An anti-scouring suction bucket foundation and a construction method for sinking, rectifying and fixing

Abstract

The present invention discloses an anti-scour suction bucket foundation and a sinking - rectifying - fixing construction method. The suction bucket foundation mainly consists of a bucket body and an internal and external solidified soil filling system. A number of telescopic external solidified soil filling ports are evenly distributed around the bucket body, and a filling plate and an internal solidified soil filling channel are arranged inside the bucket body. The construction method includes a preparation stage of geological exploration and parameter determination, a sinking stage of gravity sinking and negative pressure penetration, a rectifying stage of leveling at different inclination angles, a fixing stage of solidified soil filling, and an evaluation and detection stage after construction. The present invention designs a suction bucket foundation with the function of solidified soil scour protection, providing systematic guidance for on-site installation. Through regional, layered, and full-process internal and external solidified soil reinforcement, the sinking stage can improve the anti-scour ability around the bucket, prevent soil liquefaction and soil plugging inside the bucket, the rectifying stage can improve the anti-tilt ability of the bucket body, and the fixing stage can effectively enhance the long-term anti-scour ability and uplift bearing capacity of the foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering suction bucket foundation construction, and particularly relates to an anti-scour suction bucket foundation and a sinking - deviation correction - fixation construction method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of marine engineering, especially in the construction of infrastructure such as offshore wind power, offshore oil platforms, and submarine pipelines, suction bucket foundations have gradually become a widely used foundation type due to their good stability, reusability, etc. However, compared with the pile driving construction of traditional pile foundations, the construction technology of suction bucket foundations is more complex and involves higher technical content. As a new type of foundation form, the design and construction technology of suction bucket foundations have important research value, especially when solving problems such as settlement and stability in complex marine environments.

[0003] It should be noted that the internal structure and construction methods of traditional suction bucket foundations are single, and problems such as soil plugs inside the bucket, bucket inclination, and scour around the bucket are often encountered. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an anti-scour suction bucket foundation and a whole-process construction method for sinking - deviation correction - fixation to ensure that the foundation can reach the designed embedment depth stably and quickly during the construction process. Solidified soil is a mixture composed of one or more soil types and a curing agent. After special proportioning and treatment, it has characteristics such as high compressive strength, appropriate fluidity, pumpability, and setting time, and can quickly adapt to the special environmental conditions of the seabed. During the construction process of the foundation, the sinking, deviation correction, and fixation stages of the suction bucket foundation are the key factors determining its foundation stability and service life. The solidified soil plays a role in soil improvement of preventing scour, preventing soil plugs, and preventing inclination during the sinking and deviation correction processes of the suction bucket foundation, and forms a long-term strong protective layer during the fixation stage.

[0004] Currently, there are certain deficiencies in related construction methods and devices, mainly including the following points:

[0005] (1) For the problems of soil plugs inside the bucket and the inability to reach the designed sinking depth, existing research mostly ignores the complexity of seabed geology and only stays at the research of designing different anti-soil plug devices; for example, a stirring head is set inside the bucket, but its design is prone to local blockage problems in soil layers with high water content or soft soils; an anti-filter layer device is set inside the bucket, but there may be a problem of material blocking the anti-filter layer in soil layers with high water content;

[0006] (2)Regarding the problems of the instability of the foundation settlement during penetration and the slow penetration, most of the existing studies ignore the scouring effect of the ocean current on the bucket perimeter during penetration and only stay at the research of designing different acceleration devices for sinking; for example, designing grouting to fill the cavity to increase the self-weight penetration, but the grouting material may be unevenly distributed, resulting in foundation deviation or uneven settlement during the penetration process; designing a high-frequency vibration device to assist in sinking, but the vibration may cause local disturbance of the soil around the bucket, resulting in uneven settlement;

[0007] (3)Regarding the problems of the bucket body tilting and being unable to be detected and corrected in time, most of the existing studies ignore the voids in the soil around the bucket after correction and the phenomenon that the bucket body will tilt again, and only stay at the research of designing different bucket body correction devices; for example, jetting high-pressure water and gas for foundation correction, but jetting water or gas will cause the soil around the bucket to become loose or softened in local areas, and the correction effect is difficult to last, with the risk of "re-tilting"; using electroosmosis for foundation correction, but in deep or areas with uneven soil electrical properties, the electroosmosis effect may not be sufficient to effectively adjust the tilted bucket body;

[0008] (4)Regarding the problem of how to reinforce the foundation after installation to improve the structural bearing capacity and the bucket perimeter's resistance to ocean current scouring, most of the existing studies ignore the long-term stability after soil reinforcement and only stay at the research of single physical or chemical reinforcement means; for example, designing a layered grouting device to reinforce the suction bucket foundation, but in a complex seabed environment, the requirements for grouting equipment are high and the construction is difficult, and the slurry has uneven diffusibility after entering the soil, resulting in local uneven reinforcement effects; designing a heating device for the bucket body to consolidate the soil, but it has problems such as high energy consumption, uneven distribution of soil temperature, and poor adaptability to the external environment;

[0009] (5)Most of the existing studies solve a certain specific or several engineering problems during the construction process of the suction bucket foundation and cannot comprehensively and systematically address the complex engineering problems existing in the penetration, correction, and fixation stages of the foundation construction as a whole. Therefore, there is a lack of a technical method that can work in an all-round coordinated manner, and the comprehensive improvement of construction efficiency, foundation stability, and later sustainability has not been fully realized. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation and a construction method for the whole process of penetration-correction-fixation. By introducing the solidified soil filling technology and designing the relevant construction systems and methods for the suction bucket foundation, the present invention effectively solves engineering problems such as soil plugs in the bucket, bucket body tilting, and scouring around the bucket, and improves construction efficiency and structural stability.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] A construction method for the penetration-correction-fixation of an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation, comprising the following construction steps:

