Method for constructing small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive prevention and control system

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive control system, and relates to the technical field of ecological environment protection and treatment research. A small watershed needing non-point source pollution treatment is selected, and a pollution monitoring point scheme is determined from a preset monitoring station library according to geographical environment data and historical water quality data; digging a water channel, communicating the small watershed water system with the water channel, and enabling external water to flow into the water system; a small watershed water body is treated by adopting measures such as garbage floating object cleaning, algae killing and bottom mud degrading and repairing, so that the watershed water quality is improved within a short time. Further, selecting a proper area around the small watershed water body to construct a healthy water ecosystem, providing an adhesion matrix and a habitat for indigenous microorganisms to form a biological membrane, meanwhile, putting a proper amount of aquatic organisms to enable the water body to achieve a self-purification effect, and regularly detecting the water quality; and analyzing and evaluating the monitoring data through a preset non-point source pollution model to provide a decision basis for comprehensive treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment protection and governance research, and in particular to a method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed. Background Art

[0002] Non-point source pollution has become the main source of pollution in my country's water bodies. The main sources of non-point source pollution include soil erosion, excessive application of agricultural chemicals, discharge of rural domestic sewage, livestock and poultry breeding, atmospheric deposition, etc., and small watersheds refer to relatively independent and closed natural catchment areas with a catchment area of ​​less than 50 km2, bounded by the watershed and the downstream river outlet section below the second and third-level tributaries. With the rapid development of my country's economy and the continuous improvement of industrial level, the amount of sewage generated by life and production has continued to increase. Some sewage has been discharged into the watershed without effective treatment, and the pollutants in the water have continued to increase. In addition, due to the problems of water system disconnection in the watershed, pollution monitoring, as an important part of environmental science and environmental management, can provide strong support for policy making. The existing non-point source pollution monitoring and evaluation methods first obtain the corresponding monitoring data from fixed monitoring stations, and then process the monitoring data according to the pollution assessment model to obtain the non-point source pollution monitoring and evaluation results. However, the existing small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive prevention and control system still has some problems, such as poor pertinence and poor treatment effect. To this end, we propose a method to construct a small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive prevention and control system. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: Step 1: Select the small watersheds that need to be treated for non-point source pollution, select and locate the areas where the small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive prevention and control system needs to be established, obtain the geographical environment data and historical water quality data of the target area from the databases of the counties, cities and districts in the area, and determine the pollution monitoring point plan from the preset monitoring site library based on the geographical environment data and historical water quality data; Step 2: Dig a canal to connect the water system where the non-point source small watershed needs to be managed with the canal, so that the external water source can flow into the water body of the small watershed to be constructed; Step 3: Treat the non-point source polluted water bodies in small watersheds. First, clean the residues of aquatic plants and animals in the small watershed and various domestic garbage floating on the water surface, then add materials that can improve the water quality into the water source, eliminate organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal pollutants in the water bodies of small watersheds, and then eliminate algae, thereby degrading a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients; Second, treat the bottom and deep water areas of the small watershed, use immobilized composite microbial growth promoters, and equip the deep water areas with slow-release devices to degrade and repair the eutrophic sediments; Step 4: Monitoring and management of water quality indicators of non-point source water bodies in small watersheds; monitoring water level changes in small watersheds, testing various data of non-point source water sources in small watersheds before and after rainy weather, and recording them, and setting up warning signs around the non-point source water sources in small watersheds; Step 5: Select appropriate areas around non-point source water bodies in small watersheds to build aquatic biological ecosystems, provide attachment substrates and habitats for indigenous microorganisms, and release appropriate amounts of aquatic organisms to form biofilms, thereby achieving a self-purification effect on the water body, and then regularly test the water quality; Step 6: Input the water quality data of the non-point water source of the small watershed before and after treatment into the water quality monitoring system; Step 7: Processing the pollution monitoring data through a preset non-point source pollution model to obtain non-point source pollution monitoring and assessment results; Step 8: Based on the non-point source pollution monitoring and assessment results, the water treatment results of the non-point source in the small watershed can be obtained, so as to carry out more comprehensive pollution prevention and control.

[0005] Furthermore: the historical water quality data in step 1 include sampling time, section, location, flow, rainfall, population in the section catchment area, TP, NH4-N and COD; the geographical environment data include climate data, topographic data, population data, and the climate data includes temperature, precipitation, wind speed; the topographic data includes the landform and topographic features of the region, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and altitude; the population data includes social research, urban planning, and policy making.

