Highly superimposed building block ultra-low energy consumption building

Abstract

The ultra-low energy consumption building comprises an outer wall and a roof, the outer wall is mainly composed of the high-overlapping building blocks, ventilation holes of the high-overlapping building blocks are communicated up and down to form an outer wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel, and filling holes of the high-overlapping building blocks are filled with heat preservation materials; the roof comprises a top plate, a heat preservation layer and a waterproof layer from inside to outside, ventilation and heat insulation blocks are laid on the roof, and a roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between panels of the ventilation and heat insulation blocks and the roof. The outer wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer communicate with each other to form a first ventilation and heat dissipation system from bottom to top. Accordingly, the inventor establishes a corresponding construction method. According to the building, eight heat levels are formed, heat entering the building from the outside is greatly reduced, the ultra-low-energy-consumption building can be achieved with extremely low cost, large-area popularization and implementation of the ultra-low-energy-consumption building are facilitated, and the building has important significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving buildings, and in particular relates to an ultra-low energy consumption building with high-composite building blocks. Background Art

[0002] my country has been carrying out building energy conservation for nearly 20 years. Except for first- and second-tier cities, other regions have not achieved much. Ultra-low energy consumption buildings are a leapfrog development of energy-saving buildings, which is of great significance, but the cost is too high. It is still difficult to implement in first- and second-tier cities, and even more difficult to implement in other regions. Only by developing an ultra-low energy consumption building that is as cheap as or even lower than conventional energy-saving buildings, and can use local materials, is easy to construct, healthy and comfortable, and durable, can it be possible to implement ultra-low energy consumption buildings on a large scale across the country.

[0003] The applicant's prior patents "High-overlapping blocks" (utility patent number 202220378798.3, publication date 20220826) and "High-overlapping block design method" (invention patent number 202210171187.6, publication date 20220429) disclose a high-overlapping block and its design method, which selects a geometric figure monomer, expands it into a quasi-matrix using the "three-turn method", and then evolves it appropriately. Among them, the high-overlapping block does not have straight-through transverse ribs, and its ends are provided with a force-enhancing structure; in the block: the second part and the third part are symmetrical on both sides of the center line; the first symmetrical body and the second symmetrical body are symmetrical on both sides of the left overlapping line; the third symmetrical body and the fourth symmetrical body are symmetrical on both sides of the right overlapping line; the first symmetrical body and the fourth symmetrical body are symmetrical on both sides of the center line; the second symmetrical body and the third symmetrical body are symmetrical on both sides of the center line; the first symmetrical body and the third symmetrical body are equal, and the second symmetrical body and the fourth symmetrical body are equal. The obtained high-overlapping block product can not only improve the mechanical properties of masonry but also solve the problem of wall energy saving, and is easy to industrialize and mass produce. After masonry, the concrete entity is highly overlapped and can greatly broaden the application scope of existing concrete blocks. It can be widely used in various buildings and structures. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The high-laminate block ultra-low energy consumption building comprises an exterior wall and a roof, wherein the exterior wall is mainly composed of high-laminate blocks, the ventilation holes of the high-laminate blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct, and the filling holes of the high-laminate blocks are filled with insulation materials; the roof comprises a top plate, an insulation layer, and a waterproof layer from the inside to the outside, ventilation and heat insulation blocks are laid on the roof, and a roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer (or roof overhead insulation layer) is formed between the panels of the ventilation and heat insulation blocks and the roof; the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system.

[0006] The above-mentioned high-composite block ultra-low energy consumption building also includes exterior wall photovoltaic modules and roof photovoltaic modules; the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and roof photovoltaic modules are respectively installed on the exterior wall and the roof through keels.

[0007] An exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel is formed between the exterior wall photovoltaic components and the exterior wall, a roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the roof photovoltaic components and the roof, and the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system II.

[0008] The ventilation and heat dissipation system 1 and the ventilation and heat dissipation system 2 share an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet is located at a lower part of the building, and the air outlet is located at a higher part of the building. They are both equipped with valves and grilles.

[0009] The exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and / or the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel are provided with partitions.

[0010] A spray system is installed in the ventilation and heat dissipation duct of the exterior wall.

[0011] The spray system is mainly composed of a central controller and the temperature and humidity sensors, spray nozzles and temperature control switches that are connected and controlled by it.

[0012] The construction method of the above-mentioned high-composite building with ultra-low energy consumption is as follows: high-composite building blocks are used to build the exterior walls, so that the ventilation holes of the high-composite building blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct, and the filling holes of the high-composite building blocks are filled with insulation materials; ventilation and heat-insulating blocks are laid on the roof, so that a roof ventilation and heat-dissipating layer (or roof overhead insulation layer) is formed between the panels of the ventilation and heat-insulating blocks and the roof, and the exterior wall ventilation and heat-dissipating duct and the roof ventilation and heat-dissipating layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat-dissipating system.

[0013] In the above construction method, exterior wall photovoltaic modules and roof photovoltaic modules are respectively installed on the exterior wall and roof through the keel, so that an exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation duct is formed between the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and the exterior wall, and a roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the roof photovoltaic modules and the roof. The exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation duct and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system 2, and the ventilation and heat dissipation system 1 and the ventilation and heat dissipation system 2 share the air inlet and the air outlet.

