Tetraphenyl ethylene derivative as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a tetraphenyl ethylene derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structure of the tetraphenyl ethylene derivative is shown as a formula (I): # imgabs0 #, wherein the definition of each group is shown in the specification. The tetraphenyl ethylene derivative provided by the invention has excellent oxidation resistance and fluorescence effect, and can quickly and conveniently judge the exhaustion condition of the tetraphenyl ethylene derivative as an antioxidant at low cost, so as to predict the residual life of the lubricating grease.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a tetraphenylethylene derivative, in particular to a tetraphenylethylene derivative with fluorescence effect and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Antioxidants are essential additives for lubricating oils, fuel oils, and plastic and rubber processing industries. There are many types of antioxidants, including phenol type, amine type, phenol ester type, thioester type, phosphite type, etc. Among them, hindered phenol antioxidants are widely used due to their excellent antioxidant effect.

[0003] The service life of lubricating grease is closely related to its antioxidant performance. By examining the exhaustion of the antioxidants in it, the remaining life of the lubricating grease can be effectively determined. However, examining the exhaustion of antioxidants often requires the use of instruments such as mid-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography, which is expensive and time-consuming. If a fluorescent group with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior is introduced into the molecular structure of the antioxidant, it will help to quickly, conveniently and cost-effectively determine the exhaustion of the antioxidant, and then predict the remaining life of the lubricating grease. At present, there are few literature reports on hindered phenolic antioxidants with fluorescent effects. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a tetraphenylethylene derivative and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] The tetraphenylethylene derivative of the present invention has a structure as shown in formula (I):

[0006]

[0007] In formula (I), HO is bonded to the benzene ring; y R groups are bonded to the benzene ring; y is selected from an integer between 0 and 4; and each R group is independently selected from H and C 1-10 A straight chain or branched chain alkyl group; n is an integer between 1 and 10; R 1 Each independently selected from C 1-20 A linear or branched alkylene group; R in n repeating units 2 The same or different from each other, each independently selected from C 1-20 Straight or branched alkylene; R 3 Selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched alkyl; the A groups in the n repeating units are the same or different from each other and are independently selected from The group represented by formula (II), the group represented by formula (III) and the group represented by formula (IV), at least one A group is selected from the group represented by formula (II) and the group represented by formula (III);

[0008]

[0009] The R 4 The groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched alkyl; * in formula (II) and formula (III) represents the terminal bonded to formula (I).

[0010] According to the present invention, preferably, in formula (I), HO is located on the benzene ring R 1 The meta position of the chain, y is an integer between 1 and 3, and y R groups are located on the benzene ring R 1 The para or ortho position of the chain, the R group is selected from C 1-4 A straight chain or branched alkyl group, n is an integer between 1 and 5, R 1 Each independently selected from C 1-10 A linear or branched alkylene group, R in n repeating units 2 Each independently selected from C 1-10 A straight or branched alkylene group, R 3 Selected from H and C 1-10 A straight chain or branched chain alkyl group; 4 The groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-10 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

[0011] According to the present invention, further preferably, in formula (I), HO is located on the benzene ring R 1 The meta position of the chain, y is 1, and the R group is located on the benzene ring R 1 The para position of the chain, the R group is selected from tert-butyl, n is an integer between 1 and 3, R 1 Each independently selected from C 1-6 A linear or branched alkylene group, R in n repeating units 2 Each independently selected from C 1-6 Chain or branched alkylene, R 3 Selected from H and C 1-6 a chain or branched chain alkyl group; said R 4 The groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-4 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

[0012] According to the present invention, examples of the tetraphenylethylene derivatives include one or more of the following structural compounds:

[0013]

[0014] According to the present invention, the preparation method of the tetraphenylethylene derivative comprises the following steps:

[0015] (1) reacting a compound represented by formula (α) with a peroxide;

[0016]