[0013] S1. Preparation stage: After transporting the construction equipment and solidifying materials to the construction site, conduct geological exploration and determine construction parameters for the construction area;

[0014] (1) Based on the seabed soil quality and the properties of the solidifying materials, design the mix ratio of the solidified soil slurry, including the water-binder ratio, the proportion of solidified soil, the types and proportions of additives;

[0015] (2) Based on the seabed soil quality, the skin friction of the bucket side wall, the dimensions and shape of the bucket end, and the bearing capacity coefficient, calculate the penetration resistance of the bucket body;

[0016] (3) Based on the dimensions and shape of the bucket body and the bearing capacity of the seabed soil, calculate the critical suction and allowable suction of the bucket body;

[0017] S2. Sinking and penetration stage: After the construction ship is in place, hoist the suction bucket foundation into the water and successively carry out operations of filling the outer solidified soil, gravity sinking, filling the outer solidified soil, and negative pressure penetration;

[0018] (1) Hoisting into the water: Hoist the bucket body to the proposed installation position; the hoisting equipment lowers the suction bucket into the water. When it is detected that the bottom end of the bucket body just touches the mud surface, control the hoisting equipment to suspend the descent; adjust the small-range movement of the bucket body until the azimuth and coordinates both meet the design requirements;

[0019] (2) Filling the outer solidified soil: Slowly lift the outer solidified soil delivery pipe to the same height. The outer solidified soil delivery pipe extrudes the mechanical lock device in the outer solidified soil filling cavity. The mechanical lock device controls the outer solidified soil filling port closest to the seabed. The outer solidified soil filling port extends out of the suction bucket and is in an open state to fill the soil around the bucket; when the solidified soil evenly covers the periphery of the bucket, the outer solidified soil delivery pipe continues to be lifted, and the outer solidified soil filling port retracts into the suction bucket and closes;

[0020] (3) Gravity sinking: Open the self-weight pneumatic pipe valve to allow the water in the bucket to drain freely; the hoisting equipment slowly descends, and the bucket body penetrates into the seabed by its own weight; the data detection system real-time detects the penetration depth, structural levelness, and sinking speed of the bucket body; through the hoisting equipment, conduct small-range leveling of the bucket body; when the bucket body no longer sinks by gravity, close the self-weight pneumatic pipe valve, and the gravity sinking ends; stand still for 15 - 30 min to form a sealed condition;

[0021] (4) Filling the inner solidified soil: The solidified soil enters the lower filling plate through the inner solidified soil delivery pipe, and the dispersion channel of the inner solidified soil filling plate is opened to fill the voids in the soil inside the bucket; when the height of the filling plate rises by 0.1 - 0.3 m, stop filling the inner solidified soil;

[0022] (5)Negative pressure penetration: Open the pneumatic pipe valve of the vacuum pump, start the water pump, and begin the suction penetration operation; during the penetration process, the barrel continues to sink, and the data detection system monitors the barrel levelness, penetration depth, and internal and external pressure difference in real time;

[0023] S3. Rectification stage: Determine the inclination direction and amplitude through the inclination sensor and measuring equipment; design the solidified soil ratio and filling position according to the inclination angle and soil properties; when the inclination angle of the suction bucket is greater than the allowable value, stop the sinking and penetration stage and rectify in time;

[0024] (1)Small-angle rectification: During the sinking and penetration process, when the barrel tilts by <5°, by controlling the water pump flow rate, changing the internal and external pressure difference of the barrel, and controlling the barrel penetration speed until the barrel completes the horizontal adjustment; for the areas on the tilted side and the opposite side of the barrel tilt, repeat the external solidified soil filling construction in the above S2. Sinking and penetration stage; stop the barrel perimeter solidified soil filling until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the barrel and the soil;

[0025] (2)Large-angle rectification: During the sinking and penetration process, when the barrel tilts by ≥5°, through water pump flow control and hoisting equipment to straighten until the barrel completes the horizontal adjustment; repeat the internal and external solidified soil filling construction in the above S2. Sinking and penetration stage; stop the solidified soil filling until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the barrel and the soil and forms a slope by gravity around the barrel;

[0026] S4. Fixing stage: Repeat the S2. Sinking and penetration stage and S3. Rectification stage until the barrel sinks to the designed sinking and penetration depth, and then carry out the barrel perimeter and barrel internal solidified soil filling and reinforcement;

[0027] (1)Barrel perimeter solidification: Repeat the external solidified soil filling construction in the above S2. Sinking and penetration stage, stop the barrel perimeter solidified soil filling when the solidified soil forms a slope by gravity outside the barrel and a uniform reinforcement layer is formed around the barrel;

[0028] (2)Barrel internal solidification: Lift the internal solidified soil delivery pipe to the maximum position and fill the barrel with solidified soil; stop the barrel internal solidified soil filling when the solidified soil completely fills the internal barrel gap; after the barrel internal solidified soil solidifies and generates a certain strength, cancel the tension on the internal solidified soil delivery pipe;

[0029] S5. Monitoring stage: Conduct the detection and evaluation of the construction effect 14 days and 28 days after the installation and curing of the suction bucket foundation respectively;

