An Internet of Things information transmission method and system in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things

Abstract

The present invention discloses an Internet of Things (IoT) information transmission method and system in a low-Earth orbit satellite IoT, which relates to the technical field of the IoT. It includes that each IoT terminal generates a corresponding pilot sequence according to its identity ID and establishes a quantum key between the IoT terminal and the satellite terminal; collects the data to be transmitted through a sensor data interface and performs primary encryption and secondary encryption on it using the established quantum key; real-time monitors the attitude and heading information of the vehicle and adjusts the pitch and azimuth angles of a two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the geostationary satellite; sends the finally encrypted data to a medium and low-Earth orbit communication satellite through the adjusted two-dimensional phased array antenna and real-time monitors the link quality. By combining quantum physical characteristics through a three-layer heterogeneous encryption mechanism, the present invention not only improves the confidentiality during data transmission but also enhances the resistance to quantum attacks by using advanced algorithms such as lattice cryptography.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of the Internet of Things, and in particular to a method and system for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, especially the progress of low-earth orbit satellite communication technology, new solutions for information transmission on a global scale have been provided. However, traditional Internet of Things information transmission methods face many challenges in terms of security, reliability, and efficiency. Especially in remote and dynamic environments, such as vehicle movement scenarios, how to ensure the security of data transmission, reduce multipath interference, and improve link quality has become an urgent problem to be solved. In addition, existing encryption means are difficult to resist quantum computing attacks, and there is a lack of effective means to optimize the antenna beam pointing in real time to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

[0003] The deficiencies of the current related technologies are mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, traditional encryption methods have limited defense capabilities against quantum computing attacks, which poses a risk of leakage of sensitive data during transmission; on the other hand, in complex environments, such as urban canyons or areas with significant multipath effects, traditional phased array antenna beam pointing adjustment strategies cannot meet the requirements of efficient and accurate data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things to solve the problems of weak anti-quantum attack ability of encryption means and inadaptability of phased array antenna beam pointing optimization to dynamic environments in traditional Internet of Things information transmission methods.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things, which includes that each Internet of Things terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence through a quantum fingerprint integrating an identity ID and establishes a quantum key based on spatio-temporal correlation with the satellite side;

[0008] Collect the data to be transmitted through a sensor data interface and perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted using the established quantum key;

[0009] Introduce a vehicle digital twin model to monitor the attitude and heading information of the vehicle in real time and dynamically optimize the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the geostationary satellite;

[0010] The finally encrypted data is sent to a medium and low Earth orbit communication satellite through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation;

[0011] After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low Earth orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station decrypts the data using the same quantum key and encryption algorithm, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a quantum-computing-resistant hash verification mechanism.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things described in the present invention, wherein: the generation of a dynamic pilot sequence by each Internet of Things terminal through a quantum fingerprint integrating an identity ID includes the following steps,

[0013] Map the identity ID of the Internet of Things terminal into a binary array of a fixed length, and inject it into the entropy source of the quantum random number generator to form a mixed seed;

[0014] Use a linear feedback shift register as a random sequence generation algorithm, initialize the quantum logic gate array with the mixed seed, and perform non-deterministic bit flips through the quantum tunneling effect to generate a quantum fingerprint seed;

[0015] Update the state of the quantum logic gate array bit by bit, and dynamically change the feedback coefficient of the register through the quantum tunneling effect to generate a pseudo-random sequence with aperiodic characteristics;

[0016] Introduce quantum Berry curvature modulation, and by manipulating the electron wave function of the two-dimensional material, make the phase of the sequence have topological protection characteristics with respect to the spatial position, map the pseudo-random sequence to the complex domain, and generate a pilot sequence resistant to multipath interference.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things described in the present invention, wherein: the establishment of a quantum key based on spatio-temporal correlation includes the following steps,

[0018] The Internet of Things terminal sends the pilot sequence to the satellite side. The satellite side verifies the quantum coherence of the pilot through a photonic crystal fiber channel and obtains the quantum dispersion parameter of the current channel;

[0019] The Internet of Things terminal performs quantum state modulation according to the quantum dispersion parameter, and encodes the modulated photon state in the orbital angular momentum dimension and sends it to the satellite side;

[0020] The satellite side uses a single-photon detector array for quantum measurement, and returns the measurement result through quantum teleportation to compensate for the channel loss. The Internet of Things terminal calculates the shared key using the quantum recursive error correction protocol.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, the following steps are included: collecting the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface, and performing three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted using the established quantum key.

