A wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system and method, the system includes: acoustic base station, for gathering and transmitting acoustic data;Weather base station, for gathering and transmitting weather data;Master control base station, for gathering and transmitting the master control parameter of wind turbine;Central base station, for receiving acoustic data, weather data and master control parameter, and according to received acoustic data, weather data and master control parameter multidimensional and multi-angle fusion processing, obtain the acoustic propagation characteristic of different unit operating state and different weather environment when wind turbine different directivity;The application measures wind turbine acoustic propagation characteristic from multiple acoustic parameters and multiple directivity angles, considers the influence of unit operation, weather and other factors on acoustic characteristic, and considers the influence of yaw on directivity angle, optimizes data transmission mode, reduces the precision influence caused by artificial operation, gives noise reduction reference basis from wind turbine control strategy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wind turbine noise directivity propagation testing, in particular to a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation testing system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of large megawatt single machine capacity and super long blade of wind turbine, the noise generated by the operation of wind turbine also increases. The noise of wind turbine is composed of electromagnetic noise, mechanical noise and aerodynamic noise. In the far field environment, the aerodynamic noise generated by the blade is the main noise contribution. In outdoor noise testing and evaluation and sound propagation attenuation calculation, the noise of wind turbine is generally regarded as a point sound source. At present, the diameter of wind wheel has broken through 200 meters, and the aerodynamic noise generated by the huge wind wheel of wind turbine is closer to line sound source or surface sound source, and the noise propagation of wind turbine in different directions is not the same, such as upwind, downwind and crosswind of wind turbine.

[0003] The existing relevant standards all use A sound level as the basis for noise impact assessment of residential areas. For wind turbine, the noise emitted at a certain distance and under certain operating conditions of wind turbine may be lower than the limit value requirement, but due to its frequency spectrum characteristics and directivity, it still has noise impact on nearby residential areas.

[0004] The most commonly used method for measuring the acoustic directivity of wind turbine is to use a handheld sound level meter to collect sound pressure level at a fixed point by human, without considering the influence of wind wheel speed, blade pitch angle change and other sound source changes, and without considering the influence of meteorological data on acoustics. When the azimuth angle of the nacelle changes, the test point cannot be changed in time and accurately, the measurement method cannot be accurate, and the measurement result cannot reflect the acoustic characteristics in detail. Therefore, the method cannot effectively and accurately measure the acoustic directivity of wind turbine.

[0005] The existing technical documents related to wind turbine noise testing in the industry are as follows:

[0006] In Chinese invention patent application CN108801447A, a wind turbine noise testing system and method are disclosed. According to the wind turbine testing method standard, the data acquisition hardware, testing system, scheme and other contents conforming to the standard are provided.

[0007] In Chinese invention patent application CN108489600A, a wind turbine noise testing and evaluation system and method are disclosed. The invention solves the problems of long cable, complicated operation and low measurement and evaluation efficiency in the prior art by combining the data acquisition of lower computer hardware with the data saving method of upper computer.

[0008] In Chinese patent application CN104034411A, a wind turbine noise distributed measurement system is disclosed, which comprises an acoustic measurement terminal, a wireless communication base station, an acoustic signal processing center, a system interaction center and the like.

[0009] In summary, there is no relevant patent to give specific measurement arrangement, equipment installation position, quantity requirement and the like. For the test of directivity, there is no method to confirm the position between the acoustic measuring point and the changing wind wheel. For the signal collection of the measured unit, the key parameters affecting the aerodynamic acoustics are not included, such as the wind wheel speed, the blade angle, the nacelle wind speed, the wind wheel position and the like. The current distributed measurement system cannot accurately guide the measurement of the acoustic directivity propagation of the wind turbine.

[0010] Therefore, it is necessary to study the wind turbine acoustic propagation directivity propagation test method and system. From the perspective of active noise reduction control of the wind turbine, the noise reduction control scheme can be formulated in detail through the acoustic propagation directivity characteristics, the power generation loss can be effectively avoided, and the acoustic influence can be reduced. SUMMARY

[0011] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system and method, which measures the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine from multiple acoustic parameters and multiple directivity angles. The test system considers the influence of unit operation, meteorology and the like on the acoustic characteristics, the test equipment considers the influence of yaw on the directivity angle, optimizes the data transmission mode and power supply mode, reduces the precision influence and efficiency problems caused by human operation, and provides a noise reduction reference theory basis from the control strategy of the wind turbine.

