High-ground-temperature tunnel circulating refrigeration device and cooling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a high-ground-temperature tunnel circulating refrigeration device and a cooling method. High-altitude geographical advantages are combined with water stored in the water storage tower to dissolve high-mountain ice and snow into low-temperature ice water, and circulating water is formed by taking the water pump as power; meanwhile, hot air outside the tunnel is extracted through a jet fan, energy exchange between the hot air outside the tunnel and low-temperature ice water is achieved at the position of a heat exchange pipeline, and therefore the hot air outside the tunnel is reduced into cold air; furthermore, the cold air and the hot air outside the tunnel are fused, the requirement for the air volume needed by the tunnel can be met, the cold air can be conveyed to the high-temperature working face to achieve tunnel cooling, cooling capacity transmission of high mountain ice and snow to the high-temperature environment in the tunnel is achieved, a good working environment is provided for constructors and construction equipment, and the construction progress is accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a circulating refrigeration device and a cooling method for a high ground temperature tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of transportation infrastructure construction in geothermal resource-rich areas such as Sichuan, Tibet, Chongqing and Hunan, especially the construction of highway tunnels and railway tunnels, which have to pass through rock layers hundreds or even thousands of meters underground, high-temperature rock layers and construction machinery continue to accumulate heat into the tunnel environment, further causing problems such as high temperature and harsh environment inside the tunnel, posing a serious threat to the safety, health and work efficiency of construction personnel. Working in a high-temperature environment for a long time will not only cause excessive physical exhaustion of construction personnel, frequent symptoms of heat stroke, and increase the risk of occupational diseases, but also seriously affect the quality and progress of construction. In addition, a high-temperature environment will accelerate the loss of construction equipment and building materials, increase maintenance costs, and shorten service life.

[0003] At present, in order to reduce the ambient temperature in high-geotemperature tunnels, the main methods used include ventilation cooling, ice making cooling, spraying and watering cooling, air conditioning cooling, etc. For example, the Chinese patent document with the announcement number CN115717789A provides a high-geotemperature tunnel surrounding rock heat extraction pressurized absorption cooling and cooling system, whose structure includes a surrounding rock heat extraction system, a control transmission system, an absorption refrigeration system and an air cooler cooling system. This technology uses the surrounding rock heat extraction system to contact and exchange heat with the high-temperature surrounding rock and transfer the heat to the absorption refrigeration system. The air cooler cooling system exchanges cold with the absorption refrigeration system to achieve a cooling effect and deliver cold air to the high-temperature working surface. The technology disclosed in this patent document is to utilize the heat damage of high-geotemperature tunnels as a resource, which can achieve low-energy or even energy-free tunnel construction cooling, and can effectively solve a series of problems such as excessively high temperatures during high-geotemperature tunnel construction. After exploration and analysis, the technology disclosed in the patent document has the following disadvantages when it is actually used: (1) In the refrigeration and cooling system described in the technology disclosed in the patent document, it is required to lay multiple heat exchange tube groups inside the rock layer. This operation requires the delicate operation of the construction personnel and the close cooperation of the engineering machinery. However, in the face of the narrow working space inside the tunnel, during the laying of the heat exchange tube group, common construction equipment such as three-arm rock drilling rigs, watering trucks and slag trucks are difficult to reach the face area to continue their regular excavation operations, which inevitably affects the construction progress of the face and eventually slows down the overall project progress. (2) The applicability of the system may be limited by geological conditions. In some tunnels with complex geological structures or poor surrounding rock stability, the laying of heat exchange tube groups may encounter difficulties. (3) When the tunnel surrounding rock has relatively developed joints and fissures and the groundwater is abundant and the water quality is poor, the unit modules of the system are all located in the surrounding rock, which is very likely to cause pipeline corrosion, thereby affecting the cooling effect and stability of the system.

[0004] Therefore, considering that some high-altitude mountainous areas with an altitude of 2000m to 3000m are covered with snow all year round, combined with the utilization of space inside the cave, the long-term use of equipment and the resource utilization inside and outside the cave, it is urgent to study a refrigeration and cooling device arranged outside the cave. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problem described in the above background technology that resources cannot be utilized inside and outside the tunnel during tunnel construction in high-altitude areas, resulting in resource waste, the present invention proposes a high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration device and cooling method.

