High-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool, and relates to the technical field of laser cutting machine tools, the high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool comprises a workbench and an airflow assembly, a workshop is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, a five-axis linkage operation assembly is arranged in the workshop, and a workpiece table is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the workbench; the top end of the gas conveying pipe is connected with a gas distribution pipe. According to the high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool, smoke generated by laser cutting is absorbed, filtered and refrigerated from top to bottom, so that clean cold air flow is sprayed out at a constant speed from top to bottom in a workshop; therefore, the flue gas is limited and prevented from diffusing and rising to be attached to the inner wall of a workshop or the surface of the laser emitting end and a lens at the bottom end of the laser emitting end, impurities in the flue gas are prevented from diffusing randomly while the flue gas is extracted for treatment, the lens is not affected by the attachment of the impurities in the flue gas any more, and the laser cutting effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting machine tools, and in particular to a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool. Background Art

[0002] The three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine is a high-precision CNC processing equipment, which is widely used in the cutting processing of complex three-dimensional curved surface parts. It uses laser beam as a cutting tool and combines with a five-axis linkage control system to achieve multi-angle and multi-directional cutting of workpieces.

[0003] Existing three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machines will generate high-temperature smoke on the surface of the workpiece when emitting laser at the laser emitting end. Usually, the smoke in the workroom is extracted by a vacuum pump. During this process, the smoke will rise from the bottom to the top and diffuse, which makes it easy for impurities in the smoke to adhere to the inner wall of the workroom and the surface of the laser emitting end during the extraction and movement process, and it is easy for impurities to adhere to the lens surface, thus affecting the laser cutting effect and accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, the existing structure and defects are studied and improved, and a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine, comprising a workbench and an airflow component, a workroom is provided on the upper surface of the workbench, and an equipment room is provided on the lower surface of the workbench, a five-axis linkage operation component is provided inside the workroom, a workpiece table is provided in the middle of the upper surface of the workbench, the airflow component is provided on the periphery of the workpiece table, the airflow component comprises an exhaust plate, a filter tank, an exhaust pump, a refrigeration device, an air pipe, an air distribution pipe and a nozzle, the bottom of the exhaust plate is connected to the filter tank through a pipeline, and the bottom of the filter tank is connected to the exhaust pump, the outer wall of the exhaust pump is connected to the refrigeration device through a pipeline, and the top of the refrigeration device is connected to the air pipe, the top of the air pipe is connected to the air distribution pipe, and nozzles are evenly distributed on the bottom of the air distribution pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the air pumping plate is in a ring shape or a strip shape, and the air pumping plate is connected to the air pump through the filter tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter tank, vacuum pump, and refrigeration equipment are located inside the equipment room, and the air distribution pipe and nozzle are located on the top of the inner wall of the workshop.

[0009] Furthermore, the five-axis linkage operation assembly includes a Y-axis screw transmission mechanism and a gantry, and the screw surface of the Y-axis screw transmission mechanism is connected to the gantry via a movable sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the five-axis linkage operation assembly also includes an X-axis screw transmission mechanism, and the top of the gantry is provided with an X-axis screw transmission mechanism.

[0011] Furthermore, the five-axis linkage operation assembly also includes a movable base, and the movable base is sleeved on the surface of the screw of the X-axis screw transmission mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the five-axis linkage operation assembly also includes a Y-axis electric push rod, and the Y-axis electric push rod is fixed on the surface of the mobile base.

[0013] Furthermore, the five-axis linkage operation assembly also includes a first servo motor and a rotating arm. The bottom of the Y-axis electric push rod is connected to the first servo motor, and the bottom end of the first servo motor is connected to the rotating arm.

[0014] Furthermore, the five-axis linkage operation assembly also includes a second servo motor and a laser emitting end. The second servo motor is fixed to the end of the rotating arm, and the end of the second servo motor is connected to the laser emitting end.