[0012] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical scheme: a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system, comprising:

[0013] An acoustic base station is used for collecting and transmitting acoustic data, and the acoustic base station is arranged at the corresponding positions of the upwind direction, the left side direction, the downwind direction and the right side direction of the wind turbine, and each acoustic base station is arranged at a position not less than H+D / 2 from the center of the tower cylinder of the wind turbine, wherein H is the hub height of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of the wind wheel of the wind turbine;

[0014] A meteorological base station is used for collecting and transmitting meteorological data, and the meteorological base station is arranged at a position not less than D-2D from the wind turbine and avoids the position behind the wind wheel of the wind turbine;

[0015] A master control base station is used for collecting and transmitting the master control parameters of the wind turbine, and the master control base station is arranged at the master control structure of the wind turbine, and the master control parameters include power, speed, blade angle, nacelle wind speed and nacelle azimuth angle;

[0016] A central base station is configured to receive acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters, and perform multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing on the received acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters to obtain acoustic propagation characteristics of different wind turbine units in different directions, different operating states and different meteorological environments.

[0017] Further, the acoustic base station comprises:

[0018] An acoustic data acquisition module is configured to acquire acoustic data.

[0019] A power supply module is configured to supply power to the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module.

[0020] A wireless transmission module is configured to transmit the acoustic data to the central base station.

[0021] A positioning module is configured to obtain position information of the acoustic base station.

[0022] The power supply module is electrically connected to the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module, and the acoustic data acquisition module and the positioning module are communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module.

[0023] The acoustic base station is provided with a sound pressure sensor, an acoustic calibrator and a support, the support is provided with a sound level meter and a wind ball, and the sound pressure sensor, the acoustic calibrator and the sound level meter are communicatively connected to the acoustic data acquisition module.

[0024] Further, the meteorological base station comprises:

[0025] A meteorological data acquisition module is configured to acquire meteorological data.

[0026] A power supply module is configured to supply power to the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module.

[0027] A wireless transmission module is configured to transmit the meteorological data to the central base station.

[0028] The power supply module is electrically connected to the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module, and the meteorological data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module.

[0029] The meteorological base station is provided with a meteorological wind measurement tower, and the meteorological wind measurement tower is provided with a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a temperature sensor and a barometric pressure sensor, and the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the temperature sensor and the barometric pressure sensor are communicatively connected to the meteorological data acquisition module.

[0030] Further, the master control base station comprises:

[0031] A master control data acquisition module is configured to acquire master control parameters of a wind turbine unit.

[0032] a power supply module for powering the master data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module, and the positioning module;

[0033] a wireless transmission module for transmitting the master parameters to a central base station;

[0034] a positioning module for obtaining position information of the master base station;

[0035] The power supply module is electrically connected to the master data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module, and the positioning module, respectively, and the master data acquisition module and the positioning module are communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module.

[0036] Further, the central base station comprises:

[0037] a power supply module for powering the data storage module, the wireless transmission module, and the fusion module;

[0038] a data storage module for storing acoustic data, meteorological data, and master parameters;

[0039] a wireless transmission module for receiving acoustic data, meteorological data, and master parameters;

[0040] a fusion module for receiving position data of the acoustic base station, performing distance and direction calculation, and performing multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing based on the received acoustic data, meteorological data, and master parameters to obtain acoustic propagation characteristics under different operating states of different units and different meteorological environments when the wind turbine is directed in different directions.

[0041] Further, the central base station performs the following operations:

[0042] The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station includes the wind speed range corresponding to the wind turbine startup wind speed to the wind speed greater than the rated power, and the wind speed is spaced at 0.5 m / s. The sampling Bin interval is processed, that is, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided between the measured entire wind speed range, and the data is divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed size. Finally, the measurement result of the effective data points in each wind speed interval is obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is calculated by formula (1):

[0043]

[0044] N is the number of measurements in the wind speed interval k; V j,k is the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k measurement period j.

[0045] Further, the central base station performs the following operations:

[0046] According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the master base station, the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine are calculated, and the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel is obtained by iteration with the nacelle azimuth angle data collected by the master base station. The initial position of the nacelle azimuth angle is the acoustic measurement position 0° pointing, and the clockwise direction is 0-360° pointing. When the wind speed changes, the nacelle azimuth angle changes, and the pointing angle of the acoustic measurement position changes with the nacelle azimuth angle, but the acoustic measurement position 0° pointing must always be consistent with the nacelle azimuth angle, and the angle deviation is ±15°. The nacelle azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (2) and (3):

[0047]

[0048] θ WT is the nacelle azimuth angle, is the acoustic measurement 0° pointing direction.

[0049] Further, the central base station performs the following operations:

[0050] The acoustic signal is subjected to time domain analysis, spectral analysis and tone analysis. The time domain analysis includes continuous time equivalence, A weighting and Z weighting with a period of 10s; the spectral analysis obtains 0-10000Hz spectral results, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum and 1 octave band spectrum results; the tone analysis obtains sound value and tone audibility.