[0014] In the above construction method, the air inlet and outlet are respectively arranged at the lower and higher parts of the building, and valves and grilles are installed; partitions are arranged in the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct and / or the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation duct, and a spray system is arranged in the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct.

[0015] In view of the problems existing in the current ultra-low energy consumption buildings, the inventor combined with the prior patent to design a high-composite block ultra-low energy consumption building, including an exterior wall and a roof. The exterior wall is mainly built with high-composite blocks. The ventilation holes of the high-composite blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel, and the filling holes of the high-composite blocks are filled with insulation materials; the roof includes a top plate, an insulation layer, and a waterproof layer from the inside to the outside. Ventilation and heat insulation blocks are laid on the roof, and a roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the panel of the ventilation and heat insulation blocks and the roof; the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system. The present invention combines the uniquely structured high-composite blocks with ventilation and heat insulation blocks, and then uses appropriate technical means to make the exterior walls and roofs of the building have both insulation and ventilation and heat dissipation functions. The building cooperates as a whole and promotes each other in terms of heat dissipation and insulation, making the building highly energy-efficient and ultra-low energy consumption. Based on this, the inventor established a corresponding construction method. The application of the present invention can realize ultra-low energy consumption buildings at a very low cost, which is conducive to the large-scale promotion and implementation of ultra-low energy consumption buildings and is of great significance.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding features:

[0017] 1. Taking advantage of the unique structure of high-laminated blocks and the lack of internal thermal bridges, the thermal insulation materials are then filled in after masonry, so that there is no thermal bridge in the rest of the exterior wall except for beams, slabs and columns;

[0018] 2. The high-laminated building blocks A and the roof ventilation and heat-insulating blocks cooperate with each other to construct the exterior wall ventilation and heat-dissipating channels and the roof ventilation and heat-dissipating layers. The chimney effect is used to discharge part of the heat entering the exterior wall and the roof;

[0019] 3. Set the air inlet at a low and low temperature location, and the air outlet at a high elevation section. A heat-absorbing material layer can also be set on the periphery of the elevation section to increase the temperature and pressure difference between the air outlet and the air inlet, thereby strengthening the chimney effect.

[0020] 4. A spray system can be installed at the junction of the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts of adjacent floors, and at the junction of the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts of the top floor and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer. Part of the heat entering the external wall is absorbed by the water mist and discharged from the air outlet;

[0021] 5. Install photovoltaic modules on the exterior walls and roofs to generate electricity using solar energy to obtain cheap and clean energy;

[0022] 6. The photovoltaic modules form the exterior photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer, which are connected and connected, and share the air inlet and outlet with the exterior photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer. Through the chimney effect, part of the heat entering the exterior photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer from the outside is discharged, while reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic modules and improving the power generation efficiency;

[0023] 7. External wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels and external wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channels can be provided with partitions. When the building needs insulation and heating, the partitions are closed, and the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels and external wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channels become additional insulation layers of the building, which increases the insulation effect to a certain extent;

[0024] 8. High-composite building blocks B can be used for interior walls of buildings, and their holes can be filled with thermal insulation materials to improve the thermal performance of the interior walls and the performance of the blocks.

[0025] In summary, eight heat checkpoints are formed, which greatly reduce the heat entering the building from the outside: 1. Photovoltaic conversion of solar energy by photovoltaic modules; 2. Light reflection from the surface of photovoltaic modules; 3. Thermal radiation from the surface of photovoltaic modules; 4. Thermal convection from the surface of photovoltaic modules; 5. Heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation ducts and photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layers; 6. Heat dissipation effect of wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts and roof ventilation and heat dissipation layers; 7. Water mist heat absorption; 8. Thermal insulation of wall insulation layer and roof insulation layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the high-composite building block A.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the high-composite building block A.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of a half brick (block a) of the high-composite building block A.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the high-composite building block B.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the high-composite building block B.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of a half brick (block b) of the high-composite building block B.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a one-dimensional ventilation and heat-insulating block (block C).

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a half brick (block c) of a one-dimensional ventilation and insulation block.

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the two-dimensional ventilation and heat-insulating block (block D).

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a half brick (block d1) of a two-dimensional ventilation and heat-insulating block.

[0036] Fig.11It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the two-dimensional ventilation and insulation block edge block (block d2).

[0037] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a half-brick (block d3) of the edge block of a two-dimensional ventilation and heat-insulating block.

[0038] Fig.13 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an implementation mode of the ultra-low energy consumption building of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.14 for Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at point A in the middle.

[0040] Fig.15 for Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the BB section.

[0041] Fig.16 for Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the CC section structure of the middle exterior wall, in the figure: a is the CC section of the exterior wall without columns, b is the CC section of the exterior wall with columns.

[0042] Fig.17 for Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the DD section structure.

[0043] Fig.18 for Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the left view of the EE section.

[0044] Fig.19 This is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another embodiment of the ultra-low energy consumption building of the present invention.

[0045] Fig. 20 for Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at F in the middle.

[0046] Fig.21 for Fig. 20 Left view of the GG section

[0047] Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of the control principle of partition A.

