Electricity larceny verification instrument based on uninterruptible power wave injection algorithm and design method of electricity larceny verification instrument

Abstract

The invention discloses an electricity larceny verification instrument based on an uninterruptible power wave injection algorithm and a design method of the electricity larceny verification instrument, and belongs to the technical field of electricity larceny behavior detection. The device comprises a main controller, a signal conditioning circuit, a signal acquisition module, a storage module, a battery management module, a signal injection module, a wireless communication module and a user side. The design method comprises the steps of system architecture design, system software design, algorithm design and implementation, safety and compatibility, user interface and report and instrument calibration and verification. According to the invention, fluctuation and abnormity of a power line can be monitored in real time, stable operation of a power grid is ensured by injecting a signal with a specific frequency and analyzing and feeding back the signal, and the problem of unstable power supply caused by frequent power failure inspection is avoided. And data can be automatically analyzed, human intervention is reduced, and the efficiency of verification work is improved. Detection is carried out under the condition of no power failure, safety accidents possibly caused by power failure operation are avoided, and the personal safety of electric power workers is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electricity theft detection, and in particular to an electricity theft verification instrument based on an uninterruptible power injection algorithm and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electricity theft, also known as power theft, refers to the act of not measuring or under-measuring electricity consumption for the purpose of illegal possession, thereby evading or reducing the electricity bill that should be paid. Electricity theft verification refers to the process of investigating and collecting evidence by the power department or relevant law enforcement agencies on suspected illegal theft of electricity. This process aims to collect sufficient evidence to confirm whether there is electricity theft in a legally recognized manner, and impose corresponding penalties on violators to ensure the legality and safety of electricity use.

[0003] However, the existing electricity theft verification instruments still have the following shortcomings: 1) In order to conduct accurate detection, it may be necessary to shut down the power supply to the user, which will undoubtedly affect the normal power supply service, causing inconvenience to the user, and also increase the service cost of the power company and the risk of declining user satisfaction. 2) Misjudgment under normal fluctuations or interference on the power line will lead to false alarms of electricity theft and reduce the accuracy of detection. 3) The stable operation of the power grid cannot be guaranteed. If the operation is improper during the power outage detection process, it may cause safety accidents such as electrical fires and electric shock accidents, posing a threat to the safety of personnel and property.

[0004] It can be seen that the existing electricity theft verification instruments need to be further improved in terms of measurement accuracy, user service and grid stability. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electricity theft verification instrument based on a non-stop wave injection algorithm and a design method thereof, which can monitor the fluctuations and anomalies of power lines in real time, and can timely discover electricity theft by injecting signals of specific frequencies and analyzing the feedback without interrupting the power supply, and improve the performance of the electricity theft verification instrument in terms of measurement accuracy, user service, and grid stability.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an electricity theft verification instrument based on a non-stop power injection algorithm, including a main controller, the main controller adopts a high-performance embedded DSP signal processor, the main controller is electrically connected to a power management module, a signal injection module, a signal conditioning circuit, a storage module and a wireless communication module, the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the signal acquisition module, and the wireless communication module is communicatively connected to the user end.

[0007] Preferably, the power management module adopts a dual power supply mechanism of battery and photovoltaic panel to provide power to the main controller, ensuring that the device can work for a long time in different environments; The wireless communication module includes a WIFI unit and a 4G / 5G communication unit, which are used for remote communication transmission between the main controller and the user end, facilitating real-time data interaction and data upload.

[0008] Preferably, the signal acquisition module includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor for real-time monitoring of the propagation of the injected signal in the power grid, as well as the instantaneous current and voltage parameters of the line, to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0009] Preferably, the signal injection module uses a self-designed low-power, high-precision signal generator to generate a waveform of specific frequency and amplitude, which is safely injected into the target power line through a coupler.