[0051] Further, the central base station performs the following operations:

[0052] The relationship between environmental wind speed and wind turbine acoustic characteristics is evaluated, and the correlation between 10m high wind speed data and nacelle wind speed is used to establish the relationship between wind turbine operating state, acoustic propagation and environmental wind speed. The calculation relationship between wind speed at 10m height and nacelle wind speed is shown in formula (4):

[0053]

[0054] V 10 is the wind speed at 10m height, V H is the nacelle wind speed, Z 0ref is the reference roughness;

[0055] When the background noise is corrected, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is greater than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, and if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the measurement needs to be re-measured in a quiet environment. The background noise is processed by 1 / 3 octave band, and if the running total noise level L V,T,i,k is greater than the background noise level L V,B,i,kThe background corrected sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i is calculated by equation (5) at least 3dB higher:

[0056]

[0057] L V,c,i,k L is the background noise corrected A-weighted sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; V,T,i,k L is the total noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; V,B,i,k L is the background noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k.

[0058] A wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test method, which calls the acoustic base station, the meteorological base station, the master control base station and the central base station in the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system to realize, comprising:

[0059] The acoustic base station is respectively arranged at the corresponding positions of the upwind direction, the left side direction, the downwind direction and the right side direction of the wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of the tower drum of the wind turbine is not less than H+D / 2, wherein H is the hub height of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of the wind wheel of the wind turbine;

[0060] The meteorological base station is installed at a position away from the wind turbine by D-2D and avoids being arranged at the rear position of the wind wheel of the wind turbine, the height of the meteorological base station is not less than 10m, the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are installed at the height of 10m of the meteorological base station, and the installation horizontal rod of the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction;

[0061] The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station includes the wind speed range from the starting wind speed of the wind turbine to the corresponding wind speed range when the rated power is greater than the rated power, the wind speed is spaced by 0.5m / s, the sampling Bin interval is processed, that is, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided between the measured entire wind speed segments, the data is divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, and finally the measurement result of the effective data points in each wind speed interval is obtained, the average wind speed V k calculated by equation (6):

[0062]

[0063] N is the number of measurements in the wind speed interval k; V j,k is the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k measurement period j;

[0064] According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the master base station, the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine are calculated, and the real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel is obtained by iteration with the nacelle azimuth angle data collected by the master base station. The initial position of the nacelle azimuth angle is directed to the acoustic measurement position 0°, and the clockwise direction is 0-360° in turn. When the wind speed changes, the nacelle azimuth angle changes, and the pointing angle of the acoustic measurement position changes with the nacelle azimuth angle, but the acoustic measurement position 0° direction must always be consistent with the nacelle azimuth angle, and the angle deviation is ±15°. The nacelle azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) and (8):

[0065]

[0066] θ WT is the nacelle azimuth angle, is the acoustic measurement 0° direction;

[0067] The acoustic signal is analyzed in time domain, frequency domain and tone domain. The time domain analysis includes continuous time equivalent, A-weighting and Z-weighting with a period of 10s; the frequency spectrum analysis obtains 0-10000Hz frequency spectrum results, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum and 1 octave band spectrum results; the tone analysis obtains tone value and tone audibility;

[0068] The relationship between environmental wind speed and wind turbine acoustic characteristics is evaluated. The relationship between 10m high wind speed data and nacelle wind speed is used to establish the relationship between wind turbine operating state, acoustic propagation and environmental wind speed. The calculation relationship between 10m height wind speed and nacelle wind speed is shown in formula (9):

[0069]

[0070] V 10 is the 10m height wind speed, V H is the nacelle wind speed, Z 0ref is the reference roughness;

[0071] When the background noise is corrected, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is greater than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, and if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the measurement needs to be re-measured in a quiet environment. The background noise is processed by 1 / 3 octave band. If the running total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k , the background correction sound pressure level of 1 / 3 octave band i is calculated by formula (10):

[0072]

[0073] LV,c,i,k A is the background noise correction A-weighted sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; L V,T,i,k L is the total noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; L V,B,i,k A is the background noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0075] (1) The present application can effectively reveal the acoustic directivity propagation law of the wind turbine, and provide strong support for the acoustic design research and noise reduction engineering of the wind turbine.

[0076] (2) The present application can simultaneously monitor the meteorological environment affecting acoustic propagation, the main control parameters of the unit affecting blade aerodynamic acoustics, and other information, and calculate the noise variation law and influencing factors of the wind turbine from multiple physical angles of the sound source and sound propagation environment.

