Anti-scouring suction bucket foundation and penetration-deviation rectifying-fixing construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation and a penetration-correction-fixation construction method, the suction bucket foundation is mainly composed of a bucket body and an internal and external solidified soil filling system, a plurality of telescopic external solidified soil filling ports are uniformly distributed around the bucket body, and a filling plate and an internal solidified soil filling channel are arranged in the bucket body. The construction method comprises a preparation stage of geological investigation and parameter determination, a penetration stage of gravity penetration and negative pressure penetration, a correction stage of leveling at different inclination angles, a fixation stage of solidified soil filling, and an evaluation and detection stage after construction. The suction bucket foundation with the solidified soil scouring protection function is designed, and systematic guidance is provided for field installation. Through regional, layered and full-process internal and external solidified soil reinforcement, the anti-scouring performance of the periphery of the barrel can be improved in the penetration stage, soil liquefaction and soil blockage in the barrel are prevented, the anti-inclination capacity of the barrel body can be improved in the deviation correction stage, and the long-term anti-scouring capacity and uplift bearing capacity of the foundation can be effectively improved in the fixing stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering suction bucket foundation construction, and in particular to an anti-scour suction bucket foundation and a sinking-correcting-fixing construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of marine engineering, especially in the construction of infrastructure such as offshore wind power, offshore oil platforms, and submarine pipelines, suction bucket foundations have gradually become a widely used foundation type due to their advantages such as good stability and reusability. However, compared with the piling construction of traditional pile foundations, the construction process of suction bucket foundations is more complicated and involves higher technical content. As a new type of foundation, the design and construction technology of suction bucket foundations has important research value, especially when solving problems such as settlement and stability in complex marine environments.

[0003] It is worth noting that the internal structure and construction method of the traditional suction bucket foundation are single, and problems such as soil plugging in the bucket, bucket tilting, and scouring around the bucket are often encountered. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scouring-resistant suction bucket foundation and a full-process construction method of sinking-correcting-fixing to ensure that the foundation can stably and quickly reach the designed burial depth during the construction process. Solidified soil is a mixture of one or more soil types and a curing agent. After special proportioning and treatment, it has high compressive strength, suitable fluidity, pumpability, and solidification time, and can quickly adapt to the special environmental conditions of the seabed. During the foundation construction process, the sinking, correction, and fixing stages of the suction bucket foundation are the key factors that determine its foundation stability and service life. The solidified soil filling plays a role in improving the soil body by preventing scouring, soil plugging, and tilting during the sinking and correction of the suction bucket foundation, and forms a long-lasting solid protective layer during the fixing stage.

