Outdoor spectral analysis device, photovoltaic module and analysis method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module performance testing, in particular to an outdoor spectral analysis device, a photovoltaic module and an analysis method, and the outdoor spectral analysis device comprises a plurality of narrow-band-pass optical filters with different bandwidths, a current transmitter and a microprocessor; the narrow-band-pass optical filter is arranged in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell and is used for screening a sunlight wave band needing to be measured; the current transmitter is connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the solar cell and used for converting the short-circuit current of the solar cell into a current signal which can be collected and processed by the microprocessor. And the microprocessor is connected with the current transmitter and is used for collecting and processing the current signal converted by the current transmitter. The short-circuit current of the corresponding wave band can be obtained through the device, the corresponding illumination intensity is indirectly obtained, and the outdoor EQE data is obtained; the problems that in the prior art, spectrograph equipment is complex in structure and high in cost, and an outdoor on-site overall EQE test cannot be carried out on a photovoltaic module in a photovoltaic station are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module performance testing, and in particular to an outdoor spectrum analysis device, a photovoltaic module and an analysis method. Background Art

[0002] Energy, as the cornerstone of human existence and sustainable development, is of great importance. Since ancient times, the progress of human civilization has been closely linked to the development and utilization of energy. From the initial firewood era to the widespread use of fossil energy such as coal, oil, and natural gas, each energy revolution has greatly promoted the leap of social productivity and promoted profound changes in the global economic structure. However, with the continuous growth of the global population and the accelerated advancement of industrialization and urbanization, human demand for energy has shown explosive growth. The speed of mining and consumption of traditional fossil energy far exceeds the regeneration capacity of nature, which has triggered a series of serious energy crises. In addition to the energy crisis, the large-scale use of fossil energy has also brought serious environmental problems. Greenhouse gases and pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides produced by burning fossil fuels are the main causes of environmental problems such as global climate change, acid rain, and haze. Extreme weather events caused by global warming are frequent, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities, biodiversity is damaged, and the human living environment faces unprecedented challenges. Faced with increasingly severe energy and environmental crises, humans must seek new energy solutions. Renewable energy, including wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc., is considered to be an effective way to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems because of its clean, sustainable and widely distributed advantages. Among the many renewable energy sources, solar energy has attracted global attention for its unique advantages such as inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free, and not restricted by geographical location. The energy radiated by the sun to the earth every day is huge, far exceeding the current and future energy needs of mankind. Therefore, the development and utilization of solar energy is considered to be one of the fundamental ways to solve the energy crisis.

[0003] There are many ways to utilize solar energy, including photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation, solar water heaters, solar air conditioning, etc. Among them, photovoltaic power generation is currently the most mature and widely used form. Photovoltaic power generation directly converts sunlight into electrical energy through solar panels, and has the advantages of flexible installation, simple maintenance, and long service life. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous decline in costs, photovoltaic power generation has become one of the most competitive renewable energy power generation methods in the world. The core of solar photovoltaic technology lies in the manufacturing and efficiency improvement of solar panels. Solar panels are mainly composed of silicon wafers, cells, glass, backplanes, packaging materials, etc. With the advancement of photovoltaic material science and the improvement of manufacturing processes, the efficiency of solar cells continues to increase and the cost continues to decrease. At present, the average conversion efficiency of commercial photovoltaic cells has exceeded 20%, and some high-efficiency cells developed in laboratories have reached more than 30%. With the growth of the solar photovoltaic power generation industry, the development of high-performance solar cells has become a top priority. For solar cells, an important and irreplaceable means to characterize their device performance and understand the spectral response of the cell is the external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement. In the external quantum efficiency test, when monochromatic light of different wavelengths emitted from the monochromator is incident on the surface of the solar cell, factors such as the solar cell's reflection, absorption and collection efficiency of photogenerated carriers of different energy photons will lead to different short-circuit current densities under the same irradiance conditions. The ratio of the measured short-circuit current density to the irradiance, that is, the ratio of the collected electrons to the number of incident photons, can reflect the spectral response of the device under test.