[0077] (3) The linear interpolation method is used to correspond the wind turbine nacelle wind speed and noise measurement, the meteorological environment wind speed and noise measurement, and effectively represent the relationship between the main control operation of the wind turbine, the atmospheric environment and the directivity acoustic characteristics.

[0078] (4) The positioning module is arranged in the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of the present application, and the nacelle azimuth angle information is collected, so that the angle relationship of the position related to the directivity can be accurately positioned.

[0079] (5) The acoustic signal includes A-weighted sound pressure level and Z-weighted sound pressure level, which evaluates the acoustic influence from the perspective of human ear frequency response and low frequency; in the frequency spectrum, it includes 0-10000Hz narrowband spectrum, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum and 1 octave band spectrum, which provides data support for spectral evaluation of different methods, and more detailed evaluation of directivity acoustic characteristics from the perspective of frequency spectrum; the tone audibility and sound value measurement are added, which evaluates the tone characteristics from different operating conditions and directivity angles of the wind turbine, and more comprehensively evaluates the noise directivity of the wind turbine.

[0080] (6) The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system of the present application has integrated each collection base station module, and the test site is easy to install and operate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of base station signal transmission of the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system.

[0082] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the base station structure composition of the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system.

[0083] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the installation position of an acoustic base station.

[0084] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the installation position of a meteorological base station.

[0085] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system.

[0086] Figure 6 A data transfer topology diagram of a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system.

[0087] Figure 7 A data correspondence diagram of a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0089] Embodiment 1

[0090] Referring to Figures 1-2 The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system provided by the embodiment includes:

[0091] 1) an acoustic base station 2 for collecting and transmitting acoustic data, the acoustic base station 2 being arranged at corresponding positions of the upwind direction, the left side direction, the downwind direction, and the right side direction of the wind turbine, respectively, to measure the acoustic characteristics of different angles of propagation when the wind turbine rotor rotates, and each acoustic base station 2 being located at a distance of not less than H+D / 2 from the center of the tower of the wind turbine, where H is the hub height of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of the wind turbine rotor, the acoustic base station 2 including:

[0092] an acoustic data collection module 8 for collecting acoustic data;

[0093] a power supply module 9 for supplying power to the acoustic data collection module 8, the wireless transmission module 10, and the positioning module 11;

[0094] a wireless transmission module 10 for transmitting acoustic data to a central base station 4;

[0095] a positioning module 11 for obtaining position information of the acoustic base station 2;

[0096] The power supply module 9 is electrically connected to the acoustic data collection module 8, the wireless transmission module 10, and the positioning module 11, respectively, and the acoustic data collection module 8 and the positioning module 11 are communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module 10;

[0097] Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the acoustic base station 2 is provided with a sound pressure sensor, an acoustic calibrator and a support 19, a sound level meter 20 and a wind ball are installed on the support 19, the installation height is 1.2-1.5 meters, the sound level meter 20 is directed to the center position of the wind wheel, and is used to measure the wind direction of the wind turbine 25, the left wind direction, the right wind direction and the downwind direction, the sound pressure sensor, the acoustic calibrator and the sound level meter 20 are respectively connected with the acoustic data acquisition module.

[0098] 2) Weather base station 1, used for collecting and transmitting weather data, see Figures 4-5 As shown, the weather base station 1 is installed in the range of D-2D from the vertical ground position of the hub center of the wind turbine 25 and is set to avoid the position of +6° directly behind the wind wheel of the wind turbine 25, so as to avoid the influence of measuring the wake of the wind turbine 25. The weather base station 1 comprises:

[0099] Weather data acquisition module 5 for collecting weather data;

[0100] Power supply module 6 for power supply of weather data acquisition module 5 and wireless transmission module 7;

[0101] Wireless transmission module 7 for transmitting weather data to central base station 4;

[0102] The power supply module 6 is respectively connected with the weather data acquisition module 5 and the wireless transmission module 7, and the weather data acquisition module 5 is connected with the wireless transmission module 7 in communication;

[0103] The weather base station 1 is provided with a weather wind measuring tower, the weather wind measuring tower is provided with a wind speed sensor 23, a wind direction sensor 24, a temperature sensor 21 and a barometric pressure sensor 22, the wind speed sensor 23, the wind direction sensor 24, the temperature sensor 21 and the barometric pressure sensor 22 are respectively connected with the weather data acquisition module 5 in communication; the height of the weather wind measuring tower is not less than 10m, the wind speed sensor 23 and the wind direction sensor 24 are installed at the height of 10m of the weather wind measuring tower, and the installation horizontal rod of the wind speed sensor 23 and the wind direction sensor 24 is perpendicular to the incoming flow direction; the temperature sensor 21 and the barometric pressure sensor 22 are installed at the weather wind measuring tower, and the installation height is not less than 1.5m.