[0010] Preferably, the design method of the signal generator comprises the following steps: Signal generation circuit design, select STM32 series microcontroller as the core control unit, and use direct digital frequency synthesis technology to generate high-precision frequency signals; Power amplification and coupling: the generated signal is amplified to a sufficient strength through a power amplifier, and then the signal is injected into the power line through a coupler; Precision control and calibration, using a high-precision reference clock source to improve frequency accuracy, and real-time monitoring and feedback of generated signals; Electromagnetic compatibility design: perform EMC design on the entire system to reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure that the system works stably in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0011] A design method of an electricity theft detection instrument based on a non-stop power injection algorithm comprises the following steps: S1. System architecture design, using high-performance embedded DSP signal processor as the core control module to coordinate the control of the entire system, and equipped with data acquisition module, signal injection module, wireless communication module and power management module, to conduct preliminary design of the overall system framework; S2. System software design: preliminary design of system software by designing data acquisition program, uninterrupted power injection algorithm and communication protocol program; S3. Algorithm design and implementation. Use the non-stop wave injection algorithm to analyze the impedance characteristics of the power line. Use the sine wave injection model to inject a test signal of a specific frequency and amplitude, measure the response of the line, and compare the difference in the response of the normal line and the line with power theft to the injection signal, so as to determine whether there is power theft. S4. Safety and compatibility: ensure that the design of the instrument complies with electrical safety standards, prevent any damage to the power grid or equipment during signal injection and monitoring, and ensure that the instrument is compatible with the existing power grid management system to facilitate data sharing and remote monitoring; S5. User interface and reporting. An easy-to-use user interface is designed to enable operators to quickly understand the test results, including map positioning, marking of suspected electricity theft points, and automatically generate detailed reports based on the test data, including the test time, location, suspected electricity theft type and recommended measures; S6. Instrument calibration and verification: conduct pilot tests in actual power grids, collect data, evaluate instrument performance, and make adjustments and optimizations based on feedback. Based on actual application conditions and technological development, continuously iterate and upgrade the instrument's hardware and software to improve overall performance.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the data acquisition program is used to control the data acquisition card to achieve synchronous acquisition of voltage and current signals; The communication protocol program is used to implement the communication protocol with the user end or other devices to ensure the accurate transmission of data.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the specific steps of algorithm design and implementation are as follows: S21, monitoring voltage: using voltage sensors, the system continuously monitors the voltage waveform of the power grid; S22, signal analysis: the collected voltage data is filtered and pre-processed to identify poor power quality events; S23, feature extraction: based on the analysis results, extract the key feature parameters that affect the power quality and reflect the deviation of voltage quality; S24, calculating the correction waveform: based on the characteristic parameters, calculating the current waveform to be injected through the sine wave injection model to offset the negative impact of the original waveform; S25, injection current: through the controllable power supply or dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, the calculated current is injected into the power grid, which is opposite to the phase of the bad voltage, so as to achieve voltage correction; S26, Feedback Control: The algorithm continuously monitors the effect and adjusts the injected current as needed to keep the voltage quality within an acceptable range; S27. Adaptability: To cope with the ever-changing power quality conditions, UPQI algorithms are usually adaptive and can learn and adapt to new disturbance patterns.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the sinusoidal wave injection model is specifically expressed as assuming that a sinusoidal voltage wave (V_{in}(t) = V_0 \sin(2\pi ft)) with a frequency of (f) is injected into one end of the line. Under ideal lossless conditions, the voltage waveform transmitted along the line is obtained by Fourier analysis.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, electromagnetic shielding and anti-interference measures are taken to ensure that the instrument works normally in a complex electromagnetic environment, and overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits are designed for the instrument to prevent damage to the instrument due to line faults or anomalies.

[0016] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned structure of an electricity theft verification instrument based on the non-stop power injection algorithm and its design method, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention can monitor the fluctuations and anomalies of power lines in real time. By injecting signals of specific frequencies and analyzing the feedback, the theft of electricity can be discovered immediately without interrupting the power supply and without affecting power users, thus ensuring the stable operation of the power grid and avoiding the problem of unstable power supply caused by frequent power outages for inspection.

[0017] (2) The present invention can accurately identify abnormal current flow in the line, which helps to quickly locate the point of power theft and reduce the losses of the power company. It can automatically analyze data, reduce human intervention, improve the objectivity and accuracy of detection, and at the same time improve the efficiency of verification work.

[0018] (3) The present invention performs detection without power outage, thus avoiding safety accidents that may be caused by power outage operations and protecting the personal safety of power workers.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an electricity theft verification instrument based on a non-stop power injection algorithm and a design method thereof according to the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is a flowchart of an electricity theft verification instrument based on a non-stop power injection algorithm and a design method thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] Example like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an electricity theft verification instrument based on non-stop power injection algorithm, including a main controller, the main controller adopts a high-performance embedded DSP signal processor, the main controller is electrically connected to a power management module, a signal injection module, a signal conditioning circuit, a storage module and a wireless communication module, the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the signal acquisition module, and the wireless communication module is communicatively connected to the user end.

