Vehicle-mounted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage and conveying, and particularly relates to a vehicle-mounted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and a using method thereof, and the vehicle-mounted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle comprises a bottle body structure, a pipeline system, a temperature control system and a detection control system. The bottle body comprises a gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer, an aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer, a glass fiber layer and an aluminum-foil paper layer. The pipeline system comprises an in-bottle pipeline, a hydrogenation pipeline, a hydrogen conveying pipeline, a loop, a one-way valve, a control valve and a tee joint. The temperature control system comprises a heat exchange pipe, cooling liquid and a refrigeration heat exchanger. The detection control system accurately controls the pressure intensity and the temperature in the bottle and the temperature of output hydrogen through feedback of the pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal element. The structure of the bottle body is improved, and the pipeline system, the temperature control system and the detection control system are jointly controlled, so that the hydrogen storage bottle has the advantages of small weight-to-volume ratio, high strength, excellent heat insulation, accurate temperature control and flow control and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage and transportation, and in particular relates to a vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] As the global demand for clean energy grows, hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient energy carrier, has broad application prospects in the field of fuel cell vehicles.

[0003] The commonly used hydrogen storage bottles in the market are Type I all-metal bottles, Type II metal lined composite surrounded bottles, Type III metal lined composite fully surrounded bottles, and Type IV resin lined composite surrounded bottles. Among them, Type I and Type II have a large weight-to-volume ratio and are difficult to meet the hydrogen storage density requirements of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Type III and Type IV bottles have the advantages of a small weight-to-volume ratio and a high hydrogen storage density per unit mass due to their fiber fully wound structure. They are currently widely used in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0004] However, as a key component of fuel cell vehicles, on-board hydrogen cylinders face many challenges. In a deep-cold and high-pressure environment, hydrogen is in a critical state between gas and liquid. The structural design of traditional hydrogen cylinders is difficult to take into account both high strength and good thermal insulation performance. For example, when some existing hydrogen cylinders store deep-cold hydrogen, heat is easily transferred into the bottle, causing the hydrogen to gasify and the pressure to increase, which not only reduces the storage density of hydrogen, but also increases safety risks.

[0005] Moreover, during the hydrogen output process, it is difficult to accurately control the temperature and flow of hydrogen, which cannot meet the strict requirements of the fuel cell for a stable supply of hydrogen, limiting the performance of the fuel cell and further affecting the overall performance and range of the fuel cell vehicle; therefore, the development of a new type of on-board deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen cylinder has important practical significance. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problem that traditional hydrogen storage bottles have poor performance in complex working environments such as ultra-low temperature and ultra-high pressure accompanied by corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and a method of using it, which can achieve the advantages of a smaller weight-to-volume ratio that is difficult to achieve with traditional vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tanks and a higher hydrogen storage density per unit mass, while also reducing the impact of hydrogen embrittlement and increasing the service life of the gas cylinder.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: The present application provides a vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and a method for using the same, including: First, the bottle structure: The bottle body of the vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention has a accommodating cavity, which includes a gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer, an aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer, a glass fiber layer and an aluminum foil paper layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; epoxy resin is used for transition between adjacent layers to ensure that the layers are tightly combined and work together.

[0008] Furthermore, the gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer are formed by high-strength carbon fiber according to a specific winding process, including alternating winding of the gas barrier material and the carbon fiber material, mixed winding, etc., to provide the bottle with structural strength sufficient to withstand a deep cold and high pressure environment.

[0009] Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer is lower than 0.013-0.018 W / (m·K), which has excellent thermal insulation performance and effectively reduces the transfer of external heat into the bottle.

[0010] Furthermore, the glass fiber layer uses S glass fiber, and the fiber diameter ranges from 8 microns to 15 microns, which further enhances the overall strength and stability of the bottle body.

[0011] Second, the piping system: The pipeline system includes the pipeline inside the bottle, the hydrogenation pipeline, the hydrogen delivery pipeline, the one-way valve, the control valve and the tee. The nozzle of the pipeline inside the bottle is fixed with the joint and suspended inside the bottle. The joint is set on the top of the bottle. It is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material, has good corrosion resistance and sealing, and has excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

[0012] Furthermore, the tee is threadedly connected to the pipe mouth of the pipeline in the bottle, the upper end of the tee is threadedly connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, and the lower end is threadedly connected to the hydrogen transmission pipeline, ensuring that the hydrogen filling and output paths are unobstructed and controllable.

[0013] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided between the hydrogenation pipeline and the three-way connection to prevent hydrogen from flowing back and ensure the safety of the filling process.