[0006] The present invention takes advantage of the geographical conditions of high altitude areas. During the tunnel construction process, the ice and snow on the mountain are used as a cold source, and the ice water after the phase change of ice and snow is used as low-temperature ice water. Compared with ordinary low-temperature ice water, the ice water after the phase change of ice and snow has a lower temperature and a better cooling effect, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the high-temperature environment inside the tunnel by the low-temperature environment outside the tunnel, providing a better working environment for construction personnel and construction equipment, speeding up the construction progress, ensuring the safety of construction personnel, and will not affect the construction process.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention discloses a high ground temperature tunnel circulating refrigeration device, comprising a refrigerating water unit, a jet fan, an air cooling system, a water storage tower, a filter, an axial flow fan and a tunnel ventilation pipe, wherein the refrigerating water unit, the filter, the air cooling system and the water storage tower are sequentially connected along the flow direction of cooling circulating water; the jet fan is connected to the air cooling system; the air cooling system, the axial flow fan and the tunnel ventilation pipe are sequentially connected along the flow direction of cold air;

[0009] The refrigeration water unit is used to break up ice and snow and transform the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water;

[0010] The filter is used to effectively purify impurities in low-temperature ice water, thereby ensuring smooth water circulation pipelines;

[0011] The air cooling system is used to provide a heat exchange place between low-temperature ice water and hot air outside the cave, cool down the hot air outside the cave, and form cold air;

[0012] The water storage tower is used to add thawing agent to the refrigerating water unit to accelerate the melting of ice and snow when the conversion of low-temperature ice water is insufficient.

[0013] It is further defined that the refrigeration water unit includes a partitioned flow guide component, a rotating blade rod assembly, a spray system, a water collecting tank, a first pipeline and a unit casing, wherein the spray system, the partitioned flow guide component, the rotating blade rod assembly and the water collecting tank are all arranged in the unit casing and are sequentially distributed from top to bottom along the axial direction of the unit casing; the spray system is connected to the water storage tower; the water collecting tank is connected to the air cooling system through the first pipeline;

[0014] The spray system is used to spray circulating water containing defrosting agent into the shell of the unit;

[0015] The partitioned flow guiding member is used to initially crush the ice and snow added into the unit casing and to guide the initially crushed ice and snow so that the ice and snow are evenly distributed in the unit casing;

[0016] The rotating blade rod assembly is used to crush the initially crushed ice and snow again under the action of rotating stirring, thereby increasing the contact area between the ice and snow and the thawing agent and accelerating the melting speed of the ice and snow.

[0017] It is further defined that the refrigeration water unit also includes a hydraulic door and a hydraulic push rod, the hydraulic door is placed at the top opening position of the unit casing, and the spray system is arranged on the hydraulic door; the hydraulic push rod is connected between the hydraulic door and the unit casing.

[0018] It is further defined that the partition flow guide component is a streamlined structure, and the central axis of the partition flow guide component is a chord formed by twisting the lower end face 180° relative to the upper end face, wherein the chord length of the chord is 0.5h, and the chord height of the chord is a1, a1=0.1h, h is the height of the partition flow guide component, unit: m.

[0019] It is further defined that the air cooling system includes a heat exchange pipe, a truss foundation and a unit casing, wherein the heat exchange pipe is placed in the unit casing, and the truss foundation is located at the bottom of the unit casing; wherein the heat exchange pipe provides an exchange place for heat exchange between low-temperature ice water and hot air outside the cave, the hot air outside the cave is introduced by a jet fan, and the heat exchange pipe is formed by a plurality of heat exchange pipes connected in sequence from front to back;

[0020] Among them, the cold air temperature T1 after the hot air outside the cave passes through the air cooling system is:

[0021]

[0022] T1 is the cold air temperature after the hot air outside the tunnel passes through the air cooling system, unit: °C; T0 is the temperature of the hot air outside the tunnel, unit: °C; ∪ is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange tube, unit: W / m 2 ℃; A is the heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange tube, unit: m 2 ; T cis the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: °C; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system, unit: m 3 / s; ρ is the density of the hot air outside the cave, unit: kg / m3; c2 is the specific heat capacity of the hot air outside the cave, unit: J / kg·℃.

[0023] It is further defined that the axial flow fan combines the cold air with the hot air outside the tunnel and transmits them together to the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction;

[0024] Among them, the initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation duct is T IN for:

[0025] T IN =η·T1+(1-η)·T o (2)

[0026] Where, T IN is the initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: °C; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, with a value of 0.6; T1 is the cold air temperature of the hot air outside the tunnel after passing through the air cooling system, unit: °C; T o is the temperature of the hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃;

[0027] The cold air cooled by the air cooling system reaches the temperature T of the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction. OUT for:

[0028]

[0029] Where, T IN is the initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: °C; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, with a value of 0.6; ΔT is the temperature drop per unit length of the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: °C / m; L2 is the length of the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: m; ∪ is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange tube, unit: W / m 2 ℃; A is the heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange tube, unit: m 2 ; T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: °C; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system, unit: m 3 / s; ρ is the density of the hot air outside the cave, unit: kg / m3; c2 is the specific heat capacity of the hot air outside the cave, unit: J / kg·℃; T o It is the temperature of hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃.

