Expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials and method for operating the same

Abstract

The application discloses an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on a composite functional material and a running method thereof, which comprises a reactor main tank body, an input water distribution mechanism arranged at the bottom of the reactor main tank body, a three-phase separation mechanism arranged in the reactor main tank body, and a reflux mechanism arranged on the reactor main tank body; the input water distribution mechanism comprises a water distribution collection input ring shell which is fixed to the lower end of the outer side of the reactor main tank body and is annular and hollow, a plurality of water distribution input through grooves are arranged on the side wall of the reactor main tank body and are communicated with the water distribution collection input ring shell, and a water distribution input guide pipe is arranged in the water distribution input through groove; a cyclone gas-liquid separator is fixed to the top of the reactor main tank body and is communicated with the reactor main tank body, and a biogas collecting device is connected to the gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator; the reactor can strengthen mass transfer and separation, a large height-diameter ratio can form an elongated flow channel, the path of wastewater flow is long, the wastewater can fully contact with the granular sludge, the mass transfer efficiency is improved, and the separation of gas, liquid and solid three phases is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] In wastewater treatment, nitrogen and phosphorus removal are critical steps because they are the main nutrients leading to eutrophication. Traditional biological nitrogen removal technologies, such as the activated sludge process, typically involve nitrification and denitrification processes, which are energy-intensive, costly to operate, and require additional organic carbon sources. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAO), as an emerging wastewater treatment technology, can directly convert ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen gas without the need for additional organic carbon sources, demonstrating higher energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

[0003] However, anammox processes face several challenges in practical applications, particularly the stability and regeneration capacity of granular sludge. The stability of granular sludge is crucial for maintaining efficient reactor operation, while its regeneration capacity relates to the reactor's long-term stability and operational sustainability. In EGSB (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) reactors, the performance of granular sludge is influenced by various factors, including the structure of the microbial community, the physical structure of the particles, and their chemical composition.

[0004] Although existing studies have explored the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of anammox granular sludge, our understanding of the mechanisms of granule formation, growth, and regeneration remains limited. In particular, in-depth research is lacking on how the internal microstructure and chemical composition of the granules affect their performance, and how to optimize the stability and regeneration capacity of granular sludge by modulating these factors.

[0005] Furthermore, phosphorus recovery, another important goal of wastewater treatment, typically requires additional chemical precipitation processes, which increases operational complexity and cost. Integrating phosphorus recovery with nitrogen removal processes would significantly improve the efficiency and economy of wastewater treatment. Hydroxyapatite, as an important phosphorus recovery material, has been extensively studied for its chemical precipitation. However, combining hydroxyapatite with anaerobic ammonium oxidation granular sludge to achieve simultaneous removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus remains a challenge.

[0006] In summary, anaerobic ammonium oxidation-hydroxyapatite coupled particles exhibited highly efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal capabilities in EGSB reactors. However, to further enhance their adaptability and stability in complex wastewater treatment environments, novel composite materials need to be developed to improve their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials and its operation method. By combining anaerobic ammonia oxidation-hydroxyapatite coupled particles with other functional materials, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and stability in wastewater treatment can be improved.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials includes a reactor main tank, an input water distribution mechanism at the bottom of the reactor main tank, a three-phase separation mechanism inside the reactor main tank, and a reflux mechanism on the reactor main tank.

[0010] The water distribution mechanism includes a hollow, annular water distribution collection and input ring shell fixed to the lower outer side of the main tank of the reactor. The side wall of the main tank of the reactor has multiple water distribution input channels that communicate with the water distribution collection and input ring shell. A water distribution input guide pipe is provided in the water distribution input channel.

[0011] A cyclone gas-liquid separator is fixed to the top of the main tank of the reactor and connected to it. The gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator is connected to a biogas collection device, and the liquid phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator is connected to the reactor's main drain pipe.

[0012] The three-phase separation mechanism includes a three-phase separation support body fixed inside the main tank of the reactor. The three-phase separation support body has multiple vertically penetrating three-phase separation receiving holes, and a three-phase separator is fixed in the three-phase separation receiving holes.

[0013] The three-phase separator includes a three-phase separator outer shell with the opening facing downwards, and multiple flow guiding and deflection ring shells and flow guiding and gas collecting cone shells are fixed inside the three-phase separator outer shell;

[0014] The lower edge of the flow guiding and reversing ring shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder shell of the three-phase separator. There is a gap between the lower edge of the flow guiding and collecting cone shell and the inner wall of the outer cylinder shell of the three-phase separator to form a reversing liquid phase rising channel. The top of the flow guiding and collecting cone shell is fixed with a gas collecting and discharging pipe that is connected to its interior.

[0015] The lower edge of the flow-guiding and reversing annular shell has multiple vertically penetrating solid phase falling channels;

[0016] The top of the outer shell of the three-phase separator is fixed with multiple vertically extending liquid phase discharge pipes that are connected to its interior.

[0017] The top of the outer shell of the three-phase separator is fixed with a gas collection and distribution pipe, and each gas collection and discharge pipe is connected to the gas collection and distribution pipe.

[0018] Preferably, the water distribution input guide pipe is connected to the side wall of the reactor main tank through a guide deflection adjustment mechanism. The guide deflection adjustment mechanism includes a deflection adjustment support shaft that is fixed on the upper and lower sides of the water distribution input guide pipe and extends vertically coaxially. A deflection adjustment support seat is fixed on the outer side wall of the reactor main tank inside the water distribution collection input ring shell. A deflection adjustment support seat is fixed on the upper and lower sides of each water distribution input channel. The deflection adjustment support seat has a vertically extending deflection adjustment shaft connection hole, and the deflection adjustment support shaft is rotatably connected in the deflection adjustment shaft connection hole.

[0019] Explanation: The orientation of the water distribution input guide pipe can be adjusted by using the guide deflection adjustment mechanism. The deflection adjustment support shaft is driven by a servo motor fixed on the deflection adjustment support base to rotate around the vertical axis through gear transmission. The deflection adjustment support shaft then drives the water distribution input guide pipe to rotate together, thereby realizing the orientation adjustment of the water distribution input guide pipe.

[0020] Preferably, a water distribution input guide cone is fixed at the bottom of the main tank of the reactor. The outer side of the water distribution input guide cone has a concave conical structure, and multiple water distribution input guide plates are fixed on the outer side of the water distribution input guide cone.

[0021] The water distribution input guide plate is divided into a spiral guide section and a vertical guide section. The spiral guide section extends spirally around the vertical axis of the water distribution input guide cone, while the vertical guide section extends along the vertical plane.

[0022] Explanation: The water distribution input guide cone and multiple water distribution input guide plates ensure uniform water distribution at the bottom of the reactor, allowing wastewater to be evenly distributed across the reactor's cross-section. This prevents localized short-circuiting or dead zones and ensures that granular sludge in all parts of the reactor can fully contact the wastewater.

[0023] Preferably, multiple micro-swirling flow guide vanes are fixed on both the inner and outer walls of the flow guiding and reversing annular shell, and the micro-swirling flow guide vanes are arranged spirally around the vertical axis of the flow guiding and reversing annular shell.

[0024] Note: The micro-vortex guide vane can force the wastewater flowing through the guide and return ring shell to generate micro-vortex flow, which is beneficial to further promote solid-liquid separation.

[0025] Preferably, the reflux mechanism includes multiple reflux initial discharge pipes connected to the interior of the reactor main tank, and multiple reflux mixing input pipes connected to the interior of the water distribution and collection input ring are fixed at the top of the ring. The multiple reflux initial discharge pipes and the multiple reflux mixing input pipes are connected one-to-one by multiple reflux conveying pumps.

