Earthquake buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean seismic wave detection, and discloses a power supply and data acquisition system and method for an electric control cabin of an earthquake buoy. The power supply switching board is used for carrying out hardware type automatic switching through two mutually exclusive power supply circuits and the holding characteristic of the magnetic latching relay, completing that the other circuit supplies power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards when any circuit is disconnected, and starting a standby battery when the two power supply circuits are both disconnected. Power is supplied to different seismometers and data acquisition boards through magnetic latching relays; the data acquisition board is used for acquiring the temperature and humidity, multi-path current and voltage and attitude of the electric control cabin and acquiring attitude data of the seismograph fixed together with the electric control cabin; and the data transmission module is used for uploading data. The power supply, the data link, the data acquisition and the seismograph all adopt two sets of redundant backups, and the two sets of systems are completely independent and do not influence each other.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of marine seismic wave detection, and in particular relates to a seismic buoy electric control compartment power supply and data acquisition system and method. Background Art

[0002] Due to the particularity of the marine seismic detection system, the requirements of each system are different. No complete solution for the power supply warehouse electric control and data acquisition system of the marine seismic detection platform has been retrieved from public information.

[0003] The detection of marine seismic waves is of great significance for earthquake prediction and early warning. In addition, the deployment of equipment in seawater needs to be waterproof and shockproof. In addition, it is extremely inconvenient to deploy and maintain the equipment on the seabed, and the maintenance and replacement of the equipment are very costly. Therefore, the reliability of power supply and data transmission of seismometers is extremely high. At the same time, the temperature, humidity and posture (whether it is falling and vibrating) inside the submarine equipment need to be monitored in real time. At the same time, the voltage and current of the equipment, that is, whether the equipment is working properly, and whether there is an unexpected interruption in the power supply, need to be monitored in real time. In addition, the two seismometers and data acquisition platforms are not allowed to work at the same time, because it is impossible to confirm which set of data is the standard when working at the same time. Therefore, the two power supplies need to be switched in time when the other fails. At the same time, if both fail, the electric control compartment needs to provide basic backup batteries for power supply to win time for the subsequent maintenance and replacement of the entire system. The backup system needs to be placed near the shore and ready to replace the equipment that is accidentally damaged at any time. In addition, due to the space limitation of the battery compartment, the battery is not allowed to discharge when the two main circuits are working normally. Only when the two main power supplies fail, power is supplied to the seismometer and the acquisition platform. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the disclosed embodiment of the present invention provides a seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system and method. The present invention includes but is not limited to the application of marine seismic wave detection system power supply and equipment cabin temperature and humidity, posture, current and voltage detection system.

[0005] The technical solution is as follows: The seismic buoy electric control compartment power supply and data acquisition system includes:

[0006] The power switching board is used to perform hardware-type automatic switching through two mutually exclusive power supply circuits and the holding characteristics of the magnetic latching relay, so that when any one circuit is disconnected, the other circuit can still supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards; when both power supply circuits are disconnected, the backup battery is activated to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards through the magnetic latching relay;

[0007] Data acquisition board, used to collect temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and attitude of the electric control compartment; as well as attitude data of the seismograph fixed to the electric control compartment;

[0008] The data transmission module is used to encapsulate the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and posture data collected by the data acquisition board into an array and save it in the FLASH of the main control chip integrated in the data acquisition board. After receiving the query command from the host computer, the main program of the data acquisition board returns the above data to the host computer in sequence to realize data upload.

[0009] Further, the power switching board includes: two 48V power input terminals; the two 48V power input terminals are respectively connected to a DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and a DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit;

[0010] One path of the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 1st pin of the magnetic latching relay K1; the other path is connected to the 6th pin and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 through a diode, and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 is connected to the first seismograph and the first data acquisition board;

[0011] One path of the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 and the 1st pin of the magnetic latching relay K2; the other path is connected to the 6th pin and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 through a diode, and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 is connected to the second seismograph and the second data acquisition board;

[0012] The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is mutually exclusive with the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit through the magnetic latching characteristics of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2.

[0013] Furthermore, the power switching board also includes a backup battery, which is connected to the 6th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 6th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 through different diodes, and is not conductive to the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, the second pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the second pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 are both connected to an adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit, and the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit adjusts the pulse width through the capacitor C16 or the resistor R1;

[0015] In the initial stage of power-on, the third pin of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit U1 outputs a high level, causing the transistor Q1 to be turned on. The transistor Q1 is connected to the second pin of the common end of the excitation coil of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2, and the third pin of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is connected to GND. The excitation coil of the transistor Q1 is turned on to form a loop; from the initial power-on, the capacitor C16 is charged from 0 potential, and when the upper end of the capacitor C16 is charged to one-third of VCC, the third pin of U1 realizes level inversion and outputs a low level, thereby turning off the transistor Q1; the excitation coils of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2 cannot form a loop and lose current, thereby protecting the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2;

[0016] The length of time from 0 potential to one-third VCC of capacitor C16 is determined by the RC charging circuit composed of resistor R1 and capacitor C16, and the time calculation formula is T=1.1*R1*C16; in order to discharge the electric energy of capacitor C16 in time when the circuit is switched, the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is equipped with relay K4, and the two ends of capacitor C16 are connected to the normally closed terminal and the common terminal of relay K4. Once the two main power supplies are disconnected, relay K4 is in a closed state, and the electric energy of capacitor C16 is quickly released; the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit are switched, and capacitor C16 starts to charge from 0 and releases it in time.

[0017] Further, the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the middle of the first pin line of the magnetic latching relay K2, and is also connected in parallel with the first peak absorption circuit;

[0018] The front end of the line of the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 is also connected in parallel with a second peak absorption circuit;

[0019] The first peak absorption circuit and the second peak absorption circuit both include: a capacitor and a resistor connected in parallel to each other, and the capacitor and the resistor are connected in parallel and disconnected from the ground terminal through a diode.

[0020] Furthermore, the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit has the same structure as the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit, and converts the input 48V into 15V through the integrated step-down chip and the capacitor and resistor connected to the step-down chip to supply power to the outside.