[0030] It is further defined that the filter is connected to the air cooling system through a second pipe, and a cold water temperature meter is provided on the second pipe; the air cooling system is connected to the water storage tower through a third pipe, and a hot water temperature meter is provided on the third pipe; the monitored temperatures of the cold water temperature meter and the hot water temperature meter are compared with the standard temperature to determine whether it is necessary to add circulating water containing defrost to the refrigeration water unit.

[0031] Further limiting, the judgment criteria are:

[0032] T c ≤T h -x;T c <T0 (4)

[0033] Where, T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: ℃; T h is the hot water temperature in the heat exchange tube, unit: °C; T o is the temperature of the hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃; x is the compensation parameter, unit: ℃, the value is 5℃.

[0034] It is further defined that the air cooling system is connected to the axial flow fan through a connecting air duct;

[0035] The constraints of formula (1) to formula (4) include:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, Q 轴流 is the air volume of the axial flow fan, m 3 / s; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, and the value is 0.6; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system, unit: m 3 / s; S1 is the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting air duct, unit: m 2 ; S2 is the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation pipe, unit: m 2 .

[0038] A high geothermal tunnel circulation cooling method of the present invention is applied to the above-mentioned high geothermal tunnel circulation refrigeration device, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1: Add low-temperature ice and snow into the chiller, use the partitioned flow guide components and the rotating blade rod assembly to break the ice and snow, and transform the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water;

[0040] S2: Use a water pump to transport the low-temperature ice water in step S1 to the filter, air cooling system, water storage tower, and spray system in sequence to make it into circulating water. In the heat exchange pipe of the air cooling system, the hot air outside the cave and the low-temperature ice water are exchanged with each other to cool the hot air outside the cave into cold air.

[0041] S3: The cold air is combined with the hot air outside the tunnel according to the air volume ratio and then transported to the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction through the tunnel ventilation pipe, thereby replacing the hot air in the tunnel under construction;

[0042] S4: Based on step S3, the temperature of the low-temperature ice water after heat exchange is increased to be converted into high-temperature hot water, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the water storage tower to dissolve the thawing agent to form circulating water containing the thawing agent, and the circulating water containing the thawing agent is sprayed into the refrigeration water unit through the spraying system to provide heat for the phase change of the low-temperature ice and snow;

[0043] S5: During the tunnel construction process, steps S2 to S4 are repeated to achieve cyclic cooling of the high ground temperature tunnel.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. The present invention provides a high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration device, which utilizes the geographical advantages of high altitude areas, combines with water storage towers to store water to dissolve mountain ice and snow into low-temperature ice water, and uses a water pump as power to form circulating water; at the same time, a jet fan is used to extract hot air outside the tunnel, and energy exchange between the hot air outside the tunnel and the low-temperature ice water is realized at the position of the heat exchange pipeline, thereby reducing the hot air outside the tunnel to cold air; further, the cold air is merged with the hot air outside the tunnel, which can not only meet the tunnel air volume requirements, but also transport the cold air to the high-temperature working surface to achieve tunnel cooling, thereby realizing the cold energy transfer from mountain ice and snow to the high-temperature environment in the tunnel, providing a good working environment for construction personnel and construction equipment, and accelerating the construction progress; and the present invention does not need to lay too many pipelines in the tunnel under construction, and will not affect the construction.

[0046] 2. The present invention arranges a partitioned flow guide component, a rotating blade rod assembly and a spray system in the unit casing. The spray system is used to spray thawing agent into the unit casing. The partitioned flow guide component is used to initially crush the ice and snow added into the unit casing and to conduct flow diversion so that the ice and snow are evenly distributed in the unit casing to prevent the ice and snow from piling up and being difficult to melt. At the same time, the ice and snow that have been initially crushed are crushed again by the rotating blade rod assembly to increase the contact area between the ice and snow and the thawing agent and accelerate the melting rate of the ice and snow.

[0047] 3. The present invention is provided with a hot water thermometer on the third pipe and a cold water thermometer on the second pipe. The amount of thawing agent provided in the refrigerating water unit is determined by the temperature difference measured by the cold water thermometer and the hot water thermometer, and the supply amount of the thawing agent can be adjusted more flexibly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high ground temperature tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling system of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2A top view of the high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling system of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 It is a front view of the high ground temperature tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling system of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view along plane BB;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic door on the top of the chiller;

[0053] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the sprinkler system;

[0054] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rotating blade rod assembly;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the water circulation system;

[0056] Fig. 9 for Figure 2 Sectional view along the AA plane;

[0057] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a partition diversion component;

[0058] Among them, 10-refrigeration water unit; 11-hydraulic door; 12-hydraulic push rod; 13-partition guide component; 14-rotating blade rod assembly; 15-water collection tank; 16-first pipeline; 17-spray system; 18-unit casing; 20-jet fan; 21-jet fan blades; 22-jet fan wall; 23-first support frame; 30-air cooling system; 31-heat exchange pipeline; 32-truss foundation; 33-unit casing; 40-filter; 41-water pump; 42-second pipeline; 43-cold water temperature gauge; 50-water storage tower; 51-third pipeline; 52-fourth pipeline; 53-hot water temperature gauge; 60-axial flow fan; 61-axial flow fan wall; 62-axial flow fan blades; 63-third support frame; 70-tunnel ventilation pipe; 71-connecting air duct; 80-tunnel under construction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the implementation modes described below.