[0004] The spectrum analyzer can monitor and collect information on the irradiation distribution intensity of sunlight, collect sunlight spectrum data in real time in photovoltaic power stations, and conduct a more in-depth analysis of the power generation performance of solar cells, such as comparative analysis of the spectrum adaptation of each solar cell in the photovoltaic power station, so as to provide reasonable suggestions for the selection of photovoltaic power stations and photovoltaic modules. At the same time, if the overall EQE test of photovoltaic modules can be performed in the photovoltaic station, it will provide data support for the performance analysis and stability analysis of photovoltaic modules. However, traditional spectrometer equipment is usually large in size, complex in structure, and expensive, which is not suitable for personal use or rapid on-site detection, and cannot realize the overall EQE test of photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic station. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problem that the spectrometer equipment in the prior art has a complex structure and high cost, and cannot realize outdoor on-site overall EQE testing of photovoltaic modules in photovoltaic stations, the present invention provides an outdoor spectrum analysis device, photovoltaic module and analysis method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an outdoor spectrum analysis device, comprising a plurality of narrow-bandpass filters with different bandwidths, a current transmitter and a microprocessor; The narrow bandpass filter is arranged in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell to filter the sunlight band required to be measured; The current transmitter is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell and is used to convert the short-circuit current of the solar cell into a current signal that can be collected and processed by the microprocessor; The microprocessor is connected to the current transmitter and is used for collecting and processing the current signal converted by the current transmitter.

[0007] Optionally, the bandwidth interval of the plurality of narrow bandpass filters with different bandwidths is 15 nm to 50 nm.

[0008] Optionally, the bandwidth interval of the plurality of narrow bandpass filters with different bandwidths is 20 nm.

[0009] Optionally, the number of the narrow bandpass filters is set to 41.

[0010] Optionally, the area of ​​the narrow bandpass filter is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the solar cell.

[0011] Optionally, the area of ​​the narrow bandpass filter is equal to the area of ​​the solar cell.

[0012] Optionally, a memory is also included, and the memory is connected to the microprocessor.

[0013] Optionally, the microprocessor is wirelessly connected to the current transmitter.

[0014] A photovoltaic assembly comprises the outdoor spectrum analysis device mentioned above.

[0015] A method for performing spectral analysis using the outdoor spectral analysis device, comprising: Obtain EQE test data of standard solar cells; Replace the narrow bandpass filters in sequence in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell, and obtain the short-circuit current signal corresponding to the narrow bandpass filter band; The EQE test data of the standard solar cell is compared and analyzed with the short-circuit current signal of the corresponding narrow bandpass filter band to obtain the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band; According to the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band, the full spectrum irradiance intensity distribution of sunlight and EQE test data are obtained.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses an outdoor spectrum analysis device, which includes a plurality of narrow-bandpass filters with different bandwidths, a current transmitter and a microprocessor; the narrow-bandpass filter is arranged in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell, and is used to screen the solar light band to be measured; by replacing the narrow-bandpass filters with different bandwidths during the test process, the solar light band to be measured can be accurately screened. The current transmitter is connected to the positive and negative poles of the solar cell, and is used to convert the short-circuit current of the solar cell into a current signal that can be collected and processed by the microprocessor; the current transmitter has high reliability and anti-interference, and can ensure the stability and accuracy of the current signal on site. The microprocessor is connected to the current transmitter, and is used to collect and process the current signal converted by the current transmitter; the microprocessor is used as the control center, which is responsible for collecting and processing the current signal converted by the current transmitter. The microprocessor has strong data processing capabilities and flexibility, and can easily complete various data processing and complex calculations. When conducting outdoor spectral analysis, the EQE of solar cells of the same type as the photovoltaic components to be tested can be measured as verification data; then, through the linear relationship between the EQE data and the short-circuit current, analysis and conversion are performed, and the short-circuit currents corresponding to different bands obtained outdoors are compared and analyzed with the verification data, so as to obtain the EQE data corresponding to different bands; the method of use is simple, and the device has the advantages of portability, real-time and accuracy, etc. It is very suitable for spectral analysis in outdoor environments. By accurately screening the sunlight bands, efficiently converting and collecting current signals, and intelligently processing and analyzing data, the device can provide strong support for the research, development and optimization of solar cells.

[0017] The bandwidth interval of the several narrow-bandpass filters with different bandwidths is 15nm to 50nm. The narrow-bandpass filters with a bandwidth interval in the range of 15nm to 50nm can more accurately select the sunlight band required for measurement. This precise screening helps to reduce the interference of background noise and stray light, thereby improving the accuracy of spectral analysis. By setting a plurality of filters with different bandwidths, a wider range of sunlight bands can be covered, which helps to comprehensively analyze the spectral response characteristics of solar cells and the impact of different bands on solar energy conversion efficiency.

[0018] The bandwidth interval of the plurality of narrow bandpass filters with different bandwidths is 20 nm, and the light intensity of different bands can be obtained at fixed intervals, thereby avoiding interference from spectral overlap and ensuring accurate acquisition of the full band.

[0019] The number of narrow-bandpass filters is 41, which can effectively cover the filtering of the entire wavelength band of sunlight and improve the accuracy of the test.

[0020] The area of ​​the narrow band pass filter is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the solar cell, ensuring that sunlight of the corresponding band is evenly projected onto the solar cell, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test.

