival rate survey shall be conducted 3 months after planting. The survival rate shall not be less than 85%. Artificial watering or protection measures shall be taken for the plants in drought or cold seasons.
7. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The layout depth of the groundwater monitoring wells is 5m to 20m, the diameter of the monitoring wells is not less than 100mm, the well pipes are made of PVC or stainless steel, the monitoring interval is one monitoring point every 50m, the monitoring frequency is not less than 2 times a week, the monitoring data is stored for not less than 5 years, and the monitoring data is regularly summarized and analyzed to generate trend reports.
8. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the tailings backfill process, a layered backfill method is adopted. Rolling is performed every 30cm to 50cm of backfill. The compaction degree is not less than 85%, and the number of layers is not less than 5. The density and moisture content of each layer of backfill tailings are tested, and the construction log is recorded. After the backfill is completed, the overall leveling is carried out.
9. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil sensor monitoring indicators include heavy metal ion concentration, pH value, soil moisture and soil temperature. The monitoring frequency is once an hour. The sensor is laid at a depth of no less than 30 cm. It will automatically alarm when the heavy metal concentration exceeds the standard, start the stabilizer injection device to repair the tailings area, and the monitoring data will be transmitted to the remote monitoring terminal via wireless signals.
10. A mine ecological environment restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Vegetation restoration in the tailings backfill area is carried out by drone spraying, which sprays a mixture of plant seeds, water-retaining agents and soil fertilizers. The spraying thickness is 3cm to 5cm, and the coverage rate of the spraying area is not less than 95%. The navigation altitude of the spraying equipment does not exceed 30m. A vegetation coverage survey is carried out 6 months after the spraying to ensure that the plant survival rate reaches more than 80%, and a second seeding is carried out if necessary.