[0060] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The present invention discloses a high ground temperature tunnel circulating refrigeration device and cooling method, comprising a chiller 10, a jet fan 20, an air cooling system 30, a water storage tower 50, a filter 40, an axial flow fan 60 and a tunnel ventilation pipe 70, wherein the chiller 10, the filter 40, the air cooling system 30 and the water storage tower 50 are sequentially connected along the flow direction of the cooling circulating water; the jet fan 20 is connected to the air cooling system 30; the air cooling system 30, the axial flow fan 60 and the tunnel ventilation pipe 70 are sequentially connected along the flow direction of the cold air; the chiller 10 is used to break ice and snow and change the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water; the filter 40 is used to effectively purify impurities in the low-temperature ice water, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of the water circulation pipeline; the air cooling system 30 is used to provide a heat exchange place between the low-temperature ice water and the hot air outside the cave, cool the hot air outside the cave, and form cold air; the water storage tower 50 is used to add a thawing agent to the chiller 10 to accelerate the melting of ice and snow when the low-temperature ice water is insufficiently converted. Specifically, the inlet of the refrigerating water unit 10 is the inlet for adding ice and snow, the outlet of the refrigerating water unit 10 is connected to the inlet of the air cooling system 30, and the outlet of the air cooling system 30 is connected to the inlet of the water storage tower 50. The water storage tower 50 is provided with a first outlet and a second outlet. The first outlet of the water storage tower 50 is connected to the refrigerating water unit 10 for providing thawing agent to the refrigerating water unit 10, and the second outlet of the water storage tower 50 is used to discharge excess hot water. The refrigerating water unit 10 is used to crush the ice and snow and change the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water; the phase change of ice and snow is lower than that of ordinary low-temperature ice water, which is more conducive to air cooling. The air cooling system 30 is a heat exchange component between low-temperature ice water and hot air outside the cave. The hot air outside the cave is cooled by low-temperature ice water to form cold air; the air cooling system 30 transports the cooled cold air to the tunnel 80 under construction through the tunnel ventilation pipe 70 to replace the hot air in the tunnel 80 under construction.

[0061] See also Figure 8 In the present invention, the air cooling system 30 includes a heat exchange pipe 31 and a unit shell 33. The heat exchange pipe 31 is placed in the unit shell 33. The inlet of the heat exchange pipe 31 is connected to the first pipe 16, and the outlet of the heat exchange pipe 31 is connected to the water storage tower 50. The air in the unit shell 33 is cooled to cold air after passing through the heat exchange pipe 31. There is an angle between the flow direction of the air and the plane where the heat exchange pipe 31 is located. The angle can ensure effective heat exchange between the heat exchange pipe 31 and the air. A truss foundation 32 is provided at the bottom of the heat exchange pipe 31. The truss foundation 32 is used to fix the heat exchange pipe 31 in the unit shell 33. The heat exchange pipe 31 is formed by a plurality of heat exchange pipes connected in sequence from front to back.

[0062] Among them, the cold air temperature T1 of the hot air outside the cave after passing through the air cooling system 30 is:

[0063]

[0064] T1 is the cold air temperature after the hot air outside the tunnel passes through the air cooling system for 30 minutes, unit: °C; T0 is the temperature of the hot air outside the tunnel, unit: °C; ∪ is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange tube, unit: W / m 2 ℃; A is the heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange tube, unit: m 2 ; T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: °C; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system 30, unit: m 3 / s; ρ is the density of the hot air outside the cave, unit: kg / m3; c2 is the specific heat capacity of the hot air outside the cave, unit: J / kg·℃.

[0065] In the present invention, the cooling system is built on the mountain. When the cooling system is running, the ice and snow on the mountain can be transported to the location of the cooling system through transportation vehicles or transportation pipelines, and dumped into the chilled water unit 10.