[0104] 3) Master control base station 3, used for collecting and transmitting master control parameters of the wind turbine, the master control base station is arranged at the master control structure of the wind turbine 25, that is, at the vertical ground position of the hub center of the tower bottom of the wind turbine 25, the master control parameters include power, speed, blade angle, nacelle wind speed and nacelle azimuth angle, the master control base station 3 comprises:

[0105] Master control data acquisition module 12 for collecting master control parameters of the wind turbine;

[0106] a power supply module 13 for powering the master data acquisition module 12, the wireless transmission module 14 and the positioning module 15;

[0107] a wireless transmission module 14 for transmitting the master control parameters to the central base station 4;

[0108] a positioning module 15 for obtaining the position information of the master base station 3;

[0109] The power supply module 13 is electrically connected to the master data acquisition module 12, the wireless transmission module 14 and the positioning module 15 respectively, and the master data acquisition module 12 and the positioning module 15 are in communication connection with the wireless transmission module 14.

[0110] 4) the central base station 4 for receiving acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters, and performing multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters to obtain the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine under different pointing directions, different operating states of the wind turbine and different meteorological environments, including:

[0111] a power supply module 17 for powering the data storage module, the wireless transmission module and the fusion module;

[0112] a data storage module 16 for storing acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters;

[0113] a wireless transmission module 18 for receiving acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters;

[0114] a fusion module for receiving position data of the acoustic base station, performing distance and direction calculation, and performing multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing according to the received acoustic data, meteorological data and master control parameters to obtain the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine under different pointing directions, different operating states of the wind turbine and different meteorological environments.

[0115] The central base station specifically performs the following operations:

[0116] The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station includes the wind speed range corresponding to the wind speed at which the wind turbine starts to the wind speed greater than the rated power, and the wind speed is spaced at 0.5 m / s, and the sampling Bin interval is processed, that is, a plurality of wind speed intervals are divided between the measured entire wind speed range, and the data is divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed, and finally

[0117] The measurement result of the effective data points in each wind speed interval is obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is calculated by formula (6):

[0118]

[0119] N is the number of measurements within the wind speed interval k; V j,k is the average wind speed in wind speed interval k during measurement period j.

[0120] See also Figure 5 As shown, the entire system is located on flat terrain and there is no interference from other noise sources around. If there are other sounds around and they cannot be avoided, the test data should be filtered to avoid interference from occasional environmental sound sources on the test results.

[0121] When the front of the wind turbine rotor is due north, the nacelle azimuth is 0°, and the azimuth angle is 0°-359° clockwise when looking down. The required acoustic test points are located in the upwind, right wind direction, downwind direction, and left wind direction of the turbine. It is preferred that the acoustic test points be evenly distributed or arranged according to the focus position, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, when the wind direction changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes accordingly. For example, when the cabin azimuth angle is 90°, the data obtained at the 90° point is when the unit is pointing directly upwind, while the data obtained at the 270° point is when the unit is pointing directly downwind. The data obtained at each test point is stored separately based on the cabin azimuth angle change angle. Data is valid when the cabin azimuth angle remains stable for 10 seconds and the angle deviation from the test point is within ±5°. Otherwise, the data is considered invalid.

[0122] According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine are calculated. The real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine is obtained by iterating the cabin azimuth angle data collected by the main control base station. The initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is the acoustic measurement position 0° direction, and the clockwise direction is 0-360°. When the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, and the pointing angle of the acoustic measurement position changes with the cabin azimuth angle. However, the 0° direction of the acoustic measurement position must always be kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, with an angle deviation of ±15°. The cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8):

[0123]

[0124] θ WT is the cabin azimuth angle, For acoustic measurement, the 0° pointing direction is used;

[0125] Perform time domain analysis, spectrum analysis, and pitch analysis on acoustic signals. Time domain analysis includes continuous time equivalence with a 10s duration, A-weighting, and Z-weighting. Spectral analysis yields 0-10,000Hz spectrum results, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum results, and 1 octave band spectrum results. Pitch analysis yields tone value and pitch audibility.

[0126] The relationship between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, and the wind speed data at a height of 10 m are correlated with the cabin wind speed to establish the relationship between the wind turbine operating state, acoustic propagation and environmental wind speed. The calculation relationship between the wind speed at a height of 10 m and the cabin wind speed is shown in equation (9):

[0127]

[0128] V 10 is the wind speed at a height of 10 m, V H is the cabin wind speed, Z 0ref is the reference roughness;

[0129] When the background noise is corrected, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise level is greater than 10 dB, the influence of the background noise on the measurement of the noise source is ignored, and if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise level is less than 3 dB, the measurement needs to be re-measured in a quiet environment. The background noise is processed by 1 / 3 octave band, and if the total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3 dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k , the background correction sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i is calculated by equation (10):

[0130]

[0131] L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A-weighted sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; L V,T,i,k is the total noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k.