[0014] Furthermore, a control valve is provided between the hydrogen transmission pipeline and the tee, and the hydrogen is output after being heated by the heating heat exchanger, so as to accurately control the output temperature and flow rate of the hydrogen according to the requirements of the fuel cell.

[0015] Third, temperature control system: The temperature control system includes heat exchange tubes, coolant and refrigeration heat exchanger. The heat exchange tubes are suspended inside the bottle body and connected to the refrigeration heat exchanger through the joints to form a completely sealed circulation device inside and outside.

[0016] Furthermore, the internal coolant is liquid helium with a temperature of about 4.2K, which has an extremely low boiling point and good cooling performance. The heat exchange tubes are made of TA2 pure titanium material with strong resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, ensuring long-term stable operation in a deep-cold and high-pressure hydrogen environment.

[0017] Furthermore, the refrigeration heat exchanger regulates the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen in the bottle in real time to maintain the deep cold and high pressure state of the hydrogen; Furthermore, the heating heat exchanger heats the hydrogen from a cryogenic temperature to a temperature suitable for use in a fuel cell.

[0018] Fourthly, detection and control system: The detection control system comprises pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal elements arranged on the pipeline inside the bottle and at the output port of the hydrogen transmission pipeline.

[0019] Furthermore, through these pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal elements, the temperature and pressure inside the bottle and at the output port can be detected in real time, and the operation of the refrigeration heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger can be controlled according to the detection results, thereby realizing accurate monitoring and control of the hydrogen state.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. Smaller weight-to-volume ratio: The vehicle-mounted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention adopts a new material combination and structural design. Compared with traditional hydrogen bottles, the weight of the bottle is significantly reduced while ensuring the storage capacity. In the multi-layer structure of the bottle, the rational use of lightweight and high-strength materials such as carbon fiber composite layers means that the bottle does not need too much redundant materials to ensure strength when it is subjected to cryogenic high pressure.

[0021] 2. High strength and high safety: The vehicle-mounted deep-cold and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention has excellent structural strength through the synergy of special gas-barrier materials, carbon fiber composite layer winding technology and multi-layer structure, which can safely and reliably withstand deep-cold and high-pressure environments, greatly reducing the risks of hydrogen leakage and bottle rupture.

[0022] 3. Excellent thermal insulation performance: The combination of aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer, glass fiber layer and aluminum foil layer used in the vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention constructs an efficient thermal insulation system, which effectively prevents heat from entering the bottle, reduces hydrogen gasification and pressure fluctuations, and is beneficial to improving the storage density and stability of hydrogen and extending the storage time of hydrogen.

[0023] 4. Accurate temperature and flow control: The detection and control system of the vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention cooperates with the refrigeration heat exchanger and the heating heat exchanger to accurately control the output temperature and flow of hydrogen according to the actual needs of the fuel cell, ensuring that the fuel cell is always in a stable and efficient operating state, thereby improving the overall performance and endurance of the fuel cell vehicle.

[0024] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present application also has other purposes, features and advantages. The present application will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottle structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the joint structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pipeline system of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the temperature control system of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the detection control system of the present invention; In the figure: 10, bottle body; 11, gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer; 12, aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer; 13, glass fiber layer; 14, aluminum foil layer; 21, heat exchange tube; 22, coolant; 30, joint; 40, pipeline system; 41, pipeline in the bottle; 42, hydrogenation pipeline; 43, hydrogen delivery pipeline; 44, one-way valve; 45, control valve; 46, three-way; 47, loop; 48, control one-way valve; 51, refrigeration heat exchanger; 52, heating heat exchanger; 60, detection and control system; 61, pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first", "second", etc. are generally of the same type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, the first object can be one or more.

[0028] During the actual manufacturing and application of the vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention, various components work together to achieve efficient hydrogen storage and supply.

[0029] During the manufacturing process of the bottle body 10, the gas barrier material and the carbon fiber composite layer 11 must first be carefully laid, and specific winding equipment and process parameters must be used to ensure that the carbon fiber and the gas barrier material are tightly combined and evenly distributed, providing the bottle body with basic strength and gas barrier properties. Then, the aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer 12, the glass fiber layer 13 and the aluminum foil paper layer 14 are laid in sequence. When laying each layer, the epoxy resin must be evenly coated so that the layers are tightly bonded to form an integral structure. For example, during the laying process of the aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer 12, the distribution density of the aerogel must be controlled to achieve the desired thermal insulation effect.

[0030] The installation of the pipeline system 40 must be carried out strictly in accordance with the design requirements. The bottle pipe 41 must be accurately fixed on the joint 30. The connection between the hydrogenation pipeline 42, the hydrogen transmission pipeline 43 and the tee 46 must ensure sealing performance, and use appropriate thread sealing materials and tightening torque. The selection of the check valve 44, the control valve 45 and the control check valve 48 should be determined according to the flow rate, pressure and other parameters of hydrogen to ensure that the valves operate reliably and the control is accurate during the hydrogenation and hydrogen transmission process.