[0066] The high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling system of the present invention also includes a connecting air duct 71, and the jet fan 20 is connected to the air cooling system 30 through the connecting air duct 71. The jet fan 20 is used to accelerate the flow of air and draw air to the air cooling system 30; the filter 40 is connected to the connecting pipe between the first pipe 16 and the air cooling system 30, and the filter 40 is used to effectively purify impurities in the low-temperature ice water melted by ice and snow, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of the water circulation pipeline; the jet fan 20 includes a jet fan blade 21 and a jet fan wall 22, the jet fan blade 21 is arranged on the inner side of the jet fan wall 22, and a first support frame 23 is arranged below the jet fan wall 22, and the first support frame 23 is used to support the jet fan 20 to ensure the stability of the jet fan 20. The axial flow fan 60 includes an axial flow fan wall 61 and axial flow fan blades 62. The axial flow fan blades 62 are arranged in the axial flow fan wall 61. A third support frame 63 is arranged below the axial flow fan wall 61. The third support frame 63 is used to support the axial flow fan 60. Fig. 9 The outlet of the air cooling system 30 is connected to the inlet of the axial flow fan 60 through the connecting air duct 71, and the outlet of the axial flow fan 60 is connected to the tunnel ventilation pipe 70. The axial flow fan 60 combines the cold air and the hot air outside the tunnel and transmits them to the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel 80 under construction.

[0067] The initial temperature T in the tunnel ventilation duct 70 is IN satisfy:

[0068] T IN =η·T1+(1-η)·T o (2)

[0069] Where, T INis the initial temperature in the tunnel ventilation duct 70, unit: °C; η is the air volume ratio, dimensionless, generally 0.3 to 0.7, preferably 0.6; T1 is the air temperature in the first ventilation duct after passing through the air cooling system 30, °C; T o is the ambient temperature, unit: ℃.

[0070] Temperature T at the working surface of the tunnel under construction 80 OUT for:

[0071]

[0072] Where, T IN is the initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: °C; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, with a value of 0.6; ΔT is the temperature drop per unit length of the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: °C / m; L2 is the length of the tunnel ventilation duct, unit: m; ∪ is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange tube, unit: W / m 2 ℃; A is the heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange tube, unit: m 2 ; T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: °C; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system 30, unit: m 3 / s; ρ is the density of the hot air outside the cave, unit: kg / m3; c2 is the specific heat capacity of the hot air outside the cave, unit: J / kg·℃; T o It is the temperature of hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃.

[0073] In the present invention, the filter 40 is connected to the air cooling system 30 through the second pipe 42, and a cold water temperature meter 43 is provided on the second pipe 42; the air cooling system 30 is connected to the water storage tower 50 through the third pipe 51, and a hot water temperature meter 53 is provided on the third pipe 51; the monitoring temperatures of the cold water temperature meter 43 and the hot water temperature meter 53 are compared with the standard temperature to determine whether it is necessary to add circulating water containing defrost to the chilled water unit 10; a fourth pipe 52 is provided on the chilled water unit 10, and the fourth pipe 52 is used to discharge excess water in the chilled water unit 10.

[0074] The criteria for judging whether it is necessary to add circulating water containing defrosting agent to the chiller 10 are:

[0075] T c ≤T h -x;T c <T0 (4)

[0076] Where, T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: ℃; T h is the hot water temperature in the heat exchange tube, unit: °C; T ois the temperature of the hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃; x is the compensation parameter, unit: ℃, the value is 5℃.

[0077] In the present invention, the air cooling system 30 is connected to the axial flow fan 60 through the connecting air duct 71;

[0078] The constraints of formula (1) to formula (4) include:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, Q 轴流 is the air volume of axial flow fan 60, m 3 / s; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, with a value of 0.6; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system 30, unit: m 3 / s; S1 is the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting air duct 71, unit: m 2 ; S2 is the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation pipe 70, in m 2 .

[0081] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the present invention, the chiller 10 includes a partition flow guide member 13, a rotating blade rod assembly 14, a spray system 17, a water collecting tank 15, a first pipe 16 and a unit housing 18. The spray system 17, the partition flow guide member 13, the rotating blade rod assembly 14 and the water collecting tank 15 are arranged in the unit housing 18 and are sequentially distributed from top to bottom along the axial direction of the unit housing 18; the spray system 17 is connected to the water storage tower 50; and the water collecting tank 15 is connected to the air cooling system 30 through the first pipe 16. Specifically, the spray system 17 is arranged at the top opening of the unit housing 18 and sprays toward the partition flow guide member 13; the partition flow guide member 13 is close to the top opening of the unit housing 18, the rotating blade rod assembly 14 is arranged below the partition flow guide member 13, the water collecting tank 15 is arranged below the partition flow guide member 13, the inlet of the water collecting tank 15 faces the rotating blade rod assembly 14, and the outlet of the water collecting tank 15 is connected to the first pipe 16. The spray system 17 is used to spray thawing agent onto the ice and snow in the unit casing 18; the partition guide component 13 is used to initially crush the ice and snow added to the unit casing 18, and to guide the initially crushed ice and snow so that the ice and snow are evenly distributed in the unit casing 18; the rotating blade rod assembly 14 is used to crush the initially crushed ice and snow again under the action of stirring, thereby increasing the contact area between the ice and snow and the thawing agent and accelerating the melting rate of the ice and snow.