[0132] Embodiment 2

[0133] Referring to Figures 6-7 , the embodiment discloses a wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test method, which calls the acoustic base station, the meteorological base station, the master control base station and the central base station in the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system to realize, and includes:

[0134] The acoustic base stations are respectively arranged at corresponding positions of the upwind direction, the left wind direction, the downwind direction and the right wind direction of the wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of the tower cylinder of the wind turbine is not less than H+D / 2, wherein H is the hub height of the wind turbine, and D is the diameter of the wind wheel of the wind turbine;

[0135] The meteorological base station is installed at a position D-2D away from the wind turbine and away from the rear of the wind turbine rotor. The height of the meteorological base station is not less than 10m. A wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor are installed at a height of 10m, and the mounting cross bars of the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are perpendicular to the incoming wind direction.

[0136] The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station includes the wind speed range corresponding to the start-up wind speed of the wind turbine to the wind speed range greater than the rated power. The wind speed is sampled at intervals of 0.5m / s, and the Bin interval processing is performed, that is, several wind speed intervals are divided between the entire measured wind speed segment, and the data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed size. Finally, the measurement results of the valid data points in each wind speed interval are obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained. Calculated by formula (6):

[0137]

[0138] N is the number of measurements within the wind speed interval k; V j,k is the average wind speed in wind speed interval k during measurement period j;

[0139] When the front of the wind turbine rotor is due north, the nacelle azimuth is 0°, and the azimuth angle is 0°-359° clockwise when looking down. The required acoustic test points are located in the upwind, right wind direction, downwind direction, and left wind direction of the turbine. It is preferred that the acoustic test points be evenly distributed or arranged according to the focus position, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, when the wind direction changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes accordingly. For example, when the cabin azimuth angle is 90°, the data obtained at the 90° point is when the unit is pointing directly upwind, while the data obtained at the 270° point is when the unit is pointing directly downwind. The data obtained at each test point is stored separately based on the cabin azimuth angle change angle. Data is valid when the cabin azimuth angle remains stable for 10 seconds and the angle deviation from the test point is within ±5°. Otherwise, the data is considered invalid.

[0140] According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine are calculated. The real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine is obtained by iterating the cabin azimuth angle data collected by the main control base station. The initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is the acoustic measurement position 0° direction, and the clockwise direction is 0-360°. When the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, and the pointing angle of the acoustic measurement position changes with the cabin azimuth angle. However, the 0° direction of the acoustic measurement position must always be kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, with an angle deviation of ±15°. The cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8):

[0141]

[0142] θ WT is the azimuth angle of the cabin, is the 0° pointing azimuth of the acoustic measurement;

[0143] The acoustic signal is subjected to time domain analysis, spectral analysis and tonal analysis, the time domain analysis includes continuous time equivalent, A-weighting and Z-weighting with a period of 10s; the spectral analysis obtains 0-10000Hz spectral results, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum and 1 octave band spectrum results; the tonal analysis obtains pitch and tonal audibility;

[0144] The relationship between the environmental wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of the wind turbine is evaluated, the 10m high wind speed data is correlated with the cabin wind speed, thereby establishing the relationship between the wind turbine operating state, acoustic propagation and environmental wind speed, the calculation relationship between the wind speed at 10m height and the cabin wind speed is as formula (9):

[0145]

[0146] V 10 is the wind speed at 10m height, V H is the cabin wind speed, Z 0ref is the reference roughness;

[0147] When the background noise is corrected, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is greater than 10dB, the influence of the background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, the measurement needs to be re-measured in a quiet environment; the background noise is processed by 1 / 3 octave band, if in the same 1 / 3 octave band i, the running total noise level L V,T,i,k is at least 3dB higher than the background noise level L V,B,i,k , the background correction sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i is calculated by formula (10):

[0148]

[0149] L V,c,i,k is the background noise correction A-weighted sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; L V,T,i,k is the running total noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k; L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level in the 1 / 3 octave band i at the interval center wind speed k.