[0021] Further, the data acquisition board includes an acquisition power supply unit, and the data acquisition power supply unit includes a power supply input submodule, a 5V circuit submodule, and a 3.3V circuit submodule;

[0022] The respective serial ports of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2 of the power switching board supply power to the power input submodule, which passes through the fuse F1, and the capacitors C38 and C39 are used as input filter capacitors. Then, the 5V circuit submodule adopts the IC1 DCDC step-down chip to support a wide voltage input of 5.5-15V. The output voltage is stabilized at 5V through the feedback network composed of resistors R32 and R34. The 5V voltage provided by the 5V circuit submodule is linearly stepped down to 3.3V by the step-down chip of the 3.3V circuit submodule, providing a stable low ripple voltage for the crystal oscillator chip U9, the RS485 communication chip U1, the attitude sensor chip U2, and the temperature and humidity sensor submodule.

[0023] Pin 138 of the crystal oscillator chip U9 is the bootload startup selection pin, resistor R82 is a pull-down resistor, and the FLASH firmware program is selected to start by default; pin 32 is connected to the power supply 3.3V as the reference power supply for ADC; the other pins of the crystal oscillator chip U9 are respectively connected to 3.3V and GND, and the 3.3V is respectively connected to capacitors C76-C87 filter capacitors.

[0024] Furthermore, the RS485 communication chip U1 is used for communication with the buoy end. The chip adopts ADM3485, D1 and D2 are TVS diodes for suppressing surge pulses, resistors R3 and R1 are pull-up and pull-down resistors, and resistor R2 is a terminal matching resistor, which together ensure the smooth progress of 485 communication;

[0025] The attitude sensor submodule adopts the U2 chip, and capacitors C2 and C5 are external matching capacitors of the internal charge pump, which convert the 3.3V level into the standard level of RS232 -15V to +15V; capacitor C3 is a filter capacitor, resistor R4 is a pull-up resistor, and resistor R5 is a pull-down resistor, so that the U2 chip is enabled by default.

[0026] Further, the data acquisition board data also includes current and voltage acquisition modules inside and outside the electric control warehouse, specifically including 48V first input current / voltage detection submodule, 48V second input current / voltage detection submodule, 12V first input current / voltage detection submodule, 12V second input current / voltage detection submodule;

[0027] The 48V 1st input current / voltage detection submodule and the 48V 2nd input current / voltage detection submodule are used for voltage and current collection of the two 48V power input terminals of the power switching board;

[0028] The 12V first input current / voltage detection submodule and the 12V second input current / voltage detection submodule are used for current and voltage collection of the backup battery and the seismograph load.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for power supply and data acquisition of an electric control compartment of a seismic buoy, the method using a power supply and data acquisition system of an electric control compartment of a seismic buoy, the method comprising:

[0030] S1, using the two mutually exclusive power supply circuits of the power switching board and the holding characteristics of the magnetic latching relay, hardware-type automatic switching is performed to complete the completion of the other circuit still supplying power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards when any one circuit is disconnected, and the backup battery is activated to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards through the magnetic latching relay when both power supply circuits are disconnected;

[0031] S2, using the data acquisition board to collect the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and attitude of the electric control cabin, as well as the attitude data of the seismograph fixed to the electric control cabin;

[0032] S3, encapsulates the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and posture data collected by the data acquisition board into an array, and saves it in the FLASH of the main control chip integrated in the data acquisition board. After receiving the query command from the host computer, the main program of the data acquisition board returns the above data to the host computer in a certain order to realize data upload.

[0033] In combination with all the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] The present invention is for the data transmission, power supply and detection of the environment of the electric control compartment such as temperature, humidity and posture of the seismograph, especially the dual-circuit power supply adopts reliable pure hardware switching, and the automatic power supply startup of the backup battery when the main power supply fails does not adopt a single-chip microcomputer, and the pure hardware logic implementation ensures that it is not affected by the failure of the single-chip microcomputer software program. In addition, the power supply, data link, data acquisition and seismograph all adopt two redundant backups, and the two systems are completely independent and do not affect each other.

[0035] Earthquake data is an important basic data for modern human society and provides an important guarantee for ensuring the stable life of human beings. Its reliable and stable acquisition is very necessary and of great significance, providing an important basic guarantee for the country's earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Among them, power supply and site environmental parameter monitoring are of paramount importance, so the development of a highly reliable power supply control system is of far-reaching significance. The present invention provides a complete and reliable solution for power supply and underwater dual-circuit power supply switching of precision instruments and instrument use environment parameter monitoring, and also provides a model project for the earthquake detection industry; the present invention utilizes the rich experience of engineering and technical personnel, and the ingenious design greatly improves the reliability of power supply for precision instruments, cleverly utilizes the characteristics of magnetic latching relays that have been verified for many years, and uses mutually exclusive logic to achieve seamless switching of dual-circuit power supplies, and combines the classic delayed power-off circuit to solve the shortcoming that the magnetic latching relay cannot be powered on for a long time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for power supply and data collection of an electric control compartment of a seismic buoy provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a power supply and data acquisition system for an electric control compartment of a seismic buoy provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a circuit schematic diagram of the Power_SW power switching board provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the I&V&T&H_Dectection_CTR data acquisition board_control chip provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is the I&V&T&H_Dectection_P2 data acquisition board_power supply and data acquisition sub-schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 The present invention provides a data acquisition program flow chart of the data acquisition board. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0044] The innovation of the present invention is that: the present invention adopts magnetic latching relay and mutually exclusive logic, realizes the dual-way power supply switching of the seismograph by pure hardware, avoids the failure without warning caused by the program running away in the software switching mode, and adopts the reliable 555 delayed power-off circuit to overcome the problem that the magnetic latching relay excitation coil cannot be powered on for a long time; the present invention highly integrates temperature acquisition, humidity acquisition, attitude data acquisition, four-way voltage, and four-way current acquisition in a circuit board, and greatly reduces the failure rate of circuit connection due to the high reliability of the circuit connection in the board; the present invention organically encapsulates each parameter data in an array through a carefully customized embedded program, and uniformly transmits it to the buoy end data acquisition system on the sea surface, which greatly reduces the data transmission volume;

[0045] Example 1: The electric control cabin control system described in the present invention is limited to the power supply, data transmission and use environment detection of the seafloor seismometer, including the temperature, humidity, attitude, current and voltage signal collection inside the electric control cabin. However, the present invention does not cover the seismometer itself, nor does it include the data collection, data processing and communication back to the shore equipment inside the offshore buoy used in conjunction with it.