[0048] Fig.23 Schematic diagram of the principle of the interlayer connection plate.

[0049] Fig.24 Schematic diagram of the exterior wall structure with door / window openings.

[0050] Fig.25 Schematic diagram of the control principle of partition B.

[0051] In the figure: 1 high-laminated block A; 1.01 block a; 1.02 inner part; 1.03 outer part; 1.04 block A or thermal insulation material in block a; 2 high-laminated block B; 2.01 block b; 2.02 block B or thermal insulation material in block b; 3 one-dimensional ventilation and thermal insulation block; 3.01 block c; 4 two-dimensional ventilation and thermal insulation block; 4.01 block d1; 4.02 two-dimensional ventilation and thermal insulation block edge block; 4.03 block d3; 5 interlayer connecting plate; 5.01 fixed part; 5.02 movable part; 5.03 partition A storage groove; 5.04 lower embedded opening; 5.05 upper embedded opening; 5.06 lifting crank handle socket; 6 cornice connector; 7 external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel; 7.01 partition A; 8 basement bottom floor; 9 air inlet; 10 baffle; 11 floor slab; 12 top plate; 13 roof insulation layer; 14 roof waterproof layer; 15 lifting section; 16 air outlet; 17 airflow direction arrow; 18 exterior wall keel; 19 photovoltaic module; 19.01 photovoltaic module connecting plate; 20 cushion block; 21 roof keel; 22 temperature and humidity sensor; 23 water pipe; 24 temperature control switch; 24.01 spray nozzle; 25 sealing material; 26 photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation duct; 26.01 partition B; 27 roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer; 28 photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer; 29 lower section of the main ventilation duct; 30 upper section of the main ventilation duct; 31 beam; 32 worm; 33 worm wheel; 34 gear; 35 transmission chain; 36 mother transmission shaft; 36.01 sub transmission shaft; 37 masonry mortar; 38 column; 39 anti-rust anchor; 40 anti-rust tie piece; 41 door / window opening; 41.01 door / window frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] 1. Basic structure

[0053] like Figures 1 to 25 As shown, the high-laminated block ultra-low energy consumption building of the present invention includes an exterior wall and a roof. The exterior wall is mainly built with high-laminated blocks. The ventilation holes of the high-laminated blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel. The filling holes of the high-laminated blocks are filled with insulation materials. The roof includes a top plate, an insulation layer, and a waterproof layer from the inside to the outside. Ventilation and heat insulation blocks are laid on the roof. A roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer 27 (or a roof overhead insulation layer) is formed between the panel of the ventilation and heat insulation blocks and the roof. The exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system. The exterior wall has both insulation function and ventilation and heat dissipation function. Its insulation function is obtained by filling the filling holes of the high-laminated blocks with insulation materials. The ventilation and heat dissipation function of the exterior wall is obtained by the wall ventilation channel with the help of the chimney effect. The roof also has both insulation function and ventilation and heat dissipation function. Its insulation function is obtained by laying the roof insulation layer. The ventilation and heat dissipation function of the roof is obtained by the overhead layer with the help of the chimney effect.

[0054] The above-mentioned high-composite block ultra-low energy consumption building may also include exterior wall photovoltaic modules and roof photovoltaic modules; the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and roof photovoltaic modules are respectively installed on the exterior wall and roof through keels. An exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel is formed between the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and the exterior wall, and a roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the roof photovoltaic modules and the roof. The exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system II.

[0055] Ventilation and cooling system 1 and ventilation and cooling system 2 share the air inlet and outlet. The air inlet is located at the lower part of the building and the air outlet is located at the higher part of the building. They are both equipped with valves and grilles. The external wall ventilation and cooling duct and / or the external wall photovoltaic ventilation and cooling duct are equipped with partitions. The external wall ventilation and cooling duct is equipped with a spray system, which is mainly composed of a central controller and the temperature and humidity sensors, spray nozzles, and temperature control switches connected and controlled by it.

[0056] 2. Construction Method

[0057] like Figures 1 to 25 As shown, the construction method of the above-mentioned high-composite building with ultra-low energy consumption is to use high-composite blocks to build the exterior wall, so that the ventilation holes of the high-composite blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct, and the filling holes of the high-composite blocks are filled with insulation materials; ventilation and heat-insulating blocks are laid on the roof, so that a roof ventilation and heat-dissipating layer (or roof overhead insulation layer) is formed between the panels of the ventilation and heat-insulating blocks and the roof, and the exterior wall ventilation and heat-dissipating duct and the roof ventilation and heat-dissipating layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat-dissipating system.

[0058] The exterior wall photovoltaic modules and the roof photovoltaic modules are respectively installed on the exterior wall and the roof through the keel, so that an exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel is formed between the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and the exterior wall, and a roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer 28 is formed between the roof photovoltaic modules and the roof. The exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system 2, and the ventilation and heat dissipation system 1 and the ventilation and heat dissipation system 2 share an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet and the air inlet are respectively set at the lower and higher parts of the building, and valves and grilles are installed; partitions are set in the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and / or the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel, and a spray system is set in the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel.