[0150] The above-described embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, therefore, any changes made according to the shape and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wind turbine acoustic directional propagation test system, characterized in that: include: Acoustic base stations, used to collect and transmit acoustic data, are respectively set up at corresponding positions in the upwind, left wind direction, downwind direction, and right wind direction of the wind turbine, and each acoustic base station is no less than H+D / 2 away from the center of the wind turbine tower, where H is the hub height of the wind turbine and D is the diameter of the wind turbine rotor; A meteorological base station is used to collect and transmit meteorological data. The meteorological base station is installed at a distance of D-2D from the wind turbine and avoids the rear of the wind turbine rotor. A main control base station is used to collect and transmit the main control parameters of the wind turbine. The main control base station is set at the main control structure of the wind turbine. The main control parameters include power, speed, blade angle, cabin wind speed and cabin azimuth; The central base station is used to receive acoustic data, meteorological data, and main control parameters, and perform multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing based on the received acoustic data, meteorological data, and main control parameters to obtain the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine in different directions, different unit operating states, and different meteorological environments, and perform the following operations: The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station includes the wind speed range corresponding to the start-up wind speed of the wind turbine to the wind speed range greater than the rated power. The wind speed is sampled at intervals of 0.5m / s, and the Bin interval processing is performed, that is, several wind speed intervals are divided between the entire measured wind speed segment, and the data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed size. Finally, the measurement results of the valid data points in each wind speed interval are obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained. Calculated by formula (1): N is the number of measurements within the wind speed interval k; V j,k is the average wind speed in wind speed interval k during measurement period j; According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine are calculated. The real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind wheel is obtained by iterating the cabin azimuth angle data collected by the main control base station. The initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is the acoustic measurement position 0° direction, and the clockwise direction is 0-360°. When the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, and the pointing angle of the acoustic measurement position changes with the cabin azimuth angle. However, the 0° direction of the acoustic measurement position must always be kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, with an angle deviation of ±15°. The cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (2) to (3): θ WT is the cabin azimuth angle, For acoustic measurement, the 0° pointing direction is used; Perform time domain analysis, spectrum analysis, and pitch analysis on acoustic signals. Time domain analysis includes continuous time equivalence with a 10s duration, A-weighting, and Z-weighting. Spectral analysis yields 0-10,000Hz spectrum results, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum results, and 1 octave band spectrum results. Pitch analysis yields tone value and pitch audibility. To evaluate the relationship between ambient wind speed and the acoustic characteristics of wind turbines, the wind speed data at a height of 10 m was used to correlate with the wind speed in the nacelle. This was used to establish the relationship between the operating status of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation, and ambient wind speed. The calculation relationship between the wind speed at a height of 10 m and the wind speed in the nacelle is shown in formula (4): V 10 is the wind speed at a height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, Z 0ref is the baseline roughness; When correcting for background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is greater than 10dB, the effect of background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored. If the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, it is necessary to re-measure in a quiet environment. The background noise is processed by 1 / 3 octave band. If the total noise sound pressure level L is run on the same 1 / 3 octave band i, the total noise sound pressure level L is used. V,T,i,k Compared to background noise sound pressure level L V,B,i,k When the background-corrected sound pressure level in 1 / 3 octave band i is at least 3 dB higher, it is calculated by equation (5): L V,c,i,k L is the A-weighted sound pressure level of background noise in 1 / 3 octave band i at wind speed k in the center of the interval; V,T,i,k L is the total noise sound pressure level in 1 / 3 octave band i at wind speed k in the center of the interval; V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level in 1 / 3 octave band i at wind speed k in the center of the interval.

2. A wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acoustic base station comprises: Acoustic data acquisition module, used for collecting acoustic data; Power supply module, used to power the acoustic data acquisition module, wireless transmission module and positioning module; A wireless transmission module for transmitting acoustic data to a central base station; Positioning module, used to obtain the location information of the acoustic base station; The power supply module is electrically connected to the acoustic data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module respectively, and the acoustic data acquisition module and the positioning module are communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module respectively; The acoustic base station is equipped with a sound pressure sensor, an acoustic calibrator and a bracket, and the bracket is equipped with a sound level meter and a windproof ball. The sound pressure sensor, the acoustic calibrator and the sound level meter are respectively connected to the acoustic data acquisition module for communication.

3. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorological base station comprises: Meteorological data collection module, used to collect meteorological data; Power supply module, used to power the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module; Wireless transmission module, used to transmit meteorological data to the central base station; The power supply module is electrically connected to the meteorological data acquisition module and the wireless transmission module respectively, and the meteorological data acquisition module is communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module; A meteorological wind tower is installed at the meteorological base station. A wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor are installed on the meteorological wind tower. The wind speed sensor, wind direction sensor, temperature sensor and air pressure sensor are respectively connected to the meteorological data acquisition module for communication.

4. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The master control base station includes: Main control data acquisition module, used to collect main control parameters of wind turbines; Power supply module, used to power the main control data acquisition module, wireless transmission module and positioning module; Wireless transmission module, used to transmit master control parameters to the central base station; Positioning module, used to obtain the location information of the master base station; The power supply module is electrically connected to the main control data acquisition module, the wireless transmission module and the positioning module respectively. The main control data acquisition module and the positioning module are communicatively connected to the wireless transmission module respectively.

