Solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules. The solar cell comprises a substrate; the transmission electrode is arranged on the surface of the substrate and electrically connected with the substrate, a plurality of protruding parts are sequentially arranged on the side, away from the substrate, of the transmission electrode, the protruding parts are arranged in an array mode, and at least parts of the adjacent protruding parts are connected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing development of the photovoltaic industry, the competition in the photovoltaic industry is becoming increasingly fierce, and the cost of photovoltaic modules has received widespread attention in the industry. As the core component of photovoltaic modules, solar cells can convert solar energy into electrical energy. Solar cells include a substrate and a transmission electrode arranged on the surface of the substrate. The transmission electrode collects the current generated by the substrate and transmits the current to an external circuit.

[0003] In the related art, in order to reduce the cost of solar cells, base metal slurry is used to prepare the transmission electrode. For example, the base metal may be copper, aluminum, or the like.

[0004] However, in the photovoltaic industry, how to further reduce the cost of transmission electrodes and ensure the current transmission efficiency remains an urgent issue. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module to solve or at least partially solve the problems existing in the prior art, that is, the cost of transmission electrodes is too high and the current transmission efficiency cannot be guaranteed.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application discloses a solar cell, which includes a substrate; a transmission electrode, which is arranged on the surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate, and a plurality of protrusions are sequentially arranged on a side of the transmission electrode away from the substrate, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged in an array, and adjacent protrusions are at least partially connected.

[0008] Optionally, the protrusions include multiple groups, and the multiple groups of protrusions are arranged in sequence along the first direction; each group of protrusions includes multiple protrusions, and the multiple protrusions are arranged in sequence along the second direction; wherein the extension direction of the transmission electrode is a third direction, the second direction intersects with the third direction, and the first direction intersects with the second direction and the third direction.

[0009] Optionally, a first angle is formed between the second direction and the third direction, and the first angle is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

[0010] Optionally, the first angle is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

[0011] Optionally, there is a second angle between the first direction and the second direction, and the second angle is less than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0012] Optionally, adjacent protrusions enclose a first region, and the transmission electrode corresponding to the first region is a recessed portion.

[0013] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the height of the protrusion is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm; the height of the protrusion is the distance between the top of the protrusion and the recessed portion.

[0014] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the height of the protrusion is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 15 μm.

[0015] Optionally, the projection of the protrusion on the plane where the base is located is at least one of a cross star structure, a hexagonal star structure, and a triangle structure.

[0016] Optionally, a line connecting the center points of each group of protrusions is on a straight line.

[0017] Optionally, the recessed portion comprises a plurality of recessed portions, and the plurality of recessed portions are arranged in an array.

[0018] Optionally, the recessed portion includes a first recessed portion and a second recessed portion, and the area of ​​the second recessed portion is multiple times the area of ​​the first recessed portion; and / or the raised portion includes a first raised portion and a second raised portion, and the area of ​​the second raised portion is multiple times the area of ​​the first raised portion.

[0019] Optionally, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions is greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm.

[0020] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the recessed portion has a first depth relative to the top of the raised portion, and a ratio of the first depth to a distance between center points of two adjacent recessed portions is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.

[0021] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the sum of the thickness of the transmission electrode corresponding to the protruding portion and the thickness of the protruding portion is greater than or equal to 9 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm; and / or, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness of the transmission electrode corresponding to the recessed portion is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.

[0022] Optionally, the projection of the recessed portion on the plane where the base is located is at least one of a circular structure, an elliptical structure, a square structure, and a quasi-square structure.

[0023] Optionally, the transmission electrode comprises a plurality of transmission electrodes, and the plurality of transmission electrodes extend along a third direction and are arranged at intervals along a fourth direction; wherein the fourth direction intersects with the third direction.

[0024] Optionally, the solar cell further includes: a passivation layer, which is stacked between the substrate and the transmission electrode; and a contact electrode, which is penetrated through the passivation layer, and one end of the contact electrode is electrically connected to the substrate, and the other end of the contact electrode is electrically connected to the transmission electrode.

[0025] Optionally, the transmission electrode has a first projection on the plane where the substrate is located, and the contact electrode has a second projection on the plane where the substrate is located, and the second projection falls within the first projection.

[0026] Optionally, along the fourth direction, the width of the transmission electrode is greater than or equal to 60 μm; and / or, along the fourth direction, the width of the contact electrode is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm.

[0027] Optionally, the substrate has a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, and the passivation layer is stacked on the first surface of the substrate, and / or the passivation layer is stacked on the second surface of the substrate.

[0028] Optionally, along the second direction, the distance between the center points of two adjacent protrusions is W1; along the fourth direction, the width of the contact electrode is W2, satisfying -2<lg(W2 / W1)<2; wherein the second direction intersects with the third direction, and the fourth direction is perpendicular to the third direction.

[0029] Optionally, -1<lg(W2 / W1)<1 is satisfied.

[0030] Optionally, W2 ≥ 30 μm is satisfied.

[0031] Optionally, W1<2W2 is satisfied.

[0032] Optionally, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions is W3, and along the fourth direction, the width of the contact electrode is W2, satisfying W2-W3>10 μm.

[0033] Optionally, the substrate includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the second surface has a first electrode area and a second electrode area arranged adjacent to each other, and the polarities of the first electrode area and the second electrode area are opposite; the transmission electrode includes a first transmission electrode and a second transmission electrode, the first transmission electrode is arranged in the first electrode area and is electrically connected to the first electrode area, and the second transmission electrode is arranged in the second electrode area and is electrically connected to the second electrode area; wherein, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the height of the protrusion in the first transmission electrode is the same as or different from the height of the protrusion in the second transmission electrode.