[0004] At present, there are certain shortcomings in the relevant construction methods and devices, mainly including the following points: (1) In order to solve the problem of soil plugging in the barrel and failure to reach the designed penetration depth, existing studies have mostly ignored the complexity of seabed geology and only focused on designing different soil plugging devices. For example, a stirring head is set in the barrel, but its design is prone to cause local blockage in soil layers with high water content or soft soil; a filter layer device is set in the barrel, but its design may cause material blockage in soil layers with high water content. (2) In view of the problem of foundation sinking instability and slow sinking during sinking, existing studies have mostly ignored the scouring effect of the ocean current on the barrel during sinking, and have only focused on designing different accelerated sinking devices; for example, grouting is designed to fill the cavity to increase the penetration of deadweight, but the grouting material may be unevenly distributed, resulting in foundation displacement or uneven sinking during sinking; high-frequency vibration devices are designed to assist sinking, but the vibration may cause local disturbance of the soil around the barrel, resulting in uneven settlement; (3) In response to the problem of barrel tilt and the inability to detect and correct it in time, existing studies have mostly ignored the existence of gaps in the soil around the barrel after correction and the re-tilting of the barrel, and have only stayed at the stage of designing different barrel correction devices; for example, spraying high-pressure water and gas for foundation correction, but spraying water or gas will cause the soil around the barrel to become loose or softened in local areas, and the correction effect is difficult to last, with the risk of "re-tilting"; electro-osmosis is used for foundation correction, but in deep layers or areas with uneven electrical properties of the soil, the electro-osmosis effect may not be sufficient to effectively adjust the tilted barrel; (4) Regarding the problem of how to reinforce the foundation after installation to improve the structural bearing capacity and the barrel periphery to withstand ocean current erosion, existing research has mostly ignored the long-term stability of the soil after reinforcement, and has only stayed at a single physical or chemical reinforcement method. For example, a layered grouting device is designed to reinforce the suction bucket foundation, but in a complex seabed environment, the grouting equipment has high requirements and construction is difficult. In addition, the slurry has uneven diffusion after entering the soil, resulting in local uneven reinforcement effect. A heating barrel device is designed to consolidate the soil, but it has problems such as high energy consumption, uneven soil temperature distribution, and poor adaptability to the external environment. (5) Existing studies mostly focus on solving a specific or several engineering problems during the construction of suction bucket foundations, and fail to comprehensively and systematically address the complex engineering problems existing in the sinking, deviation correction and fixing stages of foundation construction. Therefore, there is a lack of a technical method that can work in all directions, and the comprehensive improvement of construction efficiency, foundation stability and later sustainability has not been fully achieved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an erosion-resistant suction bucket foundation and a whole-process construction method of sinking-correcting-fixing. The present invention introduces solidified soil filling technology and designs a suction bucket foundation-related construction system and method to effectively solve engineering problems such as soil plugging in the bucket, bucket tilting, and erosion around the bucket, thereby improving construction efficiency and structural stability.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A sinking-correcting-fixing construction method for an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation includes the following construction steps: S1. Preparation stage: After transporting the construction equipment and curing materials to the construction site, carry out geological survey and determine the construction parameters in the construction area; (1) Design the slurry ratio of the solidified soil based on the seabed soil and the properties of the solidified materials, including the water-binder ratio, the proportion of solidified soil, and the type and ratio of additives; (2) Calculate the penetration resistance of the barrel based on the seabed soil, the friction resistance of the barrel side wall, the size and shape of the barrel end, and the bearing capacity coefficient; (3) Based on the size, shape and bearing capacity of the barrel, calculate the critical suction and allowable suction of the barrel; S2. Sinking and penetration stage: After the construction ship is in place, the suction bucket foundation is hoisted into the water, and the external solidification soil filling, gravity sinking and penetration, external solidification soil filling, and negative pressure penetration operations are carried out in sequence; (1) Hoisting into water: lift the barrel to the intended installation location; the hoisting equipment puts the suction barrel into the water. When it detects that the bottom of the barrel has just touched the mud surface, the hoisting equipment is controlled to stop descending; adjust the barrel to move in a small range until the azimuth and coordinates meet the design requirements; (2) External solidified soil filling: The external solidified soil conveying pipe is lifted up to the same height at a uniform speed. The external solidified soil conveying pipe squeezes the mechanical lock device in the external solidified soil filling cavity. The mechanical lock device controls the external solidified soil filling port closest to the seabed. The external solidified soil filling port extends out of the suction barrel and is in an open state. The soil filling around the barrel is carried out. When the solidified soil is evenly spread around the barrel, the external solidified soil conveying pipe continues to be lifted up, and the external solidified soil filling port is retracted into the suction barrel and closed. (3) Gravity penetration: Open the valve of the self-weight pneumatic pipe to allow the water in the barrel to drain freely; the lifting equipment slowly descends, and the barrel penetrates the seabed by its own weight; the data detection system detects the penetration depth, structural levelness and sinking speed of the barrel in real time; the barrel is leveled in a small area through the lifting equipment; when the barrel no longer sinks by gravity, close the valve of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and the gravity penetration is completed; let it stand for 15-30 minutes to form a sealing condition; (4) Internal solidified soil filling: The solidified soil enters the lower filling plate through the internal solidified soil conveying pipe, and the internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel is opened to fill the soil gaps in the barrel; when the filling plate height rises by 0.1-0.3 m, the internal solidified soil filling is stopped; (5) Negative pressure penetration: Open the valve of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe, start the water pump, and start the suction penetration operation. During the penetration process, the barrel continues to sink, and the data detection system monitors the barrel level, penetration depth, and internal and external pressure difference in real time; S3. Correction stage: Determine the tilt direction and amplitude through the tilt sensor and measuring equipment; design the solidification soil ratio and filling position according to the tilt angle and soil characteristics; when the tilt angle of the suction bucket is greater than the allowable value, stop the penetration stage and correct the deviation in time; (1) Small angle correction: During the penetration process, when the barrel body tilts less than 5°, the penetration speed of the barrel body is controlled by controlling the water pump flow rate and changing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the barrel until the barrel body is adjusted horizontally; for the area on the tilted side and the opposite side of the barrel body, repeat the external solidifying soil filling construction in the above S2. penetration stage; until the solidifying soil completely fills the gap between the barrel body and the soil, stop filling the solidifying soil around the barrel body; (2) Large-angle correction: During the penetration process, if the barrel tilts ≥5°, the barrel is straightened by water pump flow control and hoisting equipment until the barrel is adjusted horizontally; repeat the inner and outer solidified soil filling construction of S2. penetration stage; stop filling the solidified soil until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the barrel and the soil and forms a slope around the barrel by self-flow; S4. Fixing stage: Repeat S2. Penetration stage and S3. Correction stage until the barrel sinks to the designed penetration depth, and then fill and reinforce the barrel with solidified soil around and inside the barrel; (1) Solidification around the barrel: Repeat the external solidification soil filling construction in the above S2. penetration stage. The solidified soil flows out of the barrel to form a slope. When a uniform reinforcement layer is formed around the barrel, stop filling the solidification soil around the barrel. (2) Solidification in the barrel: Raise the internal solidification soil conveying pipe to the maximum position and fill the barrel with solidification soil. When the solidification soil completely fills the internal barrel space, stop filling the barrel with solidification soil. After the solidification soil in the barrel solidifies and has a certain strength, remove the pulling force on the internal solidification soil conveying pipe. S5. Monitoring stage: After the suction bucket foundation is installed, and after 14 days and 28 days of curing, the construction effect is tested and evaluated; (1) After the barrel is installed, use the depth detection device to verify the barrel embedding depth, use the inclination detection system to check the final horizontal state of the barrel, and comprehensively test the barrel's bearing capacity to ensure that it meets the design requirements; (2) After 14 and 28 days of curing, the scour depth at different locations around the barrel was measured using a scour depth detector, and the cured soil samples were extracted using a soil strength tester and subjected to a rapid direct shear test; (3) Upload all data to the water control system to evaluate the effect of solidified soil filling; the scouring depth of the soil around the barrel shall not exceed 0.5 m; the cohesion of the solidified soil of the protective layer shall be ≥0.1 MPa after 14 days of solidification and ≥0.5 MPa after 28 days; the internal friction angle shall be ≥15° after 14 days of solidification and ≥20° after 28 days; (4) Areas around the barrel that do not meet the design requirements for scour depth, cohesion, and internal friction angle are marked as weak areas. The weak areas are refilled using an external solidification soil filling system, and the above monitoring steps are repeated after construction.