[0030] (1)After the barrel is installed, use the depth detection device to verify the barrel embedding depth, use the inclination detection system to check the final horizontal state of the barrel, and comprehensively test the barrel bearing capacity to ensure that it meets the design requirements;

[0031] (2) After 14 days and 28 days of curing, use a scour depth detector to measure the scour depth at different positions around the bucket, and use a soil strength detector to extract the solidified soil samples and conduct a quick direct shear test;

[0032] (3) Upload all data to the on-water control system for evaluating the filling effect of the solidified soil; the scour depth of the soil around the bucket shall not exceed 0.5 m; the cohesion of the solidified soil in the protective layer shall be ≥0.1 MPa after 14 days of curing and ≥0.5 MPa after 28 days of curing, and the internal friction angle shall be ≥15° after 14 days of curing and ≥20° after 28 days of curing;

[0033] (4) The areas around the bucket that do not meet the design requirements of scour depth, cohesion, and internal friction angle are marked as weak areas, and use the external solidified soil filling system to fill the weak areas twice. Repeat the above monitoring steps after construction.

[0034] An anti-scour suction bucket foundation and the device used in the construction method of sinking, rectifying, and fixing, including: a bucket body, a solidified soil filling system, a negative pressure penetration system, an on-water control system, and a data detection system;

[0035] The bucket body is a cylindrical shell, closed at the upper end, open at the lower end, and the edge is thickened; connecting rods, external solidified soil conveying pipes, internal solidified soil conveying pipes, self-weight pneumatic pipes, vacuum pump pneumatic pipes, and support rib plates are distributed on the upper barrel wall of the bucket body;

[0036] The solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil filling system and an internal solidified soil filling system;

[0037] The external solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil delivery pump, an external solidified soil delivery pipe, an external solidified soil filling cavity, an external solidified soil filling port, a filling port telescopic control mechanical lock, an external solidified soil inner hole, and a movable plane; the upper end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the external solidified soil delivery pump, the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the movable plane closely inside the external solidified soil filling cavity, and the lower end of the external solidified soil delivery pipe contains several external solidified soil inner holes;

[0038] The internal solidified soil filling system includes an internal solidified soil delivery pump, an internal solidified soil delivery pipe, a force spring, a filling plate, an initial fixing device, an internal solidified soil pipeline interface, and an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; the lower end of the internal solidified soil delivery pipe is connected to the filling plate, and the lower part of the filling plate is designed with an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel;

[0039] The negative pressure penetration system includes a hydraulic device, a water pump, and a locking device; the hydraulic device, the water pump, and the locking device are located above the suction bucket foundation. The hydraulic device controls the opening and closing of the valves of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe. The water pump controls the negative pressure penetration of the bucket body. The locking device controls the connection and separation of the negative pressure penetration system and the bucket body;

[0040] The data detection system includes an inclination sensor, a depth sensor, a pressure sensor, a data collector, a monitoring system, and a remote data processing module; the inclination sensor and the pressure sensor are located above the barrel cover, the depth sensor is located around the barrel wall, the data collector is responsible for collecting data from various sensors and transmitting it to the monitoring system, the monitoring system is responsible for real-time data analysis and outputs the inclination angle, penetration depth, and pressure distribution, and the remote data processing module uploads the detection data to the water control system;

[0041] The water control system includes a control workstation and measurement and control software; the control workstation can send control instructions to the negative pressure penetration system, the control workstation can receive the underwater measurement parameters uploaded by the data detection system in real time, and the measurement and control software analyzes the measurement parameters and gives feedback on construction operations.

[0042] Furthermore, during the sinking and penetration stage, the negative pressure penetration rate of the barrel should be controlled at 0.5 - 2.0 m / h.

[0043] Furthermore, the water pump flow control in the deviation correction stage includes two methods. One is to control the frequency of the water pump motor to change the water pump speed, and the other is to control the opening degree of the pneumatic pipe valve of the vacuum pump.

[0044] Furthermore, the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the sinking and penetration and deviation correction stages is 200 - 300 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥0.4 MPa, and the loss of solidified soil is 10 - 20%; the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the fixing stage is in the range of 100 - 200 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥1.0 MPa, and the loss of solidified soil <10%.

[0045] Furthermore, the material of the suction bucket foundation is high-strength steel, and its outer surface is coated with a low-friction and corrosion-resistant coating.

[0046] Furthermore, in the external solidified soil filling system, the external solidified soil delivery pipe has visible scales, the external solidified soil filling cavity is an independent fan-shaped cavity, each area and each layer of the external solidified soil filling port shares a set of filling port telescopic control mechanical locks, and the filling port telescopic control mechanical locks control the telescoping and opening and closing of the external solidified soil filling port through the up and down movement of the external solidified soil delivery pipe.

[0047] Furthermore, in the internal solidified soil filling system, the internal solidified soil delivery pipe has visible scales, the internal solidified soil delivery pipe has an initial fixing device, the initial fixing device is located at the upper end of the barrel cover and controls the initial position of the filling plate to be flush with the bottom of the barrel, and the force spring is located outside the circle of the internal solidified soil delivery pipe.