[0026] The outer wall of the main tank of the reactor has multiple internal and external communication holes for the initial return pipe, and multiple initial return pipes are sealed and slidably connected in each initial return pipe connection hole.

[0027] Multiple upward-opening reflux pipe drive fixed cylinders are fixed on the outside of the main tank of the reactor. A downward-opening reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder is slidably connected to the outside of the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder. Multiple initial reflux discharge pipes are fixedly connected to each reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder. A reflux pipe drive telescopic rod for driving the reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder to move is provided inside the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder.

[0028] The initial reflux outlet pipe is connected to the input end of the reflux delivery pump, and the reflux mixing inlet pipe is connected to the output end of the reflux delivery pump.

[0029] Explanation: The return pipe is driven by a telescopic rod to move the return pipe sliding cylinder together with the initial return discharge pipe along the axis of the return pipe driving fixed cylinder. This adjusts the specific position of the initial return discharge pipe at one end of the reactor main tank, thereby adjusting the quality of the returned water to achieve different wastewater treatment effects.

[0030] Preferably, a temperature control mechanism is provided inside the main tank of the reactor. The temperature control mechanism includes a temperature control adjustment support ring that is fixed inside the main tank of the reactor and extends vertically. The inside of the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring is a hollow structure. A temperature control channel partition that extends spirally around the axis of the temperature control adjustment support ring is fixed inside the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring. The temperature control channel partition divides the inside of the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring into a temperature control flow channel that extends spirally around the axis of the temperature control adjustment support ring.

[0031] A temperature control heat exchange input pipe and a temperature control heat exchange output pipe, which are respectively connected to both ends of the temperature control flow channel, are fixed on the outside of the temperature control adjustment support ring.

[0032] Multiple thermometers are arranged vertically on the side wall of the main tank of the reactor.

[0033] Explanation: Based on the monitoring data of the thermometer, the temperature of the wastewater in the main tank of the reactor is regulated by the temperature control mechanism. Water at a specific temperature is introduced into the temperature control support ring through the temperature control heat exchange input pipe using a delivery pump. The water at the specific temperature flows along the temperature control flow channel in the temperature control support ring and exchanges heat with the temperature control support ring. Then, the temperature control support ring comes into contact with the wastewater for heat exchange, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the temperature of the wastewater.

[0034] Preferably, multiple vertically extending temperature-controlled heat-conducting fins are fixed to both the inner and outer walls of the temperature-controlled adjustment support ring.

[0035] The top of the temperature control adjustment support ring is rotatably connected to a flow auxiliary drive ring arranged coaxially with it, and multiple flow auxiliary drive blades are fixed on both the inner and outer sides of the flow auxiliary drive ring.

[0036] An auxiliary flow drive support ring is fixed on the outer side of the temperature control adjustment support ring near the top, and an auxiliary flow drive rotating ring is rotatably connected to the auxiliary flow drive support ring. The auxiliary flow drive rotating ring is fixedly connected to the flow auxiliary drive ring.

[0037] Explanation: The auxiliary flow drive rotating ring drives the flow auxiliary drive ring and multiple flow auxiliary drive blades to rotate together, driving the wastewater to flow along the axial direction of the temperature control support ring, so that the wastewater can have more complete contact with the temperature control support ring for heat exchange.

[0038] Preferably, the main tank of the reactor is provided with a segmented sampling mechanism, which includes a sampling connecting pipe fixed to the outer wall of the main tank of the reactor and connected to its interior. The sampling connecting pipe has a sampling connecting control valve. A sampling distribution cylinder is fixed to the outer end of the sampling connecting pipe and coaxially connected to it. A sampling dividing piston is slidably connected inside the sampling distribution cylinder. The sampling dividing piston divides the interior of the sampling distribution cylinder into a sample temporary storage chamber and a gas pressure buffer chamber.

[0039] The sample storage chamber is connected to the sampling connecting tube. A sampling discharge tube connected to the sample storage chamber is fixed on the outside of the sampling distribution tube. The sampling discharge tube is equipped with a sampling discharge control valve.

[0040] The sampling separator piston is fixed with a manual push rod at one end of the air pressure buffer chamber. The manual push rod is slidably connected to the outer end of the sampling distribution cylinder and extends to the outside of the sampling distribution cylinder.

[0041] Explanation: The segmented sampling mechanism is used to sample and test the wastewater during treatment. By utilizing the pressure balance between the sample storage chamber and the air pressure buffer chamber, the disturbance to the inside of the reactor main tank is minimized as much as possible during the sampling process.

[0042] Preferably, the bottom of the reactor main tank is provided with a stirring mechanism, and the top of the water distribution input guide cone has a vertically extending stirring mechanism receiving hole. The stirring mechanism includes a stirring drive support cylinder shell that is slidably connected in the stirring mechanism receiving hole. A stirring support column is rotatably connected to the top of the stirring drive support cylinder shell. The outer wall of the stirring support column has multiple vertically extending stirring blade hiding grooves, and stirring drive blades are connected in the stirring blade hiding grooves.

[0043] A blade connecting seat is fixed at the bottom of the hidden groove of the stirring blade, and a blade connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the blade connecting seat. The lower end of the stirring drive blade is fixedly connected to the blade connecting shaft.

[0044] The rotating shaft at the lower end of the stirring support column extends into the inside of the stirring drive support cylinder shell, and a stirring drive motor for driving the stirring support column to rotate is fixed inside the stirring drive support cylinder shell.

[0045] The bottom of the mixing mechanism receiving hole is equipped with an extended driving rod for driving the mixing drive support shell to move up and down.

[0046] Explanation: The stirring mechanism is used to stir the wastewater at low speed to ensure that the wastewater and composite granular sludge come into full contact. During non-working periods, the stirring mechanism can be easily retracted and stored in the stirring mechanism receiving hole.

[0047] Preferably, the operation method of the expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials, based on the above-mentioned expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials, includes the following steps:

[0048] S1. Wastewater Treatment:

[0049] The wastewater to be treated is fed into the main tank of the reactor through the water distribution mechanism. The main tank of the reactor contains composite granular sludge.

[0050] The composite granular sludge was inoculated with anammox bacteria at an inoculation rate of 25–35 g VSS / L to carry out anaerobic reaction on the wastewater, and the treatment was carried out at 23–27°C for 18–30 hours.

[0051] The wastewater to be treated is fed into the distribution and collection ring shell by a transfer pump. The wastewater in the distribution and collection ring shell then passes through each distribution and collection channel into the main tank of the reactor.

[0052] As the wastewater passes through each water distribution inlet channel, the flow direction of the wastewater is guided by the water distribution inlet guide pipe, so that the flow direction of the wastewater is at a certain angle to the radial direction of the main tank of the reactor, that is, the wastewater can generate a swirling flow around the axis of the main tank of the reactor after flowing into the main tank of the reactor.

[0053] S2, Three-phase separation:

[0054] Wastewater flows from bottom to top in the main tank of the reactor. The three-phase separator simply divides the main tank into the upper section and the lower section of the main tank. Multiple three-phase separators are used to perform three-phase separation treatment on the wastewater.

[0055] Wastewater flows from bottom to top through the outer shell of the three-phase separator. When it flows through the guide and return ring shell, it is forced to converge towards the center, which is conducive to the fusion of bubbles in the wastewater. The gas phase in the wastewater rises under the action of buoyancy and gathers at the top of the guide and gas collection cone shell. The gas phase is discharged through the gas collection outlet pipe and collected in the gas collection main pipe.