[0034] Optionally, a distance between center points of two adjacent recessed portions in the first transmission electrode is different from a distance between center points of two adjacent recessed portions in the second transmission electrode.

[0035] In a second aspect, the present application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes the solar cell described in the first aspect.

[0036] The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, wherein the solar cell comprises a substrate; a transmission electrode, wherein the transmission electrode is arranged on the surface of the substrate and is electrically connected to the substrate, and a plurality of protrusions are sequentially arranged on a side of the transmission electrode away from the substrate, wherein the plurality of protrusions are arranged in an array, and adjacent protrusions are at least partially connected.

[0037] In the present application, a plurality of protrusions are sequentially arranged on the side of the transmission electrode away from the substrate, and the plurality of protrusions are arranged in an array. That is, the area formed between adjacent protrusions on the transmission electrode 40 is a recessed portion. Through the above arrangement, the amount of material used for the transmission electrode can be reduced, and the cost of the transmission electrode can be reduced.

[0038] Furthermore, in the present application, a plurality of raised portions are arranged in an array, and adjacent raised portions are at least partially connected, which can also ensure the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode, reduce the power loss of the transmission electrode, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 The structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 2 The structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 3 The structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0042] Figure 4 The structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 4 ;

[0043] Figure 5 The structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 5 ;

[0044] Figure 6 The structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 6 ;

[0045] Figure 7 A side view of the solar cell according to the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0046] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the contact electrode described in the embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Reference numerals:

[0048] 10: base;

[0049] 20: passivation layer;

[0050] 30: contact electrode;

[0051] 40: transmission electrode; 41: raised portion; 411: first raised portion; 412: second raised portion; 42: connection portion; 43: recessed portion; 431: first recessed portion; 432: second recessed portion;

[0052] A: first direction; B: second direction; C: third direction; D: fourth direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of the present invention.

[0054] It should be understood that the references to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification mean that the specific features, structures, or characteristics associated with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the references to "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0055] Reference Figure 1, showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;reference Figure 2 , showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;reference Figure 3 , showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;reference Figure 4 , showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;reference Figure 5 , showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 5 ;reference Figure 6 , showing the structure of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application Figure 6 ;reference Figure 7 , showing a side view of the solar cell described in the embodiment of the present application; referring to Figure 8 , shows a schematic structural diagram of the contact electrode described in an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present application discloses a solar cell, which includes a substrate 10; a transmission electrode 40, which is arranged on the surface of the substrate 10 and is electrically connected to the substrate 10, and a plurality of protrusions 41 are sequentially arranged on a side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, and the plurality of protrusions 41 are arranged in an array, and adjacent protrusions 41 are at least partially connected.

[0057] The embodiment of the present application discloses a solar cell, which includes a substrate 10 and a transmission electrode 40. The substrate 10 can absorb solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. The substrate 10 can be P-type, N-type, or a silicon wafer close to the intrinsic conductivity type. The crystal type of the substrate 10 can be single crystal or polycrystalline. In the embodiment of the present application, there are no excessive restrictions on the specific type of the substrate 10. In actual applications, technicians can choose as needed.

[0058] The substrate 10 in the embodiment of the present application has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other. The first surface can be a light-receiving surface facing the sunlight, also referred to as the front surface. The first surface can also be a backlight surface facing away from the sunlight, also referred to as the back surface. When the first surface is the front surface, the second surface is the back surface. When the first surface is the back surface, the second surface is the front surface.

[0059] The following description will be made of the embodiment of the present application by taking the first surface of the substrate 10 as the front surface and the second surface as the back surface as an example.

[0060] like Figures 1 to 8As shown, the transmission electrode 40 in the embodiment of the present application is arranged on the surface of the substrate 10 and is electrically connected to the substrate 10 to collect the current generated by the substrate 10. It should be noted that the transmission electrode 40 can be arranged only on the second surface of the substrate 10, that is, the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell. The transmission electrode 40 can also be arranged on both the first surface of the substrate 10 and the second surface of the substrate 10, that is, the solar cell is a double-sided cell.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of protrusions 41 are sequentially arranged on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, and the plurality of protrusions 41 are arranged in an array, and adjacent protrusions 41 are at least partially connected. A plurality of protrusions 41 are sequentially arranged on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, and the plurality of protrusions 41 are arranged in an array. That is, the area formed between adjacent protrusions 41 on the transmission electrode 40 is a recessed portion 43. Through the above arrangement, the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40 can be reduced, and the cost of the transmission electrode 40 can be reduced.

[0062] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of raised portions 41 are arranged in an array, and adjacent raised portions 41 are at least partially connected, which can also ensure the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode, reduce the power loss of the transmission electrode 40, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0063] It should be noted that the transmission electrode 40 in the embodiment of the present application is made of a base metal material, which may be copper, aluminum, or other metals that are cheaper than copper or aluminum.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the structures of the multiple protrusions 41 in the embodiment of the present application are the same, and the multiple protrusions 41 are arranged in an array on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10. Not only can the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40 be reduced, the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40 can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of solar cells and improving the market competitiveness of solar cells. Furthermore, the multiple protrusions 41 are arranged in an array on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, which can also ensure the transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40 for current and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0065] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the structures of the plurality of raised portions 41 may be completely identical, for example, the plurality of raised portions 41 may all be cross-star structures. The structures of the plurality of raised portions 41 may also be partially identical, for example, a portion of the plurality of raised portions 41 may be cross-star structures, and another portion may be other structures.