[0024] The power management module uses a dual power supply mechanism of battery and photovoltaic panel to provide power to the main controller, ensuring that the device can work for a long time in different environments; The wireless communication module includes a WIFI unit and a 4G / 5G communication unit, which are used for remote communication transmission between the main controller and the user end, facilitating real-time data interaction and data upload.

[0025] The signal acquisition module includes current sensors and voltage sensors, which are used to monitor the propagation of the injected signal in the power grid and the instantaneous current and voltage parameters of the line in real time to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0026] The signal injection module uses a self-designed low-power, high-precision signal generator to generate waveforms of specific frequency and amplitude, which are safely injected into the target power line through a coupler.

[0027] The design method of the signal generator includes the following steps: Signal generation circuit design, select STM32 series microcontroller as the core control unit, and use direct digital frequency synthesis technology to generate high-precision frequency signals; Power amplification and coupling: the generated signal is amplified to a sufficient strength through a power amplifier, and then the signal is injected into the power line through a coupler; Precision control and calibration, using a high-precision reference clock source to improve frequency accuracy, and real-time monitoring and feedback of generated signals; Electromagnetic compatibility design: perform EMC design on the entire system to reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure that the system works stably in a complex electromagnetic environment.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, a design method of an electricity theft detection instrument based on a non-stop power injection algorithm includes the following steps: S1. System architecture design uses a high-performance embedded DSP signal processor as the core control module to coordinate the control of the entire system, and is equipped with a data acquisition module, a signal injection module, a wireless communication module, and a power management module to conduct a preliminary design of the overall system framework; the data acquisition module can capture the injection wave signal returned through the line, and can accurately measure even in a strong background electromagnetic field. This process includes the use of advanced anti-interference technology and signal processing algorithms to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The signal injected by the signal injection module should be weak enough to avoid interfering with the normal power supply, but can be clearly identified in the electromagnetic environment. The signal is usually selected in a frequency band outside the normal operating frequency of the power system to avoid confusion with the harmonics generated by the system itself.

[0029] S2. System software design: preliminary design of system software by designing data acquisition program, uninterrupted power injection algorithm and communication protocol program; S3. Algorithm design and implementation. The impedance characteristics of the power line are analyzed using the non-stop wave injection algorithm. The test signal of specific frequency and amplitude is injected through the sine wave injection model, and the response of the line is measured. The difference in the response of the normal line and the line with power theft to the injection wave signal is compared to determine whether there is power theft. Compare the test results with the impedance characteristics of a known good line. Under normal circumstances, the impedance characteristics of the line should be relatively stable, but in areas where power theft exists, the impedance characteristics may be abnormal.

[0030] Pay special attention to areas where impedance drops suddenly, as this may mean that power is being diverted without being metered, which could indicate power theft.

[0031] S4. Safety and compatibility: ensure that the design of the instrument complies with electrical safety standards, prevent any damage to the power grid or equipment during signal injection and monitoring, ensure that the instrument is compatible with the existing power grid management system, and facilitate data sharing and remote monitoring; take electromagnetic shielding and anti-interference measures to ensure that the instrument works normally in a complex electromagnetic environment, and design overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits for the instrument to prevent damage to the instrument due to line faults or abnormalities.

[0032] S5. User interface and reporting. An easy-to-use user interface is designed to enable operators to quickly understand the test results, including map positioning, marking of suspected electricity theft points, and automatically generate detailed reports based on the test data, including the test time, location, suspected electricity theft type and recommended measures; S6. Instrument calibration and verification: conduct pilot tests in actual power grids, collect data, evaluate instrument performance, and make adjustments and optimizations based on feedback. Based on actual application conditions and technological development, continuously iterate and upgrade the instrument's hardware and software to improve overall performance.

[0033] In step S2, the data acquisition program is used to control the data acquisition card to achieve synchronous acquisition of voltage and current signals; The communication protocol program is used to implement the communication protocol with the user end or other devices to ensure the accurate transmission of data.