[0056] Under the obstruction of the flow-guiding gas collection cone shell, the liquid phase in the wastewater flows back through the gap between the top of the flow-guiding return ring shell and the bottom of the flow-guiding gas collection cone shell and then flows to the return liquid phase rising channel. The liquid phase in the wastewater continues to flow from bottom to top through the return liquid phase rising channel.

[0057] The solid phase in the wastewater falls down along the outer wall of the guide ring under the action of gravity, and finally falls back to the bottom of the main tank of the reactor through the solid phase falling channels.

[0058] Finally, the liquid phase that rises to the top of the outer shell of the three-phase separator can be discharged through the liquid phase discharge pipes.

[0059] Under the separation action of multiple flow guiding and deflecting ring shells and flow guiding and gas collecting cone shells, the wastewater in the lower section of the main tank is separated into three phases: gas, liquid, and solid. The gas phase is collected by being discharged through the gas collecting and summing pipe, while the solid phase falls back to the bottom of the reactor main tank. The liquid phase is discharged into the upper section of the main tank through each liquid phase discharge pipe.

[0060] S3, Reflux processing:

[0061] Wastewater in the upper section of the main tank is recycled through a reflux mechanism;

[0062] The reflux ratio is 2.5;

[0063] S4, Separate Outflow

[0064] The wastewater treated in the upper section of the main tank then flows from bottom to top through a cyclone gas-liquid separator. The cyclone gas-liquid separator further separates the gas phase in the wastewater. The gas phase separated from the gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator is collected by a biogas collection device, and the liquid phase separated from the liquid phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator is discharged through the reactor's main drain pipe.

[0065] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects:

[0066] 1. This invention features a rationally designed structure with highly efficient mass transfer performance. The composite functional material possesses a unique physical structure that provides excellent flow channels for sludge and wastewater, enabling thorough contact and mixing between the wastewater and granular sludge. In the EGSB reactor, this characteristic promotes substrate transfer from the bulk liquid phase to the surface of the granular sludge, thereby improving mass transfer efficiency.

[0067] 2. The composite functional material of the present invention has high porosity. The composite functional material used often has high porosity, which provides more space for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and is also conducive to the mass transfer process between gas, liquid and solid particles.

[0068] 3. The reactor of this invention possesses excellent microbial attachment and immobilization properties. The composite functional material, through adjustment of its composition and surface modification, can possess suitable surface charge, roughness, and chemical functional groups, which is beneficial for microbial attachment and immobilization. Microorganisms can form a stable biofilm on the material surface, increasing the concentration and activity of microorganisms and enhancing the reactor's processing capacity.

[0069] 4. The reactor of the present invention can enhance mass transfer and separation, has a large height-to-diameter ratio, and occupies a small area. The large height-to-diameter ratio can form a long and narrow flow channel. After the wastewater enters from the bottom, the upward flow path is longer, which can fully contact the granular sludge, prolong the mass transfer time, improve the mass transfer efficiency, and at the same time, facilitate the separation of gas, liquid and solid phases. The gas is more likely to be discharged from the top during the rising process, while the granular sludge is more likely to settle to the bottom of the reactor under the action of gravity, reducing sludge loss.

[0070] 5. The reactor of the present invention has uniform water distribution at the bottom, which can make the wastewater evenly distributed on the cross-section of the reactor, avoiding local water flow short circuits or dead zones, ensuring that the granular sludge in all parts of the reactor can fully contact the wastewater, giving full play to the treatment capacity of the entire reactor, providing uniform hydraulic conditions for the granular sludge, allowing the granular sludge to expand uniformly in the reactor, forming a good fluidization state, which is conducive to improving the mixing degree and mass transfer efficiency of sludge and wastewater, and promoting the full contact and reaction between microorganisms and substrates;

[0071] 6. The reactor of this invention is equipped with a high-efficiency three-phase separator, which can effectively separate gas, liquid and solid particles. Through the special design of guide plate or baffle plate, the gas is quickly separated from the mixed liquid and discharged from the reactor through the gas collection pipe. The sedimentation zone provides sufficient sedimentation space and time for granular sludge, allowing the sludge to settle quickly. The solid phase fall channel design ensures that the settled sludge can be smoothly returned to the reaction zone at the bottom of the reactor, maintaining the sludge concentration in the reactor.

[0072] 7. The reactor of the present invention has a highly efficient and adjustable reflux design, which improves the treatment efficiency. Part of the treated effluent is refluxed back to the bottom of the reactor, mixed with the influent, and then re-enters the reactor for treatment. This can increase the hydraulic load in the reactor, enhance the contact and mixing degree between wastewater and granular sludge, and improve the removal efficiency of pollutants. In particular, for some recalcitrant pollutants, reflux can increase their residence time in the reactor, giving them more opportunities to come into contact with microorganisms and be degraded.

[0073] 8. The reactor of the present invention has enhanced pollutant removal capacity and broad-spectrum pollutant adaptability. The composite functional material can be loaded with active components with different functions, enabling the EGSB reactor to treat multiple types of pollutants simultaneously. It has good removal effects on pollutants such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, improving the treatment efficiency of the reactor and the quality of effluent. It also has deep treatment capabilities. By utilizing the special properties of the composite functional material, such as adsorption and catalysis, it can achieve deep treatment of some recalcitrant pollutants, transforming them into substances that are more easily biodegradable, and further improving the pollutant removal rate. Attached Figure Description

[0074] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water distribution mechanism of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view;

[0077] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water distribution input guide cone of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-phase separator of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flow-guiding and reversing annular shell of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the initial external discharge pipe of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control mechanism of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 9 This is a top view of the flow-assisted drive ring of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented sampling mechanism of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring mechanism of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 12 This is a top view of the stirring support column of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirring drive blade of the present invention.

[0087] In the diagram, 10-reactor main tank, 11-cyclone gas-liquid separator, 12-biogas collection device, 13-reactor main drain pipe, 20-input water distribution mechanism, 21-water distribution main input ring shell, 210-water distribution input channel, 211-water distribution input single pipe, 22-water distribution input guide pipe, 23-guide deflection adjustment mechanism, 231-deflection adjustment support shaft, 232-deflection adjustment support seat, 2320-deflection adjustment shaft connection hole, 24-water distribution input guide cone, 241-water distribution input guide plate, 2411-spiral guide section, 2412- Vertical guide section, 30-three-phase separation mechanism, 31-three-phase separation support, 310-three-phase separation receiving hole, 32-three-phase separator, 321-three-phase separator outer shell, 322-guide and deflection ring shell, 3220-solid phase falling channel, 3221-micro-vortex guide vane, 323-guide and gas collecting cone shell, 3230-deflection liquid phase rising channel, 3231-gas collecting outlet pipe, 324-liquid phase outlet pipe, 325-gas collecting main pipe, 40-reflux mechanism, 41-reflux initial outlet pipe, 410-reflux initial pipe connection hole, 42-reflux mixing Input pipe, 43-Return transfer pump, 441-Return pipe drive fixed cylinder, 442-Return pipe drive sliding cylinder, 443-Return pipe drive telescopic rod, 50-Temperature control mechanism, 501-Thermometer, 51-Temperature control adjustment support ring, 511-Temperature control channel partition, 510-Temperature control flow channel, 512-Temperature control heat exchange input pipe, 513-Temperature control heat exchange output pipe, 52-Temperature control heat conduction fins, 53-Flow auxiliary drive ring, 530-Flow auxiliary drive blades, 531-Auxiliary flow drive support ring, 532-Auxiliary flow drive rotating ring, 60-Segmented Sampling mechanism, 61-sampling connecting pipe, 610-sampling connecting control valve, 62-sampling distribution cylinder, 621-sample temporary storage chamber, 622-air pressure buffer chamber, 63-sampling separating piston, 64-sampling discharge pipe, 640-sampling discharge control valve, 65-manual push rod, 70-stirring mechanism, 701-stirring mechanism receiving hole, 71-stirring drive support cylinder shell, 711-stirring drive motor, 72-stirring support column, 720-stirring blade hiding groove, 721-blade connecting seat, 722-blade connecting shaft, 73-stirring drive blade. Detailed Implementation

[0088] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 13 The present invention will be described in detail. For ease of description, the orientations mentioned below are defined as follows: The directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back mentioned below are consistent with the directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back in the projection relationship of the respective main view or structural schematic diagram.