[0031] In the temperature control system 20, the installation position of the heat exchange tube 21 should be optimized so that it can contact with the hydrogen in the bottle to the greatest extent and improve the heat exchange efficiency; the cooling and heating capacities of the cooling heat exchanger 51 and the heating heat exchanger 52 should be matched according to the volume of the bottle, the storage and output requirements of the hydrogen; for example, the cooling power of the cooling heat exchanger 51 should be sufficient to quickly reduce the temperature of the hydrogen in the bottle under high temperature conditions and maintain its deep cold state; the filling amount of the coolant 22 and the design of the circulation system should ensure stable operation under different working conditions. The heat exchange tube 21 adopts TA2 pure titanium material, which can effectively resist hydrogen embrittlement and extend the service life.

[0032] The pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal element 61 of the detection and control system 60 must have high precision and high reliability, and be able to accurately collect the pressure and temperature signals inside the bottle and at the output port; its control connection with the cooling heat exchanger 51 and the heating heat exchanger 52 must adopt advanced control algorithms, such as the PID control algorithm, to dynamically adjust the cooling and heating power according to the deviation between the set value and the actual measured value, so as to achieve fast and accurate temperature and pressure control.

[0033] The principle of the present invention is: before use, ensure that the bottle body 10 has no obvious damage, corrosion or deformation, the one-way valve 44 and the control valve 45 and each connection part are well sealed without loosening, the pipeline has no damage or cracks, and the joint 30 is firm, so as to ensure that there is no leakage risk in the entire hydrogen delivery system; firstly, the bottle body 10 adopts a multi-layer composite structure, the gas barrier material and the carbon fiber composite layer 11 are guaranteed to have strength and gas barrier properties through a specific winding process, the aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer 12 are insulated by low thermal conductivity, the glass fiber layer 13 enhances the overall strength, the aluminum foil paper layer 14 assists in thermal insulation, and the adjacent layers are tightly combined with epoxy resin transition; secondly, in the pipeline system 40, each pipeline is reasonably connected to the joint 30, the one-way valve 44, the control valve 45, and the tee 46, and the one-way valve 44 and the control valve 45 are properly connected. The one-way valve 48 can prevent hydrogen from flowing back, and the control valve 45 can accurately control the output; the heat exchange tube 21 of the temperature control system is optimally arranged in the bottle, and the liquid helium coolant 22 regulates the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen in the bottle with the help of the refrigeration heat exchanger 51 in the sealed circulation device, and the heating heat exchanger 52 heats and outputs hydrogen on demand; then, the pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal element 61 of the detection control system 60 is monitored in real time, and the refrigeration and heating exchanger 51 is controlled in conjunction with the advanced control algorithm to achieve precise temperature, pressure and flow control; finally, each system cooperates with each other to solve the problems of structural strength, insulation, temperature control and flow control of traditional hydrogen bottles in a deep cold and high pressure environment, and achieves the effects of small weight-to-volume ratio, high strength, excellent insulation, and precise temperature control and flow control, providing a reliable solution for hydrogen storage and supply for fuel cell vehicles. It should be noted that when the pressure and temperature at the control valve 45 do not meet the requirements, the hydrogen will return to the heating heat exchanger 52 through the loop for reheating.