[0034] In step S2, the specific steps of algorithm design and implementation are as follows: S21, monitoring voltage: using voltage sensors, the system continuously monitors the voltage waveform of the power grid; S22, signal analysis: the collected voltage data is filtered and pre-processed to identify poor power quality events; S23, feature extraction: based on the analysis results, extract the key feature parameters that affect the power quality and reflect the deviation of voltage quality; S24, calculating the correction waveform: based on the characteristic parameters, calculating the current waveform to be injected through the sine wave injection model to offset the negative impact of the original waveform; S25, injection current: through the controllable power supply or dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, the calculated current is injected into the power grid, which is opposite to the phase of the bad voltage, so as to achieve voltage correction; S26, Feedback Control: The algorithm continuously monitors the effect and adjusts the injected current as needed to keep the voltage quality within an acceptable range; S27. Adaptability: To cope with the ever-changing power quality conditions, UPQI algorithms are usually adaptive and can learn and adapt to new disturbance patterns.

[0035] In S3, the sinusoidal wave injection model is specifically expressed as follows: assuming that a sinusoidal voltage wave (V_{in}(t) = V_0 \sin(2\pi ft)) with a frequency of (f) is injected into one end of the line, then under ideal lossless conditions, the voltage waveform transmitted along the line is obtained through Fourier analysis.

[0036] The voltage waveform transmitted by the line can be decomposed into a series of sinusoidal components of different frequencies through Fourier analysis. This process is very useful for understanding the spectral characteristics of the signal.

[0037] First, the voltage waveform on the transmission line needs to be sampled, ensuring that the sampling rate satisfies the Nyquist sampling theorem, that is, at least twice the frequency of the highest frequency component in the signal. Then, the sampled signal may be windowed to reduce boundary effects.

[0038] Applying a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or a fast Fourier transform (FFT) converts the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal. This results in a sequence of complex numbers, each of which corresponds to the magnitude and phase of a frequency component.

[0039] The calculated spectrum shows the energy distribution of the signal at each frequency. For linear steady-state signals, the spectrum is usually displayed as an amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum. The amplitude spectrum reflects the strength of each frequency component, while the phase spectrum shows the phase relationship of these components relative to the fundamental wave (usually the lowest frequency sine wave component).

[0040] By analyzing the spectrum, the main frequency components of the signal and possible harmonics (integer multiples of the signal frequency) can be identified. For line voltage waveforms, this may include the fundamental frequency voltage and higher harmonics caused by nonlinear loads.

[0041] Use an uninterruptible power system (such as UPS) to inject a sine wave test signal of specific frequency and amplitude into the power line. The selection of this signal should be outside the normal operating frequency range of the power line to avoid interfering with the normal power supply. The injected sine wave signal should have sufficient strength to ensure the signal propagation on the power line, but not strong enough to cause any potential electrical faults or safety issues.

[0042] The recorded data is used to calculate the impedance characteristics of the line at the test frequency. Impedance is the ratio of voltage to current and can be calculated using Ohm's law. Analyzing the change in impedance with frequency and the difference in impedance at different locations can help identify abnormal parts of the line.

[0043] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned non-stop power injection algorithm electricity theft verification instrument and its design method, which can monitor the fluctuations and anomalies of the power line in real time. By injecting a signal of a specific frequency and analyzing the feedback, the electricity theft behavior can be immediately discovered without interrupting the power supply, and it is carried out without affecting the power users, ensuring the stable operation of the power grid and avoiding the power supply instability caused by frequent power outages. And it can accurately identify the abnormal current flow in the line, which helps to quickly locate the power theft point and reduce the loss of the power company. It can automatically analyze the data, reduce human intervention, improve the objectivity and accuracy of the detection, and improve the efficiency of the verification work. Detection is carried out without power outage, avoiding safety accidents that may be caused by power outage operations, and protecting the personal safety of power workers.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electricity theft detection instrument based on non-stop power injection algorithm, characterized by: It includes a main controller, which adopts a high-performance embedded DSP signal processor. The main controller is electrically connected to a power management module, a signal injection module, a signal conditioning circuit, a storage module and a wireless communication module respectively. The signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the signal acquisition module, and the wireless communication module is connected to the user end for communication.

2. The power theft detection instrument based on non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized by: The power management module adopts a dual power supply mechanism of battery and photovoltaic panel to provide power to the main controller, ensuring that the device can work for a long time in different environments; The wireless communication module includes a WIFI unit and a 4G / 5G communication unit, which are used for remote communication transmission between the main controller and the user end, facilitating real-time data interaction and data upload.

3. The power theft detection instrument based on non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal acquisition module includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor, which are used to monitor the propagation of the injected signal in the power grid and the instantaneous current and voltage parameters of the line in real time to ensure the accuracy of the data.