[0015] Furthermore, a third servo motor is connected to the bottom of the workbench, and the third servo motor is fixed to the lower surface of the workbench, a control host is arranged inside the equipment room, the screw ends of the X-axis screw transmission mechanism and the screw ends of the Y-axis screw transmission mechanism are both provided with broadband servo motors, and encoders are arranged inside the broadband servo motor, the first servo motor, the second servo motor, and the third servo motor, and the broadband servo motor, the first servo motor, the second servo motor, and the third servo motor are connected to the control host through wires.

[0016] The present invention provides a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. This high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine absorbs, filters and cools the smoke generated by laser cutting in a top-down manner, so that the clean cold air flow is ejected from the top to the bottom at a uniform speed inside the workshop, thereby limiting the smoke and preventing it from diffusing and rising and adhering to the inner wall of the workshop or the surface of the laser emitting end and its bottom lens, which is conducive to extracting the smoke for processing while avoiding the random diffusion of impurities in the smoke. The lens is no longer affected by the attachment of impurities in the smoke, which is conducive to improving the laser cutting effect.

[0018] 2. This high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine has a hollow screen placed on the surface of the exhaust plate, and holes are opened on the surface of the hollow screen to facilitate the passage of the workpiece table. A circular screen is placed on the surface of the workpiece table, and the outer diameter of the circular screen is larger than the hole diameter of the hollow screen on the surface of the exhaust plate. Therefore, when the flue gas passes through the screen, its impurities will adhere to the screen, thereby avoiding a large amount of impurities adhering to the surface of the exhaust plate and the workpiece table. The screen is easy to replace, so it is convenient to ensure the stable placement of the workpiece by replacing the circular screen after each workpiece processing. At the same time, there is no need to frequently clean the impurities on the surface of the exhaust plate and the workpiece table. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a workshop and equipment room of a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of a workshop and equipment room of a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a five-axis linkage operation component of a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation flow structure of a workpiece table of a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure of a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool of the present invention.

[0024] In the figure: 1. workbench; 2. workshop; 3. equipment room; 4. five-axis linkage operation component; 401. Y-axis screw transmission mechanism; 402. gantry; 403. X-axis screw transmission mechanism; 404. mobile base; 405. Y-axis electric push rod; 406. first servo motor; 407. rotating arm; 408. second servo motor; 409. laser transmitting end; 5. worktable; 6. airflow component; 601. exhaust plate; 602. filter tank; 603. exhaust pump; 604. refrigeration equipment; 605. gas pipeline; 606. gas distribution pipe; 607. nozzle; 7. control host; 8. third servo motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool, including a workbench 1 and an airflow component 6, a workroom 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench 1, and an equipment room 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the workbench 1, a five-axis linkage operation component 4 is arranged inside the workroom 2, a workpiece table 5 is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the workbench 1, and the airflow component 6 is arranged on the periphery of the workpiece table 5, and the airflow component 6 includes an exhaust plate 601, a filter tank 602, an exhaust pump 603, a refrigeration device 604, an air delivery pipe 605, an air distribution pipe 606 and a nozzle 607, and the bottom of the exhaust plate 601 is connected to the exhaust pipe 607 through a pipeline. A filter tank 602, and an air pump 603 is connected to the bottom of the filter tank 602, the outer wall of the air pump 603 is connected to a refrigeration device 604 through a pipeline, and the top of the refrigeration device 604 is connected to an air delivery pipe 605, the top of the air delivery pipe 605 is connected to an air distribution pipe 606, and nozzles 607 are evenly distributed on the bottom of the air distribution pipe 606, the air extraction plate 601 is in a ring shape or a strip shape, and the air extraction plate 601 is connected to the air pump 603 through the filter tank 602, the filter tank 602, the air pump 603, and the refrigeration device 604 are located inside the equipment room 3, and the air distribution pipe 606 and the nozzle 607 are located on the top of the inner wall of the workshop 2;