[0008] An anti-scour suction bucket foundation and a device used in a sinking-correcting-fixing construction method, comprising: a bucket body, a solidified soil filling system, a negative pressure penetration system, an above-water control system, and a data detection system; The barrel body is a cylindrical shell, the upper end is closed, the lower end is open, and the edge is thickened; the barrel wall at the upper end of the barrel body is distributed with a connecting rod, an outer solidified soil conveying pipe, an inner solidified soil conveying pipe, a deadweight pneumatic pipe, a vacuum pump pneumatic pipe, and a supporting rib plate; The solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil filling system and an internal solidified soil filling system; The external solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil delivery pump, an external solidified soil delivery pipe, an external solidified soil filling cavity, an external solidified soil filling port, a filling port telescopic control mechanical lock, an external solidified soil inner hole, and a movable plane; the upper end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the external solidified soil delivery pump, the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the movable plane closely attached to the external solidified soil filling cavity, and the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe contains a plurality of external solidified soil inner holes; The inner solidified soil filling system comprises an inner solidified soil delivery pump, an inner solidified soil delivery pipe, a force spring, a filling plate, an initial fixing device, an inner solidified soil pipeline interface, and an inner solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; the lower end of the inner solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the filling plate, and the lower part of the filling plate is designed with an inner solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; The negative pressure penetration system includes a hydraulic device, a water pump, and a locking device; the hydraulic device, the water pump, and the locking device are located above the suction barrel base, the hydraulic device controls the opening and closing of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve, the water pump controls the negative pressure penetration of the barrel body; the locking device controls the connection and separation of the negative pressure penetration system and the barrel body; The data detection system includes an inclination sensor, a depth sensor, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition instrument, a monitoring system, and a remote data processing module; the inclination sensor and the pressure sensor are located above the barrel cover, the depth sensor is located around the barrel wall, the data acquisition instrument is responsible for collecting various sensor data and transmitting them to the monitoring system, the monitoring system is responsible for real-time data analysis, and outputs the inclination angle, penetration depth and pressure distribution, and the remote data processing module uploads the detection data to the water control system; The above-water control system includes a control workstation and measurement and control software; the control workstation can issue control instructions to the negative pressure penetration system, the control workstation can receive underwater measurement parameters uploaded by the data detection system in real time, and the measurement and control software analyzes the measurement parameters and provides feedback on the construction operation.

[0009] Furthermore, the negative pressure penetration rate of the barrel during the sinking stage should be controlled to be 0.5-2.0 m / h.

[0010] Furthermore, the water pump flow control in the correction stage includes two methods: one is to control the frequency of the water pump motor to change the speed of the water pump; the other is to control the opening of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the penetration and correction stages is 200-300 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥0.4 MPa, and the solidified soil loss is 10-20%; the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the fixing stage is in the range of 100-200 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥1.0 MPa, and the solidified soil loss is <10%.

[0012] Furthermore, the base material of the suction bucket is high-strength steel, and the surface is coated with a low-friction, corrosion-resistant coating.