4. The power theft detection instrument based on non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal injection module adopts a self-designed low-power, high-precision signal generator to generate a waveform of specific frequency and amplitude, which is safely injected into the target power line through a coupler.

5. The power theft detection instrument based on non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 4 is characterized by: The design method of the signal generator comprises the following steps: Signal generation circuit design, select STM32 series microcontroller as the core control unit, and use direct digital frequency synthesis technology to generate high-precision frequency signals; Power amplification and coupling: the generated signal is amplified to a sufficient strength through a power amplifier, and then the signal is injected into the power line through a coupler; Precision control and calibration, using a high-precision reference clock source to improve frequency accuracy, and real-time monitoring and feedback of generated signals; Electromagnetic compatibility design: perform EMC design on the entire system to reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure that the system works stably in a complex electromagnetic environment.

6. A design method for an electricity theft detection instrument based on a non-stop power injection algorithm, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. System architecture design, using high-performance embedded DSP signal processor as the core control module to coordinate the control of the entire system, and equipped with data acquisition module, signal injection module, wireless communication module and power management module, to conduct preliminary design of the overall system framework; S2. System software design: preliminary design of system software by designing data acquisition program, uninterrupted power injection algorithm and communication protocol program; S3. Algorithm design and implementation. Use the non-stop wave injection algorithm to analyze the impedance characteristics of the power line. Use the sine wave injection model to inject a test signal of a specific frequency and amplitude, measure the response of the line, and compare the difference in the response of the normal line and the line with power theft to the injection signal, so as to determine whether there is power theft. S4. Safety and compatibility: ensure that the design of the instrument complies with electrical safety standards, prevent any damage to the power grid or equipment during signal injection and monitoring, and ensure that the instrument is compatible with the existing power grid management system to facilitate data sharing and remote monitoring; S5. User interface and reporting. An easy-to-use user interface is designed to enable operators to quickly understand the test results, including map positioning, marking of suspected electricity theft points, and automatically generate detailed reports based on the test data, including the test time, location, suspected electricity theft type and recommended measures; S6. Instrument calibration and verification: conduct pilot tests in actual power grids, collect data, evaluate instrument performance, and make adjustments and optimizations based on feedback. Based on actual application conditions and technological development, continuously iterate and upgrade the instrument's hardware and software to improve overall performance.

7. The design method of the electricity theft detection instrument based on the non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S2, the data acquisition program is used to control the data acquisition card to achieve synchronous acquisition of voltage and current signals; The communication protocol program is used to implement the communication protocol with the user end or other devices to ensure the accurate transmission of data.

8. The design method of the electricity theft detection instrument based on the non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S2, the specific steps of algorithm design and implementation are as follows: S21, monitoring voltage: using voltage sensors, the system continuously monitors the voltage waveform of the power grid; S22, signal analysis: the collected voltage data is filtered and pre-processed to identify poor power quality events; S23, feature extraction: based on the analysis results, extract the key feature parameters that affect the power quality and reflect the deviation of voltage quality; S24, calculating the correction waveform: based on the characteristic parameters, the current waveform to be injected is calculated through the sine wave injection model to offset the negative impact of the original waveform; S25, injection current: through the controllable power supply or dynamic reactive power compensation equipment, the calculated current is injected into the power grid, which is opposite to the phase of the bad voltage, so as to achieve voltage correction; S26, Feedback Control: The algorithm continuously monitors the effect and adjusts the injected current as needed to keep the voltage quality within an acceptable range; S27. Adaptability: To cope with the ever-changing power quality conditions, UPQI algorithms are usually adaptive and can learn and adapt to new disturbance patterns.

9. The design method of the electricity theft detection instrument based on the non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S3, the sinusoidal wave injection model is specifically expressed as assuming that a sinusoidal voltage wave (V_{in}(t) = V_0 \sin(2\pi ft)) with a frequency of (f) is injected into one end of the line. Under ideal lossless conditions, the voltage waveform transmitted along the line is obtained through Fourier analysis.

10. The design method of the electricity theft detection instrument based on the non-stop power injection algorithm according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S4, electromagnetic shielding and anti-interference measures are taken to ensure that the instrument works normally in a complex electromagnetic environment, and overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuits are designed for the instrument to prevent damage to the instrument due to line faults or abnormalities.

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