[0017] In formula (α), HO is bonded to the benzene ring; y R groups are bonded to the benzene ring; y is selected from an integer between 0 and 4; and each R group is independently selected from H and C 1-10 A straight chain or branched chain alkyl group; n is an integer between 1 and 10; R 1 Each independently selected from C 1-20 A linear or branched alkylene group; R in n repeating units 2 The same or different from each other, each independently selected from C 1-20 Straight or branched alkylene; R 3 Selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched alkyl; the A" groups in the n repeating units are the same or different from each other and are independently selected from The R 4 The groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched chain alkyl;

[0018] (2) subjecting the reaction product of step (1) to a hydrolysis reaction;

[0019] (3) reacting the hydrolysis product of step (2) with a compound represented by formula (β), and collecting the product;

[0020]

[0021] The X group is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, and OH.

[0022] According to the present invention, preferably, in formula (α), HO is located on the benzene ring R 1 The meta position of the chain, y is an integer between 1 and 3, and y R groups are located on the benzene ring R 1 The para or ortho position of the chain, the R group is selected from C 1-4 A straight chain or branched alkyl group, n is an integer between 1 and 5, R 1 Each independently selected from C 1-10 A linear or branched alkylene group, R in n repeating units 2 Each independently selected from C 1-10 A straight or branched alkylene group, R 3 Selected from H and C 1-10 A straight chain or branched chain alkyl group; 4 The groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-10 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

[0023] According to the present invention, further preferably, in formula (α), HO is located on the benzene ring R 1 The meta position of the chain, y is 1, and the R group is located on the benzene ring R 1 The para position of the chain, the R group is selected from tert-butyl, n is an integer between 1 and 3, R1 Each independently selected from C 1-6 A linear or branched alkylene group, R in n repeating units 2 Each independently selected from C 1-6 Chain or branched alkylene, R 3 Selected from H and C 1-6 a chain or branched chain alkyl group; said R 4 The groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-4 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

[0024] According to the present invention, in step (1), the compound represented by formula (α) can be selected from cardanol and alkylated cardanol. The alkylated cardanol can be obtained by reacting cardanol with an alkylating agent, for example, tert-butyl cardanol can be obtained by reacting cardanol with tert-butyl chloride.

[0025] According to the present invention, in step (1), the peroxide is preferably one or more of hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, peracetic acid, persulfonic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peracetate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide, more preferably one or more of hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, peracetic acid and persulfonic acid.

[0026] According to the present invention, in step (2), the hydrolysis reaction is to allow the reaction product of step (1) to undergo a hydrolysis reaction with water, and the amount of water used can generally be 20% to 200% of the mass of the reaction product of step (1).

[0027] According to the present invention, in step (3), the compound represented by formula (β) can be selected from one or more of 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl fluoride, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl chloride, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl bromide and 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl iodide, preferably 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid.

[0028] According to the present invention, the molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (α), the peroxide, and the compound represented by formula (β) is preferably 1:0.5-10:0.5-10, more preferably 1:1-5:1-5.

[0029] According to the present invention, the reaction temperature of step (1) is preferably 50-100°C, more preferably 60-90°C; the reaction temperature of step (2) is preferably 50-150°C, more preferably 70-100°C; the reaction temperature of step (3) is preferably 50-150°C, more preferably 70-120°C.

[0030] According to the present invention, the reaction time of step (1), step (2) and step (3) is usually as long as possible. Generally speaking, the reaction time of step (1) is preferably 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 3 to 5 hours; the reaction time of step (2) is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours, more preferably 1 to 3 hours; the reaction time of step (3) is preferably 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 3 to 6 hours.

[0031] According to the present invention, a catalyst may be added in step (1), and the catalyst is preferably an acidic catalyst, for example, one or more of concentrated sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, benzenesulfonic acid and titanate may be selected, and the amount of the catalyst added is preferably 0.01% to 3% of the compound represented by formula (α). After the reaction in step (1) is completed, the catalyst may be removed by alkali washing and / or water washing.