[0027] The specific operation is as follows: when the laser emitting end 409 generates laser at multiple angles to cut the special-shaped workpiece on the surface of the workpiece table 5, high-temperature flue gas is generated. The vacuum pump 603 generates negative air pressure in the micropores on the surface of the vacuum plate 601 to guide the flue gas diffused from the workpiece surface to be sucked into the filter tank 602. The filter material such as activated carbon in the filter tank 602 filters the impurities in the flue gas, and the filtered gas enters the refrigeration equipment 604 for refrigeration to form cold air. The cold air enters the gas distribution pipe 606 along the gas transmission pipe 605 for diversion, and finally the cold air is uniformly ejected downward from each nozzle 607. The cold air flow ejected downward can prevent the smoke generated by cutting from diffusing upward, so that the smoke is confined to the periphery of the vacuum plate 601 so as to be absorbed by it, and the cold air flow ejected downward will pass through the laser emitting end 409, thereby cooling it from the outer surface of the laser emitting end 409 to avoid overheating;

[0028] Based on the above description, the present invention absorbs, filters and cools the smoke generated by laser cutting in a top-down manner, so that the clean cold air flow is ejected from the top to the bottom at a uniform speed inside the workshop 2, thereby limiting the smoke and preventing it from diffusing and rising and adhering to the inner wall of the workshop 2 or the surface of the laser emitting end 409 and the bottom lens thereof, thereby facilitating the extraction of smoke for processing while preventing impurities in the smoke from diffusing at will, and the lens is no longer affected by the attachment of impurities in the smoke, which is beneficial to improving the laser cutting effect, and preventing impurities in the smoke from diffusing and adhering to the lens surface, resulting in inaccurate laser cutting effect;

[0029] Furthermore, the number of exhaust plates 601 is at least one, and their specific shapes can be strips or rings. The maximum number can fill the excess space on the surface of the workbench 1, and the height of the exhaust plate 601 is lower than the height of the worktable 5. In order to prevent the smoke from flowing from top to bottom due to suction and causing impurities to adhere to the surfaces of the worktable 1, the exhaust plate 601, and the worktable 5, a hollow screen can be placed on the surface of the exhaust plate 601, and holes are opened on the surface of the hollow screen to facilitate the passage of the worktable 5. A circular screen is placed on the surface of the worktable 5, and the outer diameter of the circular screen is larger than the hole diameter of the hollow screen on the surface of the exhaust plate 601. As a result, when the smoke passes through the screen, its impurities will adhere to the screen, thereby avoiding the adhesion of a large amount of impurities on the surfaces of the exhaust plate 601 and the worktable 5. The screen is easy to replace, and it is convenient to ensure the stable placement of the workpiece by replacing the circular screen after each workpiece processing. At the same time, there is no need to frequently clean the impurities on the surfaces of the exhaust plate 601 and the worktable 5.

[0030] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the five-axis linkage operation component 4 includes a Y-axis screw drive mechanism 401 and a gantry 402, the screw surface of the Y-axis screw drive mechanism 401 is connected to the gantry 402 through a movable sleeve, the five-axis linkage operation component 4 also includes an X-axis screw drive mechanism 403, and the top of the gantry 402 is provided with an X-axis screw drive mechanism 403, the five-axis linkage operation component 4 also includes a mobile base 404, and the screw surface of the X-axis screw drive mechanism 403 is sleeved with the mobile base 404, the five-axis linkage operation component 4 also includes a Y-axis electric push rod 405, and the surface of the mobile base 404 is fixed with the Y-axis electric push rod 405, the five-axis linkage operation component 4 also includes a first servo motor 406 and a rotating arm 407, the bottom of the Y-axis electric push rod 405 is connected to the first servo motor 406, and the bottom end of the first servo motor 406 is connected to the rotating arm The rotating arm 407, the five-axis linkage operation component 4 also includes a second servo motor 408 and a laser emitting end 409, the end of the rotating arm 407 is fixed with the second servo motor 408, and the end of the second servo motor 408 is connected with the laser emitting end 409, the bottom of the worktable 5 is connected with the third servo motor 8, and the third servo motor 8 is fixed to the lower surface of the worktable 1, and the inside of the equipment room 3 is provided with a control host 7, the screw end of the X-axis screw transmission mechanism 403 and the screw end of the Y-axis screw transmission mechanism 401 are both provided with broadband servo motors, and the broadband servo motor, the first servo motor 406, the second servo motor 408, and the third servo motor 8 are all provided with encoders, and the broadband servo motor, the first servo motor 406, the second servo motor 408, and the third servo motor 8 are connected to the control host 7 through wires;