[0066] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 6As shown, the protrusions 41 in the embodiment of the present application include multiple groups, and the multiple groups of protrusions 41 are arranged in sequence along the first direction A; each group of protrusions 41 includes multiple protrusions, and the multiple protrusions 41 are arranged in sequence along the second direction B; wherein, the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40 is the third direction C, the second direction B intersects with the third direction C, and the first direction A intersects with the second direction B and the third direction C.

[0067] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the protrusions 41 in the embodiment of the present application include multiple groups, each group of protrusions 41 includes multiple protrusions, and the multiple groups of protrusions 41 are arranged in sequence along the first direction A, and the multiple protrusions 41 in each group are arranged in sequence along the second direction B. Among them, the first direction A can be the same as the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40, that is, the third direction C, and the first direction A can also have an angle with the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40, and the angle is usually an acute angle. The second direction B intersects with the first direction A. Exemplarily, the second direction B is perpendicular to the first direction A.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, multiple groups of protrusions 41 are arranged in sequence along the first direction A, and multiple protrusions 41 in each group of protrusions 41 are arranged in sequence along the second direction B, so that multiple protrusions 41 are arranged in an array on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10. The multiple protrusions 41 arranged in an array can not only reduce the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40, reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40, thereby reducing the cost of solar cells and improving the market competitiveness of solar cells. In addition, the transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40 for current can be guaranteed, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be guaranteed.

[0069] Alternatively, if Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, there is a first angle between the second direction B and the third direction C, and the first angle is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

[0070] like Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the first angle between the second direction B and the third direction C is set to be greater than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 60 degrees, so that the extension direction of each group of protrusions 41 and the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40 have an angle less than or equal to 60 degrees, thereby further enhancing the current transmission capacity of the transmission electrode 40 and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0071] Exemplarily, the first angle between the second direction B and the third direction C may be set to 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, etc.

[0072] As a preferred implementation, in the embodiment of the present application, the first angle can be set to be greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees, so that the extension direction of each group of protrusions 41 and the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40 have an angle less than or equal to 45 degrees, thereby further increasing the current transmission capacity of the transmission electrode 40 and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0073] Exemplarily, the first angle between the second direction B and the third direction C may be set to 0°, 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, etc.

[0074] As a preferred implementation mode, Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, there is a second angle between the first direction A and the second direction B, and the second angle is less than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, the second angle between the first direction A and the second direction B is set to be less than or equal to 90 degrees. Taking the second angle between the first direction and the second direction B as 90 degrees as an example, that is, the first direction A is perpendicular to the second direction B. The above setting can make the direction in which two adjacent groups of protrusions 41 are arranged in sequence perpendicular to the extension direction of each group of protrusions 41, so that more protrusions 41 are set on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, so as to further improve the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40, reduce the amount of material used in the transmission electrode 40, and improve the market competitiveness of the solar cell.

[0076] Of course, the above arrangement can also make the connection between adjacent protrusions 41 more reliable, thereby helping to improve the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, thereby avoiding the disconnection between adjacent protrusions 41 and affecting the transmission efficiency of the solar cell.

[0077] Exemplarily, the second angle between the first direction A and the second direction B may be 90 degrees, 85 degrees, 80 degrees, 75 degrees, 70 degrees, 65 degrees, etc.

[0078] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, adjacent protrusions 41 enclose a first region, and the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the first region is a recessed portion 43 .

[0079] In the present application embodiment, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, adjacent convex portions 41 enclose a first region, and the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the first region is a recessed portion 43. The provision of the recessed portion 43 can reduce the amount of material used in the transmission electrode 40, reduce the cost of the transmission electrode 40, and thus help reduce the cost of solar cells and improve the market competitiveness of solar cells.

[0080] Taking the convex portion 41 as a cross star structure as an example, two convex portions 41 adjacent to each other along the first direction A and two convex portions 41 arranged opposite to the two convex portions 41 along the second direction B can enclose and form a first region, and the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the first region is a recessed portion 43. It can be understood that the transmission electrode 40 has a plurality of first regions, that is, the transmission electrode 40 has a plurality of recessed portions 43.

[0081] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the height of the protrusion 41 is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm, and the height of the protrusion 41 is the distance between the top of the protrusion 41 and the recess 43 .

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the height of the protrusion 41 is set to be greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm along the thickness direction of the solar cell. The above setting can not only reduce the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40 and reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40, but also help reduce the cost of the solar cell and improve the market competitiveness of the solar cell. Furthermore, it can also enable the transmission electrode 40 to have a higher transmission efficiency and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0083] For example, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the height of the protrusion 41 may be set to 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, etc.

[0084] As a preferred embodiment, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the height of the protrusion 41 can be set to be greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 15 μm. The above setting can further reduce the material usage of the transmission electrode 40 and reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40. At the same time, the transmission electrode 40 has a higher current transmission efficiency, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0085] For example, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the height of the protrusion 41 may be set to 5 μm, 7 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, etc.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present application, the height of the protrusion 41 is set to be greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 15 μm along the thickness direction of the solar cell, thereby further reducing the material usage of the transmission electrode 40, reducing the manufacturing cost of the transmission electrode 40, and ensuring that the transmission electrode 40 has a higher current transmission capacity to ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0087] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 6As shown, the projection of the protrusion 41 in the embodiment of the present application on the plane where the base 10 is located is at least one of a cross star structure, a hexagonal star structure, and a triangle structure.