[0089] Example 1:

[0090] Expanded granular sludge bed reactors based on composite functional materials, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a reactor main tank 10, a water inlet distribution mechanism 20 at the bottom of the reactor main tank 10, a three-phase separation mechanism 30 inside the reactor main tank 10, and a reflux mechanism 40 on the reactor main tank 10.

[0091] The main tank 10 of the reactor has a tapered structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom;

[0092] like Figure 1 As shown, a cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 is fixed on the top of the main tank 10 of the reactor and is connected thereto. The gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 is connected to a biogas collection device 12, and the liquid phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 is connected to the reactor's main drain pipe 13.

[0093] The cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 is a prior art cyclone gas-liquid separator, and the biogas collection device 12 is a prior art biogas collection device;

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown, the water distribution mechanism 20 includes a hollow, annular water distribution and collection ring shell 21 fixed to the lower outer side of the reactor main tank 10. Figure 2 As shown, the side wall of the reactor main tank 10 has multiple water distribution input channels 210 that are connected to the water distribution collection input ring shell 21, and a water distribution input guide pipe 22 is provided in the water distribution input channel 210.

[0095] Multiple water distribution input single pipes 211 connected to the inside are fixed on the outside of the water distribution input ring shell 21.

[0096] like Figure 2 As shown, the water distribution input guide pipe 22 is connected to the side wall of the reactor main tank 10 through the guide deflection adjustment mechanism 23. The guide deflection adjustment mechanism 23 includes a deflection adjustment support shaft 231 that is fixed on the upper and lower sides of the water distribution input guide pipe 22 and extends vertically coaxially. A deflection adjustment support seat 232 is fixed on the outer side wall of the reactor main tank 10 inside the water distribution and input ring shell 21. A deflection adjustment support seat 232 is fixed on the upper and lower sides of each water distribution input channel 210. The deflection adjustment support seat 232 has a vertically extending deflection adjustment shaft connection hole 2320. The deflection adjustment support shaft 231 is rotatably connected in the deflection adjustment shaft connection hole 2320.

[0097] The deflection adjustment support shaft 231 is driven by a prior art servo motor fixed on the deflection adjustment support base 232 to rotate around the vertical axis via gear transmission;

[0098] like Figure 1 As shown, a water distribution input guide cone 24 is fixed at the bottom of the reactor main tank 10. The outer side of the water distribution input guide cone 24 is a concave cone structure. Multiple water distribution input guide plates 241 are fixed on the outer side of the water distribution input guide cone 24.

[0099] like Figure 4 As shown, the water distribution input guide plate 241 is divided into a spiral guide section 2411 and a vertical guide section 2412. The spiral guide section 2411 extends spirally around the vertical axis of the water distribution input guide cone 24, and the vertical guide section 2412 extends along the vertical plane.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, the three-phase separation mechanism 30 includes a three-phase separation support 31 fixed inside the reactor main tank 10. The three-phase separation support 31 has a plurality of vertically penetrating three-phase separation receiving holes 310, and a three-phase separator 32 is fixed in the three-phase separation receiving holes 310.

[0101] like Figure 5 As shown, the three-phase separator 32 includes a three-phase separator outer shell 321 with the opening facing downward. Multiple flow guiding and deflection ring shells 322 and flow guiding and gas collecting cone shells 323 are fixed inside the three-phase separator outer shell 321.

[0102] The flow guiding and reversing ring shell 322 is a conical ring structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, while the flow guiding and gas collecting cone shell 323 is a cone-shaped shell with the tip pointing upwards.

[0103] Multiple flow-guiding and reversing annular shells 322 and flow-guiding and gas-collecting cone shells 323 are arranged alternately from bottom to top inside the outer shell 321 of the three-phase separator.

[0104] The lower edge of the flow guiding and reversing ring shell 322 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder shell 321 of the three-phase separator. There is a gap between the lower edge of the flow guiding and collecting cone shell 323 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder shell 321 of the three-phase separator to form a reversing liquid phase rising channel 3230. The top of the flow guiding and collecting cone shell 323 is fixed with a gas collecting and discharging pipe 3231 that communicates with its interior.

[0105] The lower edge of the flow guiding and reversing annular shell 322 has multiple vertically penetrating solid phase falling channels 3220;

[0106] Multiple vertically extending liquid phase discharge pipes 324 are fixed to the top of the outer shell 321 of the three-phase separator.

[0107] The top of the outer shell 321 of the three-phase separator is fixed with a gas collection and distribution pipe 325, and each gas collection and discharge pipe 3231 is connected to the gas collection and distribution pipe 325.

[0108] like Figure 6 As shown, multiple micro-swirling flow guide vanes 3221 are fixed on both the inner and outer walls of the flow guide and deflection ring shell 322. The micro-swirling flow guide vanes 3221 are spirally extended around the vertical axis of the flow guide and deflection ring shell 322.

[0109] like Figure 1As shown, the reflux mechanism 40 includes multiple reflux initial discharge pipes 41 that are connected to the inside of the reactor main tank 10. Multiple reflux mixing input pipes 42 that are connected to the inside of the water distribution and collection input ring shell 21 are fixed at the top. The multiple reflux initial discharge pipes 41 and the multiple reflux mixing input pipes 42 are connected one-to-one by multiple reflux delivery pumps 43.

[0110] Example 2:

[0111] This embodiment describes the operation method of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials. According to the expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials in Embodiment 1 above, the method includes the following steps:

[0112] S1. Wastewater Treatment:

[0113] The wastewater to be treated is fed into the reactor main tank 10 through the water distribution mechanism 20. The reactor main tank 10 contains composite granular sludge.

[0114] The composite granular sludge was inoculated with anammox bacteria at an inoculation rate of 25 g VSS / L to anaerobicly react with the wastewater and treat it at 23°C for 30 hours.

[0115] Anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria include commercially available Broca's anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Stuttgart's Cucurbita, propionate anaerobic ammonia oxidizing cocci, and Moscow anaerobic ammonia oxidizing microbes;

[0116] The wastewater to be treated is fed into the water distribution and collection ring 21 through each water distribution input single pipe 211 using a transfer pump. The wastewater in the water distribution and collection ring 21 then passes through each water distribution input channel 210 and enters the reactor main tank 10.

[0117] As the wastewater passes through each water distribution inlet channel 210, the water distribution inlet guide pipe 22 guides the flow of the wastewater, so that the flow of the wastewater is at a certain angle to the radial direction of the reactor main tank 10. This allows the wastewater to flow into the reactor main tank 10 and then generate a swirling flow around the axis of the reactor main tank 10.