[0032] According to the present invention, a catalyst may be added in step (2), and the catalyst may be an acidic catalyst or a basic catalyst, for example, one of concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, preferably concentrated sulfuric acid, and the amount of the catalyst added is preferably 0.5% to 10% of the sum of the mass of the compound represented by formula (α) in step (1) and the peroxide. After the reaction in step (2) is completed, the catalyst may be removed by alkali washing (using an acidic catalyst), acid washing (using an alkaline catalyst), and water washing.

[0033] According to the present invention, a catalyst may be added in step (3), and the catalyst is preferably an acidic catalyst, for example, one or more of concentrated sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, benzenesulfonic acid and titanate, and the amount of the catalyst added is preferably 0.5% to 10% of the compound shown in (α). After the reaction in step (3) is completed, the catalyst may be removed by alkali washing and / or water washing.

[0034] According to the present invention, the reaction steps (1), (2) and (3) may be carried out in the presence of a diluent and / or a solvent, or may be carried out without using a diluent and / or a solvent.

[0035] According to the present invention, the diluent can be selected from one or more of API I, II, III, IV and V base oils. Common products or brands include 150SN, 200SN, 350SN, 500SN, 650SN, 150BS, HVI-100, HVI-150, HVI-200, HVI-350, HVI-400, HVI-500, HVI-150BS, PAO4, PAO6, PAO8, PAO10, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, etc.

[0036] According to the present invention, the solvent can be selected from water, C 6-20Aromatics (such as benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene), C 6-10 One or more of alkanes (such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and petroleum ether), solvent gasoline, acetone and dimethylformamide. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The solvent can be removed after the reaction is completed using a method known to those skilled in the art, such as under normal pressure or reduced pressure.

[0037] According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the diluent and / or solvent may be added at any stage of the reaction step according to conventional amounts in the art, without particular limitation.

[0038] According to the present invention, the steps (1), (2) and (3) can be carried out under the protection of an inert gas atmosphere. Examples of the inert gas include nitrogen and argon, and there are no particular limitations.

[0039] According to the present invention, by the aforementioned preparation method, as a reaction product, a single compound can be manufactured, a mixture consisting of multiple compounds can also be manufactured, or a mixture consisting of one or more compounds and the aforementioned diluent (if used). These reaction products are all expected by the present invention, and the difference in their existence forms does not affect the realization of the effect of the present invention. Therefore, in the context of this specification, these reaction products are all collectively referred to as tetraphenylethylene derivatives without distinction. In view of this, according to the present invention, there is no absolute necessity to further purify the reaction product, or to further separate a tetraphenylethylene derivative with a fluorescent effect of a certain specific structure from the reaction product. Of course, the purification or separation is preferred for further improvement of the expected effect of the present invention, but is not necessary for the present invention. Nevertheless, as the purification or separation method, for example, the reaction product can be purified or separated by methods such as column chromatography or preparative chromatography.

[0040] The preparation method of the tetraphenylethylene derivative of the invention has simple steps and high conversion rate in the reaction process.

[0041] The tetraphenylethylene derivatives of the present invention can be used as antioxidants for lubricating greases.

[0042] The tetraphenylethylene derivative of the present invention has both excellent antioxidant properties and fluorescence effects, and can quickly, conveniently and at low cost determine the exhaustion of the tetraphenylethylene derivative as an antioxidant, thereby predicting the remaining life of the lubricating grease. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is the infrared spectrum of the product of Example 2.