[0013] Furthermore, the external solidified soil conveying pipe in the external solidified soil filling system has a visual scale, the external solidified soil filling cavity is a mutually independent fan-shaped cavity, and each area and each layer of the external solidified soil filling port shares a set of filling port telescopic control mechanical locks. The filling port telescopic control mechanical locks control the telescopic and opening and closing of the external solidified soil filling port through the up and down movement of the external solidified soil conveying pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner solidified soil conveying pipe in the inner solidified soil filling system has a visual scale, and the inner solidified soil conveying pipe has an initial fixing device, which is located at the upper end of the barrel cover and controls the initial position of the filling plate to be flush with the bottom of the barrel body, and the force spring is located at the outer circle of the inner solidified soil conveying pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the voltage of the negative pressure penetration system is 380 V, the power is ≥120 kw, and the flow rate of the water pump is 300-400 m 3 / h.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects: (1) The present invention provides a method for the whole process of sinking-correcting-fixing of an anti-scour suction bucket foundation. It is a technical solution that can work in an all-round collaborative manner and can fully realize the comprehensive improvement of construction efficiency, foundation stability and later sustainability. On the whole, based on the internal and external solidified soil filling technology, a comprehensive and systematic response is made to complex engineering problems such as soil plugging in the bucket, bucket tilting, and scouring around the bucket. The construction methods in the preparation, sinking, correcting, fixing, and testing stages are comprehensive, meticulous, and adapted to local conditions, and have normative reference significance for the on-site construction technology of suction bucket foundations; (2) The present invention provides a whole-process construction system for sinking, correcting and fixing of an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation. The new suction bucket foundation device can be prefabricated in advance to improve construction efficiency. The filling pipe in the bucket in the internal and external solidified soil system can directly observe the height of the mud surface in the bucket, changing the traditional method of obtaining the height of the soil plug by calculation. The test parameters are more accurate, thereby changing the negative pressure sinking rate of the bucket in real time and improving construction safety. The negative pressure penetration system, data detection system, and water control system cooperate with each other to realize the integration of detection, control, and construction, forming an inseparable whole of the suction bucket foundation construction. (3) The present invention provides a method for the whole process of sinking-correcting-fixing of an anti-scour suction barrel foundation, wherein during the sinking stage, the strength of the soil around the barrel is improved by external solidifying soil filling technology to prevent the impact of scour around the barrel. The internal solidifying soil filling technology is used to prevent soil liquefaction and effectively prevent the phenomenon of excessive soil plugging in the barrel, so that the barrel can reach the designed sinking depth; (4) The present invention provides a method for the whole process of sinking, correcting and fixing of an anti-scour suction barrel foundation, wherein in the correction stage, the method of correcting the deviation according to the tilt angle improves the construction efficiency and avoids material waste. The solidified soil filling technology is used to adjust the mechanical properties of the soil in layers and regions, fill the gaps and surrounding soil after the barrel body is corrected, realize auxiliary correction of different tilt angles, and prevent the barrel body from tilting again; (5) The present invention provides a method for the construction of a scour-resistant suction bucket foundation that includes sinking, correcting deviation, and fixing. In the fixing stage, a ring structure in which the external solidified soil flows into a slope by itself provides long-term scour-resistant protection to ensure foundation stability. The internal solidified soil fills all the gaps in the bucket body, thereby improving the pull-out bearing capacity of the suction bucket and the safety of the bucket top plate structure, and preventing the foundation from overturning due to excessive local stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a construction system of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a construction flow chart of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a distribution diagram of the external solidified soil filling ports of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the main structural view of the suction bucket foundation of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a design diagram of the external solidified soil filling system of the present invention: (a) the external solidified soil filling port is in an extended state, and (b) the external solidified soil filling port is in a contracted state.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a design diagram of the internal solidification soil filling system of the present invention: (a) the filling plate is close to the internal solidification soil filling pipe side, (b) the filling plate is close to the soil side.

[0024] In the figure: 1. barrel; 2. solidified soil filling system; 3. negative pressure penetration system; 4. water control system; 5. data detection system; 101. barrel cover; 102. barrel wall; 103. connecting rod; 104. self-weight pneumatic tube; 105. vacuum pump pneumatic tube; 106. supporting ribs; 201. external solidified soil delivery pump; 202. external solidified soil delivery pipe; 203. external solidified soil filling cavity; 204. external solidified soil filling port; 205. filling port telescopic control mechanical lock; 206. external solidified soil inner hole; 207. movable plane; 301 , internal solidified soil delivery pump; 302, internal solidified soil delivery pipe; 303, force spring; 304, filling plate, 305, initial fixing device; 306, internal solidified soil pipeline interface; 307, internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; 401, hydraulic device; 402, water pump; 403, locking device; 501, inclination sensor; 502, depth sensor; 503, pressure sensor; 504, data acquisition instrument; 505, monitoring system; 506, remote data processing module; 601, control workstation; 602, measurement and control software. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] In this specification, the terms used, such as "upper", "lower", "side", "bottom", "middle", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are only relative words determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationships of the various components or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0027] In this specification, the terms used, such as "connected", "connected", "separated", etc., should be understood in a broad sense and may mean directly connected or separated, or indirectly connected or separated through an intermediate medium. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention should be determined based on specific circumstances and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the present invention designs an anti-scour suction barrel foundation and a sinking-correcting-fixing construction system, including: a barrel body 1, a solidified soil filling system 2, a negative pressure penetration system 3, an above-water control system 4, and a data detection system 5.

[0029] like Figure 3 , 4As shown, the barrel body 1 is a cylindrical shell, the upper end is closed, the lower end is open, and the edge is thickened. The barrel wall at the upper end of the barrel body 1 is distributed with a connecting rod 103, an external solidified soil conveying pipe 202, an internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302, a deadweight pneumatic pipe 104, a vacuum pump pneumatic pipe 105, and a supporting rib 106. The barrel body 1 is made of high-strength steel and coated with a low-friction, corrosion-resistant coating.