[0118] Furthermore, the orientation of the water distribution input guide pipe 22 can be adjusted by using the guide deflection adjustment mechanism 23. The deflection adjustment support shaft 231 is driven by a servo motor fixed on the deflection adjustment support seat 232 to rotate around the vertical axis through gear transmission. The deflection adjustment support shaft 231 then drives the water distribution input guide pipe 22 to rotate together, thereby realizing the adjustment of the orientation of the water distribution input guide pipe 22.

[0119] S2, Three-phase separation:

[0120] Wastewater flows from bottom to top in the main tank 10 of the reactor. The three-phase separator 32 simply divides the main tank 10 into the upper section and the lower section of the main tank. Multiple three-phase separators 32 are used to perform three-phase separation treatment on the wastewater.

[0121] Wastewater flows from bottom to top through the outer shell 321 of the three-phase separator. When it flows through the guide and return ring shell 322, it is forced to converge towards the center, which is conducive to the fusion of bubbles in the wastewater. The gas phase in the wastewater rises under the action of buoyancy and gathers at the top of the guide and gas collection cone shell 323. The gas phase is discharged through the gas collection outlet pipe 3231 and collected in the gas collection and summing pipe 325.

[0122] Under the obstruction of the flow-guiding gas collection cone shell 323, the liquid phase in the wastewater flows back through the gap between the top of the flow-guiding return ring shell 322 and the bottom of the flow-guiding gas collection cone shell 323 and then flows to the return liquid phase rising channel 3230. The liquid phase in the wastewater continues to flow from bottom to top through the return liquid phase rising channel 3230.

[0123] The solid phase in the wastewater falls along the outer wall of the guide ring shell 322 under the action of gravity, and finally falls back to the bottom of the reactor main tank 10 through the solid phase falling channels 3220.

[0124] Finally, the liquid phase that rises to the top of the outer shell 321 of the three-phase separator can be discharged through the liquid phase discharge pipes 324.

[0125] Under the separation action of multiple flow guiding and deflecting ring shells 322 and flow guiding and gas collecting cone shells 323, the wastewater in the lower section of the main tank is separated into three phases: gas, liquid, and solid. The gas phase is discharged and collected through the gas collecting pipe 325, while the solid phase falls back to the bottom of the reactor main tank 10. The liquid phase is discharged into the upper section of the main tank through each liquid phase discharge pipe 324.

[0126] S3, Reflux processing:

[0127] Wastewater in the upper section of the main tank is recycled through the reflux mechanism 40.

[0128] Wastewater in the upper section of the main tank is discharged through each initial return drain pipe 41. Under the action of the return transfer pump 43, the wastewater is then fed into the water distribution collection and input ring shell 21 through each return mixing input pipe 42. The wastewater then passes through each water distribution input channel 210 and enters the interior of the reactor main tank 10 for return treatment.

[0129] The reflux ratio is 2.5;

[0130] S4, Separate discharge

[0131] The wastewater treated in the upper section of the main tank then flows from bottom to top through the cyclone gas-liquid separator 11. The cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 further separates the gas phase in the wastewater. The gas phase separated from the gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 is collected by the biogas collection device 12, and the liquid phase separated from the liquid phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator 11 is discharged through the reactor's main drain pipe 13.

[0132] Example 3:

[0133] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main tank 10 of the reactor is equipped with a temperature control mechanism 50, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the temperature control mechanism 50 includes a temperature control adjustment support ring 51 that is fixed inside the main tank 10 of the reactor and extends vertically. The inside of the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51 is hollow. A temperature control channel partition 511 that extends spirally around the axis of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51 is fixed inside the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51. The temperature control channel partition 511 divides the inside of the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51 into a temperature control flow channel 510 that extends spirally around the axis of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51.

[0134] A temperature control heat exchange input pipe 512 and a temperature control heat exchange output pipe 513, which are respectively connected to both ends of the temperature control flow channel 510, are fixed on the outside of the temperature control support ring 51.

[0135] Multiple thermometers 501 are arranged vertically on the side wall of the main tank 10 of the reactor.

[0136] Thermometer 501 is a commercially available thermometer based on existing technology.

[0137] like Figure 8 As shown, multiple vertically extending temperature-control heat-conducting fins 52 are fixed on both the inner and outer walls of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51.

[0138] like Figure 9 As shown, a flow-assisted drive ring 53 is rotatably connected to the top of the temperature control adjustment support ring 51 and is arranged coaxially with it. Multiple flow-assisted drive blades 530 are fixed on the inner and outer sides of the flow-assisted drive ring 53.

[0139] A temperature control support ring 51 is fixed on the outside near the top with an auxiliary flow drive support ring 531 arranged coaxially with it. An auxiliary flow drive rotating ring 532 is rotatably connected to the auxiliary flow drive support ring 531. The auxiliary flow drive rotating ring 532 is fixedly connected to the flow auxiliary drive ring 53.

[0140] The auxiliary flow driven rotating ring 532 is driven by a motor fixed on the outer wall of the temperature control support ring 51 to rotate around the vertical axis of the temperature control support ring 51 through gear ring transmission.

[0141] Example 4:

[0142] This embodiment describes the operation method of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials in Embodiment 3 differs from Embodiment 2 in that, during the wastewater treatment process in step S1, the temperature of the wastewater in the main tank 10 of the reactor is adjusted by the temperature control mechanism 50 based on the monitoring data of the thermometer 501.

[0143] Water at a specific temperature is pumped into the temperature control support ring 51 through the temperature control heat exchange input pipe 512 using a delivery pump. The water at the specific temperature flows along the temperature control flow channel 510 inside the temperature control support ring 51 and exchanges heat with the temperature control support ring 51. Then, the temperature control support ring 51 comes into contact with the wastewater to exchange heat, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the temperature of the wastewater.

[0144] After heat exchange, water at a specific temperature is discharged from the temperature-controlled heat exchange output pipe 513, and water at a specific temperature is continuously supplied to the temperature-controlled regulating support ring 51 in this cycle.

[0145] The water temperature is controlled at 25℃, which is the suitable temperature for anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria.

[0146] To cool down the wastewater in the main tank 10 of the reactor, water at a lower temperature is supplied into the temperature control support ring 51; to heat up the wastewater in the main tank 10 of the reactor, water at a higher temperature is supplied into the temperature control support ring 51.

[0147] Meanwhile, the auxiliary flow drive rotating ring 532 is driven by a motor fixed on the outer wall of the temperature control support ring 51 through gear ring transmission to rotate around the vertical axis of the temperature control support ring 51. The auxiliary flow drive rotating ring 532 drives the flow auxiliary drive ring 53 together with multiple flow auxiliary drive blades 530 to rotate, driving the wastewater to flow along the axial direction of the temperature control support ring 51, so that the wastewater can come into more full contact with the temperature control support ring 51 for heat exchange.

[0148] Example 5:

[0149] Based on Example 3, the outer wall of the reactor main tank 10 has multiple internal and external communication reflux initial pipe connection holes 410, and multiple reflux initial discharge pipes 41 are correspondingly and slidably connected in each reflux initial pipe connection hole 410.

[0150] The axis of the initial reflux pipe connection hole 410 forms a 30° angle with the vertical axis of the reactor main tank 10;

[0151] like Figure 7As shown, multiple upward-opening reflux pipe drive fixed cylinders 441 are fixed on the outside of the reactor main tank 10. A downward-opening reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder 442 is slidably connected to the outside of the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder 441. Multiple initial reflux discharge pipes 41 are fixedly connected to each reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder 442 in a corresponding manner. A reflux pipe drive telescopic rod 443 for driving the reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder 442 to move is provided inside the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder 441.