[0006] Further: the pollution monitoring point plan described in step 1 includes: 1: analyzing historical water quality data and geographic environment data, and then establishing a water quality prediction model and a geographic data model; 2: inputting the current water quality data into the water quality prediction model, and inputting the geographic environment data into the geographic data model, and thereby obtaining water quality prediction data and geographic environment prediction data; 3: inputting the water quality prediction data and the geographic environment prediction data into the pollution prevention and control decision-making model.

[0007] Furthermore: the pollution prevention and control decision-making model includes a pollution prevention and control database, which is established by collecting water pollution prevention and control big data and then analyzing water pollution prevention and control measures in the water pollution prevention and control big data.

[0008] Furthermore: in step one, before selecting an area, two steps must be carried out, namely, field positioning observation and artificial rainfall simulation. One is to analyze the runoff sediment loss of different land use types, and the other is to detect the output rate of non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Then, the output coefficient model is combined to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus output coefficients of each land use type in the basin, so as to analyze the spatial distribution and change process of non-point source pollution in the basin in the past three to five years. Finally, combined with the area of ​​different land use types, the contribution rate of different land use types to soil erosion and non-point source pollution is estimated, and the migration characteristics of non-point source pollutants with soil erosion are revealed, so as to determine whether the area meets the site selection criteria.

[0009] Further: the non-point source pollution monitoring and evaluation result described in step seven is to combine the indicator and the corresponding basic indicator set of all sampling points to obtain a comparative data set of the non-point source pollution indicator; one non-point source pollution indicator and the corresponding basic indicator set of each sampling point are regarded as a sample; for each comparative data set of the non-point source pollution indicator, the same number of samples are extracted based on the method of replacement resampling to form multiple new data sets, and the new data sets are used to train the decision tree in the random forest model to obtain the indicator data.

[0010] Further: the selected small watershed non-point source water bodies in step 5 include deep water areas, shallow water areas, flowing water areas, slow-flowing areas, sunny areas, and shady areas, and all of the above areas have undergone water treatment.

[0011] Further: In step 2, multiple groups of steel wire filters are arranged in the water channel, and ground plugs are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the steel wire filters, and the filter holes of the steel wire filters are one centimeter.

[0012] Further: in step three, a combination of physical algae removal technology and chemical algae removal technology is used to eliminate the algae, and the slow-release device is a water treatment agent slow-release device.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed first collects geographical environmental data and historical water quality data of the selected area, and then determines the pollution monitoring point plan through the preset monitoring site library, so that the area can be treated more accurately and effectively; dig a canal to connect the water system of the small watershed with the canal so that external water can flow into the water system; adopt measures such as cleaning up floating garbage, eliminating algae, and degrading and repairing bottom mud to treat the water body of the small watershed, so that the water quality of the watershed can be improved in a short time. Further, select suitable areas around the water body of the small watershed to construct a healthy water ecosystem, provide attachment matrix and habitat for indigenous microorganisms to form biofilms, and at the same time release an appropriate amount of aquatic organisms to achieve a self-purification effect of the water body, and regularly test the water quality; analyze and evaluate the monitoring data through the preset non-point source pollution model to provide a decision-making basis for comprehensive and integrated governance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of historical water quality data of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of geographical environment data of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 1-3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select the small watersheds that need to be treated for non-point source pollution, select and locate the areas where the small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive prevention and control system needs to be established, obtain the geographical environment data and historical water quality data of the target area from the databases of the counties, cities and districts in the area, and determine the pollution monitoring point plan from the preset monitoring site library based on the geographical environment data and historical water quality data; Step 2: Dig a canal to connect the water system where the non-point source small watershed needs to be managed with the canal, so that the external water source can flow into the water body of the small watershed to be constructed; Step 3: Treat the non-point source polluted water bodies in small watersheds. First, clean the residues of aquatic plants and animals in the small watershed and various domestic garbage floating on the water surface, then add materials that can improve the water quality into the water source, eliminate organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal pollutants in the water bodies of small watersheds, and then eliminate algae, thereby degrading a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients; Second, treat the bottom and deep water areas of the small watershed, use immobilized composite microbial growth promoters, and equip the deep water areas with slow-release devices to degrade and repair the eutrophic sediments; Step 4: Monitoring and management of water quality indicators of non-point source water bodies in small watersheds; monitoring water level changes in small watersheds, testing various data of non-point source water sources in small watersheds before and after rainy weather, and recording them, and setting up warning signs around the non-point source water sources in small watersheds; Step 5: Select appropriate areas around non-point source water bodies in small watersheds to build aquatic biological ecosystems, provide attachment substrates and habitats for indigenous microorganisms, and release appropriate amounts of aquatic organisms to form biofilms, thereby achieving a self-purification effect on the water body, and then regularly test the water quality; Step 6: Input the water quality data of the non-point water source of the small watershed before and after treatment into the water quality monitoring system; Step 7: Processing the pollution monitoring data through a preset non-point source pollution model to obtain non-point source pollution monitoring and assessment results; Step 8: Based on the non-point source pollution monitoring and assessment results, the water treatment results of the non-point source in the small watershed can be obtained, so as to carry out more comprehensive pollution prevention and control.