[0048] Furthermore, the voltage of the negative pressure penetration system is 380 V, the power is ≥120 kw, and the water pump flow is 300 - 400 m3 / h.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects:

[0050] (1) The present invention provides a construction method for the whole process of sinking - deviation correction - fixation of an anti - erosion suction bucket foundation, which is a technical solution that can work in an all - round coordinated manner, and can fully realize the comprehensive improvement of construction efficiency, foundation stability and later sustainability. Overall, it comprehensively and systematically addresses complex engineering problems such as the soil plug inside the bucket, the inclination of the bucket body, and the scour around the bucket based on the internal and external solidified soil filling technology. The construction methods in the preparation, sinking, deviation correction, fixation, and detection stages are comprehensive, detailed, and adapted to local conditions, which has a normative reference significance for the on - site construction technology of the suction bucket foundation;

[0051] (2) The present invention provides a construction system for the whole process of sinking - deviation correction - fixation of an anti - erosion suction bucket foundation. The new suction bucket foundation device can be prefabricated in advance to improve construction efficiency; the filling pipe inside the bucket in the internal and external solidified soil system can directly observe the height of the mud surface inside the bucket, changing the traditional method of obtaining the height of the soil plug by calculation, making the test parameters more accurate, and thus changing the negative pressure sinking rate of the bucket body in real - time to improve construction safety; the negative pressure penetration system, data detection system, and water - based control system cooperate with each other to realize the integration of detection - control - construction, forming an inseparable whole for the construction of the suction bucket foundation;

[0052] (3) For the construction method of the whole process of sinking - deviation correction - fixation of an anti - erosion suction bucket foundation provided by the present invention, in the sinking stage, the strength of the soil around the bucket is improved through the external solidified soil filling technology to prevent the influence of scour around the bucket. Through the internal solidified soil filling technology, soil liquefaction is prevented, and the phenomenon of excessive soil plug inside the bucket is effectively prevented, enabling the bucket body to reach the designed sinking depth;

[0053] (4) For the construction method of the whole process of sinking - deviation correction - fixation of an anti - erosion suction bucket foundation provided by the present invention, in the deviation correction stage, the method of correcting the deviation by the inclination angle improves construction efficiency and avoids material waste. The solidified soil filling technology is used to adjust the mechanical properties of the soil layer by layer and regionally, filling the voids after the bucket body is corrected for deviation and the surrounding soil, realizing the auxiliary correction of different inclination angles and preventing the bucket body from tilting again;

[0054] (5) For the construction method of the whole process of sinking - deviation correction - fixation of an anti - erosion suction bucket foundation provided by the present invention, in the fixation stage, a long - term anti - erosion protection is provided by the annular structure of the external solidified soil flowing into a slope to ensure the foundation stability. The internal solidified soil fills all the voids inside the bucket body, improving the uplift bearing capacity of the suction bucket and the safety of the bucket roof structure, and preventing the foundation from overturning due to excessive local stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0056] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the construction system of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 It is a construction flow chart of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 It is a distribution map of the external solidified soil filling ports of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 4 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the suction bucket foundation of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 5 It is a design diagram of the external solidified soil filling system of the present invention: (a) the state where the external solidified soil filling port extends, (b) the state where the external solidified soil filling port contracts.

[0061] Figure 6 It is a design diagram of the internal solidified soil filling system of the present invention: (a) the side of the filling plate near the internal solidified soil filling pipe, (b) the side of the filling plate near the soil mass.

[0062] In the figure: 1, barrel body; 2, solidified soil filling system; 3, negative pressure penetration system; 4, water control system; 5, data detection system; 101, barrel cover; 102, barrel wall; 103, connecting rod; 104, self-weight pneumatic pipe; 105, vacuum pump pneumatic pipe; 106, support rib plate; 201, external solidified soil delivery pump; 202, external solidified soil delivery pipe; 203, external solidified soil filling cavity; 204, external solidified soil filling port; 205, filling port telescopic control mechanical lock; 206, external solidified soil inner hole; 207, movable plane; 301, internal solidified soil delivery pump; 302, internal solidified soil delivery pipe; 303, stress spring; 304, filling plate, 305, initial fixing device; 306, internal solidified soil pipe interface; 307, internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; 401, hydraulic device; 402, water pump; 403, locking device; 501, inclination sensor; 502, depth sensor; 503, pressure sensor; 504, data acquisition instrument; 505, monitoring system; 506, remote data processing module; 601, control workstation; 602, measurement and control software. Specific embodiments

[0063] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0064] In this specification, terms such as "upper", "lower", "side", "bottom", "middle", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationships, are relational terms determined only for the convenience of describing the structural relationships of various components or elements of the present invention, rather than terms used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantial changes in technical content.

[0065] In this specification, terms such as "connected", "joined", "separated", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. They can be directly connected or separated, or indirectly connected or separated through an intermediate medium. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention should be determined according to specific circumstances and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0066] As Figure 1 、 3 As shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6, the present invention designs an anti-scour suction bucket foundation and a sinking - deviation correction - fixation construction system, including: a bucket body 1, a solidified soil filling system 2, a negative pressure penetration system 3, an on-water control system 4, and a data detection system 5.

[0067] As Figure 3 、 4 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the bucket body 1 is a cylindrical shell, closed at the upper end, open at the lower end, and with a thickened edge. Connecting rods 103, an outer solidified soil delivery pipe 202, an inner solidified soil delivery pipe 302, a self-weight pneumatic pipe 104, a vacuum pump pneumatic pipe 105, and support ribs 106 are distributed on the upper barrel wall of the bucket body 1. The material of the bucket body 1 is high-strength steel, and its outer surface is coated with a low-friction and corrosion-resistant coating.