[0031] The specific operation is as follows: the Y-axis screw transmission mechanism 401 can make the laser emitting end 409 move back and forth along the Y-axis through the forward and reverse rotation of its broadband servo motor. Similarly, the X-axis screw transmission mechanism 403 can make the laser emitting end 409 move back and forth along the X-axis, and the laser emitting end 409 can be raised and lowered back and forth along the Y-axis by the extension and retraction of the Y-axis electric push rod 405. The laser emitting end 409 can be rotated on the horizontal plane to adjust the position by driving the rotating arm 407 by the first servo motor 406. The laser emitting end 409 can be further adjusted by driving the laser emitting end 409 by the second servo motor 408. The broadband servo motor and the first servo motor 406 can be used to drive the laser emitting end 409 to move back and forth along the Y-axis. Motor 406, second servo motor 408, and third servo motor 8 are all provided with encoders inside. The encoders are used to detect the rotation angle of the output shaft of each servo motor and feed it back to the control host 7. The control host 7 plans the cutting path based on the cutting style required by the workpiece, and locates the laser moving path and adjusts the emission angle based on the real-time rotation angle of each servo motor, thereby accurately controlling the cutting effect to improve the precision of laser cutting. On this basis, the third servo motor 8 will also drive the workpiece table 5 to rotate, so that the workpiece on the surface of the workpiece table 5 rotates accordingly to cooperate with the position angle adjustment of the laser emission end 409 to reduce the difficulty of processing special-shaped workpieces.

[0032] In summary, when the high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine is used, first, the Y-axis lead screw transmission mechanism 401 can make the laser emitting end 409 move back and forth along the Y-axis through the forward and reverse rotation of its broadband servo motor, and similarly, the X-axis lead screw transmission mechanism 403 can make the laser emitting end 409 move back and forth along the X-axis, and the laser emitting end 409 can be raised and lowered back and forth along the Y-axis through the extension and retraction of the Y-axis electric push rod 405, and the laser emitting end 409 can be rotated on the horizontal plane to adjust the position by driving the rotating arm 407 to rotate by the first servo motor 406, and the laser emitting end 409 can be further adjusted by driving the laser emitting end 409 by the second servo motor 408, and the broadband The servo motor, the first servo motor 406, the second servo motor 408, and the third servo motor 8 are all provided with encoders, which are used to detect the rotation angle of the output shaft of each servo motor and feed it back to the control host 7. The control host 7 plans the cutting path based on the cutting style required by the workpiece, and locates the laser moving path and adjusts the emission angle based on the real-time rotation angle of each servo motor, thereby accurately controlling the cutting effect to improve the precision of laser cutting. On this basis, the third servo motor 8 will also drive the workpiece table 5 to rotate, so that the workpiece on the surface of the workpiece table 5 rotates accordingly to cooperate with the position angle adjustment of the laser emission end 409 to reduce the difficulty of processing special-shaped workpieces;