[0017] Among them, preferably, the historical water quality data in step one include sampling time, section, location, flow, rainfall, population in the section catchment area, TP, NH4-N and COD; the geographical environment data include climate data, topographic data, population data, and the climate data includes temperature, precipitation, wind speed; the topographic data includes the landform and topographic features of the region, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and altitude; the population data includes social research, urban planning, and policy making.

[0018] Preferably, the pollution monitoring point scheme described in step one includes: 1. Analyzing historical water quality data and geographic environment data, and then establishing a water quality prediction model and a geographic data model, wherein both the water quality prediction model and the geographic data model are based on LSTM neural network and Markov chain; 2. Inputting current water quality data into the water quality prediction model, and inputting geographic environment data into the geographic data model, thereby obtaining water quality prediction data and geographic environment prediction data; 3. Inputting water quality prediction data and geographic environment prediction data into a pollution prevention and control decision model, wherein the pollution prevention and control decision model adopts a multi-source heterogeneous knowledge extraction and fusion algorithm model.

[0019] Preferably, the pollution prevention and control decision-making model includes a pollution prevention and control database, which is established by collecting water pollution prevention and control big data and then analyzing water pollution prevention and control measures from the water pollution prevention and control big data.

[0020] Embodiment 2: Reference Figure 1 , this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: in step one, before selecting the area, it is necessary to first go through two steps of field positioning observation and artificial rainfall simulation, one is to analyze the runoff sediment loss of different land use types, and the other is to detect the output rate of non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and then combine the output coefficient model to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus output coefficients of each land use type in the basin, so as to analyze the spatial distribution and change process of non-point source pollution in the basin in the past three to five years, and finally, combine the area of ​​different land use types, and calculate the contribution rate of different land use types to soil erosion and non-point source pollution, revealing the non-point source pollutants with water. The migration characteristics of soil erosion are used to determine whether the area meets the site selection criteria; the non-point source pollution monitoring and evaluation results described in step 7 are to combine the indicators and the corresponding basic indicator sets of all sampling points to obtain a comparative data set of the non-point source pollution indicators; one non-point source pollution indicator and the corresponding basic indicator set of each sampling point are used as a sample; for each comparative data set of the non-point source pollution indicators, the same number of samples are extracted based on the method of replacement resampling to form multiple new data sets, and the decision trees in the random forest model are trained using the new data sets to obtain the indicator data; the selection of small watershed non-point source water bodies including deep The deep water area is the deeper area near the shore in the water area, the shallow water area is the area near the shore in the water area, the flowing water area is the area with faster water flow, the slow-flowing area is the area with slower water flow, the sunny area is the area that can receive sunlight for a long time, and the shady area is the area that cannot receive sunlight for a long time, and all the above areas have been treated by water bodies; in step 2, multiple groups of steel wire filters are arranged in the water channel, and ground plugs are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the steel wire filter, the filter hole of the steel wire filter is one centimeter, and the steel wire filter can effectively avoid garbage and debris in other water sources objects enter the monitored waters through the canal, so as to avoid their influence on the detection results; in step three, a combination of physical algae removal technology and chemical algae removal technology is used to eliminate the algae. The combination of physical algae removal technology and chemical algae removal technology can effectively and quickly treat the algae in the water body, and at the same time reduce the pollution to the water source and the surrounding environment. The slow-release device is a water treatment agent slow-release device. The water treatment agent slow-release device can slow-release the water treatment material for 6 to 12 months. During the monitoring period, the staff only needs to replace the water treatment material regularly, which can facilitate the purification of the water source.

[0021] The electrical appliances mentioned in this article are all connected to an external power source through wires.