[0044] Figure 2 It is the NMR carbon spectrum of the product of Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is further described below by way of examples, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] The main raw materials used are from the following sources:

[0047] Cardanol, Shanghai Wujing Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Industrial Products

[0048] Zinc chloride, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytical grade

[0049] Concentrated sulfuric acid, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytical grade

[0050] Hydrogen peroxide (30%), Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytical grade

[0051] Formic acid, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytical grade

[0052] 4-(1,2,2-Triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., chemically pure

[0053] Tert-butyl chloride, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytical grade

[0054] Antioxidant T501, Petrochemical Research Institute Xingpu Company, Industrial Products

[0055] Antioxidant T512, Petrochemical Research Institute Xingpu Company, Industrial Products

[0056] Toluene, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., analytical grade

[0057] Dimethylformamide, analytical grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0058] Polyol ester (brand 5102), Sinopec Lubricant Company Chongqing Branch, Industrial Products

[0059] Tributyl phosphate, Zhangjiagang Yarui Chemical Co., Ltd., Industrial products

[0060] Example 1 Preparation of tert-butylated cardanol

[0061] Take 100g of cardanol, 8g of formic acid, 0.3g of sulfuric acid, and 200g of hydrogen peroxide, add them to a three-necked flask with mechanical stirring, reflux condenser and temperature control, start stirring and heating. Maintain the reaction temperature at 70°C and react for 3 hours. After the reaction is completed, cool down to obtain a brown-red transparent liquid. Filter the reaction product and wash it with 5% KOH solution, then wash it with distilled water until neutral, and distill the organic phase under reduced pressure at 100Pa and 150°C for 1h to remove moisture and unreacted raw materials to obtain an orange-red transparent liquid epoxidized cardanol.

[0062] Dissolve 35g of epoxidized cardanol in 100ml of acetone, put it into a 250ml three-necked reaction flask after dissolving, add 0.9g of zinc chloride catalyst, start stirring and heating. Maintain the reaction temperature at 60°C, slowly drop 9.5g of tert-butyl chloride into the reaction flask, and continue the reaction for 3 hours after the addition is complete. After the reaction is completed, cool down to obtain a brown-red transparent liquid. Filter the reaction product and wash it with 5% KOH solution, then wash it with distilled water until it is neutral, and distill it under reduced pressure at 1000Pa and 120°C for 1h to remove the solvent, moisture and unreacted raw materials to obtain a brown-red viscous liquid tert-butylated epoxidized cardanol.

[0063] An exemplary reaction formula of the above reaction is shown below.

[0064]

[0065] Example 2

[0066] 20g of tert-butylated epoxy cardanol prepared in Example 1, 0.2g of concentrated sulfuric acid, 10g of water, and 10g of toluene were added to a three-necked flask with mechanical stirring and a reflux condenser, stirred, heated, and reacted at 85°C for 1h. After the reaction was completed, 12g of 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl) benzoic acid was dissolved in 80g of dimethylformamide (DMF) and added dropwise to the flask. After the addition was completed, the reflux reaction was continued for 5h, and the reaction was stopped. The product was washed with water 3 times, and the solvent was evaporated to obtain the tetraphenylethylene derivative W-01 with a fluorescent effect of the present invention, and the conversion rate was 90.8%.

[0067] An exemplary reaction formula of the above reaction is shown below.

[0068]

[0069] The product W-01 prepared in Example 2 was subjected to infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic carbon spectroscopy tests. The infrared spectrum is shown in Figure 1 The analysis results are shown in Table 1, and the NMR carbon spectrum is shown in Figure 2 , the analysis results are shown in Table 2.

[0070] Table 1 Infrared analysis results of product W-01

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the product W-01 contains characteristic peaks such as OH stretching vibration peak, C-OH stretching vibration peak, C=O stretching vibration peak, benzene ring skeleton stretching vibration peak, aromatic ester COC stretching vibration peak and cis-olefin vibration peak, which indicates that the synthesized product is the target compound.