[0059] 3. Specific Examples

[0060] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the high-composite building blocks used in the present invention mainly include high-composite building blocks A1 and high-composite building blocks B (2), both of which are covered by the applicant's prior utility model patent "high-composite building blocks". Although high-composite building blocks A do not appear in the patent drawings, refer to the patent Fig.14 And claim 9 can be obtained; high composite building block B2 corresponds to the patent Figure 1Its special structure ensures that its wall has good thermal performance after being filled with insulation materials. Figure 1 to Figure 2 It is a high composite building block A (hereinafter referred to as building block A), Figure 3 It is a half brick of block A (block a). The high-overlapping block A (including block a) has filling holes and ventilation holes. Block A and block a are used for the exterior walls of ultra-low energy consumption buildings. Figures 4 to 5 It is a high composite building block B (hereinafter referred to as building block B), Figure 6 It is a half brick (block b) of block B. The high-laminated block B (including block b) has filling holes but no ventilation holes. Block B and block b are auxiliary blocks for the exterior wall of ultra-low energy consumption buildings (such as when a spray device is set). Block A and block a are integrally formed during production and cannot be separated, but for the convenience of description, block A and block a are divided into "inner part" 1.02 and "outer part" 1.03. The "inner part" is on the inner side of the exterior wall during masonry, and the holes inside it are filling holes for filling with thermal insulation materials; the "outer part" is on the outer side of the exterior wall during masonry, and after masonry, the cavity of the "outer part" is aligned and connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel 7. The filling holes of the high-laminated blocks of adjacent skins are aligned and connected to each other and filled with thermal insulation materials. The ventilation holes of the high-laminated blocks of adjacent skins of the current floor are connected to each other to form the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel of the floor. The exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels of all floors on the same exterior facade of the building are connected and connected through the interlayer connection plate 5.

[0061] In addition, blocks B and blocks b can also be used for the inner wall masonry of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, and the filling holes are filled with insulation materials. Not all rooms in the building need cooling or heating at the same time. At this time, the better the thermal performance of the building's inner wall, the less energy consumption is required for the room that needs cooling or heating, and the better the energy saving effect of the entire building. The reason for not doing this is that this will greatly increase the cost of the building. However, the application of high-overlapping blocks can solve this problem at a low cost. For example, the cavity of block B in the inner wall is filled with slightly processed agricultural and forestry waste or a mixture of these wastes and foamed concrete, which is convenient for construction, low in price, and has good thermal performance; at the same time, it also increases the sound insulation performance of the building; and another important feature of high-overlapping blocks-high overlap, that is, the concrete solid materials of the upper and lower skin blocks in the wall are almost all overlapped, which greatly enhances the various mechanical properties of the wall, which is very beneficial to the safety and durability of the building. Therefore, in the present and future when building energy conservation, structural safety and building comfort are increasingly valued, it will be a wise choice to use the high-composite building block B for the inner wall of the building of this application and make full use of its thermal insulation performance, sound insulation performance and mechanical properties.

[0062] Figures 7 to 12 The blocks shown in the figure are traditional building components, which are mainly used to construct the roof heat dissipation and ventilation layer of the present invention. Figure 7 It is a one-dimensional ventilation and heat insulation block 3 (block C), Figure 8is a half brick of block C (block c 3.01), Fig. 9 It is a two-dimensional ventilation and heat insulation block 4 (block D), Fig.10 is half a brick of block D (block d1 4.01), Fig.11 It is a two-dimensional ventilation and insulation block edge block (block d2) 4.02, Fig.12 It is half brick of block d2 (block d3) 4.03. The ventilation and heat insulation block consists of a panel and a foot. The foot is on the dark side of the panel. The dark side is the opposite side of the sunny side of the panel. The sunny side is the side facing the sky after laying. The ventilation and heat insulation block is laid on the roof with the foot facing downward, and an overhead layer is formed between the panel of the ventilation and heat insulation block and the roof.

[0063] The constituent materials of block A, block a, block B, block b, block C, block c, block D, block d1, block d2 and block d3 may be fine stone concrete, stone chip concrete, industrial waste slag concrete, ceramsite concrete, polymer concrete, sintered clay, sintered shale, natural stone, artificial stone, foam metal, etc. In actual production and use, block A [including block a] is required to have high strength (should be no less than MU5.0, preferably MU7.5 or above), as well as appropriate wall and rib thickness to ensure that the "external part" will not cause safety problems due to hanging in the air; and block A [including block a] and block B [including block b] are required to have high density and good waterproof performance, and the thermal performance of the external wall insulation material will not be affected by the spray system set in the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel.

[0064] Figures 13 to 18 It is one of the embodiments of the ultra-low energy consumption building of the present invention. The outer wall of the building is built with high-overlapping blocks, specifically, blocks A [including blocks a] and blocks B [including blocks b]. The building is built with masonry mortar 37, and the upper and lower skins are staggered by half a block, so auxiliary blocks, commonly known as "half bricks", namely blocks a and blocks b, are used. Due to the characteristics of high-overlapping blocks, the wall and ribs of the upper and lower skin blocks in the wall can be completely aligned according to the masonry method of staggering the upper and lower skins by half a block, and all their holes can be aligned and connected up and down. The holes in the "inner part" of the block A [including block a] in the wall are filled with thermal insulation materials, and the holes in the block B [including block b] are filled with thermal insulation materials, so the outer wall has a thermal insulation function. The holes of the "outer part" of each skin of the block A [including block a] on the same floor and the same facade in the wall are aligned and connected up and down, forming a plurality of external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels that are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground.