[0082] See also Fig.10, the partition flow guide member 13 is a streamline structure; the central axis of the partition flow guide member 13 is a chord formed by twisting the lower end face 180° relative to the upper end face, wherein the chord length of the chord is 0.5h, the chord height of the chord is a1, a1=0.1h, and h is the height of the partition flow guide member 13. Take three inflection points on the partition flow guide member 13, namely inflection point 1, inflection point 2 and inflection point 3, and draw straight lines with an angle of 45° with the chord along inflection point 1, inflection point 2 and inflection point 3, respectively, to form straight lines a2, a3 and a4, wherein the chord height of the inflection point a2=0.1h, the chord height of the inflection point a3=0.1h, and the chord height of the inflection point a4=0.08h.

[0083] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the present invention, the chiller 10 further comprises a hydraulic door 11, which is disposed at the top opening of the unit housing 18, and the spray system 17 is arranged on the hydraulic door 11. Figure 6 The nozzle of the spray system 17 is fixed on the hydraulic door 11, and sprays thawing agent toward the ice and snow in the unit housing 18. The nozzle is similar to a shower structure. Specifically, a hydraulic push rod 12 is provided at the hydraulic door 11. The fixed end of the hydraulic push rod 12 is fixed on the unit housing 18, and the movable end of the hydraulic push rod 12 is connected to the hydraulic door 11. The hydraulic push rod 12 can control the opening or closing of the hydraulic door 11.

[0084] See also Figure 7 The rotating blade rod assembly 14 is composed of multiple groups of rotating rods arranged along the radial direction of the unit casing 18. The rotating rods are rotatably connected to the unit casing 18 through bearings. Each rotating rod is provided with multiple groups of blades. The blades are similar to curved surface tools. Two adjacent rotating rods can squeeze the falling ice and snow, and the blades can cut and crush the falling ice and snow.

[0085] The present invention provides a high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling method, which is applied to the above-mentioned high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling system, and comprises the following steps:

[0086] S1: adding ice and snow from the surrounding mountainous areas to the refrigeration water unit 10, crushing the ice and snow through the refrigeration water unit 10, and transforming the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water;

[0087] S2: Use the water pump 41 to sequentially transport the low-temperature ice water in step S1 to the filter 40, the air cooling system 30, the water storage tower 50, and the spray system 17 to make it into circulating water. In the heat exchange pipe 31 of the air cooling system 30, the hot air outside the cave and the low-temperature ice water are heat-exchanged to cool the hot air outside the cave into cold air.

[0088] S3: The cold air is combined with the hot air outside the tunnel according to the air volume ratio and then transported to the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction 80 through the tunnel ventilation pipe 70, thereby replacing the hot air in the tunnel under construction 80;

[0089] S4: Based on step S3, the temperature of the low-temperature ice water after heat exchange is increased to be converted into high-temperature hot water, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the water storage tower 50 to dissolve the thawing agent to form circulating water containing the thawing agent, and the circulating water containing the thawing agent is sprayed into the refrigerating water unit 10 through the spraying system 17 to provide heat for the phase change of the low-temperature ice and snow;

[0090] S5: During the tunnel construction process, steps S2 to S4 are repeated to achieve cyclic cooling of the high ground temperature tunnel.

[0091] Specifically, the implementation method of the high geothermal tunnel circulating refrigeration and cooling method of the present invention is as follows:

[0092] S1: There is a construction tunnel with ice and snow on the mountain. Use a transport vehicle or a transport pipeline to transport the ice and snow to the location of the cooling system, and load the ice and snow into the chiller 10. Use the partition guide member 13 to guide the ice and snow, and perform the initial crushing of the ice and snow so that the ice and snow are evenly distributed in the unit shell 18. Use the rotating blade rod assembly 14 to squeeze and cut the initially crushed ice and snow, so as to crush them again, and turn the ice and snow into loose ice and snow with lower density and larger pores, which is conducive to the full contact between the thawing agent and the ice and snow, and accelerate the melting speed of the ice and snow; turn on the water pump 41, and spray the circulating water containing the thawing agent (hot water or salt water with a temperature of 15°C-25°C) into the chiller 10 through the spray system 17, so that the ice and snow in the chiller 10 gradually melt into ice water (low-temperature ice water), and pass the low-temperature ice water to the air cooling system 30.

[0093] S2: Turn on the jet fan 20 and the axial flow fan 60. The jet fan 20 is used to guide air to the air cooling system 30. The air exchanges heat with low-temperature ice water in the air cooling system 30. The temperature of the air decreases to become cold air, and the temperature of the low-temperature ice water increases to become hot water. The axial flow fan 60 is used to merge the cooled cold air with the hot air outside the tunnel according to the air volume ratio and then guide them into the tunnel under construction 80 to replace the hot air in the tunnel under construction 80, thereby cooling the tunnel under construction 80.