[0046] The present invention aims to solve the power supply and data transmission of the marine seismograph located on the seabed. In order to ensure the absolute reliability of these two core functions, two seismographs are required, one of which serves as a backup for the other, regardless of primary or secondary. In this way, the two seismographs need to be independently powered and have independent data transmission links. In addition, in order to grasp the working environment of the seismograph in real time, it is necessary to monitor the temperature, humidity, posture, and power consumption (current and voltage) and other parameters of its working. In order to achieve the above functions, the present invention has specially developed a system, including a highly integrated power switching circuit board and two completely identical data acquisition boards, and the collected data include temperature, humidity, posture, and 4-way current and voltage data. Therefore, the system includes 3 circuit boards, 2 temperature and humidity sensors DHT22, 2 sets of SEC 345 posture sensors and corresponding software systems. The protection of the present invention does not include these two sensors, and the protection of the present invention only includes the power switching board, the data acquisition board and the program in the data acquisition board.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the power supply and data acquisition method for the electric control cabin of a seismic buoy provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0048] S1, using the two mutually exclusive power supply circuits of the power switching board and the holding characteristics of the magnetic latching relay, performs hardware-type automatic switching, so that when any one circuit is disconnected, the other circuit is thrown to different seismographs and data acquisition boards for power supply, and when both power supply circuits are disconnected, the backup battery is activated to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards through the magnetic latching relay;

[0049] S2, using the data acquisition board to collect the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and attitude of the electric control cabin, as well as the attitude data of the seismograph fixed to the electric control cabin;

[0050] S3, encapsulates the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and posture data collected by the data acquisition board into an array, and saves it in the FLASH of the main control chip integrated in the data acquisition board. After receiving the query command from the host computer, the main program of the data acquisition board returns the above data to the host computer in a certain order to realize data upload.

[0051] Embodiment 2, as Figure 2As shown, the seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0052] The power switching board is used to perform hardware-type automatic switching through two mutually exclusive power supply circuits and the holding characteristics of the magnetic latching relay, so that when any one circuit is disconnected, the other circuit can be used to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards, and when both power supply circuits are disconnected, the backup battery is activated to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards through the magnetic latching relay;

[0053] The data acquisition board is used to collect the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and attitude of the electric control compartment, as well as the attitude data of the seismograph fixed to the electric control compartment;

[0054] The data transmission module is used to encapsulate the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and posture data collected by the data acquisition board into an array and save it in the FLASH of the main control chip integrated in the data acquisition board. After receiving the query command from the host computer, the main program of the data acquisition board returns the above data to the host computer in a certain order to realize data upload.

[0055] For example, Figure 3 As shown, the power switching board includes two 48V power input terminals; the two 48V power input terminals are respectively connected to the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit;

[0056] The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 1st pin of the magnetic latching relay K1;

[0057] The other path is connected to the 6th pin and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 through a diode, and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 is connected to the first seismograph and the first data acquisition board;

[0058] The DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 and the 1st pin of the magnetic latching relay K2;

[0059] The other path is connected to the 6th pin and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 through a diode, and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 is connected to the second seismograph and the second data acquisition board;

[0060] The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is mutually exclusive with the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit through the magnetic latching characteristics of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2.

[0061] The power switching board also includes a backup battery; the backup battery is connected to the 6th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 6th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 through different diodes, and is not conductive to the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit.

[0062] The second pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the second pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 are both connected to an adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit; the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit adjusts the pulse width through the capacitor C16 or the resistor R1;

[0063] In the initial stage of power-on, the third pin of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit U1 outputs a high level, causing Q1 to be turned on, Q1 is connected to the second pin of the common end of the excitation coil of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2, and the third pin of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is connected to GND, Q1 is turned on, the excitation coil is electrically turned on to form a loop; from the initial power-on, the capacitor C16 is charged from 0 potential, and when the upper end of the capacitor C16 is charged to one-third of VCC, the third pin of U1 realizes level inversion and outputs a low level, thereby turning off Q1; the excitation coils of the magnetic latching relays K1 and K2 cannot form a loop and lose current, protecting the magnetic latching relays K1 and K2;

[0064] The length of time from 0 potential to one-third VCC of capacitor C16 is determined by the RC charging circuit composed of resistor R1 and capacitor C16. The time calculation formula is T=1.1*R1*C16, unit: second; in order to discharge the electric energy of capacitor C16 in time when the circuit is switched, the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is equipped with K4 relay, and the two ends of capacitor C16 are connected to the normally closed terminal and the common terminal of K4. Once the two main power supplies are disconnected, K4 is in a closed state, and the electric energy of C16 is quickly released; the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit are switched, and C16 starts to charge from 0 and releases in time.

[0065] The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the middle of the first pin line of the magnetic latching relay K2, and is also connected in parallel with the first peak absorption circuit;

[0066] The front end of the line of the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 is also connected in parallel with a second peak absorption circuit;

[0067] The first peak absorption circuit and the second peak absorption circuit both include: a capacitor and a resistor connected in parallel to each other, and the capacitor and the resistor are connected in parallel and disconnected from the ground terminal through a diode.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit has the same structure as the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit, and converts the input 48V into 15V through its own integrated buck chip and the capacitor and resistor connected to the buck chip to supply power to the outside.

[0069] For example, Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the data acquisition board includes a data acquisition power supply unit, and the data acquisition power supply unit includes a power supply input submodule, a 5V circuit submodule, and a 3.3V circuit submodule;

[0070] The respective serial ports of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2 of the power switching board supply power to the power input submodule, which passes through the fuse F1, and the capacitors C38 and C39 are used as input filter capacitors. Then, the 5V circuit submodule adopts the IC1 DCDC step-down chip to support a wide voltage input of 5.5-15V. The output voltage is stabilized at 5V through the feedback network composed of resistors R32 and R34. The 5V voltage provided by the 5V circuit submodule is linearly stepped down to 3.3V by the step-down chip of the 3.3V circuit submodule, providing a stable low ripple voltage for the crystal oscillator chip U9, the RS485 communication chip U1, the attitude sensor chip U2, and the temperature and humidity sensor submodule.

[0071] The 138th pin of the crystal oscillator chip U9 is the bootload startup selection pin, and the resistor R82 is a pull-down resistor, and the FLASH firmware program is selected to start by default; the 32nd pin is connected to the power supply 3.3V as the reference power supply of ADC; the other pins of the crystal oscillator chip U9 are respectively connected to 3.3V and GND, and the 3.3V is respectively connected to the capacitor C76-capacitor C87 filter capacitor;

[0072] The RS485 communication chip U1 is used for communication with the buoy end. The chip adopts ADM3485. D1 and D2 are TVS diodes for suppressing surge pulses. Resistors R3 and R1 are pull-up and pull-down resistors. Resistors R2 are terminal matching resistors, which jointly ensure the smooth progress of 485 communication.