[0065] There are two ways to fill the insulation material in the exterior wall: one is pre-filling, that is, the insulation material in the block is pre-filled in the factory; the other is post-filling, that is, the insulation material in the block is filled after the masonry is laid. There are two cases of post-filling: post-filling of load-bearing walls and post-filling of frame walls. For post-filling of load-bearing walls, when the blocks of a certain floor are laid, before the floor slabs and beams (if any) above are cast in place or installed, the holes of the "inner part" of the block A [including block a] and the holes of the block B [including block b] in the exterior wall of the floor are filled with insulation materials; the filling can be done in sections within the height of the floor. For backfilling of frame walls, when laying the blocks of a certain floor, leave a layer of space at the bottom of the frame beam, then fill the holes of the "inner part" of block A [including block a] of this floor with thermal insulation materials, and then lay a layer of blocks under the frame beam. Regardless of whether this layer of blocks is block A [including block a] or block B [including block b], it is pre-filled with thermal insulation materials; the filling can be done in sections within the height of this floor. The post-filling wall construction method is different from the conventional method: the horizontal masonry mortar layer is only laid on the entity of the block, which is equivalent to the extension of the wall and rib of the block in the height direction, and is not connected into pieces. Such horizontal masonry mortar does not become a horizontal thermal bridge due to the special structure of the high-overlapping block. Combined with the characteristics of the high-overlapping block itself without a direct thermal bridge and the holes can be completely aligned, while ensuring the same thermal performance of the wall, the filling method of the insulation material can be diversified and the filling efficiency can be improved and the cost can be reduced. What is more important is that it effectively expands the selection range of insulation materials, so that forestry and agricultural waste can become good building insulation materials after simple treatment (suitable curing materials such as foam concrete, foam gypsum, foam raw soil, etc., as well as necessary additives can be added), which will greatly reduce the energy-saving cost of buildings, reduce carbon emissions, increase the natural elements of buildings, make living healthier and more comfortable, people are happy to accept, and facilitate the large-scale promotion of ultra-low energy consumption buildings.

[0066] like Figures 13 to 18As shown, the roof of the building is provided with a roof insulation layer 13 on the top plate, and a roof waterproof layer 14 is provided on the roof insulation layer (the insulation layer and the waterproof layer are in accordance with the current regulatory requirements and building energy-saving requirements), the edge of the roof insulation layer is sealed with a sealing material 25 to prevent moisture, and two-dimensional ventilation insulation blocks (blocks D) [which may include blocks d1, d2, and d3] are laid on the roof waterproof layer to form a roof overhead insulation layer. When all four facades of a building have exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts, the roof overhead insulation layer is paved with blocks D [possibly including auxiliary blocks d1, blocks d2, and blocks d3], so that the airflow in the roof overhead insulation layer can flow in two dimensions, the X direction and the Y direction; when only two opposite exterior facades of a building are provided with exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts, the roof overhead insulation layer can be paved with blocks D [possibly including auxiliary blocks d1, d2, and d3], or it can be paved with one-dimensional ventilation and heat insulation blocks (blocks C) [possibly including auxiliary blocks c]. If it is paved with one-dimensional ventilation and heat insulation blocks (blocks C) [possibly including auxiliary blocks c], the airflow in the roof overhead insulation layer can only flow along the direction of the arched grooves of blocks C or blocks c.

[0067] like Fig.13 As shown, the eaves connector 6 can be used to connect the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct and the roof overhead insulation layer. For buildings where not all facades are provided with external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts, the edges of the roof overhead insulation layer corresponding to the facades without external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts should preferably use ventilation and heat insulation blocks with edge blocking functions, such as one-dimensional ventilation and heat insulation blocks (block C), or half bricks of block C (block c), or two-dimensional ventilation and heat insulation block edge blocks (block d2), or half bricks of block d2 (block d3), or other blocking measures. The external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts of adjacent floors can be connected and connected through interlayer connection plates.

[0068] like Fig.13 As shown, at the basement floor 8 at a low position, the baffle 10 and the building enclosure can form the lower section 29 of the total ventilation duct, and an air inlet 9 is set at the lower end of the lower section of the total ventilation duct; a raised section 15 is set on the roof, and the raised section is at the upper end of the upper section 30 of the total ventilation duct, and an air outlet 16 is set at the top of the raised section. The air inlet, the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct, the roof overhead insulation layer, and the air outlet are connected in sequence to form a channel from bottom to top, thereby generating a chimney effect. The air flow flows according to the air flow direction arrow 17, taking away part of the heat entering the external wall and roof of the building from the outside. At this time, the roof overhead insulation layer becomes the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer. In actual applications, valves and grilles are provided at the air inlet and outlet; the valve plays the role of opening and closing the air inlet and outlet, and the grille plays the role of safety and preventing animals such as snakes and rats and other foreign objects that may affect the ventilation and heat dissipation function from entering. In addition, wind turbines can be installed at the air outlets. Depending on the environmental conditions of the building and the economic benefits of technological advancement, it is possible to reasonably install micro or small wind turbines on the roof in addition to the air outlets.