[0022] Initialize the sensor interface, regularly collect the data to be transmitted, and add a quantum timestamp.

[0023] Divide the data packet to be transmitted into data segments of a fixed length, and attach a quantum fingerprint verification tag to each segment.

[0024] Use the shared key to convert the data segment with the attached quantum fingerprint verification tag into a quantum bit state, and generate superposition state photons through wave plate modulation.

[0025] Send the superposition state photon stream and auxiliary information through the classical channel, and synchronously transmit the quantum fingerprint verification tag through the quantum channel to obtain the first-layer encrypted data.

[0026] Derive a lattice cryptography key from the shared key, and generate a quantum-resistant variant algorithm of the AES algorithm through a key derivation function.

[0027] Perform quantum-resistant AES variant encryption on the first-layer encrypted data to generate the second-layer encrypted data.

[0028] Encapsulate the second-layer encrypted data into a space-time enhanced data packet, embed the Beidou timing second pulse, the vibration spectrum of the accelerometer, and the satellite orbit parameters, and use a quantum key stream generator based on the number theory encryption algorithm for the shortest vector problem in the ideal lattice to perform mathematical non-clonable protection on the space-time enhanced data packet to generate the final encrypted data.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things of the present invention, the following steps are included: introducing a vehicle digital twin model to real-time monitor the attitude and heading information of the vehicle, and dynamically optimizing the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the geostationary satellite.

[0030] Obtain real-time attitude data from the six-axis IMU, start the vehicle digital twin model, and predict the attitude change in a short time.

[0031] Combine the high-precision measurement data of the quantum gyroscope, and fuse the prediction result and the real-time data through the Kalman filtering algorithm to generate a corrected attitude estimation value.

[0032] Calculate the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle according to the ephemeris data of the geostationary satellite and the terminal position.

[0033] Introduce a quantum fluctuation correction factor to correct the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle, compare them with the corrected attitude estimation value, generate the final pointing angle, and compensate for the signal distortion in the low-earth orbit environment.

[0034] The adjustment instruction for the final pointing angle is subjected to one-time quantum encryption and three-time SHA-3 hashing to generate a protection instruction, which is sent to the two-dimensional phased array antenna control unit to drive the adaptive beamforming chip to adjust the array phase.

[0035] As a preferred solution of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things described in the present invention, wherein: the finally encrypted data is sent to the medium and low-Earth orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation, including the following steps.

[0036] Perform quadrature amplitude modulation on the finally encrypted data, insert the quantum noise floor based on the single-photon source to generate a modulation signal.

[0037] Use the up-conversion module to up-convert the modulation signal from the baseband to the required high-frequency band to obtain a high-frequency signal.

[0038] Send the high-frequency signal to the medium and low-Earth orbit communication satellite through the beam direction of the adjusted two-dimensional phased array antenna.

[0039] Perform quantum signature on the signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate using the quantum key.

[0040] Set the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and bit error rate threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate.

[0041] Construct an anomaly detection model based on the principle of quantum teleportation. When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of link interruption.

[0042] Establish a backup link according to the current geographical location and satellite coverage, and adjust the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna to point to the backup link.

[0043] Continuously monitor the status of the main link. When it is detected that the link quality deteriorates, immediately perform the link switching operation, stop sending data to the main link, and start sending data to the backup link.

[0044] As a preferred solution of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things described in the present invention, wherein: after receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low-Earth orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station decrypts the data using the same quantum key and encryption algorithm, and performs integrity verification on the received data through a quantum-computing-resistant hash verification mechanism, including the following steps.

[0045] The satellite end receives the high-frequency signal from the Internet of Things terminal device through the antenna system, and uses the down-conversion module to convert the received high-frequency signal back to the baseband signal.

[0046] Demodulate and decode the baseband signal according to the transmission protocol and reconstruct it into the original data packet;

[0047] The satellite end selects a target ground station according to the current geographical location and network topology structure and forwards the received data packet;

[0048] The ground station receives the data packet forwarded from the satellite through its communication interface, uses the quantum key encapsulation engine to verify the legitimacy of the source, extracts the shared key, performs post-quantum signature decryption, and restores the quantum-resistant AES variant key;

[0049] The first layer of decryption restores the space-time enhanced data packet through the reverse process of quantum teleportation and verifies the quantum fingerprint verification tag;

[0050] The second layer of decryption uses lattice cryptography reverse operation to decrypt the AES-Lattice second layer encrypted data and restore the data segment encrypted by quantum teleportation;

[0051] The third layer of decryption is to use the reverse operation of the number theory encryption algorithm to obtain the original data segment;

[0052] Calculate the quantum-resistant hash value of the decrypted original data segment using a hash function and compare it with the expected hash value;

[0053] When the two hash values are equal, the data is considered to be complete and error-free. When the two hash values are not equal, start the zero-knowledge proof retransmission mechanism and require the terminal to retransmit part of the hash;

[0054] Format the finally decrypted and verified data and store it in the database.