[0021] The area of ​​the narrow band pass filter is equal to the area of ​​the solar cell. The precise matching of the filter and the cell area ensures that the solar light can be received by the cell to the maximum extent and only the target test band that is accurately screened by the filter is received.

[0022] It also includes a memory, which is connected to the microprocessor. The memory can store standard EQE data in advance, obtain and store data calculated by the microprocessor, and provide real-time data storage, which helps to enrich data resources and provide guarantee for subsequent in-depth analysis of data.

[0023] The microprocessor is wirelessly connected to the current transmitter, and the wireless connection avoids tedious wiring work and reduces the complexity of system installation and maintenance. At the same time, the wireless communication technology can achieve high-speed and stable data transmission and ensure the real-time update of the current data.

[0024] A photovoltaic module includes the above-mentioned outdoor spectrum analysis device, which can monitor and analyze the changes of the solar spectrum in real time, so as to adjust the spectral response characteristics of the photovoltaic module to better match the solar spectrum and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic module has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, good stability and reliability, low operation and maintenance cost and energy consumption.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for performing spectral analysis using the above-mentioned outdoor spectral analysis device. The method obtains EQE test data of a standard solar cell, and the EQE test data of the standard solar cell can provide a reliable basis for subsequent data conversion and confirmation; narrow bandpass filters are replaced in sequence in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell, and short-circuit current signals of the corresponding narrow bandpass filter bands are obtained. By replacing filters with different bandwidths, coverage and measurement of the full spectrum of sunlight can be achieved; the EQE test data of the standard solar cell are compared and analyzed with the short-circuit current signals of the corresponding narrow bandpass filter bands, and the spectral irradiation intensity distribution of the corresponding bands is obtained, which can significantly improve outdoor The precision of spectral analysis ensures the accuracy and reliability of measurement results. By reacting to light intensity through short-circuit current, the spectral irradiance intensity can be accurately measured under low light conditions, thus improving the scope of application and practicality of the measurement. According to the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band, the full spectrum irradiance intensity distribution of sunlight and EQE test data are obtained, thus achieving full spectrum coverage and measurement of outdoor sunlight. The method is simple and easy to operate, which is suitable for real-time measurement and research of EQE outdoor data of different solar photovoltaic modules. It is of great significance to improve the photoelectric conversion rate of solar photovoltaic modules, promote the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology and industrial upgrading, and make important contributions to building a green, low-carbon and sustainable energy system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of an outdoor spectrum analysis device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of the spectral analysis method.

[0028] Among them, 1- narrow bandpass filter, 2- current transmitter, 3- microprocessor, 4- solar cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", which does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0036] Example 1 See also Figure 1 , the present invention discloses an outdoor spectrum analysis device, comprising a plurality of narrow bandpass filters 1 with different bandwidths, a current transmitter 2 and a microprocessor 3; The narrow bandpass filter 1 is arranged in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell 4 to filter the solar light band to be measured; the bandwidth interval of the narrow bandpass filter 1 is 15nm to 50nm, preferably 15 to 20nm; The current transmitter 2 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell 4 and is used to convert the short-circuit current of the solar cell into a current signal that can be collected and processed by the microprocessor 3; The microprocessor 3 is connected to the current transmitter 2 and is used for collecting and processing the current signal converted by the current transmitter 2 .

[0037] When performing outdoor spectral analysis, the EQE of solar cells of the same type as the photovoltaic components to be tested can be measured as verification data; then, narrow bandpass filters 1 of different bandwidths are replaced in sequence in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell 4 to obtain the corresponding short-circuit current, and the linear relationship between the EQE data and the short-circuit current is used for analysis and conversion, and the short-circuit currents corresponding to different bands obtained outdoors are compared and analyzed with the verification data, so as to obtain the EQE data corresponding to different bands; the method of use is simple, and the device has the advantages of portability, real-time and accuracy, and is very suitable for spectral analysis in outdoor environments. By accurately screening the sunlight bands, efficiently converting and collecting current signals, and intelligently processing and analyzing data, the device can provide strong support for the research, development and optimization of solar cells.

[0038] Example 2 See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides an outdoor spectrum analysis device, comprising a plurality of narrow bandpass filters 1 with different bandwidths, a current transmitter 2, a microprocessor 3 and a memory; The narrow bandpass filter 1 is arranged in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell 4 and is used to filter the sunlight band required to be measured; The current transmitter 2 is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell 4 and is used to convert the short-circuit current of the solar cell into a current signal that can be collected and processed by the microprocessor 3; The microprocessor 3 is connected to the current transmitter 2 and is used to collect and process the current signal converted by the current transmitter 2; preferably, the microprocessor 3 is wirelessly connected to the current transmitter 2; The memory is connected to the microprocessor 3 and is used to store data processed by the microprocessor 3 and EQE test data of a standard solar cell.