[0088] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the raised portion 41 in the embodiment of the present application has a projection on the plane where the base 10 is located, and the projection includes but is not limited to one or more of a cross star structure, a hexagonal star structure, and a triangular structure. In other words, the projection of the raised portion 41 on the plane where the base 10 is located may include only a cross star structure, or may include only a hexagonal star structure, or may include only a triangular structure. The projection of the raised portion 41 on the plane where the base 10 is located may include a cross star structure and a hexagonal star structure, or the projection of the raised portion 41 on the plane where the base 10 is located may include a cross star structure and a triangular structure, or the projection of the raised portion 41 on the plane where the base 10 is located may also include a hexagonal star structure and a triangular structure.

[0089] Of course, the above are individual examples of the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. In actual applications, technicians can set the specific structure of the protrusion 41 as needed.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the protrusion 41 on the plane where the substrate 10 is located is set to at least one of a cross star structure, a hexagonal star structure, and a triangular structure. These structures have multiple connecting edges surrounding the center point to facilitate the connection of adjacent protrusions 41, thereby reducing the power loss of the transmission electrode 40, improving the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40, and ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0091] Furthermore, the above configuration can also reduce the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40 and the manufacturing cost of the transmission electrode 40 , thereby reducing the cost of solar cells and improving the market competitiveness of solar cells.

[0092] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, when the projection of the protrusion 41 on the plane where the substrate 10 is located is a cross star structure, a plurality of connection portions 42 can be sequentially arranged on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, and each connection portion 42 connects two adjacent protrusions 41 to increase the current transmission path of the transmission electrode 40. When a part of the transmission electrode 40 has poor contact, or a part of the transmission electrode 40 has a large resistance, the current can be transmitted along a path with a smaller resistance, so as to reduce the current transmission distance and improve the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40.

[0093] Taking the raised portion 41 as a cross star structure as an example, the connecting portion 42 can be a ridge bar, which connects adjacent raised portions 41 through the ridge bar, and the extension line of the ridge bar connected to the two opposite vertices of the raised portion 41 points to the center of the raised portion 41.

[0094] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the connecting line of the center points of each group of protrusions 41 is on a straight line.

[0095] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, the connecting lines of the center points of each group of protrusions 41 are arranged on a straight line to shorten the current transmission path of the transmission electrode 40, improve the current transmission efficiency, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0096] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the recessed portion 43 in the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of recessed portions 43, and the plurality of recessed portions 43 are arranged in an array.

[0097] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the structures of the multiple recessed portions 43 in the embodiment of the present application are the same or similar, and the multiple recessed portions 43 are arranged in an array, so as to reduce the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40, reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40, thereby reducing the cost of the solar cell and improving the market competitiveness of the solar cell.

[0098] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the structures of the multiple recessed portions 43 can be completely identical, for example, the projections of the multiple recessed portions 43 on the plane where the substrate 10 is located are all circular. The structures of the multiple recessed portions 43 can also be partially identical. For example, the projections of a portion of the multiple recessed portions 43 on the plane where the substrate 10 is located are circular, and the projections of the other portions are rectangular.

[0099] Alternatively, if Figure 5 As shown, the recessed portion 43 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first recessed portion 431 and a second recessed portion 432 , and the area of ​​the second recessed portion 432 is multiple times the area of ​​the first recessed portion 431 .

[0100] like Figure 5 As shown, the recessed portion 43 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first recessed portion 431 and a second recessed portion 432, and the second recessed portion 432 includes a plurality of first recessed portions 431. In other words, a plurality of first recessed portions 431 are directly connected to form the second recessed portion 432, and no protruding portion 41 is arranged in the middle. Therefore, the area of ​​the second recessed portion 432 is multiple times the area of ​​the first recessed portion 431.

[0101] Exemplarily, the second recessed portion 432 is formed by four first recessed portions 431 connected together, and no protruding portion 41 is arranged in the middle. Therefore, the area of ​​the second recessed portion 432 is greater than four times the area of ​​the first recessed portion 431 .

[0102] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the area of ​​the second recess 432 to be multiple times the area of ​​the first recess 431, the amount of material used in the transmission electrode 40 is further reduced, the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40 is reduced, and thus the cost of the solar cell is reduced, thereby improving the market competitiveness of the solar cell.

[0103] Alternatively, if Figure 6 As shown, the protrusion 41 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first protrusion 411 and a second protrusion 412 , and the area of ​​the second protrusion 412 is multiple times the area of ​​the first protrusion 411 .

[0104] like Figure 6 As shown, the protrusion 41 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first protrusion 411 and a second protrusion 412, and the second protrusion 412 includes a plurality of first protrusions 411. In other words, a plurality of first protrusions 411 are directly connected to form the second protrusion 412, and no recessed portion 43 is provided in the middle. Therefore, the area of ​​the second protrusion 412 is multiple times the area of ​​the first protrusion 411.

[0105] Exemplarily, the second protrusion 412 is composed of three first protrusions 411 connected together, and no recessed portion 43 is provided in the middle. Therefore, the area of ​​the second protrusion 412 is greater than three times the area of ​​the first protrusion 411 .

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, the area of ​​the second protrusion 412 is set to be multiple times the area of ​​the first protrusion 411 to enhance the current transmission capability of the transmission electrode 40 and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0107] As a preferred implementation, in the embodiment of the present application, the angle between the extension direction of the second protrusion 412 and the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40 is set to be less than or equal to 30 degrees. The transmission direction of the current in the transmission electrode 40 is usually the same as the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40. The angle between the extension direction of the second protrusion 412 and the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40 is set to be less than or equal to 30 degrees, which can further enhance the current transmission capability of the transmission electrode 40 and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0108] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 is greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm.