[0068] As Figure 5 、 6 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the solidified soil filling system 2 includes an outer solidified soil filling system and an inner solidified soil filling system.

[0069] As Figure 5 As shown in Figure 7, the outer solidified soil filling system includes an outer solidified soil delivery pump 201, an outer solidified soil delivery pipe 202, an outer solidified soil filling cavity 203, an outer solidified soil filling port 204, a filling port telescopic control mechanical lock 205, an outer solidified soil inner hole 206, and a movable plane 207; the upper end of the outer solidified soil delivery pipe 202 is connected to the outer solidified soil delivery pump 201, the lower end of the outer solidified soil delivery pipe 202 is connected to the movable plane 207 closely inside the outer solidified soil filling cavity 203, and the lower end of the outer solidified soil delivery pipe 202 contains several outer solidified soil inner holes 206.

[0070] In the external solidified soil filling system, the external solidified soil conveying pipe 202 has visual scales. The external solidified soil filling cavity 203 is an independent sector-shaped cavity. Each area and each layer of the external solidified soil filling port 204 shares a set of filling port telescopic control mechanical locks 205. The filling port telescopic control mechanical locks 205 control the telescopic movement, expansion and opening / closing of the external solidified soil filling port 204 through the up and down movement of the external solidified soil conveying pipe 202.

[0071] As Figure 6 shown in the figure, the internal solidified soil filling system includes an internal solidified soil conveying pump 301, an internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302, a stress spring 303, a filling plate 304, an initial fixing device 305, an internal solidified soil pipeline interface 306, and an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel 307. The lower end of the internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302 is connected to the filling plate 304, and the lower part of the filling plate 304 is designed with an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel 307.

[0072] In the internal solidified soil filling system, the internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302 has visual scales. The internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302 is provided with an initial fixing device 305. The initial fixing device 305 is located at the upper end of the barrel cover 101 and controls the initial position of the filling plate 304 to be flush with the bottom of the barrel body 1. The stress spring 303 is located on the outer ring of the internal solidified soil conveying pipe 302.

[0073] As Figure 1 shown in the figure, the negative pressure penetration system 4 includes a hydraulic device 401, a water pump 402, and a locking device 403. The hydraulic device 401, the water pump 402, and the locking device 403 are located above the barrel body 1. The hydraulic device 401 controls the opening and closing of the valves of the self-weight pneumatic pipe 104 and the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe 105. The water pump 402 controls the negative pressure penetration of the barrel body 1. The locking device 403 controls the connection and separation of the negative pressure penetration system 3 and the barrel body 1.

[0074] Among them, the voltage of the negative pressure penetration system 4 is 380 V, the power ≥ 120 kw, and the flow rate of the water pump 402 is 300 - 400 m 3 / h.

[0075] As Figure 1 shown in the figure, the data detection system 5 includes an inclination sensor 501, a depth sensor 502, a pressure sensor 503, a data collector 504, a monitoring system 505, and a remote data processing module 506. The inclination sensor 501 and the pressure sensor 503 are located above the barrel cover 101. The depth sensor 502 is located around the barrel wall 102. The data collector 504 is responsible for collecting data from various sensors and transmitting it to the monitoring system 505. The monitoring system 505 is responsible for real-time data analysis and outputting parameters such as the inclination angle, penetration depth, and pressure distribution. The remote data processing module 506 uploads the detected data to the water control system 6.

[0076] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the water control system 6 includes a control workstation 601 and a measurement and control software 602. The control workstation 601 can send control instructions to the negative pressure penetration system 4, and the control workstation 601 can receive the underwater measurement parameters uploaded by the data detection system 5 in real time. The measurement and control software 602 analyzes the measurement parameters and feeds back the construction operations. Embodiment

[0077] As Figure 2 shown, a construction method for sinking, correcting and fixing an erosion-resistant suction bucket foundation includes the following construction steps:

[0078] S1. Preparation stage: After transporting the construction equipment and solidifying materials to the construction site, conduct geological exploration and determine construction parameters for the construction area;

[0079] (1) Based on the seabed soil quality and the properties of the solidifying materials, design the mixture ratio of the solidified soil slurry, including the water-binder ratio, the proportion of the solidified soil, the types and proportions of additives;

[0080] (2) Based on the seabed soil quality, the frictional resistance of the bucket side wall, the size and shape of the bucket end, and the bearing capacity coefficient, calculate the penetration resistance of the bucket body;

[0081] (3) Based on the size, shape, and seabed soil bearing capacity of the bucket body, calculate the critical suction and allowable suction of the bucket body.

[0082] S2. Sinking and penetration stage: After the construction ship is in place, hoist the suction bucket foundation into the water and sequentially perform operations such as external solidified soil filling, gravity sinking and penetration, external solidified soil filling, and negative pressure penetration;

[0083] (1) Hoisting into the water: Hoist the bucket body to the proposed installation position; the hoisting equipment puts the suction bucket into the water. When it is detected that the bottom end of the bucket body just touches the mud surface, control the hoisting equipment to suspend the descent; adjust the small-range movement of the bucket body until the azimuth angle and coordinates both meet the design requirements;

[0084] (2) External solidified soil filling: Lift the external solidified soil delivery pipe uniformly to the same height. The external solidified soil delivery pipe extrudes the mechanical locking device in the external solidified soil filling cavity. The mechanical locking device controls the external solidified soil filling port closest to the seabed. The external solidified soil filling port extends out of the suction bucket and is in an open state for filling the soil around the bucket; when the solidified soil evenly covers the periphery of the bucket, the external solidified soil delivery pipe continues to be lifted, and the external solidified soil filling port retracts into the suction bucket and closes;