[0055] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an Internet of Things information transmission system in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things, including an authentication key module. Each Internet of Things terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence through a quantum fingerprint integrating the identity ID and establishes a quantum key based on space-time correlation with the satellite end;

[0056] A data encryption module collects the data to be transmitted through a sensor data interface and performs three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted using the established quantum key;

[0057] An attitude control module introduces a vehicle digital twin model, real-time monitors the attitude and heading information of the vehicle, and dynamically optimizes the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the geostationary satellite;

[0058] A signal processing module sends the finally encrypted data to a medium-low earth orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna and senses the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation;

[0059] Decryption verification module. After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low Earth orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station decrypts the data using the same quantum key and encryption algorithm, and performs integrity verification on the received data through a quantum-computing-resistant hash verification mechanism.

[0060] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and: when the computer program is executed by the processor, any step of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0061] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and: when the computer program is executed by the processor, any step of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0062] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By adopting quantum fingerprints to generate dynamic pilot sequences and establishing quantum keys based on spatio-temporal correlations, the security of Internet of Things information transmission is effectively enhanced, and the problem that traditional encryption methods are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks is solved. Further, the three-layer heterogeneous encryption mechanism combines quantum physical characteristics, which not only improves the confidentiality during data transmission but also enhances the resistance to quantum attacks by using advanced algorithms such as lattice cryptography. At the same time, the introduction of a vehicle digital twin model realizes the real-time optimization of the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission. Especially in a dynamic environment, this optimization measure can timely adjust the beam direction according to the changes in vehicle attitude and heading, reduce signal interference, and ensure high-quality data transmission. Description of the Drawings

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0064] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the Internet of Things information transmission method in the low-Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things in Embodiment 1.

[0065] Figure 2 It is a system diagram of the Internet of Things information transmission system in the low-Earth orbit satellite Internet of Things in Embodiment 1. Detailed Embodiments

[0066] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will make a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the specification.

[0067] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0068] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to specific features, structures, or characteristics that may be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The appearances of "in one embodiment" in different places in this specification do not all refer to the same embodiment, nor are they separate or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0069] Embodiment 1, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a method for transmitting Internet of Things (IoT) information in a low-Earth orbit satellite IoT, including the following steps:

[0070] S1. Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence through a quantum fingerprint that combines the identity ID and establishes a quantum key based on spatio-temporal correlation with the satellite side.

[0071] S1.1. Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence through a quantum fingerprint that combines the identity ID. S1.1.1 Maps the identity ID of the IoT terminal into a binary array of a fixed length and injects it into the entropy source of the quantum random number generator to form a mixed seed.

[0072] Further explanation, the formation of the mixed seed is obtained by injecting the entropy source of the quantum random number generator and combining it with the truly random numbers generated inside the quantum random number generator. This method enhances the security of the seed because it combines the inherent identity information of the device and true randomness, making it difficult for attackers to predict the final seed value even if they know part of the information.

[0073] S1.1.2. Uses a linear feedback shift register as the random sequence generation algorithm, initializes the quantum logic gate array with the mixed seed, and generates a quantum fingerprint seed through non-deterministic bit flipping by the quantum tunneling effect.

[0074] Further explanation, the generation of the quantum fingerprint seed uses a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), but different from the traditional LFSR, here a quantum logic gate array is used as the core component. The initial state is set with the mixed seed obtained in the previous step during initialization, and then non-deterministic bit flipping is caused by the quantum tunneling effect to generate a unique quantum fingerprint seed. The quantum tunneling introduces additional uncertainty, increasing the unpredictability and complexity of the generated sequence and improving security.

[0075] S1.1.3. Update the state of the quantum logic gate array bit by bit, dynamically change the feedback coefficient of the register through the quantum tunneling effect, and generate a pseudo-random sequence with aperiodic characteristics.

[0076] Furthermore, the state of the quantum logic gates is continuously updated using the quantum fingerprint seeds, while the feedback coefficient of the LFSR is dynamically adjusted using the quantum tunneling effect to generate a pseudo-random sequence with highly aperiodic properties. The dynamically changing feedback coefficient ensures the high unpredictability of the sequence, effectively preventing pattern analysis attacks.