[0109] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, taking the projection of the concave portion 43 on the plane where the substrate 10 is located as a circle as an example, the distance between two adjacent circle centers is greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm. Figures 4 to 6As shown, taking the projection of the recessed portion 43 on the plane of the substrate 10 as a square-like structure as an example, the distance between the center points of two adjacent squares is greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm. The square-like is a quadrilateral with four arc-shaped sides and two sides arranged opposite to each other symmetrically.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 is set to be greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm, so as to reduce the amount of material used in the transmission electrode 40 and reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40. At the same time, it can also avoid that the distance between two adjacent protruding portions 41 is too far, which affects the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40.

[0111] For example, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 may be set to 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, etc.

[0112] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the recessed portion 43 has a first depth relative to the top of the raised portion 41 , and the ratio of the first depth to the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the concave portion 43 has a first depth relative to the top of the convex portion 41, and the first depth is equal to the height of the top of the convex portion 41 relative to the concave portion 43. The ratio of the first depth to the distance between the center points of two adjacent concave portions 43 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1, so that the size of the concave portion 43 is more optimal, thereby further reducing the material usage of the transmission electrode 40, reducing the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40, and at the same time, ensuring the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0114] Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the first depth of the recessed portion 43 relative to the top of the raised portion 41 to the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 can be set to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, etc.

[0115] Optionally, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the sum of the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the protrusion 41 and the thickness of the protrusion 41 is greater than or equal to 9 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm; and / or, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the recessed portion 43 is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.

[0116] In the embodiment of the present application, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the sum of the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the protrusion 41 and the thickness of the protrusion 41 is set to be greater than or equal to 9 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm. In other words, the sum of the thickness of the protrusion 41 and the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 is greater than or equal to 9 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm.

[0117] The above configuration can not only reduce the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40, but also reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40, thereby helping to reduce the cost of solar cells and improve the market competitiveness of solar cells. Furthermore, the transmission electrode 40 can also have a higher transmission efficiency, ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0118] For example, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the sum of the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the protrusion 41 and the thickness of the protrusion 41 may be set to 9 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, etc.

[0119] In the embodiment of the present application, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the recessed portion 43 is set to be greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the thickness of the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the recessed portion 43 is set to be greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm, so as to reduce the amount of material used for the transmission electrode 40 and reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40. Furthermore, the transmission electrode 40 corresponding to the recessed portion 43 can be connected to the adjacent protruding portion 41, so as to improve the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40 and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0121] Alternatively, if Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the projection of the recessed portion 43 in the embodiment of the present application on the plane where the substrate 10 is located is at least one of a circular structure, an elliptical structure, a square structure, and a quasi-square structure.

[0122] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the recessed portion 43 in the embodiment of the present application has a projection on the plane where the base 10 is located, and the projection can be a circular structure, an elliptical structure, or a square structure, for example, a square structure, a rectangular structure, or a quasi-square structure, which refers to a square structure with arc-shaped sides.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present application, the projection of the recessed portion 43 on the plane where the substrate 10 is located is set to at least one of a circular structure, an elliptical structure, a square structure, and a quasi-square structure, which helps to reduce the amount of material used in the transmission electrode 40 and reduce the preparation cost of the transmission electrode 40, thereby reducing the cost of solar cells and improving the market competitiveness of solar cells.

[0124] Optionally, the transmission electrode 40 in the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of transmission electrodes 40 , and the plurality of transmission electrodes 40 all extend along the third direction C and are arranged at intervals along the fourth direction D; wherein the fourth direction D intersects with the third direction C.

[0125] The transmission electrodes 40 in the embodiment of the present application include multiple transmission electrodes 40, which extend along the third direction and are arranged at intervals along the fourth direction D, so as to collect the current generated by the substrate 10 through the multiple transmission electrodes 40, improve the current transmission efficiency, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0126] For example, when the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell, the plurality of transmission electrodes 40 are disposed on the back side of the substrate 10, and the plurality of transmission electrodes 40 include positive transmission electrodes and negative transmission electrodes. The positive transmission electrodes and the negative transmission electrodes may be alternately arranged on the back side of the substrate 10.

[0127] When the solar cell is a double-sided cell, part of the plurality of transmission electrodes 40 is arranged on the front side of the substrate 10, and the other part is arranged on the back side of the substrate 10. The transmission electrodes 40 arranged on the front side of the substrate 10 and the transmission electrodes 40 arranged on the back side of the substrate 10 have different polarities.

[0128] Alternatively, if Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment of the present application also includes a passivation layer 20, which is stacked between the substrate 10 and the transmission electrode 40; a contact electrode 30, which is penetrated by the passivation layer 20, one end of the contact electrode 30 is electrically connected to the substrate 10, and the other end of the contact electrode 30 is electrically connected to the transmission electrode 40.

[0129] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, a passivation layer 20 is stacked between the substrate 10 and the transmission electrode 40. The passivation layer 20 has insulating properties. The substrate 10 is protected by the passivation layer 20 to avoid problems such as short circuits in the solar cell.

[0130] It should be noted that the passivation layer 20 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to at least one of a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a silicon carbide layer, and an amorphous silicon layer.

[0131] In the embodiment of the present application, the contact electrode 30 is disposed through the passivation layer 20, so that one end of the contact electrode 30 abuts against the substrate 10 and is electrically connected to the substrate 10, and the other end of the contact electrode 30 abuts against the transmission electrode 40 and is electrically connected to the transmission electrode 40. The substrate 10 and the transmission electrode 40 are connected through the contact electrode 30, so that the current generated by the substrate 10 is conducted to the transmission electrode 40, and then the current is transmitted to the external circuit through the transmission electrode 40.

[0132] It should be noted that the contact electrode 30 in the embodiment of the present application can be made of metals such as silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, gold, zinc, tin, and lead. The contact electrode 30 can also be made of metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and metal sulfides. Exemplarily, the metal oxide can be indium tin oxide, and the metal nitride can be tin nitride, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, there are no excessive restrictions on the specific material of the contact electrode 30. In actual applications, technicians can choose according to their needs.