[0073] Table 2 NMR carbon spectrum analysis results of product W-01

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Table 2, the synthetic product can be confirmed to be the target compound based on the attribution of each C element.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] 10g of tert-butylated epoxy cardanol prepared in Example 1, 0.2g of concentrated sulfuric acid, 10g of water, and 10g of toluene were added to a three-necked flask with mechanical stirring and a reflux condenser, stirred, heated, and reacted at 95°C for 1h. After the reaction was completed, 12g of 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl) benzoic acid was dissolved in 80g of dimethylformamide (DMF) and added dropwise to the flask. After the addition was completed, the reflux reaction was continued for 3h, and the reaction was stopped. The product was washed with water 3 times, and the solvent was evaporated to obtain the tetraphenylethylene derivative W-02 with a fluorescent effect of the present invention, and the conversion rate was 91.1%.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] 20g of tert-butylated epoxy cardanol prepared in Example 1, 0.2g of concentrated sulfuric acid, 10g of water, and 100g of toluene were added to a three-necked flask with mechanical stirring and a reflux condenser, stirred, heated, and reacted at 110°C for 1h. After the reaction was completed, 50g of 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl) benzoic acid was dissolved in 120g of dimethylformamide (DMF) and added dropwise to the flask. After the addition was completed, the reflux reaction was continued for 6h, and the reaction was stopped. The product was washed with water 3 times, and the solvent was evaporated to obtain the tetraphenylethylene derivative W-03 with a fluorescent effect of the present invention, and the conversion rate was 90.6%.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] W-01, W-02, W-03 and hindered phenol antioxidants T501 and T512 were added to polyol ester or tributyl phosphate base oil at a dosage of 0.2% (the antioxidant accounted for 0.2% of the total mass of the oil) to carry out antioxidant performance tests. The test instrument was a TA5000 DSC instrument of TA Company of the United States. The test conditions were: 180°C, oxygen pressure 0.6MPa, and heating rate 10°C / min. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0082] Table 3 Antioxidant test results

[0083]

[0084] It can be seen from Table 3 that the tetraphenylethylene derivative with fluorescent effect of the present invention has a relatively high oxidation induction period, which indicates that it has very good antioxidant performance.

[0085] Example 6

[0086] W-01, W-02, W-03 and hindered phenol antioxidants T501 and T512 were added to polyol ester or tributyl phosphate base oil at a dosage of 0.2% (the antioxidant accounted for 0.2% of the total mass of the oil), and the samples obtained were subjected to oxidation stability test according to the SH / T0193 rotating oxygen bomb method, and the fluorescence intensity test was carried out on the samples before and after oxidation. The test instrument was F-310 fluorescence spectrophotometer of Tianjin Gangdong Technology Co., Ltd. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0087] As shown in Table 4, the fluorescence intensity of the tetraphenylethylene derivative with fluorescence effect of the present invention shows a downward trend before and after oxidation, and it drops to about 20% before oxidation, which can indicate that the oxidation life of the oil product is about 20% left. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the antioxidant does not change before and after oxidation, and the oxidation life of the oil product cannot be predicted.

[0088] Table 4 Fluorescence intensity test results

[0089]

Claims

1. A tetraphenylethylene derivative, the structure of which is shown in formula (I): In formula (I), HO is bonded to the benzene ring; y R groups are bonded to the benzene ring; y is selected from an integer between 0 and 4; and each R group is independently selected from H and C 1-10 Straight or branched alkyl; n is an integer between 1 and 10; R1 is independently selected from C 1-20 A linear or branched alkylene group; R2 in n repeating units is the same or different from each other and is independently selected from C 1-20 A straight or branched alkylene group; R3 is selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched alkyl; the A groups in the n repeating units are the same or different from each other and are independently selected from The group shown in formula (III) and the group shown in formula (IV), at least one A group is selected from the group shown in formula (II) and the group shown in formula (III); The R4 groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched alkyl; * in formula (II) and formula (III) represents the terminal bonded to formula (I).