[0077] S1.1.4. Introduce quantum Berry curvature modulation. By manipulating the electron wave function of two-dimensional materials, the phase of the sequence exhibits topological protection characteristics with respect to spatial position. Map the pseudo-random sequence to the complex domain to generate a pilot sequence resistant to multipath interference.

[0078] It should be noted that by introducing the concept of quantum Berry curvature, the data transmission quality under complex channel conditions (such as the presence of multiple reflection paths) can be significantly improved, and the bit error rate can be reduced.

[0079] S1.2. Establish a quantum key based on spatio-temporal correlation, including the following steps:

[0080] S1.2.1. The IoT terminal sends the pilot sequence to the satellite side. The satellite side verifies the quantum coherence of the pilot through the photonic crystal fiber channel and obtains the quantum dispersion parameters of the current channel.

[0081] It should be noted that accurately measuring the quantum dispersion parameters is crucial for the subsequent correct implementation of quantum state modulation, as it directly affects the success rate of key distribution.

[0082] S1.2.2. The IoT terminal performs quantum state modulation based on the quantum dispersion parameters and encodes the modulated photon state in the orbital angular momentum dimension and sends it to the satellite side.

[0083] Furthermore, the quantum state adjustment and encoding are based on the obtained dispersion parameters. The IoT terminal adjusts the state of its output photons, especially their orbital angular momentum (OAM), and then emits these photons with specific states. The dimension provides additional information-carrying capacity, which helps to improve the overall capacity of the system; at the same time, customizing the modulation strategy for known dispersion conditions can enhance the ability to resist noise.

[0084] S1.2.3. The satellite side uses a single-photon detector array for quantum measurement and returns the measurement results through quantum teleportation to compensate for channel losses. The IoT terminal calculates the shared key using the quantum recursive error correction protocol.

[0085] It should be noted that the quantum teleportation technology is adopted to compensate for the possible losses during long-distance transmission, and the results are fed back to the Internet of Things side. The two parties jointly calculate a consistent shared key according to the pre-agreed protocol, which not only realizes ultra-long-distance secure communication, but also further enhances the security and reliability of the key through recursive error correction.

[0086] S2. Collect the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface, and use the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted, including the following steps.

[0087] S2.1. Initialize the sensor interface, regularly collect the data to be transmitted, and add a quantum timestamp.

[0088] It should be noted that the quantum timestamp provides a high-precision time mark, enhances the timeliness and traceability of the data, and helps with subsequent data verification and synchronization.

[0089] S2.2. Divide the data packet to be transmitted into data segments of a fixed length, and attach a quantum fingerprint verification tag to each segment.

[0090] Furthermore, the quantum fingerprint verification tag is a unique identifier generated by a quantum random number generator.

[0091] It should be noted that data segmentation improves the processing efficiency, and the quantum fingerprint verification tag can be used to detect the integrity and authenticity of the data and prevent data tampering.

[0092] S2.3. Use the shared key to convert the data segment with the attached quantum fingerprint verification tag into a quantum bit state, and generate superposition state photons through waveplate modulation.

[0093] It should be noted that the use of the quantum bit state provides higher security because any unauthorized measurement will change the quantum state and thus be detected. The waveplate modulation technology enables the quantum bits to be efficiently transmitted at the physical level.

[0094] S2.4. Send the superposition state photon stream and auxiliary information through the classical channel, and synchronously transmit the quantum fingerprint verification tag through the quantum channel to obtain the first-layer encrypted data.

[0095] It should be noted that the combination of the classical channel and the quantum channel takes advantage of the advantages of both. The classical channel provides high-efficiency transmission capabilities, while the quantum channel ensures the security and integrity of the data.

[0096] S2.5. Derive a lattice cryptography key from the shared key, and generate a quantum-resistant variant algorithm of the AES algorithm through a key derivation function.

[0097] It should be noted that lattice cryptographic keys have the ability to resist quantum computing attacks, improving the long-term security of the system. The key derivation function ensures the high quality and unpredictability of the keys.

[0098] S2.6. Perform quantum-resistant AES variant encryption on the first-layer encrypted data to generate second-layer encrypted data.

[0099] It should be noted that the quantum-resistant AES variant algorithm not only retains the efficiency of traditional AES but also increases the resistance to quantum computing attacks, further enhancing the security of the data.