[0030] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the solidified soil filling system 2 includes an external solidified soil filling system and an internal solidified soil filling system.

[0031] like Figure 5 As shown, the external solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil delivery pump 201, an external solidified soil delivery pipe 202, an external solidified soil filling cavity 203, an external solidified soil filling port 204, a filling port telescopic control mechanical lock 205, an external solidified soil inner hole 206, and a movable plane 207; the upper end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe 202 is connected to the external solidified soil delivery pump 201, and the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe 202 is connected to the movable plane 207 closely attached to the external solidified soil filling cavity 203, and the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe 202 contains a plurality of external solidified soil inner holes 206.

[0032] The external solidified soil conveying pipe 202 in the external solidified soil filling system has a visual scale, the external solidified soil filling cavity 203 is a mutually independent fan-shaped cavity, and each area and layer of the external solidified soil filling port 204 shares a set of filling port telescopic control mechanical locks 205. The filling port telescopic control mechanical locks 205 control the telescopic and opening and closing of the external solidified soil filling port 204 by moving the external solidified soil conveying pipe 202 up and down.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, the internal solidified soil filling system includes an internal solidified soil conveying pump 301, an internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302, a force spring 303, a filling plate 304, an initial fixing device 305, an internal solidified soil pipeline interface 306, and an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel 307; the lower end of the internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302 is connected to the filling plate 304, and the lower part of the filling plate 304 is designed with an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel 307.

[0034] The inner solidified soil conveying pipe 302 in the inner solidified soil filling system has a visual scale, and the inner solidified soil conveying pipe 302 has an initial fixing device 305, which is located at the upper end of the barrel cover 101 and controls the initial position of the filling plate 304 to be flush with the bottom of the barrel body 1, and the force spring 303 is located on the outer circle of the inner solidified soil conveying pipe 302.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, the negative pressure penetration system 4 includes a hydraulic device 401, a water pump 402, and a locking device 403. The hydraulic device 401, the water pump 402, and the locking device 403 are located above the barrel body 1. The hydraulic device 401 controls the opening and closing of the valves of the self-weight pneumatic tube 104 and the vacuum pump pneumatic tube 105, and the water pump 402 controls the negative pressure penetration of the barrel body 1; the locking device 403 controls the connection and separation of the negative pressure penetration system 3 and the barrel body 1.

[0036] Among them, the voltage of negative pressure penetration system 4 is 380 V, the power is ≥120 kw, and the flow rate of pump 402 is 300-400 m 3 / h.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the data detection system 5 includes an inclination sensor 501, a depth sensor 502, a pressure sensor 503, a data acquisition instrument 504, a monitoring system 505, and a remote data processing module 506. The inclination sensor 501 and the pressure sensor 503 are located above the barrel cover 101, and the depth sensor 502 is located around the barrel wall 102. The data acquisition instrument 504 is responsible for collecting various sensor data and transmitting them to the monitoring system 505. The monitoring system 505 is responsible for real-time data analysis and outputs parameters such as inclination angle, penetration depth and pressure distribution. The remote data processing module 506 uploads the detection data to the water control system 6.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the water control system 6 includes a control workstation 601 and a measurement and control software 602. The control workstation 601 can issue control instructions to the negative pressure penetration system 4. The control workstation 601 can receive underwater measurement parameters uploaded by the data detection system 5 in real time. The measurement and control software 602 analyzes the measurement parameters and provides feedback on the construction operation. Example

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, a sinking-correcting-fixing construction method for an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation includes the following construction steps:

[0040] S1. Preparation stage: After transporting the construction equipment and curing materials to the construction site, carry out geological survey and determine the construction parameters in the construction area; (1) Design the slurry ratio of the solidified soil based on the seabed soil and the properties of the solidified materials, including the water-binder ratio, the proportion of solidified soil, and the type and ratio of additives; (2) Calculate the penetration resistance of the barrel based on the seabed soil, the friction resistance of the barrel side wall, the size and shape of the barrel end, and the bearing capacity coefficient; (3) Based on the size, shape and bearing capacity of the barrel, calculate the critical suction and allowable suction of the barrel.