[0069] To enhance Fig.13 For the chimney effect in the example, the following three ways can be considered: first, increase the temperature difference and pressure difference of the air flow between the air outlet and the air inlet, and set the air inlet at the lowest temperature and / or the lowest position of the building or its surroundings, including but not limited to the bottom floor of the basement, the constant temperature layer of the ground surface, etc., and set the air outlet at the highest point of the building, that is, the top of the roof elevation section, and a heat-absorbing material layer is set on the periphery of the roof elevation section to absorb solar energy and increase the air temperature in the roof elevation section, thereby enhancing the chimney effect and further enhancing the heat dissipation effect; second, set a blowing device at the air inlet and / or the air outlet; third, enlarge the holes in the outer part of the block A [including the block a], and at the same time raise the feet of the ventilation and heat-insulating blocks used for building the ventilation and heat-dissipating layer of the roof.

[0070] like Figure 13 to Figure 14 As shown, in order to enhance the energy-saving effect of the building in hot seasons, a spray system can also be set up on the building's exterior wall. For ease of disassembly and maintenance, a spray system is set up on the exterior wall surface covered by the interlayer connection plate, and a spray system is set up on the exterior wall surface covered by the eaves connector; the spray system on each floor of each facade is a sub-spray system, and each sub-spray system is independent of each other; a sub-spray system includes multiple temperature and humidity sensors 22, a temperature control switch 24, and multiple spray nozzles; each sub-spray system is connected to the water supply system through a water pipe 23, and multiple sub-spray systems of the building are connected to the central controller; multiple temperature and humidity sensors of each sub-spray system obtain temperature data of the location in real time, and transmit the data to the central controller in the form of appropriate signals (such as electrical signals, etc.); the central controller can be an embedded system based on a microprocessor, with powerful data processing capabilities, and can quickly calculate the real-time temperature average of multiple temperature and humidity sensors of each sub-spray system. The central controller stores a preset temperature threshold internally, and can set a user interface to facilitate adjustment of parameters such as the temperature threshold. When the real-time average temperature of the sub-spray system reaches or exceeds the temperature threshold, the central controller sends an opening signal to the temperature control switch of the sub-spray system, connects the water supply circuit of the spray nozzle, and starts spraying; when the real-time average temperature of the sub-spray system is lower than the temperature threshold, the central controller sends a closing signal to the temperature control switch of the sub-spray system, cuts off the water supply circuit of the spray nozzle, and stops spraying; the interlayer connecting plates and eaves connectors are easy to install, disassemble and repair. Generally, each sub-spray system is not set deep inside each exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel, but is set at the junction of adjacent floors, that is, the side of the floor slab 11. Because the thickness of the floor slab is small, it is not convenient to set the sub-spray system, which needs to be considered when the exterior wall is built, so the layer of blocks under the floor slab can use blocks B [including blocks b] instead of blocks A [including blocks a].

[0071] The spray system uses water mist to absorb heat, and combined with the efficient heat dissipation of the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer, most of the heat entering the walls and roof from the outside is dissipated into thin air, and very little heat can enter the room through the insulation layer with good thermal performance.

[0072] like Figures 19 to 21 It is another embodiment of the ultra-low energy consumption building of the present invention. There is a beam 31 at the junction of adjacent floors of the building. The beam and the floor slab are cast in an integrated manner. Each sub-spray system is set on the outer side of the beam on the floor where it is located. The height of the outer side of the beam is sufficient to set the sub-spray system. Therefore, the layer of blocks immediately below the beam uses blocks A [including blocks a]. When the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct is not equipped with a spray system, blocks C [including blocks c] or blocks D [including blocks d1, blocks d2, and blocks d3] can be used to replace the interlayer connection plate to connect the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts of the upper and lower floors.

[0073] like Fig.16 As shown, when there are no columns in the exterior wall, the exterior wall does not need to use Figures 7 to 12 When the outer wall has columns 38, the outer side of the columns of the outer wall can be Figures 7 to 12 The ventilation and heat-insulating blocks are laid to form the ventilation and heat-dissipating duct of the exterior wall, preferably one-dimensional ventilation and heat-insulating blocks (i.e., blocks C [including blocks C]); at this time, antirust anchors 39 are required to anchor blocks C [including blocks C] to the columns, and antirust tie pieces 40 are used to tie blocks C [including blocks C] to adjacent blocks A. If the number of blocks C [including blocks C] in the horizontal direction is more than one, the blocks C [including blocks C] in the horizontal direction are also tied to each other with antirust tie pieces 40.

[0074] When a spray system is installed on the exterior wall of a building and there are columns on the exterior wall, a sub-spray system should be installed on the outside of the intersection between the column and the beam or the floor slab, and on the outside of the intersection between the column and the top slab 12. At the same time, the outside of the intersection between the column and the beam or the floor slab is covered with an interlayer connecting plate so that the upper and lower exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels can be connected, and the outside of the intersection between the column and the top slab is covered with an eaves connector so that the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels there can be connected with the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer. In this way, the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels can pass through the outside of the beams, floor slabs, and columns, and sub-spray systems can be installed at appropriate locations to solve the thermal bridge problem of beams, slabs, and columns in a clever, efficient, and economical way.