[0100] S2.7. Encode the second-layer encrypted data into a spatio-temporal enhanced data packet, embed the Beidou time synchronization second pulse, the vibration spectrum of the accelerometer, and satellite orbit parameters, and use a quantum key stream generator based on the number theory encryption algorithm for the shortest vector problem in ideal lattices to perform mathematical unclonability protection on the spatio-temporal enhanced data packet to generate the final encrypted data.

[0101] It should be noted that the additional information in the spatio-temporal enhanced data packet provides rich context, facilitating data verification and synchronization, while also increasing the difficulty for attackers to crack. The number theory encryption algorithm based on ideal lattices provides extremely high security, especially against quantum computing attacks. Mathematical unclonability protection ensures the uniqueness and non-replicability of the data, further enhancing the security of the system.

[0102] S3. Introduce a vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time. Dynamically optimize the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the synchronous satellite, including the following steps:

[0103] S3.1. Obtain real-time attitude data from the six-axis IMU and start the vehicle digital twin model to predict the attitude changes within a short period, such as within a few seconds.

[0104] Furthermore, the real-time attitude data includes acceleration and angular velocity, etc.

[0105] It should be noted that the six-axis IMU provides high-frequency and high-precision attitude data, ensuring the accuracy of real-time monitoring. The vehicle digital twin model can adjust the antenna beam direction in advance by predicting attitude changes, reducing latency.

[0106] S3.2. Combine the high-precision measurement data of the quantum gyroscope, and fuse the prediction result and real-time data through the Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected attitude estimate.

[0107] It should be noted that the high-precision data of the quantum gyroscope improves the accuracy of attitude estimation, and the Kalman filter algorithm can effectively remove noise and improve the stability of attitude estimation.

[0108] S3.3. Calculate the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle based on the ephemeris data of the geostationary satellite and the terminal position (latitude, longitude, altitude).

[0109] Further explanation, the pitch angle and azimuth angle are calculated by geometric calculation methods (such as spherical trigonometry).

[0110] It should be noted that the ephemeris data provides accurate satellite position information to ensure the accuracy of the antenna pointing. The geometric calculation method is simple and efficient, suitable for real-time applications.

[0111] S3.4. Introduce the quantum fluctuation correction factor to correct the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle, compare with the corrected attitude estimation value to generate the final pointing angle, and compensate for the signal distortion in the low-earth orbit environment.

[0112] Further explanation, the quantum fluctuation correction factor is a random number generated based on the principles of quantum mechanics.

[0113] It should be noted that the quantum fluctuation correction factor increases the randomness and unpredictability of the system, improves the anti-interference ability, and further improves the accuracy of the pointing angle through comparison and correction.

[0114] S3.5. Generate a protection instruction by encrypting the final pointing angle adjustment instruction once with quantum encryption and three times with SHA-3 hashing, and send it to the two-dimensional phased array antenna control unit to drive the adaptive beamforming chip to adjust the array phase.

[0115] It should be noted that quantum encryption provides extremely high security to prevent the instruction from being stolen or tampered with. The SHA-3 hashing process enhances the integrity of the instruction to ensure that the instruction is not modified during transmission. The adaptive beamforming chip can quickly respond to the adjustment instruction to achieve efficient beam pointing control.

[0116] S4. Send the final encrypted data to the medium and low earth orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and sense the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation, including the following steps

[0117] S4.1. Perform quadrature amplitude modulation on the final encrypted data, insert the quantum noise floor based on a single-photon source to generate a modulation signal.

[0118] Further explanation, the single-photon source can be a device based on semiconductor quantum dots or superconducting nanowires.

[0119] It should be noted that quadrature amplitude modulation provides high spectral efficiency and is suitable for high-speed data transmission. Inserting the quantum noise floor increases the randomness and unpredictability of the signal and improves the security.

[0120] S4.2. Use the up-conversion module to up-convert the modulated signal from the baseband to the required high-frequency band to obtain a high-frequency signal, such as the Ku band or the Ka band.

[0121] It should be noted that high-frequency band signals have better penetration ability and smaller antenna size, which are suitable for satellite communication. The precise up-conversion process ensures the quality and integrity of the signal.

[0122] S4.3. Send the high-frequency signal to the medium and low Earth orbit communication satellite by adjusting the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna.

[0123] It should be noted that the two-dimensional phased array antenna can quickly and flexibly adjust the beam direction to improve communication efficiency. The beamforming technology reduces sidelobe interference and improves the signal concentration and anti-interference ability.