[0085] (3) Gravity sinking and penetration: Open the self-weight pneumatic pipe valve to allow the water in the barrel to drain freely; slowly lower the hoisting equipment, and the barrel penetrates into the seabed by its own weight; the data detection system real-time detects the penetration depth of the barrel, the structural levelness, and the sinking speed; through the hoisting equipment, level the barrel within a small range; when the barrel no longer sinks by gravity, close the self-weight pneumatic pipe valve, and the gravity sinking and penetration ends; let it stand for 15 - 30 min to form a sealed condition;

[0086] (4) Internal solidified soil filling: The solidified soil enters the lower filling plate through the internal solidified soil delivery pipe, open the dispersion channel of the internal solidified soil filling plate, and fill the voids in the soil in the barrel; when the height of the filling plate rises by 0.1 - 0.3 m, stop the internal solidified soil filling;

[0087] (5) Negative pressure penetration: Open the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve, start the water pump, and start the suction penetration operation; during the penetration process, the barrel continues to sink, and the data detection system real-time monitors the levelness of the barrel, the penetration depth, and the internal and external pressure difference.

[0088] During the sinking and penetration stage, the negative pressure penetration rate of the barrel should be controlled at 0.5 - 2.0 m / h.

[0089] S3. Deviation correction stage: Determine the deviation direction and amplitude through the inclination sensor and measuring equipment; design the solidified soil ratio and filling position according to the inclination angle and soil properties; when the inclination angle of the suction bucket is greater than the allowable value, stop the sinking and penetration stage and correct the deviation in time;

[0090] (1) Small-angle deviation correction: During the sinking and penetration process, when the barrel tilts by <5°, by controlling the water pump flow rate, changing the internal and external pressure difference of the barrel, and controlling the penetration speed of the barrel until the barrel completes the horizontal adjustment; for the areas on the tilted side and the opposite side of the barrel tilt, repeat the external solidified soil filling construction in the above S2. Sinking and penetration stage; stop the solidified soil filling around the barrel until the voids between the barrel and the soil are completely filled with the solidified soil;

[0091] (2) Large-angle deviation correction: During the sinking and penetration process, when the barrel tilts by ≥5°, through water pump flow rate control and hoisting equipment straightening until the barrel completes the horizontal adjustment; repeat the internal and external solidified soil filling construction in the above S2. Sinking and penetration stage; stop the solidified soil filling until the voids between the barrel and the soil are completely filled with the solidified soil and the solidified soil forms a slope by gravity around the barrel.

[0092] The water pump flow rate control in the deviation correction stage includes two methods. One is to control the frequency of the water pump motor to change the water pump speed; the other is to control the opening degree of the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve.

[0093] S4. Fixing stage: Repeat S2. Sinking and penetration stage and S3. Deviation correction stage until the barrel sinks to the designed sinking and penetration depth, and then carry out the solidified soil filling and reinforcement around the barrel and inside the barrel;

[0094] (1)Peripheral curing of the bucket: Repeat the external solidified soil filling construction in the S2. Penetration stage above. When the solidified soil flows and slopes automatically outside the bucket and a uniform reinforcement layer is formed around the bucket, stop the filling of the peripheral solidified soil of the bucket;

[0095] (2)Internal curing of the bucket: Lift the internal solidified soil delivery pipe to the maximum position and fill the bucket with solidified soil; When the internal bucket body voids are completely filled with solidified soil, stop the filling of the internal solidified soil of the bucket; After the solidified soil in the bucket is cured and generates a certain strength, cancel the pulling force on the internal solidified soil delivery pipe.

[0096] S5. Monitoring stage: After the suction bucket foundation is installed, conduct inspections and evaluations of the construction effects 14 days and 28 days after curing respectively;

[0097] (1)After the bucket body is installed, use a depth detection device to verify the embedding depth of the bucket body, use an inclination detection system to check the final horizontal state of the bucket body, and comprehensively test the bearing capacity of the bucket body to ensure that it meets the design requirements;

[0098] (2)14 days and 28 days after curing, use an erosion depth detector to measure the erosion depth at different positions around the bucket, and use a soil strength detector to extract solidified soil samples and conduct a quick direct shear test;

[0099] (3)Upload all data to the on-water control system for evaluating the filling effect of the solidified soil; The erosion depth of the soil around the bucket shall not exceed 0.5 m; The cohesion of the solidified soil in the protective layer shall be ≥0.1 MPa 14 days after curing and ≥0.5 MPa 28 days after curing, and the internal friction angle shall be ≥15° 14 days after curing and ≥20° 28 days after curing;

[0100] (4)The areas around the bucket that do not meet the design requirements for erosion depth, cohesion, and internal friction angle are marked as weak areas, and use the external solidified soil filling system to re-fill the weak areas. Repeat the above monitoring steps after construction.

[0101] The fluidity of the solidified soil used in the penetration and deviation correction stages is 200 - 300 mm, the 3-day compressive strength ≥0.4 MPa, and the loss of solidified soil is 10 - 20%; The fluidity of the solidified soil used in the fixing stage is in the range of 100 - 200 mm, the 3-day compressive strength ≥1.0 MPa, and the loss of solidified soil <10%.