[0075] In order to meet the energy-saving needs of different seasons, partitions A7.01 can be installed in the area covered by the interlayer connecting plates of each floor to open and close the ventilation and heat dissipation ducts of the exterior wall. Fig. 22A form of partition A is shown, and its control principle is that partition A is installed on the main transmission shaft and each sub-transmission shaft. The rotation of the worm 32 drives the worm wheel 33, the main transmission shaft 36 and the gear 34 to rotate. The rotation of the gear drives the transmission chain 35 to move. The movement of the transmission chain drives the lower-level sub-transmission shaft 36.01 to rotate, thereby realizing the linkage of all partitions A on the same facade, so that the opening or closing of the partition A can be controlled as needed; here, the "lower" of "lower level" refers to the order of motion transmission rather than the relative position. When the building needs to dissipate heat, the air inlet valve, the air outlet valve, and the partition A on each floor are all in the open state. Under the chimney effect, the ventilation and heat dissipation functions of the exterior wall and the roof are brought into play, dissipating part of the heat entering the wall and roof from the outside, reducing the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building's exterior wall insulation layer and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the roof insulation layer, reducing the heat entering the building, and reducing the air conditioning energy consumption; when the building needs insulation, the air inlet valve, the air outlet valve, and the partition A on each floor are all in the closed state, effectively blocking the air flow in the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer, and the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel is transformed into an additional insulation layer of the exterior wall, and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer is transformed into an additional insulation layer of the roof, so that the exterior wall and roof achieve better insulation effects. Therefore, no matter what state the building is in, it can save energy and reduce consumption efficiently.

[0076] Fig.23 A form of interlayer connection plate is shown, which is composed of a fixed part 5.01, a movable part 5.02, a partition A storage groove 5.03, a lower embedded opening 5.04, an upper embedded opening 5.05, and a lifting crank handle socket 5.06. During installation, the crank is inserted into the lifting crank handle socket, and the distance between the fixed part and the movable part is adjusted, so that the lower embedded opening and the upper embedded opening are respectively nested on the outer wall plate of the outer part of the lower layer block A [including block a] to be connected and under the outer wall plate of the outer part of the upper layer block A [including block a], and then the crank is rotated to make the fixed part and the movable part move away from each other so as to be pressed against the block A [including block a] and realize self-locking, and the interlayer connection plate is installed. The outer side of the installed interlayer connection plate is flush with the outer wall plate of the connected block A [including block a], and multiple interlayer connection plates at the same height are closely arranged, and the interlayer connection plates are sealed, and the interlayer connection plates and the block A [including block a] are sealed. When the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel needs to be opened, the partition A is in the partition A storage groove of the interlayer connection plate, which does not affect the smooth flow of airflow; when the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel needs to be closed, the partition A rotates 90 degrees. O Cover the openings of the ventilation and heat dissipation ducts on the exterior wall to block the connectivity of the ventilation and heat dissipation ducts on the exterior wall.

[0077] like Fig.24As shown, when there are door / window openings on the exterior wall of the building, the blocks on the left and right sides of the door / window frame are blocks A (1) [including blocks a], and the whole skin of blocks at the upper end and the whole skin of blocks at the lower end of the door / window frame are blocks B (2) [including blocks b]. The exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct blocked at these two layers of blocks is connected in parallel through the interlayer connecting plate and connected to the upper and lower exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts.

[0078] like Figures 13 to 15 As shown, in order to make full use of solar energy and improve energy-saving effects, the present invention also uses building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology, that is, solar photovoltaic modules 19 are installed on the exterior walls and roofs of buildings. Among them, the exterior wall photovoltaic modules are installed on the exterior wall keels 18, which are equidistant, perpendicular to the ground, and installed close to the exterior wall surface, and are firmly connected to the main structure of the building; the roof photovoltaic modules are installed on the roof keels 21, and the roof keels are installed on the pads 20 with a suitable height. The pads are installed on the ventilation and heat insulation blocks laid on the roof and are firmly connected to the main structure of the building. The presence of the pads allows the airflow to flow in a direction perpendicular to the keels. The roof keels are equidistant, parallel to each other, and are in a plane parallel to the roof, preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the building, and are firmly connected to the pads. To facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the spray system, the photovoltaic modules are not installed in the area facing the interlayer connection plate and the eaves connector, but are replaced by photovoltaic module connection plates 19.01; the photovoltaic module connection plates are firmly connected to the exterior wall keels, are easy to install and disassemble, are durable, and are coordinated with the appearance of the photovoltaic modules without affecting the appearance. To facilitate the inspection and daily maintenance of the roof photovoltaic modules, maintenance channels can be reasonably set on the roof as needed.

[0079] The space enclosed by the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and the photovoltaic module connection plates, the wall, and the exterior wall keels on both sides forms an exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel 26; a partition B 26.01 can be provided in the photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel to open or block the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel; the interlayer between the roof photovoltaic modules and the ventilation and heat insulation blocks forms the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer. The exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are connected and connected by the photovoltaic module connection plates; the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel share an air inlet, the top end of the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer is connected to the roof elevation section, and shares an air outlet with the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer. With the help of the chimney effect, the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer both have ventilation and heat dissipation functions.