[0039] Taking the light intensity test of the sunlight band from 380nm to 1200nm as an example, according to the band from 380nm to 1200nm, a narrow bandpass filter 1 with a bandwidth interval of 20nm is used to divide the band from 380nm to 1200nm into 41 segments; the area of ​​each narrow bandpass filter 1 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the solar cell 4; First, in the laboratory, the EQE data of the standard battery is tested by a spectrometer; then, by replacing the narrow bandpass filter 1, the short-circuit current of different bands is obtained in turn; and according to the relationship between the EQE data of the standard battery and the short-circuit current, it is converted into the corresponding light intensity, so as to obtain the spectral irradiation intensity distribution of the entire band of sunlight from 380nm to 1200nm. In the actual operation process, the short-circuit current signals of all solar cells can be collected at the same time to improve the timeliness and accuracy of the implementation. The collection interval can also be set on the microprocessor as needed, so as to achieve all-weather and long-term tracking and collection of sunlight spectrum data, providing richer data resources for subsequent research on improving solar energy efficiency.

[0040] A photovoltaic module includes the above-mentioned outdoor spectrum analysis device. The outdoor spectrum analysis device can monitor and analyze the changes of the solar spectrum in real time, so as to adjust the spectral response characteristics of the photovoltaic module to better match the solar spectrum and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic module has high photoelectric conversion efficiency, good stability and reliability, low operation and maintenance cost and energy consumption.

[0041] See also Figure 2 The present invention also provides a method for performing spectral analysis using the outdoor spectral analysis device, comprising: S1: Obtain EQE test data of standard solar cells; S2: replacing the narrow bandpass filters 1 in sequence in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell 4, and obtaining the short-circuit current signal corresponding to the wavelength band of the narrow bandpass filter 1; S3: Compare and analyze the EQE test data of the standard solar cell with the short-circuit current signal of the corresponding narrow bandpass filter 1 band to obtain the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band; S4: According to the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band, the full spectrum irradiance intensity distribution of sunlight and EQE test data are obtained.

[0042] The method is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for real-time measurement and research of EQE outdoor data of different solar photovoltaic modules. It is of great significance to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic modules, promote the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology and industrial upgrading, and make important contributions to building a green, low-carbon and sustainable energy system.

[0043] In summary, the present invention provides an outdoor spectrum analysis device, a photovoltaic module and an analysis method. A relatively accurate and simple spectrum analysis device is prepared by using low-cost and easily available components, which provides convenience for outdoor spectrum testing and saves equipment costs. It is particularly suitable for spectrum analysis in photovoltaic power stations or experiments. At the same time, this method can be used to perform overall EQE test and analysis on photovoltaic modules on site, filling the gap that current equipment cannot complete overall EQE test and analysis, and at the same time facilitates scientific research on issues such as stability and photovoltaic adaptability of photovoltaic modules.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and substitutions, and these modifications and substitutions are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. An outdoor spectrum analysis device, characterized in that: It includes a plurality of narrow bandpass filters (1) with different bandwidths, a current transducer (2) and a microprocessor (3); The narrow bandpass filter (1) is arranged in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell (4) and is used to filter the sunlight waveband required to be measured; The current transmitter (2) is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell (4) and is used to convert the short-circuit current of the solar cell into a current signal that can be collected and processed by the microprocessor (3); The microprocessor (3) is connected to the current transmitter (2) and is used to collect and process the current signal converted by the current transmitter (2).

2. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bandwidth interval of the plurality of narrow bandpass filters (1) with different bandwidths is 15 nm to 50 nm.

3. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bandwidth interval of the plurality of narrow bandpass filters (1) with different bandwidths is 20 nm.

4. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the narrow-bandpass filters (1) is 41.

5. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of ​​the narrow bandpass filter (1) is greater than or equal to the area of ​​the solar cell (4).

6. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of ​​the narrow bandpass filter (1) is equal to the area of ​​the solar cell (4).

7. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a memory, which is connected to the microprocessor (3).

8. The outdoor spectrum analysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microprocessor (3) is wirelessly connected to the current transmitter (2).

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: An outdoor spectral analysis device comprising any one of claims 1-8.

10. A method for performing spectral analysis using the outdoor spectral analysis device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Obtain EQE test data of standard solar cells; Substituting the narrow bandpass filters (1) in sequence in front of the light receiving surface of the solar cell (4), and obtaining a short-circuit current signal corresponding to the wavelength band of the narrow bandpass filter (1); The EQE test data of the standard solar cell is compared and analyzed with the short-circuit current signal of the corresponding narrow band pass filter (1) to obtain the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band; According to the spectral irradiance intensity distribution of the corresponding band, the full spectrum irradiance intensity distribution of sunlight and EQE test data are obtained.

Images