[0033] When the laser emitting end 409 generates laser at multiple angles to cut the special-shaped workpiece on the surface of the workpiece table 5, high-temperature flue gas will be generated. The vacuum pump 603 generates negative air pressure in the micropores on the surface of the vacuum plate 601 to guide the flue gas diffused from the workpiece surface to be sucked into the filter tank 602. The filter material such as activated carbon in the filter tank 602 filters the impurities in the flue gas, and the filtered gas enters the refrigeration equipment 604 for cooling to form cold air. The cold air enters the gas distribution pipe 606 along the gas supply pipe 605 for diversion, and finally the cold air is ejected downward at a uniform speed from each nozzle 607. The cold air flow ejected downward can prevent the smoke generated by the cutting from diffusing upward, so that the smoke is confined to the periphery of the vacuum plate 601 so as to be absorbed by it, and the cold air flow ejected downward will pass through the laser emitting end 409, thereby cooling it from the outer surface of the laser emitting end 409 to avoid overheating.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

Claims

1. A high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool, comprising a workbench (1) and an airflow component (6), characterized in that: A workroom (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench (1), and an equipment room (3) is arranged on the lower surface of the workbench (1); a five-axis linkage operation component (4) is arranged inside the workroom (2); a workpiece table (5) is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the workbench (1); the airflow component (6) is arranged on the periphery of the workpiece table (5); the airflow component (6) comprises an air extraction plate (601), a filter tank (602), an air extraction pump (603), a refrigeration device (604), an air delivery pipe (605), a distributor The bottom of the air extraction plate (601) is connected to the filter tank (602) through a pipeline, and the bottom of the filter tank (602) is connected to the air extraction pump (603). The outer wall of the air extraction pump (603) is connected to the refrigeration equipment (604) through a pipeline, and the top of the refrigeration equipment (604) is connected to the air supply pipe (605). The top of the air supply pipe (605) is connected to the air distribution pipe (606), and the bottom of the air distribution pipe (606) is evenly distributed with nozzles (607).

2. A high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air extraction plate (601) is in a ring shape or a strip shape, and the air extraction plate (601) is connected to the air extraction pump (603) through the filter tank (602).

3. The high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter tank (602), the vacuum pump (603), and the refrigeration equipment (604) are located inside the equipment room (3), and the gas distribution pipe (606) and the nozzle (607) are located on the top of the inner wall of the workroom (2).

4. The high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The five-axis linkage operation assembly (4) comprises a Y-axis screw transmission mechanism (401) and a gantry (402), and the screw surface of the Y-axis screw transmission mechanism (401) is connected to the gantry (402) via a movable sleeve.

5. A high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The five-axis linkage operation assembly (4) further comprises an X-axis screw transmission mechanism (403), and the top of the gantry (402) is provided with the X-axis screw transmission mechanism (403).

6. The high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The five-axis linkage operation assembly (4) further comprises a movable base (404), and the movable base (404) is sleeved on the surface of the screw rod of the X-axis screw rod transmission mechanism (403).

7. A high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The five-axis linkage operation assembly (4) further comprises a Y-axis electric push rod (405), and the surface of the movable base (404) is fixed with the Y-axis electric push rod (405).

8. The high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The five-axis linkage operation assembly (4) further comprises a first servo motor (406) and a rotating arm (407); the bottom of the Y-axis electric push rod (405) is connected to the first servo motor (406), and the bottom end of the first servo motor (406) is connected to the rotating arm (407).

9. The high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The five-axis linkage operation assembly (4) further comprises a second servo motor (408) and a laser emitting end (409); the second servo motor (408) is fixed to the end of the rotating arm (407), and the end of the second servo motor (408) is connected to the laser emitting end (409).

10. The high-precision three-dimensional five-axis laser cutting machine tool according to claim 9, characterized in that: A third servo motor (8) is connected to the bottom of the workbench (5), and the third servo motor (8) is fixed to the lower surface of the workbench (1); a control host (7) is arranged inside the equipment room (3); the ends of the screw rods of the X-axis screw rod transmission mechanism (403) and the ends of the screw rods of the Y-axis screw rod transmission mechanism (401) are both provided with broadband servo motors; and encoders are arranged inside the broadband servo motor, the first servo motor (406), the second servo motor (408), and the third servo motor (8); and the broadband servo motor, the first servo motor (406), the second servo motor (408), and the third servo motor (8) are connected to the control host (7) via wires.

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