2. The tetraphenylethylene derivative according to claim 1, characterized in that In formula (I), HO is located at the meta position of the chain where R1 is located on the benzene ring, y is an integer between 1 and 3, y R groups are located at the para or ortho position of the chain where R1 is located on the benzene ring, and the R group is selected from C 1-4 A straight or branched alkyl group, n is an integer between 1 and 5, and R1 is independently selected from C 1-10 A linear or branched alkylene group, wherein R2 in the n repeating units is independently selected from C 1-10 A straight or branched alkylene group, R3 is selected from H and C 1-10 Straight or branched alkyl; the R4 groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-10 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

3. The tetraphenylethylene derivative according to claim 1, characterized in that In formula (I), HO is located at the meta position of the chain on the benzene ring where R1 is located, y is 1, the R group is located at the para position of the chain on the benzene ring where R1 is located, the R group is selected from tert-butyl, n is an integer between 1 and 3, and R1 is independently selected from C 1-6 A chain or branched alkylene group, wherein R2 in the n repeating units is independently selected from C 1-6 A linear or branched alkylene group, R3 is selected from H and C 1-6 The R4 groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-4 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

4. The tetraphenylethylene derivative according to claim 1, characterized in that The tetraphenylethylene derivatives include one or more of the following structural compounds:

5. The method for preparing the tetraphenylethylene derivative according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) reacting a compound represented by formula (α) with a peroxide; In formula (α), HO is bonded to the benzene ring; y R groups are bonded to the benzene ring; y is selected from an integer between 0 and 4; and each R group is independently selected from H and C 1-10 Straight or branched alkyl; n is an integer between 1 and 10; R1 is independently selected from C 1-20 A linear or branched alkylene group; R2 in n repeating units is the same or different from each other and is independently selected from C 1-20 A straight or branched alkylene group; R3 is selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched alkyl; the A" groups in the n repeating units are the same or different from each other and are independently selected from The R4 groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-20 Straight or branched chain alkyl; (2) subjecting the reaction product of step (1) to a hydrolysis reaction; (3) reacting the hydrolysis product of step (2) with a compound represented by formula (β), and collecting the product; The X group is selected from F, Cl, Br, I, and OH.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In formula (α), HO is located at the meta position of the chain where R1 is located on the benzene ring, y is an integer between 1 and 3, y R groups are located at the para or ortho position of the chain where R1 is located on the benzene ring, and the R group is selected from C 1-4 A straight or branched alkyl group, n is an integer between 1 and 5, and R1 is independently selected from C 1-10 A linear or branched alkylene group, wherein R2 in the n repeating units is independently selected from C 1-10 A straight or branched alkylene group, R3 is selected from H and C 1-10 Straight or branched alkyl; the R4 groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-10 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In formula (α), HO is located at the meta position of the chain where R1 is located on the benzene ring, y is 1, the R group is located at the para position of the chain where R1 is located on the benzene ring, the R group is selected from tert-butyl, n is an integer between 1 and 3, and R1 is independently selected from C 1-6 A chain or branched alkylene group, wherein R2 in the n repeating units is independently selected from C 1-6 A linear or branched alkylene group, R3 is selected from H and C 1-6 The R4 groups are each independently selected from H and C 1-4 Straight chain or branched chain alkyl.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compound represented by formula (α) is selected from cardanol and alkylated cardanol; the peroxide is selected from one or more of hydrogen peroxide, performic acid, peracetic acid, persulfonic acid, m-chloroperbenzoic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peracetate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide; the compound represented by formula (β) is selected from one or more of 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoic acid, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl fluoride, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl chloride, 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl bromide and 4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzoyl iodide.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (α) to the peroxide and the compound represented by formula (β) is 1:0.5-10:0.5-10; The reaction temperature of step (1) is 50-100° C.; the reaction temperature of step (2) is 50-150° C.; The reaction temperature of step (3) is 50-150°C.

10. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: An acidic catalyst is added in step (1); and / or, an acidic catalyst or a basic catalyst is added in step (2); and / or, an acidic catalyst is added in step (3).

11. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reaction steps (1), (2) and (3) are carried out in the presence of a diluent and / or a solvent; the diluent is selected from one or more of APII, II, III, IV and V base oils; the solvent is selected from water, C 6-20 Aromatics, C 6-10 One or more of alkanes, solvent gasoline, acetone, and dimethylformamide.

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