[0133] In the embodiment of the present application, a point contact technical solution is adopted to connect the substrate 10 and the transmission electrode 40. On the one hand, the direct connection area between the transmission electrode 40 and the substrate 10 can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the surface passivation ability of the substrate 10. On the other hand, the contact electrode 30 can use a structure and material with a lower recombination rate after contacting the substrate 10, thereby reducing the recombination rate of the contact interface between the contact electrode 30 and the substrate 10. On the other hand, the contact electrode 30 can use a material with better contact performance. For example, the contact electrode 30 can use a material with lower resistance, thereby reducing resistance and improving transmission performance. Finally, the material cost of the contact electrode 30 is relatively high. Through the above-mentioned settings, the amount of material used for the contact electrode 30 can be reduced, thereby significantly reducing the production cost of solar cells.

[0134] Alternatively, if Figure 8 As shown, the transmission electrode 40 in the embodiment of the present application has a first projection on the plane where the substrate 10 is located, and the contact electrode 30 has a second projection on the plane where the substrate 10 is located, and the second projection falls within the first projection.

[0135] like Figure 8 As shown, the transmission electrode 40 in the embodiment of the present application has a first projection on the plane where the substrate 10 is located, and the contact electrode 30 has a second projection on the plane where the substrate 10 is located, and the second projection falls within the first projection. It can be understood that along the fourth direction D, the width of the transmission electrode 40 is greater than or equal to the width of the contact electrode 30. So that the contact electrode 30 can connect the substrate 10 and the transmission electrode 40, thereby ensuring the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0136] Alternatively, if Figure 8As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the fourth direction D, the width of the transmission electrode 40 is greater than or equal to 60 μm; and / or, along the fourth direction D, the width of the contact electrode 30 is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm.

[0137] like Figure 8 As shown, in the embodiment of the present application, along the fourth direction D, the width of the transmission electrode 40 is set to be greater than or equal to 60μm, and the width of the contact electrode 30 is set to be greater than or equal to 10μm and less than or equal to 40μm. Even if the transmission electrode 40 has a large offset relative to the contact electrode 30 along the fourth direction D, the transmission electrode 40 can still be electrically connected to the contact electrode 30, so that the transmission electrode 40 has a good current transmission capability, thereby ensuring the current transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Although the width of the transmission electrode 40 is set to be relatively wide, because there are multiple protrusions 41 arranged in an array on the side of the transmission electrode 40 away from the substrate 10, without affecting the transmission efficiency of the transmission electrode 40, the amount of slurry used in the transmission electrode 40 can be reduced, and the cost of using the slurry can be reduced, thereby helping to reduce the preparation cost of solar cells and improve the market competitiveness of solar cells.

[0138] Illustratively, along the fourth direction D, the width of the transmission electrode 40 may be set to 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 75 μm, 80 μm, 85 μm, 90 μm, etc. Along the fourth direction D, the width of the contact electrode 30 may be set to 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, etc.

[0139] Alternatively, if Figure 7 As shown, the substrate 10 in the embodiment of the present application has a first surface and a second surface that are arranged opposite to each other, and the passivation layer 20 is stacked on the first surface of the substrate 10 , and / or the passivation layer 20 is stacked on the second surface of the substrate 10 .

[0140] like Figure 7 As shown, the substrate 10 in the embodiment of the present application has a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, and the first surface of the substrate 10 is taken as the front surface and the second surface is taken as the back surface. The passivation layer 20 can be only superimposed on the first surface of the substrate 10, that is, the transmission electrode 40 is also only arranged on the first surface of the substrate 10. The passivation layer 20 can be only superimposed on the second surface of the substrate 10, that is, the transmission electrode 40 is also only arranged on the first surface of the substrate 10, and the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell. The passivation layer 20 can also be superimposed on both the first surface of the substrate 10 and the second surface of the substrate 10, that is, the transmission electrode 40 is arranged on both the first surface of the substrate 10 and the second surface of the substrate 10, and the solar cell is a double-sided solar cell.

[0141] Optionally, along the second direction B, the distance between the center points of two adjacent protrusions 41 is W1; along the fourth direction D, the width of the contact electrode 30 is W2, satisfying -2<lg(W2 / W1)<2; wherein the second direction B intersects with the third direction C, and the fourth direction D is perpendicular to the third direction C.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, along the second direction B, the distance between the center points of two adjacent protrusions 41 is set to W1, and along the fourth direction D, the width of the contact electrode 30 is set to W2, satisfying -2<lg(W2 / W1)<2. The above settings can reduce the transmission resistance between the contact electrode 30 and the transmission electrode 40, ensure the transmission efficiency of the current, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0143] Exemplarily, lg(W2 / W1) can be set to -2, -1.5, -1, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, etc.

[0144] As a preferred implementation, in the embodiment of the present application, -1<lg(W2 / W1)<1 is satisfied, so as to further reduce the transmission resistance between the contact electrode 30 and the transmission electrode 40, ensure the current transmission efficiency, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0145] Exemplarily, lg(W2 / W1) can be set to -1, -0.8, -0.5, -0.2, 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1, etc.

[0146] Optionally, W2 ≥ 30 μm is satisfied.

[0147] In the embodiment of the present application, along the fourth direction D, the width W2 of the contact electrode 40 can be set to be greater than or equal to 30 μm to ensure that the contact electrode 30 can be in good contact with the transmission electrode 40, and the current can be better transmitted from the contact electrode 30 to the transmission electrode 40, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0148] Exemplarily, along the fourth direction D, the width W2 of the contact electrode 40 may be set to 30 μm, 32 μm, 35 μm, 38 μm, 40 μm, or the like.