[0034] The vehicle-mounted deep-cold and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle of the present invention effectively solves the problems of structural strength, thermal insulation performance, temperature and flow control, etc. of existing hydrogen bottles in deep-cold and high-pressure environments through careful design and coordinated work of various components, and provides a reliable and efficient hydrogen storage and supply solution for fuel cell vehicles, which has broad application prospects and market value.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder, characterized in that: include: A bottle body (10), the bottle body (10) having a containing cavity, the bottle body (10) comprising a gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer (11), an aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer (12), a glass fiber layer (13) and an aluminum foil paper layer (14) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; A pipeline system (40), the pipeline system (40) comprising: an inner bottle pipeline (41), a hydrogenation pipeline (42), a hydrogen delivery pipeline (43), a one-way valve (44), a control valve (45), a tee (46), a loop (47) and a control one-way valve (48), the inner bottle pipeline (41) passes through a joint (30) and is fixedly connected thereto, the pipe mouth being arranged near the inner wall of the bottle body (10); the joint (30) is fixedly mounted on the round head of the bottle body and is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material; the tee (46) is threadedly connected to the pipe mouth of the inner bottle pipeline (41); the upper end of the tee (46) is threadedly connected to the hydrogenation pipeline (42); the lower end of the tee (46) is threadedly connected to the hydrogen delivery pipeline (41); 3) threaded connection; a one-way valve (44) is provided between the hydrogenation pipeline (42) and the three-way connection (46); a control one-way valve (48) is provided between the hydrogen delivery pipeline (43) and the three-way connection (46); the hydrogen flow direction of the one-way valve (44) is from the outside of the hydrogen storage bottle to the inside of the hydrogen storage bottle; the hydrogen delivery pipeline (43) passes through the heating heat exchanger (52), and is heated by the heating heat exchanger (52) and then output; a control valve (45) is provided at the tail of the hydrogen delivery pipeline (43); a loop (47) is provided on the hydrogen delivery pipeline (43) between the heating heat exchanger (52) and the control valve (45); the other end of the loop (47) is fixedly connected to the heating heat exchanger (52); A temperature control system, the temperature control system comprising: a heat exchange tube (21), a coolant (22) and a refrigeration heat exchanger (51); the heat exchange tube (21) is of a circular structure and is suspended inside the bottle body (10); the heat exchange tube (21) passes through a joint (30) and is connected to the refrigeration heat exchanger (51); A detection and control system (60), wherein the detection and control system (60) is provided with a pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal element (61); the pressure sensing and temperature sensing signal element (61) is arranged at the tail end of the pipeline (41) in the bottle and on the hydrogen transmission pipeline (43) between the heating heat exchanger (52) and the control valve (45).

2. The vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Epoxy resin is used to transition between adjacent layers of the gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer (11), the aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer (12), the glass fiber layer (13) and the aluminum foil paper layer (14).

3. The vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas barrier material and carbon fiber composite layer (11) is formed by using high-strength carbon fiber according to a specific winding process, wherein the specific winding process includes alternate winding and mixed winding of the gas barrier material and the carbon fiber material.

4. The vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal conductivity of the aerogel and carbon fiber composite layer (12) is lower than 0.013-0.018 W / (m·K).

5. The vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The glass fiber layer (13) is made of S glass fiber, and the fiber diameter thereof ranges from 8 micrometers to 15 micrometers.

6. The vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control system (20) is a circulation device that is completely sealed inside and outside. The coolant (22) inside is liquid helium with a temperature of about 4.2K. The heat exchange tube (21) is made of TA2 pure titanium material with strong hydrogen embrittlement resistance.

7. A method for using the vehicle-mounted deep-cold high-pressure V-type hydrogen cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Step S1: Check the appearance of the hydrogen cylinder to ensure that the cylinder body has no obvious damage, corrosion or deformation, the cylinder valve and various connection parts are well sealed and have no signs of looseness, check the integrity of the hydrogenation pipeline (42) and the hydrogen transmission pipeline (43), including whether the pipeline is damaged or cracked, whether the joint (30) is firm, and ensure that there is no risk of leakage in the entire hydrogen transmission system. Turn on the detection control system (60) and calibrate the pressure sensor and temperature sensor to ensure that the pressure and temperature data in the cylinder can be accurately measured and that the data transmission to the on-board monitoring system is normal. Check the working status of the cooling heat exchanger (51) and the heating heat exchanger (52) to confirm that their heat exchange efficiency is normal, and that the valves, pump bodies and other components can operate normally and are correctly connected to the control system and can accurately adjust the power according to the instructions; Step S2: hydrogen filling, deep-cold high-pressure hydrogen is injected into the bottle body through the hydrogen filling pipeline (42). During the filling process, the heat insulation structure of the bottle body is used to maintain the low temperature state of the hydrogen, and the pressure and temperature in the bottle are monitored to ensure that the filling process is safe and stable; Step S3: After the filling is completed, the heat insulation structure of the bottle body is continuously used to maintain the low temperature and high pressure state of the hydrogen in the bottle, so as to reduce the temperature and pressure changes of the hydrogen caused by the heat input from the outside. The pressure and temperature data of the hydrogen in the bottle are regularly monitored. By detecting the warning value set by the control system (60), once the pressure or temperature deviates from the safe storage range, an alarm is immediately triggered to remind the operator or the vehicle control system to take corresponding measures; Step S4: hydrogen output. When hydrogen is needed, the hydrogen in the bottle enters the heating heat exchanger (52) under pressure through the hydrogen transmission pipeline (43), is heated to a set temperature by the heat exchanger, and is then output for use. During the hydrogen output process, the heating power of the cooling heat exchanger (51) and the heating heat exchanger (52) are adjusted in real time according to the working requirements of the fuel cell, and the output temperature and flow rate of the hydrogen are accurately controlled to ensure stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell.

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