[0094] The hot water flowing out of the air cooling system 30 enters the water storage tower 50 , and the hot water is provided to the chiller 10 as a thawing agent, or the excess hot water is discharged through the water storage tower 50 .

[0095] Whether it is necessary to add circulating water containing thawing agent to the chiller 10 needs to be judged in combination with the temperature of the low-temperature ice water and the temperature of the hot water. The judgment process is to continuously monitor the temperature data T of the cold water temperature meter 43 and the hot water temperature meter 53. c 、T h , judge T c 、T hWhether the requirement of the following formula (4) is met, if not, it is necessary to add thawing agent to the chilled water unit 10; otherwise, it is not necessary to add thawing agent to the chilled water unit 10.

[0096] T c ≤T h -x;T c <T0 (4)

[0097] Where, T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: ℃; T h is the hot water temperature in the heat exchange tube, unit: ℃; To is the temperature of the hot air outside the tunnel, unit: ℃; x is the compensation parameter, unit: ℃, the value is 5℃.

[0098] Preferably, when the temperature difference between the cold water temperature gauge 43 and the hot water temperature gauge 53 is less than 5 degrees Celsius, the ice and snow in the chiller 10 needs to be replaced.

[0099] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A high geothermal tunnel circulation refrigeration device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a refrigerating water unit (10), a jet fan (20), an air cooling system (30), a water storage tower (50), a filter (40), an axial flow fan (60) and a tunnel ventilation pipe (70), wherein the refrigerating water unit (10), the filter (40), the air cooling system (30) and the water storage tower (50) are sequentially connected along the flow direction of cooling circulating water; the jet fan (20) is connected to the air cooling system (30); the air cooling system (30), the axial flow fan (60) and the tunnel ventilation pipe (70) are sequentially connected along the flow direction of cold air; The refrigeration water unit (10) is used to break up ice and snow and transform the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water; The filter (40) is used to effectively purify impurities in low-temperature ice water, thereby ensuring that the water circulation pipeline is unobstructed; The air cooling system (30) is used to provide a heat exchange site between low-temperature ice water and hot air outside the cave, thereby cooling the hot air outside the cave to form cold air; The water storage tower (50) is used to add thawing agent to the refrigerating water unit (10) to accelerate the melting of ice and snow when the conversion of low-temperature ice water is insufficient.

2. A high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration water unit (10) comprises a partitioned flow-guiding component (13), a rotating blade rod assembly (14), a spray system (17), a water collecting tank (15), a first pipeline (16) and a unit casing (18); the spray system (17), the partitioned flow-guiding component (13), the rotating blade rod assembly (14) and the water collecting tank (15) are all arranged in the unit casing (18) and are sequentially distributed from top to bottom along the axial direction of the unit casing (18); the spray system (17) is connected to a water storage tower (50); and the water collecting tank (15) is connected to an air cooling system (30) via a first pipeline (16); The spray system (17) is used to spray circulating water containing a thawing agent into the unit casing (18); The partitioned flow guiding component (13) is used to initially crush the ice and snow added into the unit casing (18), and to guide the initially crushed ice and snow, so that the ice and snow are evenly distributed in the unit casing (18); The rotating blade rod assembly (14) is used to crush the initially crushed ice and snow again under the action of rotating and stirring, thereby increasing the contact area between the ice and snow and the thawing agent and accelerating the melting speed of the ice and snow.

3. A high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The refrigeration water unit (10) further comprises a hydraulic door (11) and a hydraulic push rod (12); the hydraulic door (11) is disposed at the top opening of the unit casing (18); the spray system (17) is arranged on the hydraulic door (11); and the hydraulic push rod (12) is connected between the hydraulic door (11) and the unit casing (18).

4. The high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The partition flow guide component (13) is a streamlined structure, and the central axis of the partition flow guide component (13) is a chord formed by twisting the lower end surface by 180 degrees relative to the upper end surface, wherein the chord length of the chord is 0.5h, the chord height of the chord is a1, a1=0.1h, and h is the height of the partition flow guide component (13), unit: m.