[0102] The detailed descriptions of the above series of construction embodiments, devices, and methods should be noted that they are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or several improvements that do not depart from the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for sinking, rectifying and fixing an anti-scour suction bucket foundation, comprising: Barrel body, solidified soil filling system, negative pressure penetration system, water-based control system, data detection system; The barrel body is a cylindrical shell, closed at the upper end, open at the lower end, and the edge is thickened; connecting rods, external solidified soil conveying pipes, internal solidified soil conveying pipes, self-weight pneumatic pipes, vacuum pump pneumatic pipes, and support rib plates are distributed on the barrel wall at the upper end of the barrel body; The solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil filling system and an internal solidified soil filling system; The external solidified soil filling system includes an external solidified soil conveying pump, an external solidified soil conveying pipe, an external solidified soil filling cavity, an external solidified soil filling port, a filling port telescopic control mechanical lock, an external solidified soil inner hole, and a movable plane; the upper end of the external solidified soil conveying pipe is connected to the external solidified soil conveying pump, the lower end of the external solidified soil conveying pipe is connected to the movable plane close to the inside of the external solidified soil filling cavity, and the lower end of the external solidified soil conveying pipe contains several external solidified soil inner holes; the external solidified soil conveying pipe in the external solidified soil filling system has visual scales, the external solidified soil filling cavity is an independent fan-shaped cavity, each area and each layer of the external solidified soil filling port share a set of filling port telescopic control mechanical locks, and the filling port telescopic control mechanical lock controls the telescopic and opening and closing of the external solidified soil filling port through the up and down movement of the external solidified soil conveying pipe; The internal solidified soil filling system includes an internal solidified soil conveying pump, an internal solidified soil conveying pipe, a stress spring, a filling plate, an initial fixing device, an internal solidified soil pipeline interface, and an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; the lower end of the internal solidified soil conveying pipe is connected to the filling plate, and the lower part of the filling plate is designed with an internal solidified soil filling plate dispersion channel; the internal solidified soil conveying pipe in the internal solidified soil filling system has visual scales, the internal solidified soil conveying pipe has an initial fixing device, the initial fixing device is located above the barrel cover and controls the initial position of the filling plate to be flush with the bottom of the barrel body, and the stress spring is located outside the internal solidified soil conveying pipe; The negative pressure penetration system includes a hydraulic device, a water pump, and a locking device; the hydraulic device, the water pump, and the locking device are located above the suction bucket foundation, the hydraulic device controls the opening and closing of the valves of the self-weight pneumatic pipe and the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe, the water pump controls the negative pressure penetration of the barrel body; the locking device controls the connection and separation of the negative pressure penetration system and the barrel body; The data detection system includes an inclination sensor, a depth sensor, a pressure sensor, a data acquisition instrument, a monitoring system, and a remote data processing module; the inclination sensor and the pressure sensor are located above the barrel cover, the depth sensor is located around the barrel wall, the data acquisition instrument is responsible for collecting data from various sensors and transmitting it to the monitoring system, the monitoring system is responsible for real-time data analysis, outputting the inclination angle, penetration depth, and pressure distribution, and the remote data processing module uploads the detection data to the water-based control system; The water-based control system includes a control workstation and measurement and control software; the control workstation issues control instructions to the negative pressure penetration system, the control workstation receives the underwater measurement parameters uploaded by the data detection system in real time, and the measurement and control software analyzes the measurement parameters and gives feedback on the construction operation.

2. The sinking - rectifying - fixing device for an anti - scouring suction bucket foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the suction bucket foundation is high-strength steel, and the outer surface is coated with a low-friction and corrosion-resistant coating.

3. The sinking - deviation correction - fixing device for an anti - scouring suction bucket foundation according to claim 1, wherein, The voltage of the negative pressure penetration system is 380 V, the power is ≥120 kw, and the flow rate of the water pump is 300 - 400 m 3 / h.