[0073] The attitude sensor submodule adopts the U2 chip, and capacitors C2 and C5 are external matching capacitors of the internal charge pump, which convert the 3.3V level into the standard level of RS232 -15V to +15V; capacitor C3 is a filter capacitor, resistor R4 is a pull-up resistor, and resistor R5 is a pull-down resistor, so that the U2 chip is enabled by default.

[0074] The data acquisition board data also includes the current and voltage acquisition modules inside and outside the electric control warehouse, specifically including the 48V first input current / voltage detection submodule, the 48V second input current / voltage detection submodule, the 12V first input current / voltage detection submodule, and the 12V second input current / voltage detection submodule;

[0075] The 48V 1st input current / voltage detection submodule and the 48V 2nd input current / voltage detection submodule are used for voltage and current collection of the two 48V power input terminals of the power switching board;

[0076] The 12V first input current / voltage detection submodule and the 12V second input current / voltage detection submodule are used for current and voltage collection of the backup battery and the seismograph load.

[0077] Working principle: The power switch board is designed as shown in the attached Figure 3 As shown, basic electronic components are used to achieve power supply switching through ingenious design. In order to reduce power consumption, the magnetic latching relay HF115F-L is used. In addition, due to the particularity of the design of the magnetic latching relay, the excitation coil cannot be energized for a long time, otherwise it will cause the internal permanent magnet to demagnetize and be damaged. Therefore, an adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is specially designed for this purpose, as shown in Figure 3 The lower left submodule in the figure can adjust the pulse width through capacitor C16 or resistor R1. The logic of switching between two power sources mainly utilizes the idea of ​​mutual exclusion between the two channels and the retention characteristics of the magnetic latching relay (maintaining the original state when power is off). For example, when one of the channels 48V_INPUT_1 is energized, then 48V will be energized through the DCDC voltage conversion circuit (upper right conversion submodule) 15V_1. The 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 2nd pin (not directly grounded) form an excitation circuit, then the 5th and 6th pins are closed, and the circuit is connected to supply power to the first seismograph and other equipment. At the same time, the 1st pin of K2 is excited (forming a loop with the 2nd pin), and its 5th and 6th pins are disconnected, so the second seismograph is not powered. Due to the existence of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit, the third pin of its core component NE555 outputs a high level within the short time of 10 seconds after being powered on, making the switch tube Q1 turned on, the second pin of Q1 connected to the second pin of the excitation ground loop of k1 and k2, and the third pin connected to GND. In this way, the excitation coil needs not only the 8th pin or the 1st pin to be powered, but also Q1 to be turned on, and the second pin of K1 or K2 to GND through Q1.

[0078] With this clever design, the two power supplies form a mutually exclusive mechanism, that is, when the first one is turned on, the second one must be disconnected, and vice versa. When the main circuit forms the power supply, due to the presence of two diodes D2 and D4, the voltage on the right is 15-0.7V (diode conduction voltage), which is higher than the battery's 14-0.7V. If 15V_1 is powered, then diode D2 must be cut off, so the battery connected to this path will not output current, and at this time, due to the non-conduction of K2, the other battery will not output current backwards. Similarly, when 48V_INPUT_1 is disconnected and 48V_INPUT_2 is connected, the second circuit is connected and the first circuit is completely disconnected. This realizes the hardware-based automatic switching of the two main power supplies. In addition, if it is assumed that the first circuit is disconnected, the second power supply is also disconnected after a period of time. At this time, due to the magnetic holding characteristics of K2, its 5th and 6th pins are closed, so there is no voltage on the left end of diode D11, and the right end is also instantly powered off. At this time, the voltage on the left side of D2 is the battery voltage, so it will be turned on, and the backup battery will be powered normally through D2. Similarly, if the second route is disconnected first and the first route is disconnected later, the 5th and 6th pins of K1 are also closed, and the backup battery will also power the first seismograph and other equipment through the first route.

[0079] For example, another function of the power switch board is to convert the 48V sent from the buoy on the sea surface into a DCDC voltage step-down converter. The voltage conversion of the two channels uses two identical independent voltage step-down submodules, such as Figure 3 The upper and lower submodules on the right support a wide voltage input of 60-20V. Due to line loss in long-distance transmission, the power supply voltage at the buoy end on the sea surface should be as high as possible, preferably above 40V. The two buck submodules use domestic core buck chips and SL3043 as the main control chip. They have wide voltage input, constant voltage or constant current output, and over-temperature, over-voltage and over-current protection functions. Since 5A is required for DCDC, it is already a high power category, so there are higher requirements for the switch tube Q2, inductor L5 and freewheeling diode D17. Its topology adopts asynchronous BUCK to control the conduction duty cycle of the Q2 switch to achieve stable voltage output. In addition, resistors R24 and R25 form a voltage feedback circuit to ensure the stable output of the voltage. Due to the possibility of short circuit during the use of the circuit, resistors R18 and R19 are connected in parallel to limit the output current to 5A. After overall calculation, the overall current of the present invention is within 2A (12V), so the current has a 2.5-fold redundancy design.

[0080] For example, Figure 4The function of the data acquisition board is to collect the temperature, humidity, current, voltage and attitude of the electric control warehouse, and transmit the data back to the buoy data processing center at a fixed time. The core chip of the data acquisition board uses STM32F103ZET6, and two serial ports are reserved. The first serial port is used for data communication with the buoy, and U1AMD3485 is used for 485 level conversion. The second serial port is used for data communication with the attitude sensor SEC 345. In addition, the pin PA12 single bus mode is used to communicate with the DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor. In addition, 8-way ADC is used for current and voltage collection, among which the current collection uses the domestic chip CC6921SO-10A to collect the current analog quantity. Its principle is a Hall sensor. By inputting different currents, a Hall voltage is linearly generated, and the voltage and current can be matched by mathematical formulas. The analog quantity collection of this Hall voltage uses the ADC function of STM32. For STM32, it can only detect voltages within 3.3V. For high voltages such as 48V and 15V, the resistor voltage is divided to reduce it proportionally. The power supply of the data acquisition board is first reduced to 5V by TPS54302 to power the four current sampling chips CC6921SO-10A. The 5V is linearly reduced to 3.3V by LD1117 to power the main chip STM32, serial port chip, sensor, etc.

[0081] like Figure 5 The temperature and humidity collection of the data acquisition board uses the DHT22 sensor, which uses a single bus data transmission. The DOUT pin of the sensor is connected to the first interface of the P2 terminal, and then to the PA12 pin of the STM32F103 core chip. VCC and GND are respectively connected to the third and second interfaces of the P2 terminal of the data acquisition board. And the third interface of P2 can be controlled by Q12, and the specific control pin is the PE2 pin of the main control chip U9. The program implementation idea is to collect temperature and humidity data every 30 seconds.