[0022] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select the small watersheds that need to be treated for non-point source pollution, select and locate the areas where the small watershed non-point source pollution comprehensive prevention and control system needs to be established, obtain the geographical environment data and historical water quality data of the target area from the databases of the counties, cities and districts in the area, and determine the pollution monitoring point plan from the preset monitoring site library based on the geographical environment data and historical water quality data; Step 2: Dig a canal to connect the water system where the non-point source small watershed needs to be managed with the canal, so that the external water source can flow into the water body of the small watershed to be constructed; Step 3: Treat the non-point source polluted water bodies in small watersheds. First, clean the residues of aquatic plants and animals in the small watershed and various domestic garbage floating on the water surface, then add materials that can improve the water quality into the water source, eliminate organic matter, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metal pollutants in the water bodies of small watersheds, and then eliminate algae, thereby degrading a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients; Second, treat the bottom and deep water areas of the small watershed, use immobilized composite microbial growth promoters, and equip the deep water areas with slow-release devices to degrade and repair the eutrophic sediments; Step 4: Monitoring and management of water quality indicators of non-point source water bodies in small watersheds; monitoring water level changes in small watersheds, testing various data of non-point source water sources in small watersheds before and after rainy weather, and recording them, and setting up warning signs around the non-point source water sources in small watersheds; Step 5: Select appropriate areas around non-point source water bodies in small watersheds to build aquatic biological ecosystems, provide attachment substrates and habitats for indigenous microorganisms, and release appropriate amounts of aquatic organisms to form biofilms, thereby achieving a self-purification effect on the water body, and then regularly test the water quality; Step 6: Input the water quality data of the non-point water source of the small watershed before and after treatment into the water quality monitoring system; Step 7: Processing the pollution monitoring data through a preset non-point source pollution model to obtain non-point source pollution monitoring and assessment results; Step 8: Based on the non-point source pollution monitoring and assessment results, the water treatment results of the non-point source in the small watershed can be obtained, so as to carry out more comprehensive pollution prevention and control.

2. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The historical water quality data in step one include sampling time, section, location, flow, rainfall, population in the section catchment area, TP, NH4-N and COD; the geographical environment data include climate data, topographic data, population data, and climate data include temperature, precipitation, wind speed; topographic data include the landform and topographic features of the region, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and altitude; population data include social research, urban planning, and policy making.

3. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollution monitoring point plan described in step 1 includes: 1: analyzing historical water quality data and geographic environment data, and then establishing a water quality prediction model and a geographic data model; 2: inputting current water quality data into the water quality prediction model, and inputting geographic environment data into the geographic data model, thereby obtaining water quality prediction data and geographic environment prediction data; 3: inputting water quality prediction data and geographic environment prediction data into the pollution prevention and control decision-making model.

4. A method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pollution prevention and control decision-making model includes a pollution prevention and control database, which is established by collecting water pollution prevention and control big data and then analyzing water pollution prevention and control measures of the water pollution prevention and control big data.

5. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, before selecting an area, two steps are required: field positioning observation and artificial rainfall simulation. First, the runoff sediment loss of different land use types can be analyzed, and the output rate of non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus can be detected. Then, the output coefficient model is used to obtain the nitrogen and phosphorus output coefficients of each land use type in the basin, so as to analyze the spatial distribution and change process of non-point source pollution in the basin in the past three to five years. Finally, combined with the area of ​​different land use types, the contribution rate of different land use types to soil erosion and non-point source pollution is estimated, revealing the migration characteristics of non-point source pollutants with soil erosion, so as to determine whether the area meets the site selection criteria.

6. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-point source pollution monitoring and evaluation results described in step seven are obtained by combining the indicator and the corresponding basic indicator set of all sampling points to obtain a comparative data set of the non-point source pollution indicator; one non-point source pollution indicator and the corresponding basic indicator set of each sampling point are regarded as a sample; for each comparative data set of the non-point source pollution indicator, the same number of samples are extracted based on the method of replacement resampling to form multiple new data sets, and the new data sets are used to train the decision tree in the random forest model to obtain the indicator data.

7. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selected small watershed non-point source water bodies described in step five include deep water areas, shallow water areas, flowing water areas, slow-flowing areas, sunny areas, and shady areas, and all of the above areas have undergone water treatment.

8. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, multiple sets of steel wire filters are arranged in the water channel, and ground plugs are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the steel wire filters, and the filter holes of the steel wire filters are one centimeter.

9. The method for constructing a comprehensive prevention and control system for non-point source pollution in a small watershed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, a combination of physical algae removal technology and chemical algae removal technology is used to eliminate the algae, and the slow-release device is a water treatment agent slow-release device.

Images