[0041] S2. Sinking and penetration stage: After the construction ship is in place, the suction bucket foundation is hoisted into the water, and the external solidification soil filling, gravity sinking and penetration, external solidification soil filling, and negative pressure penetration operations are carried out in sequence; (1) Hoisting into water: lift the barrel to the intended installation location; the hoisting equipment puts the suction barrel into the water. When it detects that the bottom of the barrel has just touched the mud surface, the hoisting equipment is controlled to stop descending; adjust the barrel to move in a small range until the azimuth and coordinates meet the design requirements; (2) External solidified soil filling: The external solidified soil conveying pipe is lifted up to the same height at a uniform speed. The external solidified soil conveying pipe squeezes the mechanical lock device in the external solidified soil filling cavity. The mechanical lock device controls the external solidified soil filling port closest to the seabed. The external solidified soil filling port extends out of the suction barrel and is in an open state. The soil filling around the barrel is carried out. When the solidified soil is evenly spread around the barrel, the external solidified soil conveying pipe continues to be lifted up, and the external solidified soil filling port is retracted into the suction barrel and closed. (3) Gravity penetration: Open the valve of the self-weight pneumatic pipe to allow the water in the barrel to drain freely; the lifting equipment slowly descends, and the barrel penetrates the seabed by its own weight; the data detection system detects the penetration depth, structural levelness and sinking speed of the barrel in real time; the barrel is leveled in a small area through the lifting equipment; when the barrel no longer sinks by gravity, close the valve of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and the gravity penetration is completed; let it stand for 15-30 minutes to form a sealing condition; (4) Internal solidified soil filling: The solidified soil enters the lower filling plate through the internal solidified soil conveying pipe, and the internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel is opened to fill the soil gaps in the barrel; when the filling plate height rises by 0.1-0.3 m, the internal solidified soil filling is stopped; (5) Negative pressure penetration: Open the valve of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe, start the water pump, and start the suction penetration operation. During the penetration process, the barrel continues to sink, and the data detection system monitors the barrel level, penetration depth, and internal and external pressure difference in real time.

[0042] During the sinking stage, the negative pressure penetration rate of the barrel should be controlled at 0.5-2.0 m / h.

[0043] S3. Correction stage: Determine the tilt direction and amplitude through the tilt sensor and measuring equipment; design the solidification soil ratio and filling position according to the tilt angle and soil characteristics; when the tilt angle of the suction bucket is greater than the allowable value, stop the penetration stage and correct the deviation in time; (1) Small angle correction: During the penetration process, when the barrel body tilts less than 5°, the penetration speed of the barrel body is controlled by controlling the water pump flow rate and changing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the barrel until the barrel body is adjusted horizontally; for the area on the tilted side and the opposite side of the barrel body, repeat the external solidifying soil filling construction in the above S2. penetration stage; until the solidifying soil completely fills the gap between the barrel body and the soil, stop filling the solidifying soil around the barrel body; (2) Large-angle correction: During the sinking process, if the barrel tilts ≥5°, it is corrected by water pump flow control and lifting equipment until the barrel is horizontally adjusted; repeat the internal and external solidified soil filling construction in the above S2. sinking stage; stop filling the solidified soil until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the barrel and the soil and forms a slope around the barrel.

[0044] There are two methods to control the water pump flow in the correction stage. One is to control the frequency of the water pump motor and change the speed of the water pump; the other is to control the opening of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve.

[0045] S4. Fixing stage: Repeat S2. Penetration stage and S3. Correction stage until the barrel sinks to the designed penetration depth, and then fill and reinforce the barrel with solidified soil around and inside the barrel; (1) Solidification around the barrel: Repeat the external solidification soil filling construction in the above S2. penetration stage. The solidified soil flows out of the barrel to form a slope. When a uniform reinforcement layer is formed around the barrel, stop filling the solidification soil around the barrel. (2) Solidification in the barrel: Raise the internal solidification soil conveying pipe to the maximum position and fill the barrel with solidification soil. When the solidification soil completely fills the internal gap of the barrel, stop filling the barrel with solidification soil. After the solidification soil in the barrel solidifies and has a certain strength, remove the pulling force on the internal solidification soil conveying pipe.

[0046] S5. Monitoring stage: After the suction bucket foundation is installed, and after 14 days and 28 days of curing, the construction effect is tested and evaluated; (1) After the barrel is installed, use the depth detection device to verify the barrel embedding depth, use the inclination detection system to check the final horizontal state of the barrel, and comprehensively test the barrel's bearing capacity to ensure that it meets the design requirements; (2) After 14 and 28 days of curing, the scour depth at different locations around the barrel was measured using a scour depth detector, and the cured soil samples were extracted using a soil strength tester and subjected to a rapid direct shear test; (3) Upload all data to the water control system to evaluate the effect of solidified soil filling; the scouring depth of the soil around the barrel shall not exceed 0.5 m; the cohesion of the solidified soil of the protective layer shall be ≥0.1 MPa after 14 days of solidification and ≥0.5 MPa after 28 days; the internal friction angle shall be ≥15° after 14 days of solidification and ≥20° after 28 days; (4) Areas around the barrel that do not meet the design requirements for scour depth, cohesion, and internal friction angle are marked as weak areas. The weak areas are refilled using an external solidification soil filling system, and the above monitoring steps are repeated after construction.

[0047] The fluidity of the solidified soil used in the penetration and correction stages is 200-300 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥0.4 MPa, and the solidified soil loss is 10-20%; the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the fixing stage is in the range of 100-200 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥1.0 MPa, and the solidified soil loss is <10%.