[0124] S4.4. Use the quantum key to perform quantum signature on the signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate.

[0125] It should be noted that quantum signature provides extremely high security, prevents the signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate data from being tampered with, and ensures the authenticity and integrity of the link quality monitoring data.

[0126] S4.5. Set the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and bit error rate threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate; construct an anomaly detection model based on the principle of quantum teleportation. When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of link interruption.

[0127] It should be noted that the quantum teleportation technology provides extremely high sensitivity and real-time performance, can quickly detect the degradation of link quality, and the quantum entanglement property makes the detection result difficult to be tampered with.

[0128] S4.6. According to the current geographical location and satellite coverage, establish a backup link, and adjust the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna to point to the backup link; continuously monitor the status of the main link. When the link quality degradation is detected, immediately perform the link switching operation, stop sending data to the main link, and start sending data to the backup link.

[0129] It should be noted that the backup link provides redundancy to ensure seamless switching in case of problems with the main link and maintain communication continuity. Real-time monitoring and fast switching operations ensure the reliability and continuity of communication, reducing data loss and delay caused by link interruption.

[0130] S5. After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low Earth orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station decrypts the data using the same quantum key and encryption algorithm, and performs integrity verification on the received data through a quantum-computing-resistant hash verification mechanism, including the following steps.

[0131] S5.1. The satellite terminal receives high-frequency signals from the IoT terminal devices through the antenna system and uses the down-conversion module to convert the received high-frequency signals back into baseband signals.

[0132] Further explanation, the down-conversion module includes components such as mixers, filters, and amplifiers.

[0133] It should be noted that the down-conversion process converts high-frequency signals into baseband signals that are easy to process, facilitating subsequent demodulation and decoding. Mixers and filters ensure the quality and stability of the signals, reducing noise and interference.

[0134] S5.2. Demodulate and decode the baseband signals according to the transmission protocol and recombine them into the original data packets.

[0135] Further explanation, during the decoding process, corresponding decoding algorithms (such as Viterbi decoding or LDPC decoding) are used to extract data from the demodulated signals.

[0136] It should be noted that the demodulation and decoding processes restore the original data packets, ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data. Selecting an efficient decoding algorithm can improve the success rate and speed of data recovery.

[0137] S5.3. The satellite terminal selects a target ground station according to the current geographical location and network topology structure to forward the received data packets; the ground station receives the data packets forwarded from the satellite through its communication interface, uses the quantum key encapsulation engine to verify the legitimacy of the source, extracts the shared key, performs post-quantum signature decryption, and restores the quantum-resistant AES variant key.

[0138] It should be noted that the quantum key encapsulation engine ensures the security and legitimacy of the data source, and the post-quantum signature decryption provides a highly secure key recovery mechanism to prevent the key from being tampered with.

[0139] S5.4. The first layer of decryption restores the spatio-temporal enhanced data packets through the reverse process of quantum teleportation and verifies the quantum fingerprint verification tag; the second layer of decryption uses lattice cryptography reverse operations to decrypt the AES-Lattice second-layer encrypted data and restores the data segment encrypted by quantum teleportation; the third layer of decryption uses number theory encryption algorithm reverse operations to obtain the original data segment.

[0140] It should be noted that the reverse process of quantum teleportation provides extremely high security, ensuring the confidentiality of data during transmission. Verifying the quantum fingerprint verification tag ensures the integrity and non-tampering of the data. Lattice cryptography reverse operations provide strong security against quantum computing attacks. Number theory encryption algorithms provide extremely high security, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the data.

[0141] S5.5. Calculate the quantum-resistant hash value of the decrypted original data segment using a hash function and compare it with the expected hash value; when the two hash values are equal, the data is considered intact; when the two hash values are not equal, initiate a zero-knowledge proof retransmission mechanism to require the terminal to retransmit part of the hash; format the finally decrypted and verified data and store it in the database.

[0142] It should be noted that hash value comparison provides a fast and effective method for data integrity verification. By retransmitting part of the hash value, errors in data transmission can be effectively detected and corrected.

[0143] This embodiment also provides an Internet of Things information transmission system in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things, including:

[0144] An authentication key module. Each Internet of Things terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence through a quantum fingerprint that fuses the identity ID and establishes a quantum key based on spatio-temporal correlation with the satellite side;

[0145] A data encryption module. Collect the data to be transmitted through a sensor data interface and perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted using the established quantum key;

[0146] An attitude control module. Introduce a vehicle digital twin model, monitor the attitude and heading information of the vehicle in real time, and dynamically optimize the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the geostationary satellite;

[0147] A signal processing module. Transmit the finally encrypted data to a medium-low earth orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna and sense the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation;

[0148] A decryption and verification module. After receiving the encrypted data, the medium-low earth orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station decrypts the data using the same quantum key and encryption algorithm, and performs integrity verification on the received data through a quantum-resistant hash verification mechanism.