[0152] The axis of the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder 441 forms a 30° angle with the vertical axis of the reactor main tank 10;

[0153] The return pipe drive telescopic rod 443 is an existing electrically controlled telescopic rod driven by a servo motor. The outer rod end of the return pipe drive telescopic rod 443 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the return pipe drive fixed cylinder 441, and the inner rod end of the return pipe drive telescopic rod 443 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the return pipe drive sliding cylinder 442.

[0154] The initial reflux outlet pipe 41 is connected to the input end of the reflux delivery pump 43, and the reflux mixing input pipe 42 is connected to the output end of the reflux delivery pump 43.

[0155] Example 6:

[0156] This embodiment describes the operation method of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials in Embodiment 5 differs from Embodiment 4 in that, during the reflux treatment process in step S3, the reflux pipe drives the telescopic rod 443 to drive the sliding cylinder 442 of the reflux pipe together with the initial reflux discharge pipe 41 to move along the axis of the fixed cylinder 441 of the reflux pipe, thereby adjusting the specific position of the initial reflux discharge pipe 41 at one end of the reactor main tank 10, and thus adjusting the quality of the refluxed water to achieve different wastewater treatment effects.

[0157] Example 7:

[0158] Based on Example 5, such as Figure 1 As shown, the main tank 10 of the reactor is equipped with a segmented sampling mechanism 60, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the segmented sampling mechanism 60 includes a sampling connecting pipe 61 fixed to the outer wall of the main tank 10 of the reactor and connected to its interior. The sampling connecting pipe 61 has a sampling connecting control valve 610. A sampling distribution cylinder 62 is fixed to the outer end of the sampling connecting pipe 61 and coaxially connected to it. A sampling dividing piston 63 is slidably connected inside the sampling distribution cylinder 62. The sampling dividing piston 63 divides the interior of the sampling distribution cylinder 62 into a sample temporary storage chamber 621 and a pressure buffer chamber 622.

[0159] The sample storage chamber 621 is connected to the sampling connecting tube 61. A sampling discharge tube 64 connected to the sample storage chamber 621 is fixed on the outside of the sampling distribution tube 62. The sampling discharge tube 64 is equipped with a sampling discharge control valve 640.

[0160] The sampling separator piston 63 is fixed at one end of the air pressure buffer chamber 622 with a manual push rod 65. The manual push rod 65 is slidably connected to the outer end of the sampling distribution cylinder 62 and extends to the outside of the sampling distribution cylinder 62.

[0161] Example 8:

[0162] This embodiment describes the operation method of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials in Embodiment 7 differs from Embodiment 6 in that, during the reflux treatment process in step S3, a segmented sampling mechanism 60 is used to sample and test the wastewater being treated.

[0163] The air pressure in the air pressure buffer chamber 622 is one standard atmosphere. During sampling, the sampling connection control valve 610 is opened first to connect the inside of the reactor main tank 10 with the sample storage chamber 621. Under the action of water pressure, the wastewater enters the sample storage chamber 621 through the sampling connection pipe 61. Under the action of water pressure, the wastewater will push the sampling separator piston 63 to compress the air pressure buffer chamber 622 until the pressure on both sides of the sampling separator piston 63 is rebalanced.

[0164] At this time, the air pressure in the air pressure buffer chamber 622 should be one standard atmosphere plus the water pressure here;

[0165] Then, the sampling connection control valve 610 is closed and the sampling discharge control valve 640 is opened. Since the air pressure buffer chamber 622 was compressed before, its internal air pressure is greater than the external atmospheric pressure. Under the push of the air pressure inside the air pressure buffer chamber 622, the sampling separator piston 63 compresses the sample storage chamber 621 at this time, so that the wastewater sample that entered the sample storage chamber 621 is discharged through the sampling discharge pipe 64. The wastewater sample is collected and tested to know the wastewater treatment effect.

[0166] If the sampling separator piston 63 encounters significant resistance when moving, it is convenient to use the manual push rod 65 to push the sampling separator piston 63.

[0167] Example 9:

[0168] Based on Example 7, such as Figure 11As shown, a stirring mechanism 70 is provided at the bottom of the main tank 10 of the reactor. The top of the water distribution input guide cone 24 has a vertically extending stirring mechanism receiving hole 701. The stirring mechanism 70 includes a stirring drive support cylinder shell 71 slidably connected in the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701. A stirring support column 72 is rotatably connected to the top of the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71. Figure 12 As shown, the outer wall of the stirring support column 72 has multiple vertically extending stirring blade hiding grooves 720, and stirring drive blades 73 are connected inside the stirring blade hiding grooves 720.

[0169] like Figure 13 As shown, a blade connecting seat 721 is fixed at the bottom of the stirring blade hiding groove 720, and a blade connecting shaft 722 is rotatably connected to the blade connecting seat 721. The lower end of the stirring drive blade 73 is fixedly connected to the blade connecting shaft 722.

[0170] The rotating shaft at the lower end of the stirring support column 72 extends into the interior of the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71. The stirring drive support cylinder shell 71 is fixed inside the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71 for driving the stirring support column 72 to rotate. The output shaft of the stirring drive motor 711 is connected to the rotating shaft at the lower end of the stirring support column 72 through a planetary reducer of the prior art.

[0171] The bottom of the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701 is provided with an outward driving rod 710 for driving the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71 to move up and down. The outward driving rod 710 is an existing electrically controlled telescopic rod driven by a servo motor. The outer rod end of the outward driving rod 710 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701, and the inner rod end of the outward driving rod 710 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71.

[0172] Example 10:

[0173] This embodiment describes the operation method of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials in Embodiment 9 differs from Embodiment 8 in that, during the wastewater treatment process in step S1, the stirring mechanism 70 is used to stir the wastewater at a low speed so that the wastewater and composite granular sludge can be in full contact.

[0174] In the initial state, the entire stirring support column 72 is retracted and stored in the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701. When in use, the inner rod of the stirring mechanism extension drive rod 710 extends out and drives the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71 together with the stirring support column 72 to move upward, so that the stirring blade hiding groove 720 just fully extends out of the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701.

[0175] The output shaft of the stirring drive motor 711 is connected to the rotating shaft at the lower end of the stirring support column 72 via a planetary reducer of the prior art. The stirring drive motor 711 then drives the stirring support column 72 to rotate. Under centrifugal force, the stirring drive blades 73 can rotate around the blade connecting shaft 722, so that multiple stirring drive blades 73 are spread out radially along the stirring support column 72, and the multiple stirring drive blades 73 are used to achieve the stirring effect on the wastewater.

[0176] After the stirring is completed, the stirring drive motor 711 stops, and the inner rod of the stirring mechanism extension drive rod 710 retracts, causing the stirring drive support cylinder shell 71 and the stirring support column 72 to move down together. Due to the blocking effect of the upper edge of the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701, the stirring drive blade 73 is forced to rotate around the blade connecting shaft 722 and retract into the stirring blade hiding groove 720. Finally, the stirring support column 72 is retracted and stored back into the stirring mechanism receiving hole 701.

[0177] Example 11:

[0178] The difference from Example 10 is that in step S1, the inoculation amount of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria on the composite granular sludge is 30 g VSS / L, and the wastewater is subjected to anaerobic reaction and treated at 25°C for 24 hours.

[0179] Example 12:

[0180] The difference from Example 10 is that in step S1, the inoculation amount of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria on the composite granular sludge is 35gVSS / L, and the wastewater is subjected to anaerobic reaction and treated at 27°C for 18 hours.