[0048] It should be noted that the detailed description of the series of construction embodiments, devices and methods described above are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, and any equivalent embodiments or improvements that do not depart from the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sinking-correction-fixing construction method for an anti-scour suction bucket foundation, characterized in that: The construction steps include: S1. Preparation stage: After transporting the construction equipment and curing materials to the construction site, carry out geological survey and determine the construction parameters in the construction area; (1) Design the slurry ratio of the solidified soil based on the seabed soil and the properties of the solidified materials, including the water-binder ratio, the proportion of solidified soil, and the type and ratio of additives; (2) Calculate the penetration resistance of the barrel based on the seabed soil, the friction resistance of the barrel side wall, the size and shape of the barrel end, and the bearing capacity coefficient; (3) Based on the size, shape and bearing capacity of the barrel, calculate the critical suction and allowable suction of the barrel; S2. Sinking and penetration stage: After the construction ship is in place, the suction bucket foundation is hoisted into the water, and the external solidification soil filling, gravity sinking and penetration, external solidification soil filling, and negative pressure penetration operations are carried out in sequence; (1) Hoisting into water: lift the barrel to the intended installation location; the hoisting equipment puts the suction barrel into the water. When it detects that the bottom of the barrel has just touched the mud surface, the hoisting equipment is controlled to stop descending; adjust the barrel to move in a small range until the azimuth and coordinates meet the design requirements; (2) External solidified soil filling: The external solidified soil conveying pipe is lifted up to the same height at a uniform speed. The external solidified soil conveying pipe squeezes the mechanical lock device in the external solidified soil filling cavity. The mechanical lock device controls the external solidified soil filling port closest to the seabed. The external solidified soil filling port extends out of the suction barrel and is in an open state. The soil filling around the barrel is carried out. When the solidified soil is evenly spread around the barrel, the external solidified soil conveying pipe continues to be lifted up, and the external solidified soil filling port is retracted into the suction barrel and closed. (3) Gravity penetration: Open the valve of the self-weight pneumatic pipe to allow the water in the barrel to drain freely; the lifting equipment slowly descends, and the barrel penetrates the seabed by its own weight; the data detection system detects the penetration depth, structural levelness and sinking speed of the barrel in real time; the barrel is leveled in a small area through the lifting equipment; when the barrel no longer sinks by gravity, close the valve of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and gravity penetration ends; Let stand for 15-30 minutes to form a sealed condition; (4) Internal solidified soil filling: The solidified soil enters the lower filling plate through the internal solidified soil conveying pipe, and the internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel is opened to fill the soil gaps in the barrel; when the filling plate height rises by 0.1-0.3 m, the internal solidified soil filling is stopped; (5) Negative pressure penetration: Open the valve of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe, start the water pump, and start the suction penetration operation. During the penetration process, the barrel continues to sink, and the data detection system monitors the barrel level, penetration depth, and internal and external pressure difference in real time; S3. Correction stage: Determine the tilt direction and amplitude through the tilt sensor and measuring equipment; design the solidification soil ratio and filling position according to the tilt angle and soil characteristics; when the tilt angle of the suction bucket is greater than the allowable value, stop the penetration stage and correct the deviation in time; (1) Small angle correction: During the penetration process, when the barrel body tilts less than 5°, the penetration speed of the barrel body is controlled by controlling the water pump flow rate and changing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the barrel until the barrel body is adjusted horizontally; for the area on the tilted side and the opposite side of the barrel body, repeat the external solidifying soil filling construction in the above S2. penetration stage; until the solidifying soil completely fills the gap between the barrel body and the soil, stop filling the solidifying soil around the barrel body; (2) Large-angle correction: During the penetration process, if the barrel tilts ≥5°, the barrel is straightened by water pump flow control and hoisting equipment until the barrel is adjusted horizontally; repeat the inner and outer solidified soil filling construction of S2. penetration stage; stop filling the solidified soil until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the barrel and the soil and forms a slope around the barrel by self-flow; S4. Fixing stage: Repeat S2. Penetration stage and S3. Correction stage until the barrel sinks to the designed penetration depth, and then fill and reinforce the barrel with solidified soil around and inside the barrel; (1) Solidification around the barrel: Repeat the external solidification soil filling construction in the above S2. penetration stage. The solidified soil flows out of the barrel to form a slope. When a uniform reinforcement layer is formed around the barrel, stop filling the solidification soil around the barrel. (2) Solidification in the barrel: Raise the internal solidification soil conveying pipe to the maximum position and fill the barrel with solidification soil. When the solidification soil completely fills the internal barrel space, stop filling the barrel with solidification soil. After the solidification soil in the barrel solidifies and has a certain strength, remove the pulling force on the internal solidification soil conveying pipe. S5. Monitoring stage: After the suction bucket foundation is installed, and after 14 days and 28 days of curing, the construction effect is tested and evaluated; (1) After the barrel is installed, use the depth detection device to verify the barrel embedding depth, use the inclination detection system to check the final horizontal state of the barrel, and comprehensively test the barrel's bearing capacity to ensure that it meets the design requirements; (2) After 14 and 28 days of curing, the scour depth at different locations around the barrel was measured using a scour depth detector, and the cured soil samples were extracted using a soil strength tester and subjected to a rapid direct shear test; (3) Upload all data to the water control system to evaluate the effect of solidified soil filling; the scouring depth of the soil around the barrel shall not exceed 0.5 m; the cohesion of the solidified soil of the protective layer shall be ≥0.1 MPa after 14 days of solidification and ≥0.5 MPa after 28 days; the internal friction angle shall be ≥15° after 14 days of solidification and ≥20° after 28 days; (4) Areas around the barrel that do not meet the design requirements for scour depth, cohesion, and internal friction angle are marked as weak areas. The weak areas are refilled using an external solidification soil filling system, and the above monitoring steps are repeated after construction.