4. A construction method for the penetration - correction - fixation of an erosion - resistant suction bucket foundation, characterized in that, Adopt the sinking - deviation correction - fixing device for the scour - resistant suction bucket foundation described in any one of claims 1 - 3, including the following construction steps: S1. Preparation stage: After transporting the construction equipment and solidifying materials to the construction site, conduct geological exploration and determine construction parameters for the construction area; (1) Based on the seabed soil quality and the properties of the solidifying materials, design the mixing ratio of the solidified soil slurry, including the water - binder ratio, the proportion of solidified soil, the types and proportions of additives; (2) Based on the seabed soil quality, the frictional resistance on the barrel sidewall, the size and shape of the barrel end, and the bearing capacity coefficient, calculate the penetration resistance of the barrel; (3) Based on the barrel size, shape, and seabed soil bearing capacity, calculate the critical suction and allowable suction of the barrel; S2. Sinking stage: After the construction ship is in place, hoist the suction bucket foundation into the water, and successively carry out the operations of external solidified soil filling, gravity sinking, external solidified soil filling, and negative - pressure penetration; (1) Hoisting into the water: Hoist the barrel to the intended installation position; the hoisting equipment lowers the suction bucket into the water. When it is detected that the bottom end of the barrel just touches the mud surface, control the hoisting equipment to pause the descent; adjust the small - range movement of the barrel until both the azimuth angle and coordinates meet the design requirements; (2) External solidified soil filling: Lift the external solidified soil delivery pipe uniformly to the same height. The external solidified soil delivery pipe extrudes the mechanical locking device in the external solidified soil filling cavity. The mechanical locking device controls the external solidified soil filling port closest to the seabed surface. The external solidified soil filling port extends out of the suction bucket and is in an open state to fill the soil around the barrel; when the solidified soil evenly covers the periphery of the barrel, the external solidified soil delivery pipe continues to be lifted, and the external solidified soil filling port retracts into the suction bucket and closes; (3) Gravity sinking: Open the self - weight pneumatic pipe valve to allow the water in the barrel to drain freely; the hoisting equipment slowly descends, and the barrel penetrates into the seabed by its own weight; the data detection system continuously detects the penetration depth, structural levelness, and sinking speed of the barrel; through the hoisting equipment, perform a small - range leveling of the barrel; when the barrel no longer sinks by gravity, close the self - weight pneumatic pipe valve, and the gravity sinking ends; Stand still for 15 - 30 min to form a sealed condition; (4) Internal solidified soil filling: The solidified soil enters the lower filling plate through the internal solidified soil delivery pipe, and open the dispersion channel of the internal solidified soil filling plate to fill the voids in the soil inside the barrel; when the height of the filling plate rises by 0.1 - 0.3 m, stop the internal solidified soil filling; (5) Negative - pressure penetration: Open the vacuum pump pneumatic pipe valve, start the water pump, and start the suction penetration operation; during the penetration process, the barrel continues to sink, and the data detection system continuously monitors the levelness, penetration depth, and internal - external pressure difference of the barrel; S3. Deviation correction stage: Determine the inclination direction and amplitude through the inclination sensor and measuring equipment; according to the inclination angle and soil properties, design the solidified soil mixing ratio and filling position; when the inclination angle of the suction bucket is greater than the allowable value, stop the sinking stage and correct the deviation in a timely manner; (1)Small-angle deviation correction: During the sinking and penetration process, when the inclination of the bucket body is less than 5°, by controlling the water pump flow rate, changing the pressure difference inside and outside the bucket, and controlling the penetration speed of the bucket body until the bucket body completes the horizontal adjustment; for the areas on the inclined side and the opposite side of the inclined bucket body, repeat the external solidified soil filling construction in the S2. Sinking and penetration stage above; stop the filling of the solidified soil around the bucket until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the bucket and the soil. (2)Large-angle deviation correction: During the sinking and penetration process, when the inclination of the bucket body is ≥5°, through water pump flow control and hoisting equipment for righting until the bucket body completes the horizontal adjustment; repeat the internal and external solidified soil filling construction in the S2. Sinking and penetration stage above; stop the solidified soil filling until the solidified soil completely fills the gap between the bucket and the soil and forms a slope by self-flow around the bucket. S4. Fixing stage: Repeat the S2. Sinking and penetration stage and the S3. Deviation correction stage until the bucket body sinks to the designed sinking and penetration depth, and then carry out the filling and reinforcement of the solidified soil around the bucket and inside the bucket. (1)Solidification around the bucket: Repeat the external solidified soil filling construction in the S2. Sinking and penetration stage above. Stop the filling of the solidified soil around the bucket when the solidified soil forms a slope by self-flow outside the bucket and a uniform reinforcement layer is formed around the bucket. (2)Solidification inside the bucket: Lift the internal solidified soil delivery pipe to the maximum position and fill the bucket with solidified soil; stop the filling of the solidified soil inside the bucket when the solidified soil completely fills the internal gap of the bucket body; after the solidified soil inside the bucket solidifies and generates a certain strength, cancel the pulling force on the internal solidified soil delivery pipe. S5. Monitoring stage: Conduct the inspection and evaluation of the construction effect respectively after the suction bucket foundation is installed, 14 days and 28 days after solidification. (1)After the bucket body is installed, use a depth detection device to verify the embedding depth of the bucket body, use an inclination detection system to check the final horizontal state of the bucket body, and comprehensively test the bearing capacity of the bucket body to ensure that it meets the design requirements. (2)14 days and 28 days after solidification, use an erosion depth detector to measure the erosion depth at different positions around the bucket, and use a soil strength detector to extract solidified soil samples and conduct a quick direct shear test. (3)Upload all data to the on-water control system for evaluating the filling effect of the solidified soil; the erosion depth of the soil around the bucket shall not exceed 0.5 m; the cohesion of the solidified soil in the protective layer shall be ≥0.1 MPa 14 days after solidification and ≥0.5 MPa 28 days after solidification, and the internal friction angle shall be ≥15° 14 days after solidification and ≥20° 28 days after solidification. (4)The areas around the bucket that do not meet the design requirements for erosion depth, cohesion, and internal friction angle are marked as weak areas, and use the external solidified soil filling system to conduct secondary filling on the weak areas. After construction, repeat the above monitoring steps.

5. A construction method for sinking, rectifying and fixing an anti-scouring suction bucket foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that During the sinking and penetration stage, the negative pressure penetration rate of the bucket body should be controlled at 0.5 - 2.0 m / h.

6. The sinking - rectifying - fixing construction method of an anti - scouring suction bucket foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water pump flow control in the deviation correction stage includes two methods. One is to control the frequency of the water pump motor to change the rotation speed of the water pump; the other is to control the opening degree of the pneumatic pipe valve of the vacuum pump.

7. A construction method for sinking - rectifying - fixing of an anti - scouring suction bucket foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fluidity of the solidified soil used in the sinking and rectification stage is 200 - 300 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥ 0.4 MPa, and the loss of the solidified soil is 10 - 20%; the fluidity of the solidified soil used in the fixing stage is in the range of 100 - 200 mm, the 3-day compressive strength is ≥ 1.0 MPa, and the loss of the solidified soil < 10%.

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