[0149] Optionally, W1<2W2 is satisfied.

[0150] In the embodiment of the present application, the distance W1 between the center points of two adjacent protrusions 41 is set to be less than twice the width W2 of the contact electrode 30 to ensure that the contact electrode 30 is at least partially located below the protrusion 41, that is, the contact electrode 30 is in contact with the protrusion 41 of the transmission electrode 40, the protrusion 41 is thicker and its transmission resistance is smaller, so that the resistance during current transmission is smaller and the current transmission efficiency is higher, which helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0151] Optionally, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 is W3 , and along the fourth direction D, the width of the contact electrode 30 is W2 , satisfying W2 − W3 > 10 μm.

[0152] In the embodiment of the present application, the difference between the width W2 of the contact electrode 30 and the distance W3 between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 is set to be greater than 10 μm, so that the contact electrode 30 is located under more protrusions 41, and the contact electrode 30 is in contact with more protrusions 41 of the transmission electrode 40. The protrusions 41 are thicker and have a smaller transmission resistance, thereby making the resistance during current transmission smaller and the current transmission efficiency higher, which helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0153] For example, the difference between the width W2 of the contact electrode 30 and the distance W3 between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 may be set to 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, 15 μm, etc.

[0154] An optional implementation method, such as Figure 8 As shown, the contact electrode 30 in the embodiment of the present application is a long strip structure, and the contact electrode 30 extends along a third direction C, which is the same as the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40 .

[0155] Another optional implementation method, such as Figure 8 As shown, the projection of the contact electrode 30 in the embodiment of the present application on the plane where the substrate 10 is located can be circular, square, elliptical, square-like, etc.

[0156] The contact electrode 30 may include a group, the group of contact electrodes 30 includes a plurality of contact electrodes 30, and the plurality of contact electrodes 30 are arranged at intervals along the third direction C; the third direction C is the same as the extension direction of the transmission electrode 40. Alternatively, the contact electrode 30 includes a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of contact electrodes 30 are arranged at intervals along the fourth direction D; wherein the fourth direction D intersects the third direction C.

[0157] Of course, if Figure 8 As shown, the contact electrodes 30 may also have the above two forms, and the contact electrodes 30 of the above two forms are arranged along the third direction C at intervals.

[0158] The above are individual examples of the specific structure of the contact electrode 30 and are not intended to be limiting of the present application. In actual applications, technicians can set the specific structure of the contact electrode 30 as needed.

[0159] Optionally, the substrate 10 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the second surface has a first electrode area and a second electrode area arranged adjacent to each other, and the polarities of the first electrode area and the second electrode area are opposite; the transmission electrode 40 includes a first transmission electrode and a second transmission electrode, the first transmission electrode is arranged in the first electrode area and is electrically connected to the first electrode area, and the second transmission electrode is arranged in the second electrode area and is electrically connected to the second electrode area; wherein, along the thickness direction of the solar cell, the height of the protrusion 41 in the first transmission electrode is the same as or different from the height of the protrusion 41 in the second transmission electrode.

[0160] When the solar cell is a back-contact solar cell, the first surface of the substrate 10 is the light-receiving surface facing the sunlight, also referred to as the front surface. The second surface of the substrate 10 is the backlight surface facing away from the sunlight, also referred to as the back surface. The second surface has a first electrode region and a second electrode region arranged adjacent to each other, and the first electrode region and the second electrode region each include a plurality of first electrode regions and a plurality of second electrode regions, each extending along the third direction C and arranged alternately along the fourth direction D. Exemplarily, the first electrode region is a P region, and the second electrode region is an N region, or the first electrode region is an N region, and the second electrode region is a P region.

[0161] The contact electrode also includes a first contact electrode and a second contact electrode, the first contact electrode passes through the passivation layer, and one end of the first contact electrode is connected to the first electrode region. The first transmission electrode is arranged on the first contact electrode and is electrically connected to the other end of the first contact electrode. The second contact electrode passes through the passivation layer, and one end of the second contact electrode is connected to the second electrode region. The second transmission electrode is arranged on the second contact electrode and is electrically connected to the other end of the second contact electrode.

[0162] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of protrusions 41 are provided on the side of the first transmission electrode and the second transmission electrode away from the substrate 10, and the plurality of protrusions 41 are arranged in an array. Among them, the height of the protrusion 41 included in the first transmission electrode and the height of the protrusion 41 included in the second transmission electrode can be the same or different. In this regard, in the embodiment of the present application, no specific restrictions are made. In actual applications, technicians can set it according to the needs of current collection. So that the height of the protrusion 41 included in the first transmission electrode and the protrusion 41 included in the second transmission electrode are more appropriate, so as to further control the material consumption of the transmission electrode 40, reduce the production cost of solar cells, and enhance the market competitiveness of solar cells.

[0163] Optionally, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the first transmission electrode is different from the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the second transmission electrode.

[0164] The distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the first transmission electrode in the embodiment of the present application is different from the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the second transmission electrode. Exemplarily, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the first transmission electrode is greater than the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the second transmission electrode. Alternatively, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the first transmission electrode is less than the distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions 43 in the second transmission electrode.

[0165] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the distance between the center points of two adjacent recesses 43 in the first transmission electrode to be different from the distance between the center points of two adjacent recesses 43 in the second transmission electrode, the distance between the center points of two adjacent recesses 43 in the first transmission electrode and the distance between the center points of two adjacent recesses 43 in the second transmission electrode are made more appropriate, thereby further controlling the material usage of the transmission electrode 40, reducing the production cost of solar cells, and improving the market competitiveness of solar cells.