2. The device used in the sinking-correction-fixing construction method of the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation according to claim 1 comprises: Barrel body, solidified soil filling system, negative pressure penetration system, water control system, data detection system; The barrel body is a cylindrical shell, the upper end is closed, the lower end is open, and the edge is thickened; the barrel wall at the upper end of the barrel body is distributed with a connecting rod, an outer solidified soil conveying pipe, an inner solidified soil conveying pipe, a deadweight pneumatic pipe, a vacuum pump pneumatic pipe, and a supporting rib plate; The solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil filling system and an internal solidified soil filling system; The external solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil delivery pump, an external solidified soil delivery pipe, an external solidified soil filling cavity, an external solidified soil filling port, a filling port telescopic control mechanical lock, an external solidified soil inner hole, and a movable plane; the upper end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the external solidified soil delivery pump, the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the movable plane closely attached to the external solidified soil filling cavity, and the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe contains a plurality of external solidified soil inner holes; The inner solidified soil filling system comprises an inner solidified soil delivery pump, an inner solidified soil delivery pipe, a force spring, a filling plate, an initial fixing device, an inner solidified soil pipeline interface, and an inner solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; the lower end of the inner solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the filling plate, and the lower part of the filling plate is designed with an inner solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; The negative pressure penetration system includes a hydraulic device, a water pump, and a locking device; the hydraulic device, the water pump, and the locking device are located above the suction barrel base, the hydraulic device controls the opening and closing of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve, the water pump controls the negative pressure penetration of the barrel body; the locking device controls the connection and separation of the negative pressure penetration system and the barrel body; The data detection system includes an inclination sensor, a depth sensor, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition instrument, a monitoring system, and a remote data processing module; the inclination sensor and the pressure sensor are located above the barrel cover, the depth sensor is located around the barrel wall, the data acquisition instrument is responsible for collecting various sensor data and transmitting them to the monitoring system, the monitoring system is responsible for real-time data analysis, and outputs the inclination angle, penetration depth and pressure distribution, and the remote data processing module uploads the detection data to the water control system; The above-water control system includes a control workstation and measurement and control software; the control workstation can issue control instructions to the negative pressure penetration system, the control workstation can receive underwater measurement parameters uploaded by the data detection system in real time, and the measurement and control software analyzes the measurement parameters and provides feedback on the construction operation.

3. The sinking-correction-fixing construction method of the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The negative pressure penetration rate of the barrel during the sinking stage should be controlled at 0.5-2.0 m / h.

4. The sinking-correction-fixing construction method of the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water pump flow control in the deviation correction stage includes two methods: one is to control the frequency of the water pump motor to change the speed of the water pump; the other is to control the opening of the valve of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe.

5. The sinking-correction-fixing construction method of the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fluidity of the solidified soil used in the penetration and correction stages is 200-300 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥0.4 MPa, and the solidified soil loss is 10-20%; the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the fixing stage is in the range of 100-200 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥1.0 MPa, and the solidified soil loss is <10%.

6. The device for the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation and the sinking-correction-fixing construction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The base material of the suction bucket is high-strength steel, and the surface is coated with a low-friction, corrosion-resistant coating.

7. The device for the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation and the sinking-correction-fixing construction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The external solidified soil conveying pipe in the external solidified soil filling system has a visual scale, the external solidified soil filling cavity is a mutually independent fan-shaped cavity, and each area and each layer of the external solidified soil filling port shares a set of filling port telescopic control mechanical locks. The filling port telescopic control mechanical locks control the telescopic and opening and closing of the external solidified soil filling port through the up and down movement of the external solidified soil conveying pipe.

8. The device for the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation and the sinking-correction-fixing construction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The inner solidified soil conveying pipe in the inner solidified soil filling system has a visual scale, and the inner solidified soil conveying pipe has an initial fixing device, which is located at the upper end of the barrel cover and controls the initial position of the filling plate to be flush with the bottom of the barrel body, and the force spring is located at the outer circle of the inner solidified soil conveying pipe.

9. The device for the scour-resistant suction bucket foundation and the sinking-correction-fixing construction method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The voltage of the negative pressure penetration system is 380 V, the power is ≥120 kw, and the flow rate of the water pump is 300-400m 3 / h.

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