[0082] The attitude sensor SEC 345 collects data through the second serial port of the core control chip U9. Its purpose is to collect the attitude data of the electric control compartment and the seismograph fixed to the electric control compartment, that is, the three data words of Pitch angle, Roll angle and Heading angle.

[0083] The above data values ​​including temperature and humidity, 4-way current and voltage, and attitude data are encapsulated into an array and saved in the FLASH of the main control chip. As long as the host computer issues a query command, the acquisition board system software will return the above data to the host computer in a certain order, and include the address code of the data acquisition board itself (to distinguish between the two sets of data acquisition boards and the seismograph). This solution has extremely high data transmission efficiency, and the entire data transmission can be completed in 300ms.

[0084] For example, Figure 6 It is a flow chart of a data acquisition program of a data acquisition board provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 6 In the interrupt program of serial port 1, the data query request from the buoy is waited. After receiving the request, the data in Array_D is passed to the buoy, and the buoy performs data parsing.

[0086] Example 3, as another implementation of the present invention, the power supply and data acquisition method of the seismic buoy electric control cabin provided in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:

[0087] (1) Specific implementation plan of the power switching board: K1 / K2 is a magnetic latching relay, which has a magnetic latching characteristic and has two excitation coils with opposite directions, pin 8-pin 2 or pin 1-pin 2. The magnetic latching relay, whether it is powered by pin 8 or pin 1, when these two pins are not powered, will rely on magnetism to maintain the connected state before power failure, that is, when pin 8 is turned from on to off, pins 5 and 6 are still connected, and when pin 1 is disconnected, pins 5 and 6 remain disconnected. These two coils cannot be powered at the same time, and the power supply time of a single coil should not exceed 2 minutes, otherwise it will cause the internal permanent magnet to demagnetize and lose the magnetic latching function. For this purpose, an adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit with short-time excitation power supply delay disconnection is specially designed, as shown in the sub-module in the lower left figure.

[0088] First of all, in terms of the working principle of delayed power-off, it uses the U1 NE555 chip to form a monostable delay circuit. In the initial stage of power-on, the third pin of U1 will output a high level, causing Q1 to turn on. Q1 is connected to the second pin of the common end of the excitation coils of K1 and K2, and the third pin is connected to GND. Only when Q1 turns on the excitation coil can it be energized and conduct to form a loop. From the initial power-on, capacitor C16 is charged from 0 potential. When the upper end of C16 is charged to one-third of VCC (the level of the eighth pin of U1), its third pin realizes level inversion and outputs a low level, thereby turning off Q1. The excitation coils of K1 and K2 cannot form a loop and lose current, protecting the magnetic holding relay. The length of time from 0 potential to one-third of VCC of C16 is determined by the RC charging circuit composed of resistor R1 and capacitor C16. The time calculation formula is as follows: Figure 3As shown in (T = 1.1*R1*C16, unit: seconds). In order to ensure that the electric energy of capacitor C16 is discharged in time when the circuit is switched, a K4 relay is installed in this circuit. The two ends of capacitor C16 are connected to the normally closed terminal and the common terminal of K4. Once the two main power supplies are disconnected, K4 is in a closed state, thereby quickly releasing the electric energy of capacitor C16. The advantage of this is that the two main power supplies can be switched quickly, and capacitor C16 can be quickly charged from 0 and released in time.

[0089] The main circuit power supply switch is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the entire circuit board is divided into 4 parts. The upper left dual power supply switching logic control unit submodule is used to realize the switching of the 2-way main power supply and the backup battery circuit. The independent 2-way 48V circuit sent from the buoy end passes through D5 (D10, indicating the second way, which will not be repeated below), and then passes through the upper right DC / DC voltage conversion circuit (DC / DC 15V output 1 module), and is stepped down to 15V and divided into 2 ways. One way is used to provide excitation current for the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 (K2) and the 1st pin of K2. The circuit direction is as follows Figure 3 The other route is sent to the 6th pin of K1 (K2) through D6 (D11, indicating the second route, which will not be described in detail below). When the first route is powered, the 5th and 6th pins of K1 are connected, thereby powering the subsequent first seismograph (seismograph 1). If the first route is disconnected, the buoy end will supply power to the second route, and at this time, the excitation current will be provided to the 1st pin (8th pin) of K1 (K2). At this time, the 5th and 6th pins of K1 are disconnected, and since K2 is powered by the 8th pin, the 5th and 6th pins of K2 are connected, thereby powering the second seismograph (seismograph 2). Regardless of whether the first (second) power supply is normal, D2 (D4) connected to the battery circuit is cut off and does not supply power backward because the battery voltage on the left is lower than 14.4V-0.7V (the maximum voltage allowed for battery charging, where 0.7 is the voltage drop of the diode), because the voltage on the right side of diode D2 (D4) is increased to 15-0.7V by the DC / DC step-down circuit (DC / DC 15V output 1 module or DC / DC 15V output 2 module). The diode D4 connected to the second path does not have a 15-0.7V voltage on the right side (0.7 is the voltage drop of the diode), but the 5th and 6th pins of K2 are disconnected, so it will not supply power backward.

[0090] Once both main power supplies are broken, the current of the backup battery can flow all the way to supply power. However, at this time, only one of the K1 and K2 relays is connected. The specific one that is connected depends on which one is powered off before and after the power is cut off. The magnetic latching relay connected to it maintains the on characteristic, while the other one is in the disconnected state.

[0091] In this way, the two main power supplies can back up each other, regardless of primary or secondary. If both power supplies are disconnected at the same time, the battery will be used for backup power supply.