[0149] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to the situation of the Internet of Things information transmission method in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the Internet of Things information transmission method in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0150] The computer device may be a terminal, which includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected via a system bus. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with external terminals in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, trackballs, or touchpads provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse, etc.

[0151] This embodiment also provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for implementing Internet of Things information transmission in a low-earth orbit satellite Internet of Things as proposed in the above embodiment; the storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, abbreviated as SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, abbreviated as EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, abbreviated as EPROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable Red-Only Memory, abbreviated as PROM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, abbreviated as ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0152] In summary, by adopting quantum fingerprints to generate dynamic pilot sequences and establishing quantum keys based on spatio-temporal correlation, the present invention effectively enhances the security of information transmission in the Internet of Things, solves the problem that traditional encryption methods are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. Further, the three-layer heterogeneous encryption mechanism combines the characteristics of quantum physics, which not only improves the confidentiality during data transmission, but also enhances the resistance to quantum attacks by using advanced algorithms such as lattice cryptography. At the same time, the introduction of the vehicle digital twin model realizes the real-time optimization of the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission. Especially in a dynamic environment, this optimization measure can timely adjust the beam direction according to the changes in vehicle attitude and heading, reduce signal interference, and ensure high-quality data transmission.

[0153] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting information of Internet of Things in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things, characterized in that: include, Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with the satellite terminal, including the following steps: The IoT terminal sends the pilot sequence to the satellite, which verifies the quantum coherence of the pilot through the photonic crystal fiber channel and obtains the quantum dispersion parameters of the current channel. The IoT terminal modulates the quantum state according to the quantum dispersion parameters, encodes the modulated photon state in the orbital angular momentum dimension and sends it to the satellite end; The satellite uses a single-photon detector array to perform quantum measurements and returns the measurement results by compensating for channel losses through quantum teleportation. The IoT terminal uses a quantum recursive error correction protocol to calculate the shared key. The data to be transmitted is collected through the sensor data interface, and the established quantum key is used to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted, including the following steps: Initialize the sensor interface, regularly collect the data to be transmitted, and add quantum timestamps; Divide the data packet to be transmitted into data segments of fixed length, and attach a quantum fingerprint verification tag to each segment; The data segment with the quantum fingerprint verification tag is converted into a quantum bit state using a shared key, and a superposition state photon is generated through wave plate modulation; The superposition state photon stream and auxiliary information are sent through the classical channel, and the quantum channel synchronously transmits the quantum fingerprint verification tag to obtain the first layer of encrypted data; Derive the lattice cryptographic key from the shared key and generate a quantum-resistant AES variant algorithm through the key derivation function; Perform quantum-resistant AES variant encryption on the first layer of encrypted data to generate the second layer of encrypted data; The second layer of encrypted data is encapsulated into a space-time enhanced data packet, embedded with Beidou timing second pulse, accelerometer vibration spectrum and satellite orbit parameters, and a quantum key stream generator based on the number theory encryption algorithm of the shortest vector problem in an ideal lattice is used to perform mathematical non-cloning protection on the space-time enhanced data packet to generate the final encrypted data; The vehicle digital twin model is introduced to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time. The beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna is dynamically optimized according to the position of the synchronous satellite. The following steps are included: Obtain real-time posture data from the six-axis IMU, start the vehicle digital twin model, and predict posture changes in a short period of time; Combined with the high-precision measurement data of the quantum gyroscope, the prediction results are fused with real-time data through the Kalman filter algorithm to generate a corrected attitude estimate; Calculate the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle based on the ephemeris data of the synchronous satellite and the terminal position; The quantum fluctuation correction factor is introduced to correct the initial pitch angle and azimuth angle, and compared with the corrected attitude estimate value to generate the final pointing angle to compensate for the signal distortion in the low-orbit environment; The final pointing angle adjustment instruction is processed through quantum encryption and three SHA-3 hashes to generate a protection instruction, which is sent to the two-dimensional phased array antenna control unit to drive the adaptive beamforming chip to adjust the array phase. The final encrypted data is sent to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation; After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellites forward it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

2. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, including the following steps: Map the identity ID of the IoT terminal into a binary array of fixed length and inject the entropy source of the quantum random number generator to form a mixed seed; The linear feedback shift register is used as a random sequence generation algorithm, a mixed seed is used to initialize the quantum logic gate array, and non-deterministic bit flipping is performed through the quantum tunneling effect to generate a quantum fingerprint seed. Update the state of the quantum logic gate array bit by bit, dynamically change the feedback coefficient of the register through the quantum tunneling effect, and generate a pseudo-random sequence with non-periodic characteristics; Quantum Berry curvature modulation is introduced to manipulate the electronic wave function of two-dimensional materials so that the phase of the sequence produces topological protection characteristics depending on the spatial position, and the pseudo-random sequence is mapped to the complex domain to generate a pilot sequence that is resistant to multipath interference.

3. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The final encrypted data is sent to the medium and low orbit communication satellite through the optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and the link quality is sensed based on the principle of quantum teleportation, including the following steps: Performing orthogonal amplitude modulation on the final encrypted data, inserting a quantum noise floor based on a single photon source, and generating a modulated signal; Use the up-conversion module to up-convert the modulated signal from the baseband to the required high frequency band to obtain a high frequency signal; The high-frequency signal is sent to medium and low orbit communication satellites by adjusting the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna; Quantum signature of signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate using quantum key; Set the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate threshold according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the bit error rate; An anomaly detection model based on the principle of quantum teleportation is constructed. When the signal-to-noise ratio is less than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold and the bit error rate is greater than the bit error rate threshold, it is considered that there is a risk of link interruption. According to the current geographical location and satellite coverage, a backup link is established, and the beam direction of the two-dimensional phased array antenna is adjusted to point to the backup link; The status of the primary link is continuously monitored. When a link quality degradation is detected, a link switching operation is immediately performed to stop sending data to the primary link and start sending data to the backup link.

4. The method for transmitting information of the Internet of Things in the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: After receiving the encrypted data, the low- and medium-orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data and verify the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing. The steps include: The satellite receives high-frequency signals from IoT terminal devices through an antenna system and uses a down-conversion module to convert the received high-frequency signals back to baseband signals. Demodulate and decode the baseband signal according to the transmission protocol and reconstruct it into the original data packet; The satellite selects the target ground station to forward the received data packets based on the current geographical location and network topology; The ground station receives data packets forwarded from the satellite through its communication interface, uses the quantum key encapsulation engine to verify the legitimacy of the source, extracts the shared key, performs post-quantum signature decryption, and recovers the quantum-resistant AES variant key; The first layer of decryption restores the space-time enhanced data packet through the inverse process of quantum teleportation and verifies the quantum fingerprint verification tag; The second-layer decryption uses lattice cryptography to reverse the AES-Lattice second-layer encrypted data and recover the data segment encrypted by quantum teleportation; The third level of decryption is to use the number theory encryption algorithm to reverse the operation to obtain the original data segment; Calculate the quantum-resistant hash value of the decrypted original data segment using a hash function and compare it with the expected hash value; When the two hash values ​​are equal, the data is considered complete and correct. When the two hash values ​​are not equal, the zero-knowledge proof retransmission mechanism is activated, requiring the terminal to resend part of the hash; The final decrypted and verified data is formatted and stored in the database.

5. A low-orbit satellite Internet of Things information transmission system, based on the low-orbit satellite Internet of Things information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include, Authentication key module: each IoT terminal generates a dynamic pilot sequence by integrating the quantum fingerprint of the identity ID, and establishes a quantum key based on time-space association with the satellite terminal; The data encryption module collects the data to be transmitted through the sensor data interface and uses the established quantum key to perform three-layer heterogeneous encryption on the data to be transmitted; The attitude control module introduces the vehicle digital twin model to monitor the vehicle's attitude and heading information in real time, and dynamically optimizes the beam pointing of the two-dimensional phased array antenna according to the position of the synchronous satellite; The signal processing module sends the final encrypted data to medium and low orbit communication satellites through an optimized two-dimensional phased array antenna, and senses the link quality based on the principle of quantum teleportation; Decryption and verification module: After receiving the encrypted data, the medium and low orbit communication satellite forwards it to the ground station. The ground station uses the same quantum key and encryption algorithm to decrypt the data, and verifies the integrity of the received data through a hash verification mechanism that is resistant to quantum computing.

6. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for transmitting Internet of Things information in a low-orbit satellite Internet of Things as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

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