[0181] The composite granular sludge used in the above-mentioned operation method of the expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials is prepared by the following method:

[0182] 1. Reactor setup and inoculation:

[0183] An expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor with an effective volume of 5L was prepared, inoculated with anaerobic ammonia oxidation biomass, and a reflux ratio of 2.5 was set. Continuous experiments were conducted at 25±1℃.

[0184] 2. Preparation of synthetic wastewater:

[0185] The synthetic wastewater contains 1.34 g / L of (NH4)2SO4. + -N=284mg / L), NaNO21.68g / L(NO2 - -N=341mg / L), KH2PO4 0.057g / L, CaCl2·2H2O 0.3g / L, NaHCO3 0.5g / L trace elements;

[0186] 3. Operating condition control:

[0187] At a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 10 kgN / m 3 The reactor was operated under the condition of ·d for 60 days, during which the total nitrogen removal efficiency was maintained at 89±2% and the total phosphorus removal efficiency at 64±8%.

[0188] 4. Particle sampling and sieving:

[0189] On days 60, 150, and 240 of operation, granular sludge was removed from the reactor and wet-screened to separate the particles into six groups: <0.25 mm, 0.25-0.5 mm, 0.5-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-2.8 mm, and >2.8 mm using different screens.

[0190] 5. Particle property analysis and control:

[0191] The sieved particles were subjected to various characteristic analyses and morphological observations. After treatment with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 8 hours, the particles were dehydrated with gradient ethanol or heated to 600℃ to remove the biofilm, and the microstructure of the particles was observed.

[0192] Sludge characteristics determination, including volume and mass distribution, VSS, SS, SVI, settling velocity, water content, elemental analysis, EPS extraction and measurement;

[0193] Performance evaluation involves batch experiments to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity of particles of different sizes, such as the specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity (SAA) and specific phosphorus removal rate (SPRR). Based on the analysis results, parameters in the preparation process, such as the amount of Ca and P added, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and shear force, can be further adjusted to optimize the particle performance.

[0194] The specific preparation method of the novel composite material used in the above-mentioned composite granular sludge is as follows:

[0195] 1. Pretreatment of functional materials:

[0196] Activated carbon, bentonite, and zeolite functional materials were selected and then washed, dried, pulverized, and sieved to ensure the uniformity and surface activity of the materials.

[0197] 2. Preparation of composite materials:

[0198] The pretreated functional materials were mixed with anaerobic ammonium oxidation-hydroxyapatite coupled particles at a mass ratio of 1:1 and immobilized by an encapsulation method to form a novel composite material.

[0199] 3. Performance testing and optimization:

[0200] The nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the new composite material was tested. By adjusting the operating parameters of the EGSB reactor, such as increasing the flow rate, controlling the temperature at 25±1℃, and adjusting the pH value between 7.0 and 7.5, the performance of the composite material was better utilized.

[0201] 4. Effectiveness Evaluation:

[0202] In a 60-day continuous operation experiment, the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the wastewater treated by the new composite material reached 96±2%, and the total phosphorus removal efficiency reached 83±8%, which is 30% better than the control group without the addition of composite material.

Claims

1. An expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials, characterized in that, The reactor includes a main tank (10), a water distribution mechanism (20) at the bottom of the main tank (10), a three-phase separation mechanism (30) inside the main tank (10), and a reflux mechanism (40) on the main tank (10). The water distribution mechanism (20) includes a water distribution collection and input ring shell (21) fixed to the lower outer side of the reactor main tank (10) and is annular and hollow. The side wall of the reactor main tank (10) has a plurality of water distribution input channels (210) that are connected to the water distribution collection and input ring shell (21). The water distribution input channel (210) is provided with a water distribution input guide pipe (22). The top of the main tank (10) of the reactor is fixed with a cyclone gas-liquid separator (11) connected to it. The gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator (11) is connected to a biogas collection device (12), and the liquid phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator (11) is connected to the reactor's main drain pipe (13). The three-phase separation mechanism (30) includes a three-phase separation support (31) fixed inside the main tank (10) of the reactor. The three-phase separation support (31) has a plurality of vertically penetrating three-phase separation receiving holes (310), and a three-phase separator (32) is fixed in the three-phase separation receiving holes (310). The three-phase separator (32) includes a three-phase separator outer shell (321) with the opening facing downward. Multiple flow guiding and reversing ring shells (322) and flow guiding and gas collecting cone shells (323) are fixed inside the three-phase separator outer shell (321). The lower edge of the flow guiding and reversing ring shell (322) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (321) of the three-phase separator. The lower edge of the flow guiding and collecting cone shell (323) has a gap with the inner wall of the outer shell (321) of the three-phase separator to form a reversing liquid phase rising channel (3230). The top of the flow guiding and collecting cone shell (323) is fixed with a gas collecting and discharging pipe (3231) that communicates with its interior. The lower edge of the flow guiding and reversing annular shell (322) has multiple vertically penetrating solid phase falling channels (3220). The top of the outer shell (321) of the three-phase separator is fixed with multiple vertically extending liquid phase discharge pipes (324) that are connected to its interior. The top of the outer shell (321) of the three-phase separator is fixed with a gas collection pipe (325), and each of the gas collection exhaust pipes (3231) is connected to the gas collection pipe (325). The reflux mechanism (40) includes multiple reflux initial discharge pipes (41) that are connected to the interior of the reactor main tank (10). The outer wall of the reactor main tank (10) has multiple internal and external reflux initial pipe connection holes (410), and multiple reflux initial discharge pipes (41) are correspondingly and slidably connected in each of the reflux initial pipe connection holes (410). Multiple upward-opening reflux pipe drive fixed cylinders (441) are fixed on the outside of the main tank (10) of the reactor. A downward-opening reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder (442) is slidably connected to the outside of the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder (441). Multiple initial reflux discharge pipes (41) are fixedly connected to each reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder (442) in a corresponding manner. A reflux pipe drive telescopic rod (443) is provided inside the reflux pipe drive fixed cylinder (441) for driving the reflux pipe drive sliding cylinder (442) to move.

2. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water distribution input guide pipe (22) is connected to the side wall of the reactor main tank (10) through the guide deflection adjustment mechanism (23). The guide deflection adjustment mechanism (23) includes a deflection adjustment support shaft (231) fixed on the upper and lower sides of the water distribution input guide pipe (22) and arranged coaxially and vertically. The reactor main tank (10) is fixed with a deflection adjustment support seat (232) on the outer side wall inside the water distribution collection input ring shell (21). Each of the upper and lower sides of each water distribution input channel (210) is fixed with a deflection adjustment support seat (232). The deflection adjustment support seat (232) has a vertically extending deflection adjustment shaft connection hole (2320). The deflection adjustment support shaft (231) is rotatably connected in the deflection adjustment shaft connection hole (2320).

3. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor main tank (10) has a water distribution input guide cone (24) fixed at the bottom. The outer side of the water distribution input guide cone (24) is a concave cone structure. Multiple water distribution input guide plates (241) are fixed on the outer side of the water distribution input guide cone (24). The water distribution input guide plate (241) is divided into a spiral guide section (2411) and a vertical guide section (2412). The spiral guide section (2411) extends spirally around the vertical axis of the water distribution input guide cone (24), and the vertical guide section (2412) extends along the vertical plane.

4. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple micro-swirling guide vanes (3221) are fixed on both the inner and outer walls of the flow-guiding and reversing annular shell (322). The micro-swirling guide vanes (3221) are spirally extended around the vertical axis of the flow-guiding and reversing annular shell (322).

5. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the water distribution and collection input ring shell (21) is fixed with multiple return mixing input pipes (42) that are connected to its interior. The multiple return initial discharge pipes (41) and the multiple return mixing input pipes (42) are connected one-to-one by multiple return conveying pumps (43). The initial reflux outlet pipe (41) is connected to the input end of the reflux conveying pump (43), and the reflux mixing input pipe (42) is connected to the output end of the reflux conveying pump (43).

6. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor main tank (10) is provided with a temperature control mechanism (50). The temperature control mechanism (50) includes a temperature control adjustment support ring (51) that is fixed inside the reactor main tank (10) and extends vertically. The side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring (51) is hollow. A temperature control channel partition (511) that extends spirally around the axis of the temperature control adjustment support ring (51) is fixed inside the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring (51). The temperature control channel partition (511) divides the side wall of the temperature control adjustment support ring (51) into a temperature control flow channel (510) that extends spirally around the axis of the temperature control adjustment support ring (51). The temperature control support ring (51) is fixed with a temperature control heat exchange input pipe (512) and a temperature control heat exchange output pipe (513) that are respectively connected to both ends of the temperature control flow channel (510). Multiple thermometers (501) are arranged vertically on the side wall of the main tank (10) of the reactor.

7. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple vertically extending temperature-controlled heat-conducting fins (52) are fixed on both the inner and outer walls of the temperature-controlled adjustment support ring (51). The temperature control adjustment support ring (51) is rotatably connected to a flow auxiliary drive ring (53) arranged coaxially with it. Multiple flow auxiliary drive blades (530) are fixed on the inner and outer sides of the flow auxiliary drive ring (53). The temperature control support ring (51) is fixed to the outside near the top with an auxiliary flow drive support ring (531) arranged coaxially with it. An auxiliary flow drive rotating ring (532) is rotatably connected to the auxiliary flow drive support ring (531). The auxiliary flow drive rotating ring (532) is fixedly connected to the flow auxiliary drive ring (53).

8. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor main tank (10) is provided with a segmented sampling mechanism (60). The segmented sampling mechanism (60) includes a sampling connecting pipe (61) fixed to the outer wall of the reactor main tank (10) and connected to its interior. The sampling connecting pipe (61) has a sampling connecting control valve (610). The outer end of the sampling connecting pipe (61) is fixed with a sampling distribution cylinder (62) coaxially connected to it. A sampling dividing piston (63) is slidably connected inside the sampling distribution cylinder (62). The sampling dividing piston (63) divides the inside of the sampling distribution cylinder (62) into a sample temporary storage chamber (621) and a pressure buffer chamber (622). The sample storage chamber (621) is connected to the sampling connecting tube (61), and a sampling discharge tube (64) connected to the sample storage chamber (621) is fixed on the outside of the sampling distribution tube (62). The sampling discharge tube (64) is equipped with a sampling discharge control valve (640). The sampling separator piston (63) is fixed with a manual push rod (65) at one end of the air pressure buffer chamber (622). The manual push rod (65) is slidably connected to the outer end of the sampling distribution cylinder (62) and extends to the outside of the sampling distribution cylinder (62).

9. The expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reactor main tank (10) is provided with a stirring mechanism (70) at the bottom. The top of the water distribution input guide cone (24) has a vertically extending stirring mechanism receiving hole (701). The stirring mechanism (70) includes a stirring drive support shell (71) slidably connected in the stirring mechanism receiving hole (701). The top of the stirring drive support shell (71) is rotatably connected to a stirring support column (72). The outer wall of the stirring support column (72) has multiple vertically extending stirring blade hiding grooves (720). The stirring blade hiding grooves (720) are connected to stirring drive blades (73). The bottom of the stirring blade hiding groove (720) is fixed with a blade connecting seat (721), and a blade connecting shaft (722) is rotatably connected to the blade connecting seat (721). The lower end of the stirring drive blade (73) is fixedly connected to the blade connecting shaft (722). The rotating shaft at the lower end of the stirring support column (72) extends into the interior of the stirring drive support cylinder shell (71), and a stirring drive motor (711) for driving the stirring support column (72) to rotate is fixed inside the stirring drive support cylinder shell (71). The bottom of the receiving hole (701) of the stirring mechanism is provided with an extended driving rod (710) for driving the stirring drive support shell (71) to move up and down.

10. A method for operating an expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials, wherein the expanded granular sludge bed reactor based on composite functional materials as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Wastewater Treatment: The wastewater to be treated is fed into the reactor main tank (10) through the water distribution mechanism (20), and the reactor main tank (10) contains composite granular sludge. The composite granular sludge was inoculated with anammox bacteria at an inoculation rate of 25-35 g VSS / L to carry out anaerobic reaction of wastewater, and the treatment was carried out at 23-27℃ for 18-30 hours. The wastewater to be treated is fed into the water distribution and collection ring shell (21) by a transfer pump. The wastewater in the water distribution and collection ring shell (21) then passes through each water distribution and collection channel (210) into the main tank (10) of the reactor. As the wastewater passes through each water distribution inlet channel (210), the water distribution inlet guide pipe (22) guides the flow of the wastewater, so that the flow of the wastewater is at a certain angle to the radial direction of the reactor main tank (10), that is, the wastewater can generate a swirling flow around the axis of the reactor main tank (10) after flowing into the reactor main tank (10). S2, Three-phase separation: Wastewater flows from bottom to top in the main tank (10) of the reactor. The three-phase separator (32) simply divides the main tank (10) into the upper section and the lower section of the main tank. Multiple three-phase separators (32) are used to perform three-phase separation treatment on the wastewater. Wastewater flows from bottom to top through the outer shell (321) of the three-phase separator. When it flows through the guide and return ring shell (322), it is forced to converge towards the center, which is conducive to the fusion of bubbles in the wastewater. The gas phase in the wastewater rises under the action of buoyancy and gathers at the top of the guide and gas collection cone shell (323). The gas phase is discharged through the gas collection outlet pipe (3231) and collected in the gas collection main pipe (325). Under the obstruction of the flow-guiding gas collection cone shell (323), the liquid phase in the wastewater flows back through the gap between the top of the flow-guiding return ring shell (322) and the bottom of the flow-guiding gas collection cone shell (323) and then flows to the return liquid phase rising channel (3230). The liquid phase in the wastewater continues to flow from bottom to top through the return liquid phase rising channel (3230). The solid phase in the wastewater falls along the outer wall of the guide return ring shell (322) under the action of gravity, and finally falls back to the bottom of the reactor main tank (10) through the solid phase falling channels (3220); Finally, the liquid phase that rises to the top of the outer shell (321) of the three-phase separator can be discharged through the liquid phase discharge pipes (324); Under the separation action of multiple flow-guiding and reversing annular shells (322) and flow-guiding and gas-collecting conical shells (323), the wastewater in the lower section of the main tank is separated into three phases: gas, liquid, and solid. The gas phase is collected by being discharged through the gas collection and summing pipe (325), while the solid phase falls back to the bottom of the reactor main tank (10). The liquid phase is discharged into the upper section of the main tank through each liquid phase discharge pipe (324). S3, Reflux processing: Wastewater in the upper section of the main tank is recycled through a reflux mechanism (40); The reflux ratio is 2.5; S4, Separate Outflow The wastewater treated in the upper section of the main tank then flows from bottom to top through the cyclone gas-liquid separator (11). The gas phase in the wastewater is further separated by the cyclone gas-liquid separator (11). The gas phase separated from the gas phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator (11) is collected by the biogas collection device (12), and the liquid phase separated from the liquid phase output end of the cyclone gas-liquid separator (11) is discharged through the reactor's main drain pipe (13).

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