[0092] (2) Specific implementation plan of the data acquisition board: The data acquisition board is divided into two sub-schematic diagrams (see Appendix Figure 4 , Figure 5 ), with Figure 4 It is the main control chip submodule with U9 (STM32F103ZET6) as the core control chip. The upper left submodule is the MCU pinout diagram. There are 8 ADC analog acquisition pins, PF6, PF7, PF8, PF9, PC0, PC1, PC2, and PC3, which are used for current and voltage acquisition. PA2, PA3, PF14, PF15, and PG0 are used to control the U2 (MAX3221EEAE+T) module and to connect the SEC 345 attitude sensor. PA9, PA10, and PA11 are used to connect the 485 chip U1 (ADM3485) of serial port 1 to communicate with the buoy end. PA13 and PA14 are used for program download and are connected to J23 with VCC and GND in the attached Figure 4 The lower left corner. PC14 and PC15 in the above figure are used to connect the 32KHz low-speed crystal oscillator. The connection and use of the low-speed crystal oscillator (Q13FC1350000200) are shown in the 32KHz low-speed crystal oscillator submodule. Among them, capacitors C71 and C73 are the load matching capacitors of the crystal oscillator, in order to achieve the precise frequency output of the crystal oscillator. OSC_IN and OSC_OUT are connected to the 8MHz high-speed crystal oscillator (X32258MOB4SI). Its use is as follows Figure 4 In the 8MHz high-speed crystal oscillator submodule, capacitors C72 and C74 are also load matching capacitors, which are also used to achieve the precise frequency output of the crystal oscillator. Figure 4 , U9's 138th pin is the bootload selection pin, resistor R82 is a pull-down resistor, and the default selection is FLASH firmware program startup. Pin 32 is connected to the power supply 3.3V as the reference power supply for ADC. The remaining U9B pins are as follows Figure 4 As shown, connect 3.3V and GND respectively. Figure 4 , capacitor C76 - capacitor C87 are the filter capacitors of the microcontroller U9.

[0093] like Figure 4, RS485 communication chip U1 is used for communication with the buoy end, in which the chip adopts ADM3485, D1 and D2 are TVS diodes for suppressing surge pulses (TVS working principle: TVS is a special diode with a large area of ​​PN junction, which can quickly change high impedance to low impedance under the impact of reverse transient surge voltage. When TVS receives reverse transient surge voltage, its working impedance will decrease rapidly, allowing large current to pass through, while clamping the voltage below a predetermined maximum clamping voltage, thereby protecting the circuit from high voltage damage.) Resistors R3 and R1 are pull-up and pull-down resistors, and resistor R2 is a terminal matching resistor, which jointly ensures the smooth progress of 485 communication. The attitude sensor submodule in the figure adopts U2 (MAX3221EEAE+T) chip. For specific connections, please refer to the MCU pin allocation submodule. Capacitors C2 and C5 are external matching capacitors for the internal charge pump, and their purpose is to convert the 3.3V level to the standard level of RS232 -15V to +15V. Capacitor C3 is a filter capacitor, resistor R4 is a pull-up resistor, and resistor R5 is a pull-down resistor, so that this chip is in an enabled state by default.

[0094] like Figure 5 The top row and three columns are the power supply part of the entire data acquisition board, including power input, 5V circuit sub-module, 3.3V circuit sub-module. K1 or K2 of the power switching board supplies power to the power acquisition board, passes through a 5A fuse F1, capacitors C38 and C39 are used as input filter capacitors, and then pass through the 5V circuit sub-module, which uses IC1 (TPS54302) DCDC step-down chip to support 5.5-15V wide voltage input. The output voltage is stabilized at 5V through the feedback network composed of resistors R32 and R34 (the voltage regulation principle is to use the negative feedback mechanism. When the back-end outputs a voltage slightly higher than the set voltage, a signal will be fed back to the input, and the input reduces the duty cycle of the input pulse voltage. Through the filtering of the back stage, a pulsating low voltage can be output. Conversely, the same is true, thereby dynamically realizing the output voltage stabilization at a given voltage), L1 is used as the energy storage inductor of the DCDC circuit, capacitor C31 is used as the startup capacitor of IC1, and capacitors C43 and C44 are used as filter capacitors for 5V output. The power supply provided by the 3.3V circuit submodule on the far right uses LD1117 to linearly step down the 5V voltage to 3.3V, providing a stable low-ripple voltage for the main chips U9, U1, and U2. Capacitors C34 and C35 are input filter capacitors for U8, and capacitors C36 and C37 are 3.3V output filter capacitors.

[0095] like Figure 5 The attitude sensor submodule provides connection terminals for the attitude sensor SEC 345 and provides a 5V power supply for it. The temperature and humidity sensor submodule provides connection terminals for the temperature and humidity sensor DHT22.

[0096] The current and voltage acquisition module inside and outside the electric control compartment is divided into 4 sub-modules, and the circuits of these four sub-modules are almost identical. The main difference is in testing 48V and testing 12V voltage, including: 48V first input current / voltage detection sub-module, 48V second input current / voltage detection sub-module, 12V first input current / voltage detection sub-module, 12V second input current / voltage detection sub-module;

[0097] Since the STM32F103 microcontroller can only support voltage measurement within 3.3V, 48V needs to be sampled using a 2.7 / 53.7 resistor divider, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the measured voltage value can be multiplied by the coefficient of 53.7 / 2.7 to get the real voltage. Similarly, the 12V voltage test is the same, but the voltage division is 5.3 / 1. The current uses the CC6921SO-10A chip, which can realize the collection of current within 10A, and the linear Hall sensor principle is used internally.

[0098] The current and voltage acquisition module is divided into 4 submodules. For example, taking the upper left 48V first input current / voltage detection submodule as an example, resistors R41 and R42 are voltage divider resistors as mentioned above. The 48V voltage from P5 is divided to obtain a voltage within 3.3V that is convenient for the single-chip microcomputer to collect, and then input to the IP+ pin of U14. The current flows to the DCDC15V module through the IP-pin, and a voltage within 5V can be output at the 12 pin of U14. This voltage value is proportional to the aforementioned current. Since the single-chip microcomputer cannot detect a voltage exceeding 3.3V; therefore, resistors R46 and R47 are divided to obtain a voltage within 2.5V, where 2.5V corresponds to 10A current and 0V corresponds to 0A current. Capacitors C48 and C55 are filter capacitors, the purpose of which is to filter the pulsating DC output by the chip to form a flat DC waveform, which is convenient for the stable collection of the single-chip microcomputer.

[0099] The two 48V voltages and currents on the left are used for 2-way voltage and current acquisition of the main power supply, and the upper and lower 12V acquisitions on the right are used for current and voltage acquisition of the battery and seismograph load. Among them, the voltage may reach 15V, so the voltage coefficient can be selected to measure up to 15V.

