Head of hydrogen fuel flow pipe type rotational flow combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation power, and discloses a hydrogen fuel flow pipe type rotational flow combustion chamber head which comprises a center rotational flow cup and a main-stage swirler, and the main-stage swirler is arranged on the center rotational flow cup in a sleeving mode. The primary cyclone comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a spiral half-pipe structure, a hydrogen collecting cavity is defined by the inner wall of the outer ring and the outer wall of the inner ring, and a hydrogen spraying rod communicated with the hydrogen collecting cavity is arranged at the front end of the outer ring in the airflow direction. The spiral half-tube structure comprises a plurality of spiral half-tubes, the spiral half-tubes are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the outer part of the outer ring, first air flow channels are formed between the inner walls of the spiral half-tubes and the outer wall of the outer ring, and the outer ring is provided with hydrogen spraying holes corresponding to outlets of the first air flow channels. According to the flow pipe type rotational flow combustion chamber head, the combustion stability of hydrogen fuel is achieved, meanwhile, the mixing quality and spatial distribution uniformity of the hydrogen fuel and air are improved, the highest fuel gas temperature of a combustion area is effectively reduced, and then emission of NOx is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aviation power, relates to the design technology of a hydrogen fuel gas turbine engine, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are two main technical paths to reduce carbon emissions in the aviation power field. One is to make incremental improvements to existing designs to improve fuel efficiency, but the current average fuel efficiency improvement is 2% per year, making it difficult to achieve a true decarbonization goal. The other is transformative development, which is to adopt new energy sources with low carbon emissions and vigorously develop low-carbon / negative carbon energy to replace traditional aviation kerosene.

[0003] Among the current major carbon emission reduction technologies, hydrogen energy power is the most anticipated aviation carbon neutrality technology approach and the ultimate solution to achieve net zero emissions. Hydrogen energy has the following characteristics: the energy density (calorific value) of liquid hydrogen is 2.78 times that of traditional aviation kerosene; no carbon oxides and smoke are produced during the combustion process, that is, the amount of carbon dioxide released by burning hydrogen is zero, and zero carbon emissions can be achieved; it has high thermal stability and high heat sink, and is a more ideal cooling medium for aviation power, which is beneficial to engine thermal management

[0004] At present, common hydrogen combustion organization modes include micro-mixed premixed combustion and micro-mixed non-premixed combustion. Among them, micro-mixed premixed combustion refers to the pre-mixing of hydrogen and air in the microchannel, and the mixed gas is ejected through the same nozzle together. The use of premixed combustion can effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides from hydrogen combustion. Under the condition of generating the same heat, the generation of nitrogen oxides from hydrogen premixed combustion can be reduced to 1 / 20 of aviation kerosene. However, the activity of hydrogen in the premixed reaction and the higher flame speed make the flame front thinner and make it easier for the flame to move upstream, which will increase the risk of flashback. Micro-mixed non-premixed combustion is a new type of combustion mode, also known as diffusion combustion. Hydrogen and air pass through the jet channel at high speed respectively, and hydrogen is injected at the air outlet. The two are mixed and burned at the outlet of the microchannel. Compared with premixed combustion, diffusion combustion can avoid the "flashback" problem of hydrogen combustion and improve combustion efficiency and stability. However, diffusion combustion will also be accompanied by higher nitrogen oxide emissions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems of flashback problem in traditional micro-mixed premixed combustion mode and uneven mixing and high nitrogen oxide emissions in micro-mixed non-premixed combustion mode, the present invention discloses a hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head, the flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head comprises a central swirl cup and a main-stage swirler, and the main-stage swirler is sleeved on the central swirl cup.

[0006] The primary cyclone comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a spiral half-tube structure, the inner wall of the outer ring and the outer wall of the inner ring form a hydrogen collecting cavity, and a hydrogen spray rod connected to the hydrogen collecting cavity is provided at the front end of the outer ring along the airflow direction.

[0007] The spiral half-tube structure includes a plurality of spiral half-tubes, which are uniformly arranged on the outside of the outer ring in a circumferential direction, and a first air flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the spiral half-tube and the outer wall of the outer ring. The outer ring is provided with a hydrogen spray hole corresponding to the outlet of each of the first air flow channels.

[0008] Furthermore, the angle between the outlet of the first air flow channel and the axis of the central swirl cup is 0-60°.

[0009] Furthermore, the relationship between the number and radius of the spiral half-tubes and the air flow rate is: Wherein, Wa is the air flow rate input to the first air flow channel, Cd is the spiral half-tube air flow coefficient, d is the spiral half-tube radius, and n is the number of spiral half-tubes.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance between the hydrogen spray hole and the outlet of the first air flow channel is 1 to 3 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, a U-shaped groove is circumferentially provided at the connection position of the outer ring and the inner ring at the end along the airflow direction, and the height of the tongue at the end of the U-shaped groove along the airflow direction is smaller than the height of the front end of the U-shaped groove along the airflow direction.