5. The wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central base station comprises: Power supply module, used for powering the data storage module, wireless transmission module and fusion module; Data storage module, used to store acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters; Wireless transmission module, used to receive acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters; The fusion module is used to receive the location data of the acoustic base station, calculate the distance and direction, and perform multi-dimensional and multi-angle fusion processing based on the received acoustic data, meteorological data and main control parameters to obtain the acoustic propagation characteristics of the wind turbine in different directions, different unit operating states and different meteorological environments.

6. A wind turbine acoustic directional propagation test method, characterized in that: The method is implemented by calling the acoustic base station, meteorological base station, master control base station and central base station in the wind turbine acoustic directivity propagation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and includes: The acoustic base stations are respectively set up at the corresponding positions of the upwind, left wind direction, downwind direction and right wind direction of the wind turbine, and the distance between each acoustic base station and the center of the wind turbine tower is not less than H+D / 2, where H is the height of the wind turbine hub and D is the diameter of the wind turbine rotor; The meteorological base station is installed at a position D-2D away from the wind turbine and away from the rear of the wind turbine rotor. The height of the meteorological base station is not less than 10m. A wind speed sensor and a wind direction sensor are installed at a height of 10m, and the mounting cross bars of the wind speed sensor and the wind direction sensor are perpendicular to the incoming wind direction. The wind speed range measured by the meteorological base station includes the wind speed range corresponding to the start-up wind speed of the wind turbine to the wind speed range greater than the rated power. The wind speed is sampled at intervals of 0.5m / s, and the Bin interval processing is performed, that is, several wind speed intervals are divided between the entire measured wind speed segment, and the data are divided into each wind speed interval according to the wind speed size. Finally, the measurement results of the valid data points in each wind speed interval are obtained, and the average wind speed in the wind speed interval k is obtained. Calculated by formula (6): N is the number of measurements within the wind speed interval k; V j,k is the average wind speed in wind speed interval k during measurement period j; According to the position information of the acoustic base station and the position information of the main control base station, the position and angle of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine are calculated. The real-time position of the acoustic base station relative to the wind turbine is obtained by iterating the cabin azimuth angle data collected by the main control base station. The initial position of the cabin azimuth angle is the acoustic measurement position 0° direction, and the clockwise direction is 0-360°. When the wind speed changes, the cabin azimuth angle changes, and the pointing angle of the acoustic measurement position changes with the cabin azimuth angle. However, the 0° direction of the acoustic measurement position must always be kept consistent with the cabin azimuth angle, with an angle deviation of ±15°. The cabin azimuth angle is shown in the following formulas (7) to (8): θ WT is the cabin azimuth angle, For acoustic measurement, the 0° pointing direction is used; Perform time domain analysis, spectrum analysis, and pitch analysis on acoustic signals. Time domain analysis includes continuous time equivalence with a 10s duration, A-weighting, and Z-weighting. Spectral analysis yields 0-10,000Hz spectrum results, 1 / 3 octave band spectrum results, and 1 octave band spectrum results. Pitch analysis yields tone value and pitch audibility. To evaluate the relationship between ambient wind speed and acoustic characteristics of wind turbines, the wind speed data at a height of 10 m was used to correlate with the wind speed in the nacelle. This was used to establish the relationship between the operating status of the wind turbine, acoustic propagation, and ambient wind speed. The relationship between the wind speed at a height of 10 m and the wind speed in the nacelle is calculated as follows: V 10 is the wind speed at a height of 10m, V H is the cabin wind speed, Z 0ref is the baseline roughness; When correcting for background noise, if the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is greater than 10dB, the effect of background noise on the noise source measurement is ignored. If the difference between the total sound pressure level and the background noise is less than 3dB, it is necessary to re-measure in a quiet environment. The background noise is processed by 1 / 3 octave band. If the total noise sound pressure level L is run on the same 1 / 3 octave band i, the total noise sound pressure level L is used. V,T,i,k Compared to background noise sound pressure level L V,B,i,k When the background corrected sound pressure level in 1 / 3 octave band i is at least 3 dB higher, it is calculated by formula (10): L V,c,i,k L is the A-weighted sound pressure level of background noise in 1 / 3 octave band i at wind speed k in the center of the interval; V,T,i,k is the total operating noise sound pressure level in 1 / 3 octave band i at wind speed k in the center of the interval; L V,B,i,k is the background noise sound pressure level in 1 / 3 octave band i at wind speed k in the center of the interval.

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