5. The high geothermal tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air cooling system (30) comprises a heat exchange pipe (31), a truss foundation (32) and a unit casing (33), wherein the heat exchange pipe (31) is disposed in the unit casing (33), and the truss foundation (32) is located at the bottom of the unit casing (33); wherein the heat exchange pipe (31) provides an exchange location for heat exchange between low-temperature ice water and hot air outside the cave, and the hot air outside the cave is introduced by a jet fan (20), and the heat exchange pipe (31) is formed by a plurality of heat exchange pipes connected in sequence from front to back; The cold air temperature T1 after the hot air outside the cave passes through the air cooling system (30) is: T1 is the cold air temperature after the hot air outside the tunnel passes through the air cooling system (30), unit: °C; T0 is the temperature of the hot air outside the tunnel, unit: °C; ∪ is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange tube, unit: W / m 2 ℃; A is the heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange tube, unit: m 2 ; T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: °C; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system (30), unit: m 3 / s; ρ is the density of the hot air outside the cave, unit: kg / m3; c2 is the specific heat capacity of the hot air outside the cave, unit: J / kg·℃.

6. A high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The axial flow fan (60) combines the cold air and the hot air outside the tunnel and transmits them together to the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction (80); The initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation duct (70) is T IN for: T IN =η·T1+(1-η)·T o (2) Where, T IN is the initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation duct (70), unit: °C; η is the air volume ratio of the cooling air to the hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, and the value is 0.6; T1 is the cold air temperature of the hot air outside the tunnel after passing through the air cooling system (30), unit: °C; T o is the temperature of the hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃; The cold air cooled by the air cooling system (30) reaches a temperature T of the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction (80). OUT for: Where, T IN is the initial temperature of the cooling air in the tunnel ventilation pipe (70), unit: °C; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, and the value is 0.6; ΔT is the temperature drop per unit length of the tunnel ventilation pipe (70), unit: °C / m; L2 is the length of the tunnel ventilation pipe (70), unit: m; ∪ is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchange pipe, unit: W / m 2 ℃; A is the heat transfer area of ​​the heat exchange tube, unit: m 2 ; T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: °C; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system (30), unit: m 3 / s; ρ is the density of the hot air outside the cave, unit: kg / m3; c2 is the specific heat capacity of the hot air outside the cave, unit: J / kg·℃; T o It is the temperature of hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃.

7. A high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filter (40) is connected to the air cooling system (30) via a second pipe (42), and a cold water temperature gauge (43) is provided on the second pipe (42); the air cooling system (30) is connected to the water storage tower (50) via a third pipe (51), and a hot water temperature gauge (53) is provided on the third pipe (51); the monitored temperatures of the cold water temperature gauge (43) and the hot water temperature gauge (53) are compared with the standard temperature to determine whether it is necessary to add circulating water containing a defrosting agent to the refrigerating water unit (10).

8. The high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The criteria for judging whether it is necessary to add circulating water containing a defrosting agent to the refrigerating water unit (10) are: T c ≤T h -x;T c <T0 (4) Where, T c is the temperature of low-temperature ice water, unit: ℃; T h is the hot water temperature in the heat exchange tube, unit: °C; T o is the temperature of the hot air outside the cave, unit: ℃; x is the compensation parameter, unit: ℃, the value is 5℃.

9. A high ground temperature tunnel circulation refrigeration device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air cooling system (30) is connected to the axial flow fan (60) via a connecting air duct (71); The constraints of formula (1) to formula (4) include: In the formula, Q 轴流 is the air volume of the axial flow fan (60), m 3 / s; η is the air volume ratio of cooling air to hot air outside the tunnel, dimensionless, and its value is 0.6; Q1 is the cooling air volume of the air cooling system (30), unit: m 3 / s; S1 is the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting air duct (71), unit: m 2 ; S2 is the radial cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel ventilation pipe (70), unit: m 2 .

10. A high geothermal tunnel circulation cooling method, applied to a high geothermal tunnel circulation refrigeration device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: adding low-temperature ice and snow into a refrigerating water unit (10), and using a partitioned flow guide component (13) and a rotating blade rod assembly (14) to break up the ice and snow, thereby converting the ice and snow into low-temperature ice water; S2: using a water pump (41) to sequentially transport the low-temperature ice water in step S1 to the filter (40), the air cooling system (30), the water storage tower (50), and the spray system (17), so that it becomes circulating water, and in the heat exchange pipe (31) of the air cooling system (30), the hot air outside the cave and the low-temperature ice water are heat-exchanged to cool the hot air outside the cave into cold air; S3: cold air and hot air outside the tunnel are combined according to the air volume ratio and then transported to the high-temperature working surface of the tunnel under construction (80) through the tunnel ventilation pipe (70), thereby replacing the hot air in the tunnel under construction (80); S4: Based on step S3, the temperature of the low-temperature ice water after heat exchange is increased to be converted into high-temperature hot water, and the high-temperature hot water flows through the water storage tower (50) to dissolve the thawing agent, thereby forming circulating water containing the thawing agent, and the circulating water containing the thawing agent is sprayed into the refrigerating water unit (10) through the spraying system (17), thereby providing heat for the phase change of the low-temperature ice and snow; S5: During the tunnel construction process, steps S2 to S4 are repeated to achieve cyclic cooling of the high ground temperature tunnel.

Images