[0012] Furthermore, a straight tube is sleeved on the outside of the spiral half-tube structure, and a second air flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the straight tube and the spiral half-tube structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the central cyclone cup comprises a cyclone, a venturi tube and a central cone, the cyclone is arranged on the periphery of the central cone, and the venturi tube is coaxially sleeved outside the cyclone.

[0014] Furthermore, the swirler includes a plurality of straight blades or curved blades.

[0015] Furthermore, the front dead point of the recirculation zone of the central swirl cup is obtained, and the distance between the downstream end face of the central cone and the throat of the upper expansion and contraction section of the venturi is determined based on the constraint condition that the front dead point of the recirculation zone does not contact the downstream end face of the central cone.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by at least one of the above technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this specification include at least: the hydrogen fuel flow tube swirl combustion chamber head of the present invention, the combustion chamber head is mainly composed of three parts: the central swirl cup, the main stage swirler (including the hydrogen gas collecting chamber, the spiral half-tube structure and the straight tube, etc.) and the hydrogen spray rod. The central swirl cup is composed of a central cone and its coaxial swirler and venturi surrounding the outer ring; the hydrogen spray rod and the main stage swirler can be designed in an integrated manner. The morphology of the recirculation zone is controlled by the joint action of the central swirl cup and the main stage swirler; the number of spiral half-tubes of the main stage swirler corresponds to the number of downstream hydrogen spray holes. Each spiral half-tube is paired with each hydrogen spray hole, so that air and hydrogen are directly mixed, and semi-premixed or diffused combustion is carried out downstream, which can achieve full and uniform mixing of hydrogen fuel and air before combustion, effectively avoiding the concentration of hydrogen concentration and the generation of chemically appropriate combustion zones, thereby reducing the formation of local hot spots during the combustion process, and further reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the head of the hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of the head of a hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Among them, 1. outer ring; 2. inner ring; 10. U-shaped groove; 11. cyclone; 12. venturi tube; 13. center cone; 14. spiral half tube; 15. hydrogen spray hole; 16. hydrogen gas collecting cavity; 17. straight cylinder; 18. tongue; 19. hydrogen spray rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] The following describes the implementation methods of the present application through specific specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] In the description of this embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the invention.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0025] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present disclosure. The illustrations only show components related to the present disclosure rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head, the flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head comprises a central swirl cup and a main stage swirler, the main stage swirler is sleeved on the central swirl cup.

[0027] Among them, see Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the primary cyclone includes an outer ring 1, an inner ring 2 and a spiral half-tube structure. The inner wall of the outer ring 1 and the outer wall of the inner ring 2 form a hydrogen collecting chamber 16. A hydrogen spray rod 19 connected to the hydrogen collecting chamber 16 is provided on the front end of the outer ring 1 along the airflow direction.

[0028] The spiral half-tube structure includes a plurality of spiral half-tubes 14, which are uniformly arranged on the outside of the outer ring 1 in a circumferential direction, and a first air flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the spiral half-tube 14 and the outer wall of the outer ring 1. The outer ring 1 is provided with a hydrogen spray hole 15 corresponding to the outlet of each of the first air flow channels.

[0029] In specific implementation, each spiral half-tube 14 is paired with each hydrogen nozzle 15, so that air and hydrogen can be directly mixed, and semi-premixed or diffused combustion is performed downstream, which can achieve full and uniform mixing of hydrogen fuel and air before combustion, effectively avoiding the concentration of hydrogen concentration and the generation of a chemically appropriate combustion zone, thereby reducing the formation of local hot spots during the combustion process, and further reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. While achieving the combustion stability of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber, the present invention improves the mixing quality and spatial distribution uniformity of hydrogen fuel and air, effectively reduces the maximum gas temperature in the combustion zone, and further reduces NO x emissions.

[0030] Further, see Figure 2 As shown, the angle between the outlet of the first air flow channel and the axis of the central swirl cup is 0-60°. In specific implementation, the angle can be determined according to the swirl intensity of the airflow.

[0031] Furthermore, the relationship between the number and radius of the spiral half pipes 14 and the air flow rate is: Wherein, Wa is the air flow rate input to the first air flow channel, Cd is the spiral half-tube air flow coefficient, d is the spiral half-tube radius, and n is the number of spiral half-tubes.

[0032] Furthermore, the distance between the hydrogen spray hole 15 and the outlet of the first air flow channel is 1 to 3 mm.

[0033] Further, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a U-shaped groove 10 is circumferentially provided at the connection position of the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2 at the end along the airflow direction, and the height of the tongue 18 at the end of the U-shaped groove 10 along the airflow direction is smaller than the height of the front end of the U-shaped groove 10 along the airflow direction.

[0034] Further, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a straight tube 17 is sleeved on the outside of the spiral half-tube structure, and a second air flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the straight tube 17 and the spiral half-tube structure.