[0166] The embodiment of the present application further discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes the solar cell described in the above embodiment.

[0167] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell included in the photovoltaic module has the same structure as the solar cell described in the above embodiment, and its beneficial effects are also similar, which will not be described in detail here.

[0168] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0169] Although the optional embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including optional embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0170] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity from another entity, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or terminal device including the elements.

[0171] The technical solution provided by the present invention is introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principle and implementation mode of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the principle and implementation mode of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation mode and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: include: substrate; A transmission electrode is arranged on the surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the substrate. A plurality of protrusions are sequentially arranged on a side of the transmission electrode away from the substrate. The plurality of protrusions are arranged in an array, and adjacent protrusions are at least partially connected.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusions include a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of protrusions are arranged in sequence along a first direction; Each group of the protrusions includes a plurality of protrusions, and the plurality of protrusions are arranged in sequence along the second direction; The extending direction of the transmission electrode is a third direction, the second direction intersects with the third direction, and the first direction intersects with the second direction and the third direction.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first angle is formed between the second direction and the third direction, and the first angle is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

4. The solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first angle is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees.

5. The solar cell according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: There is a second angle between the first direction and the second direction, and the second angle is less than or equal to 90 degrees.

6. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjacent protrusions enclose a first region, and the transmission electrode corresponding to the first region is a recessed portion.

7. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the height of the protrusion is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm; the height of the protrusion is the distance between the top of the protrusion and the recess.

8. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the height of the protrusion is greater than or equal to 5 μm and less than or equal to 15 μm.

9. The solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projection of the protrusion on the plane where the base is located is at least one of a cross star structure, a hexagonal star structure, and a triangle structure.

10. The solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting line of the center points of each group of protrusions is on a straight line.

11. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The recessed portions include a plurality of recessed portions, and the plurality of recessed portions are arranged in an array.

12. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: The recessed portion includes a first recessed portion and a second recessed portion, wherein the area of ​​the second recessed portion is multiple times the area of ​​the first recessed portion; And / or, the protrusion includes a first protrusion and a second protrusion, and the area of ​​the second protrusion is multiple times the area of ​​the first protrusion.

13. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: The distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions is greater than or equal to 20 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm.

14. The solar cell according to claim 13, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the recessed portion has a first depth relative to the top of the raised portion, and a ratio of the first depth to a distance between center points of two adjacent recessed portions is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.

15. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: Along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the sum of the thickness of the transmission electrode corresponding to the protrusion and the thickness of the protrusion is greater than or equal to 9 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm; And / or, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the thickness of the transmission electrode corresponding to the recessed portion is greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 20 μm.

16. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: The projection of the recessed portion on the plane where the base is located is at least one of a circular structure, an elliptical structure, a square structure, and a quasi-square structure.

17. The solar cell according to claim 11, characterized in that: The transmission electrodes include a plurality of transmission electrodes, each of which extends along the third direction and is arranged at intervals along the fourth direction; Wherein, the fourth direction intersects with the third direction.

18. The solar cell according to claim 17, characterized in that: The solar cell further comprises: a passivation layer, the passivation layer being stacked between the substrate and the transmission electrode; A contact electrode is provided through the passivation layer, one end of the contact electrode is electrically connected to the substrate, and the other end of the contact electrode is electrically connected to the transmission electrode.

19. The solar cell according to claim 18, characterized in that: The transmission electrode has a first projection on the plane where the substrate is located, and the contact electrode has a second projection on the plane where the substrate is located, and the second projection falls within the first projection.

20. The solar cell according to claim 19, characterized in that: Along the fourth direction, the width of the transmission electrode is greater than or equal to 60 μm; And / or, along the fourth direction, a width of the contact electrode is greater than or equal to 10 μm and less than or equal to 40 μm.

21. The solar cell according to claim 18, characterized in that: The substrate has a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, the passivation layer is stacked on the first surface of the substrate, and / or the passivation layer is stacked on the second surface of the substrate.

22. The solar cell according to claim 18, characterized in that: Along the second direction, the distance between the center points of two adjacent protrusions is W1; Along the fourth direction, the width of the contact electrode is W2, satisfying -2<lg(W2 / W1)<2; The second direction intersects with the third direction, and the fourth direction is perpendicular to the third direction.

23. The solar cell according to claim 22, characterized in that: Satisfies -1<lg(W2 / W1)<1.

24. The solar cell according to claim 22, characterized in that: Satisfy W2≥30μm.

25. The solar cell according to claim 22, characterized in that: Satisfies W1<2W2.

26. The solar cell according to claim 22, characterized in that: The distance between the center points of two adjacent recessed portions is W3, and along the fourth direction, the width of the contact electrode is W2, satisfying W2-W3>10 μm.

27. The solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other, the second surface has a first electrode region and a second electrode region arranged adjacent to each other, and the first electrode region and the second electrode region have opposite polarities; The transmission electrode includes a first transmission electrode and a second transmission electrode, the first transmission electrode is disposed in the first electrode region and electrically connected to the first electrode region, and the second transmission electrode is disposed in the second electrode region and electrically connected to the second electrode region; Wherein, along the thickness direction of the solar cell sheet, the heights of the protrusions in the first transmission electrode and the protrusions in the second transmission electrode are the same or different.

28. The solar cell according to claim 27, characterized in that: A distance between center points of two adjacent recessed portions in the first transmission electrode is different from a distance between center points of two adjacent recessed portions in the second transmission electrode.

29. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module comprises the solar cell sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 28.

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