[0080] Due to the photoelectric conversion of photovoltaic modules and the light reflection, thermal radiation and thermal convection on their surfaces, the heat that can pass through the photovoltaic modules only accounts for a very small proportion of the incident light energy, and this small proportion of heat is dissipated by the photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channels and the photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer. At this time, the heat that can enter the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer is already very small. With the heat dissipation effect of the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer and the water mist heat absorption effect of the spray system in the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels, and thanks to the good thermal performance of the wall insulation layer and the roof insulation layer, the heat that can enter the room is already very small. At the same time, due to reasonable design, the external wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channels and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer have good heat dissipation function with the help of efficient chimney effect, which effectively reduces the temperature of photovoltaic modules and improves the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules; the electricity generated by photovoltaic modules can be used for buildings, charging electric vehicles and / or connected to the power grid, or stored for backup through energy storage devices.

[0081] If there is a door / window opening 41 on the exterior wall, the door / window opening is surrounded by one or more of high-laminated building blocks A (including building block a), high-laminated building blocks B (including building block b), beams, columns, floor slabs, exterior wall keels, and interlayer connecting plates; the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel blocked by the door / window opening is connected in parallel with multiple (preferably all) exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channels on the exterior facade through interlayer connecting plates or appropriate connection measures, and is connected up and down; the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel blocked by the door / window opening is connected in parallel with multiple (preferably all) exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channels on the exterior facade through photovoltaic module connecting plates or other appropriate connection measures, and is connected up and down.

[0082] Fig.25 A form of partition B is shown, and its control principle is: the main transmission shaft and the sub-transmission shaft pass through the external wall keel, and the partition B is installed on the main transmission shaft and the sub-transmission shaft. The rotation of the worm drives the worm wheel, the main transmission shaft and the gear to rotate. The rotation of the gear drives the transmission chain to move. The movement of the transmission chain drives the lower-level sub-transmission shaft to rotate, thereby realizing the linkage of all partitions B on the same facade, so that the opening or closing of the partition B can be controlled as needed; here, the "lower" of "lower level" refers to the order of motion transmission rather than the relative position.

Claims

1. A high-composite block ultra-low energy consumption building, including an exterior wall and a roof, characterized in that: The exterior wall is mainly composed of high-overlapping blocks, the ventilation holes of the high-overlapping blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel, and the filling holes of the high-overlapping blocks are filled with insulation materials; the roof includes a top plate, an insulation layer, and a waterproof layer from the inside to the outside, and ventilation and heat insulation blocks are laid on the roof, and a roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the panels of the ventilation and heat insulation blocks and the roof; the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system.

2. The ultra-low energy consumption building of high-composite building blocks according to claim 1 is characterized in that It also includes exterior wall photovoltaic components and roof photovoltaic components; the exterior wall photovoltaic components and roof photovoltaic components are respectively installed on the exterior wall and the roof through keels.

3. The high-composite building block ultra-low energy consumption building according to claim 2 is characterized in that: An exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel is formed between the exterior wall photovoltaic components and the exterior wall, a roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the roof photovoltaic components and the roof, and the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system II.

4. The ultra-low energy consumption building with high-composite blocks according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ventilation and heat dissipation system 1 and the ventilation and heat dissipation system 2 share an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is located at a lower part of the building, and the air outlet is located at a higher part of the building, and they are both provided with valves and grilles.

5. The ultra-low energy consumption building with high-composite blocks according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel and / or the exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation channel are provided with partitions.

6. The ultra-low energy consumption building with high-composite blocks according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A spray system is arranged in the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation channel.

7. The ultra-low energy consumption building with high-composite blocks according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The spray system is mainly composed of a central controller and a temperature and humidity sensor, a spray nozzle, and a temperature control switch connected and controlled by the central controller.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: High-overlapping blocks are used to build the exterior walls, so that the ventilation holes of the high-overlapping blocks are connected up and down to form an exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct, and the filling holes of the high-overlapping blocks are filled with insulation materials; ventilation and heat-insulating blocks are laid on the roof to form a roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer between the panels of the ventilation and heat-insulating blocks and the roof, and the exterior wall ventilation and heat dissipation duct and the roof ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Exterior wall photovoltaic modules and roof photovoltaic modules are respectively installed on the exterior wall and roof through the keel, so that an exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation duct is formed between the exterior wall photovoltaic modules and the exterior wall, and a roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer is formed between the roof photovoltaic modules and the roof. The exterior wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation duct and the roof photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation layer are interconnected to form a bottom-up ventilation and heat dissipation system II, and the ventilation and heat dissipation system I and the ventilation and heat dissipation system II share the air inlet and outlet.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The air inlet and outlet are set at the bottom of the building. and high places, and install valves and grilles; set partitions on the external wall ventilation and heat dissipation ducts and / or the external wall photovoltaic ventilation and heat dissipation ducts, A spray system is installed in the ventilation and heat dissipation duct of the exterior wall.

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