[0035] Furthermore, the central swirl cup realizes the stable combustion of the hydrogen fuel combustion flame, and the main stage realizes the full and uniform mixing of hydrogen fuel and air before combustion, effectively avoiding the concentration of hydrogen and the formation of chemically appropriate combustion areas, thereby reducing the formation of local hot spots during the combustion process, and further reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. Figure 1 As shown, the central cyclone cup includes a cyclone 11, a venturi 12 and a central cone 13, wherein the cyclone 11 is arranged at the periphery of the central cone 13, and the venturi 12 is coaxially sleeved outside the cyclone 11. Specifically, the central cyclone cup is composed of one or more stages of axial or radial cyclones and contraction-expansion sections, wherein the center of the cyclone is the central cone 13, and the blades of the cyclone 11 grow on the surface of the central cone.

[0036] Furthermore, the swirler 11 includes a plurality of straight blades or curved blades.

[0037] Furthermore, the front dead point of the recirculation zone of the central swirl cup is obtained, and based on the constraint condition that the front dead point of the recirculation zone does not contact the downstream end face of the central cone 13, the distance between the downstream end face of the central cone 13 and the throat of the expansion and contraction section on the venturi tube 12 is determined. The setting of the throat of the expansion and contraction section on the venturi tube 12 can prevent the "backfire" problem of hydrogen combustion.

[0038] The hydrogen fuel flow tube swirl combustion chamber head of the present invention is mainly composed of three parts: a central swirl cup, a main-stage swirler (including a hydrogen gas collecting chamber, a spiral half-tube structure, and a straight tube, etc.) and a hydrogen spray rod. The central swirl cup is composed of a central cone and a swirler and a venturi coaxially surrounding the outer ring; the hydrogen spray rod and the main-stage swirler can be designed in an integrated manner. The morphology of the recirculation zone is controlled by the joint action of the central swirl cup and the main-stage swirler; the number of spiral half-tubes of the main-stage swirler corresponds to the number of downstream hydrogen spray holes. Each spiral half-tube is paired with each hydrogen spray hole, so that air and hydrogen are directly mixed, and semi-premixed or diffused combustion is carried out downstream, which can achieve full and uniform mixing of hydrogen fuel and air before combustion, effectively avoiding the concentration of hydrogen concentration and the generation of a chemically appropriate ratio combustion zone, thereby reducing the formation of local hot spots during the combustion process, and further reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides.

[0039] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head, comprising a central swirl cup and a primary swirler, wherein the primary swirler is sleeved on the central swirl cup, characterized in that: The primary cyclone comprises an outer ring (1), an inner ring (2) and a spiral half-tube structure, wherein the inner wall of the outer ring (1) and the outer wall of the inner ring (2) form a hydrogen gas collecting cavity (16), and a hydrogen spray rod (19) connected to the hydrogen gas collecting cavity (16) is provided at the front end of the outer ring (1) along the airflow direction; The spiral half-tube structure comprises a plurality of spiral half-tubes (14), wherein the plurality of spiral half-tubes (14) are uniformly arranged on the outside of the outer ring (1) in a circumferential direction, a first air flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the spiral half-tube (14) and the outer wall of the outer ring (1), and the outer ring (1) is provided with a hydrogen spray hole (15) corresponding to an outlet of each of the first air flow channels.

2. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the outlet of the first air flow channel and the axis of the central swirl cup is 0-60°.

3. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the number and radius of the spiral half-tubes (14) and the air flow rate is: Wherein, Wa is the air flow rate input to the first air flow channel, Cd is the spiral half-tube air flow coefficient, d is the spiral half-tube radius, and n is the number of spiral half-tubes.

4. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the hydrogen spray hole (15) and the outlet of the first air flow channel is 1 to 3 mm.

5. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 1, characterized in that: A U-shaped groove (10) is circumferentially provided at the connection position of the outer ring (1) and the inner ring (2) at the end in the airflow direction, and the height of the tongue piece (18) at the end in the airflow direction of the U-shaped groove (10) is smaller than the height of the front end in the airflow direction of the U-shaped groove (10).

6. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A straight tube (17) is sleeved on the outside of the spiral half-tube structure, and a second air flow channel is formed between the inner wall of the straight tube (17) and the spiral half-tube structure.

7. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central cyclone cup comprises a cyclone (11), a venturi tube (12) and a central cone (13); the cyclone (11) is arranged on the outer periphery of the central cone (13), and the venturi tube (12) is coaxially sleeved outside the cyclone (11).

8. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The swirler (11) comprises a plurality of straight blades or curved blades.

9. The hydrogen fuel flow tube type swirl combustion chamber head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The front dead point of the recirculation zone of the central swirl cup is obtained, and the distance between the downstream end surface of the central cone (13) and the throat of the upper expansion and contraction section of the venturi (12) is determined based on the constraint condition that the front dead point of the recirculation zone does not contact the downstream end surface of the central cone (13).

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