[0100] (3) Figure 6As shown in the figure, the detailed scheme of data acquisition program is as follows: the data acquisition in data acquisition mainly includes 4-channel voltage and current data, 1-channel temperature and humidity data acquisition, and 1-channel attitude sensor acquisition. The current and voltage acquisition is implemented by STM32F103ADC3, with a total of 8 acquisitions. The technical idea is that ADC3 acquires 8 analog quantities, and then uses DMA to transfer the data to an array. Since the reference voltage of ADC uses 3.3V power supply voltage, 3.3V will inevitably fluctuate due to the operation of the program. Therefore, the 17th channel of ADC1 is used to acquire the standard reference voltage source 1.2V. The reference voltage of the 1.2V AD value acquired by the 17th channel is also based on the 3.3V of the power supply as the reference voltage. In this way, the true voltage value of the power supply voltage can be deduced based on this, and the reference voltage calibration can be realized. The 17th channel is an internal channel of the microcontroller and is a virtual concept.

[0101] Then, the reference voltage calculated after calibration is used as the true reference voltage to calculate the 8 AD values. For example: Assume that the AD value AD17 collected by the 17th channel of ADC1 is 2000. According to the ADC conversion principle, AD17 = 1.2 * Vref / 4096, and 1.2V is an accurate and constant voltage value. No matter how Vref changes, the 1.2V voltage value will not change. Therefore, Vref = 4096 * 1.2 / AD17. At different times, Vref will fluctuate with the change of the microcontroller load (different running programs or different peripheral interfaces). Then AD17 will follow the change, but the reference voltage Vref at this time can be calculated more accurately, and the change is very small in a very short time. Then ADC3 is sampled, so the reference voltage involved in the calculation can be considered to be constant in a short time, which is basically equal to the Vref just calculated mentioned above. Such a mechanism achieves the purpose of reference voltage calibration.

[0102] Next, the actual current and voltage values ​​are calculated based on the voltage and current formulas and coefficients and saved in an array. Figure 5 In the (48V 1st input current / voltage detection) submodule, if the AD value collected by ADC3 (PC3_ADC123_IN13) is AD_IN13, then the voltage of the PC3 pin of the microcontroller can be calculated as V_PC3 = AD_IN13*Vref / 4096. Since this voltage value is divided by the resistor R41 and the resistor R42, that is, V_PC3 = V_IN*R41 / (R41+R42), V_IN is the real input voltage. Therefore, V_IN = V_PC3 / (R41 / (R41+R42)) = V_PC3*53.7 / 2.7, thus obtaining the test voltage value.

[0103] The conversion of current is similar to that of voltage. Assume that the voltage measured at the pin PC2_ADC123_IN12 of the microcontroller is V_PC2, which is the voltage divided by the resistors R46 and R47. Combined with the schematic diagram, it can be seen that the output voltage of pin 12 of U14 is Vout_12=V_PC2*(R46+R47) / R47=2*V_PC2. According to the data sheet of U14, the current value is in direct proportional linear relationship with the output voltage, that is, 0V corresponds to 0 ampere current, 5V corresponds to 10A current, and the current value calculation formula is I=10*Vout / 5, so the current value can be calculated.

[0104] The temperature and humidity acquisition implementation scheme, the temperature and humidity sensor is a mature product DHT22 that has been calibrated, using a single bus structure, and the sensor supplier provides a driver for DHT22. The acquisition program can obtain temperature and humidity data by calling the uint8_tDHT22_Read_Data(uint8_t*temperature,uint8_t*humidity) function, where the return value is 1 to indicate a transmission error and the data is discarded, and the return value is 0 to accept the data. The sensor uses a simple addition check method. The received data is 40 bits, which is divided into 4 bytes. The first byte is the high bit of humidity, the second byte is the low bit of humidity, the third byte is the high bit of temperature, the fourth byte is the low bit of temperature, and the fifth byte is the check bit. If the lower 8 bits of the sum of the first four bytes are equal to the fifth byte, the check is legal and the data is accepted, otherwise the data is discarded. After the main program receives the data from the sensor, it first performs a check test, and after the check passes. The temperature and humidity data are parsed according to the sensor protocol. The specific conversion process is that the first byte is converted to u16 format, then shifted left by 8 bits, and the u16 value added to the second byte is the temperature value. Similarly, the third byte is converted to u16 format, then shifted left by 8 bits, and the u16 value added to the fourth byte is the humidity value.

[0105] Attitude sensor data acquisition solution, attitude sensor SEC 345 is a mature product that supports MODBUS protocol. As long as the command 7704000408 is sent to it through serial port 2, the pitch angle, roll angle, and azimuth angle data sent back by the sensor can be obtained. The received response data is such as 770D 008410268000336503137166, where 77 is the label symbol, 0D is the data length, 00 represents the address code, 84 represents the command word, and the next 3 bytes represent 1 angle information. The last byte 66 is the checksum. The underlined part is the BCD code of the three angles. The first digit is the sign (1 represents a negative value, 0 represents a positive value, and the last two digits are the decimal part, such as 102680 represents -26.8°). After receiving the data, the main program first performs a check. After passing the check, the group of data is accepted and the corresponding three angle information is taken out and saved in the corresponding array.

[0106] The main program enables the 1st serial port interruption to wait for the buoy end to query the electric control chamber parameters at any time. After receiving the query command, the 4-way current and voltage information, temperature and humidity information, and attitude information are synthesized into array data and uploaded to the buoy data collection system through the 1st serial port. In this way, the functions of data collection, analysis, storage, and upload are realized.

[0107] The implementation process of the program is basically as described above. For detailed description, see the program flow. Figure 6 part.

[0108] Example 4, application scenario: After the power supply switching test, the present invention can be completed within 2-3 seconds according to the estimated switching of actual usage conditions, and when the two circuits are in normal use, a programmable power supply that can display current and voltage values ​​is used to simulate the battery, and the output current is 0. After the main power supply is disconnected, the battery immediately enables the backup power supply. The data acquisition board passed the current and voltage acquisition test, and the 15V and 48V voltage test values ​​fluctuated within 5%. The current was tested at 0.5A, 1A, and 1.5A, and the test value deviation from the reading of the electronic load meter was within 10%, basically achieving the current and voltage test target. Normal data output is also achieved for the data reading of the temperature, humidity, and attitude sensors.

[0109] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system, characterized in that: The system includes: The power switching board is used to perform hardware-type automatic switching through two mutually exclusive power supply circuits and the holding characteristics of the magnetic latching relay, so that when any circuit is disconnected, the other circuit can still supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards; when both power supply circuits are disconnected, the backup battery is activated to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards through the magnetic latching relay; Data acquisition board, used to collect temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and attitude of the electric control compartment; collect attitude data of the seismograph fixed to the electric control compartment; The data transmission module is used to encapsulate the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and posture data collected by the data acquisition board into an array and save it in the FLASH of the main control chip integrated in the data acquisition board. After receiving the query command from the host computer, the main program of the data acquisition board returns the above data to the host computer in sequence to realize data upload.

2. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power switching board includes: two 48V power input terminals; the two 48V power input terminals are respectively connected to a DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and a DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit; One path of the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 1st pin of the magnetic latching relay K1; the other path is connected to the 6th pin and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 through a diode, and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 is connected to the first seismograph and the first data acquisition board; One path of the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 and the 1st pin of the magnetic latching relay K2; the other path is connected to the 6th pin and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 through a diode, and the 5th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 is connected to the second seismograph and the second data acquisition board; The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is mutually exclusive with the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit through the magnetic latching characteristics of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2.

3. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The power switching board also includes a backup battery, which is connected to the 6th pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the 6th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 through different diodes, and is not conductive to the DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit.

4. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second pin of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the second pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 are both connected to an adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit, and the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit adjusts the pulse width through the capacitor C16 or the resistor R1; In the initial stage of power-on, the RS485 communication chip U1 of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit outputs a high level at the third pin of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit, so that the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the transistor Q1 is connected to the second pin of the common end of the excitation coil of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2. The third pin of the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is connected to GND, and the excitation coil of the transistor Q1 is turned on to form a loop; from the initial power-on, the capacitor C16 is charged from 0 potential, and the upper end of the capacitor C16 is charged to one-third of VCC, and the third pin of the RS485 communication chip U1 realizes level inversion and outputs a low level, thereby turning off the transistor Q1; the excitation coils of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2 cannot form a loop and lose current, thereby protecting the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2; The length of time from 0 potential to one-third VCC of capacitor C16 is determined by the RC charging circuit composed of resistor R1 and capacitor C16, and the time calculation formula is T=1.1*R1*C16; in order to discharge the electric energy of capacitor C16 in time when the circuit is switched, the adjustable pulse width delay power-off circuit is equipped with relay K4, and the two ends of capacitor C16 are connected to the normally closed terminal and the common terminal of relay K4. Once the two main power supplies are disconnected, relay K4 is in a closed state, and the electric energy of capacitor C16 is quickly released; The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit and the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit are switched, and the capacitor C16 starts to charge from 0 and is released in time.

5. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit is connected to the middle of the first pin line of the magnetic latching relay K2, and is also connected in parallel with the first peak absorption circuit; The front end of the line of the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit connected to the 8th pin of the magnetic latching relay K2 is also connected in parallel with a second peak absorption circuit; The first peak absorption circuit and the second peak absorption circuit both include: a capacitor and a resistor connected in parallel to each other, and the capacitor and the resistor are connected in parallel and then disconnected from the ground terminal through a diode.

6. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The DC-DC 15V_1 voltage conversion circuit has the same structure as the DC-DC 15V_2 voltage conversion circuit, and converts the input 48V into 15V through the integrated step-down chip and the capacitor and resistor connected to the step-down chip, respectively, to supply power to the outside.

7. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition board includes an acquisition power supply unit, and the data acquisition power supply unit includes a power supply input submodule, a 5V circuit submodule, and a 3.3V circuit submodule; The respective serial ports of the magnetic latching relay K1 and the magnetic latching relay K2 of the power switching board supply power to the power input submodule, which passes through the fuse F1, and the capacitors C38 and C39 are used as input filter capacitors. Then, the 5V circuit submodule adopts the IC1 DCDC step-down chip to support a wide voltage input of 5.5-15V. The output voltage is stabilized at 5V through the feedback network composed of resistors R32 and R34. The 5V voltage provided by the 5V circuit submodule is linearly stepped down to 3.3V by the step-down chip of the 3.3V circuit submodule, providing a stable low ripple voltage for the crystal oscillator chip U9, the RS485 communication chip U1, the attitude sensor chip U2, and the temperature and humidity sensor submodule. Pin 138 of the crystal oscillator chip U9 is the bootload startup selection pin, resistor R82 is a pull-down resistor, and the FLASH firmware program is selected to start by default; pin 32 is connected to the power supply 3.3V as the reference power supply for ADC; the other pins of the crystal oscillator chip U9 are respectively connected to 3.3V and GND, and the 3.3V is respectively connected to capacitors C76-C87 filter capacitors.

8. The seismic buoy electric control compartment power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The RS485 communication chip U1 is used for communication with the buoy end. The chip adopts ADM3485. The diode D1 and the diode D2 are TVS diodes for suppressing surge pulses. The resistor R3 and the resistor R1 are pull-up and pull-down resistors. The resistor R2 is the terminal matching resistor, which together ensure the smooth progress of 485 communication. The attitude sensor submodule adopts the U2 chip, and capacitors C2 and C5 are external matching capacitors of the internal charge pump, which convert the 3.3V level into the standard level of RS232 -15V to +15V; capacitor C3 is a filter capacitor, resistor R4 is a pull-up resistor, and resistor R5 is a pull-down resistor, so that the U2 chip is enabled by default.

9. The seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition board data also includes the current and voltage acquisition modules inside and outside the electric control warehouse, specifically including the 48V first input current / voltage detection submodule, the 48V second input current / voltage detection submodule, the 12V first input current / voltage detection submodule, and the 12V second input current / voltage detection submodule; The 48V 1st input current / voltage detection submodule and the 48V 2nd input current / voltage detection submodule are used for voltage and current collection of the two 48V power input terminals of the power switching board; The 12V first input current / voltage detection submodule and the 12V second input current / voltage detection submodule are used for current and voltage collection of the backup battery and the seismograph load.

10. A method for power supply and data collection of an electric control cabin of a seismic buoy, characterized in that: The method applies the seismic buoy electric control cabin power supply and data acquisition system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method comprises: S1, using the two mutually exclusive power supply circuits of the power switching board and the holding characteristics of the magnetic latching relay, hardware-type automatic switching is performed to complete the completion of the other circuit still supplying power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards when any one circuit is disconnected, and the backup battery is activated to supply power to different seismographs and data acquisition boards through the magnetic latching relay when both power supply circuits are disconnected; S2, using the data acquisition board to collect the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and attitude of the electric control cabin, as well as the attitude data of the seismograph fixed to the electric control cabin; S3, encapsulates the temperature and humidity, multi-channel current and voltage, and posture data collected by the data acquisition board into an array, and saves it in the FLASH of the main control chip integrated in the data acquisition board. After receiving the query command from the host computer, the main program of the data acquisition board returns the above data to the host computer in a certain order to realize data upload.

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