Method for improving saline and alkaline of orchard soil in northern coastal region

Abstract

The invention discloses a northern coastal region orchard soil saline-alkali improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises a growing period treatment method and a dormancy period treatment method. The growing period treatment comprises the following steps: when seedlings are planted in a new orchard, the ridging height is 10-20 cm, drip irrigation belts with the line spacing of 40-50 cm are laid close to trunks, the soil humidity is controlled not to exceed 80% in the early stage of seedling planting, and drip irrigation is carried out. The dormancy period treatment comprises the steps that autumn tidying, pruning and fertilization are conducted after the fruit trees fall leaves, then large soil blocks are deeply ploughed between rows of the orchard, and other operation is not conducted any more after deep ploughing. According to the method, the capillary action is inhibited through precise drip irrigation in the growing period, rising of underground high-salt water is controlled, capillary channels are cut off through deep ploughing in the dormancy period, and rising of salt and alkali is prevented all year round, so that the saline-alkaline degree of crop growth layer soil is stably controlled all year round. Experiments show that the method is suitable for improving non-severe saline-alkali soil in orchards in coastal areas of the Yellow River Delta, and can also be used for reference application or adjustment application in other areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to a method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in northern coastal areas. Background Art

[0002] Some coastal areas in the north are prone to seawater backflow during the flood season due to high salt content and high water level in groundwater. In addition, the coastal areas are windy and the surface evaporation is strong, which leads to active water and salt movement under capillary action, forming the phenomenon of "salt follows water, and water leaves salt". Even if measures are taken to reduce soil salinity in a certain period, if the source of salt and alkali cannot be controlled throughout the year, the soil will soon return to alkalinity, which is also the biggest problem in salinization management. These natural environmental conditions have caused salinization of the land in the northern coastal areas, especially in the Bohai Rim area, to varying degrees. There are about 7 million mu of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta alone. With the continuous acceleration of the process of new industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between agricultural and non-agricultural use of limited land resources has become increasingly prominent. Under this situation, it is of great practical significance to make full use of the saline-alkali land resources in the northern coastal areas, establish a big food concept, adopt the strategy of "grain if suitable for grain, fruit if suitable for fruit" according to local conditions, and use efficient and practical technical means to achieve high-quality utilization of saline-alkali land. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal areas.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area, comprising a growing period treatment method and a dormant period treatment method;

[0006] The growing season treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Plant seedlings in new orchards and set the ridge height to 10-20 cm;

[0008] Step 2: Lay the drip irrigation tape close to the tree trunk, with the row spacing of the drip irrigation tape being 40-50 cm;

[0009] Step 3: In the early stage of planting seedlings in a new orchard, control the soil moisture to no more than 80%;

[0010] Step 4: Drip irrigation of the orchard;

[0011] The dormant period treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1. After the fruit trees have shed their leaves, the orchard is tidied, pruned and fertilized in autumn;

[0013] S2. After completing the autumn tidying work, deep plowing of large soil blocks is carried out between the rows of the orchard. No other work is carried out after deep plowing.

[0014] The present invention suppresses soil capillary action by targeted and precise control of soil moisture, reduces the activity of soil water and salt movement, suppresses the movement of underground high-salt water to the surface, thereby reducing the evaporation of high-salt water on the surface, and effectively weakens the phenomenon of "water evaporates, but salt remains in the soil", fundamentally suppresses the source of soil salt, reduces the transport of salt from groundwater to the surface, and is assisted by deep plowing of large soil blocks in winter to cut off capillary channels, which can suppress the infiltration of underground high-salt water all year round, thereby achieving effective improvement of orchard soil salinization.

[0015] Furthermore, a heat preservation film or a weed-proof cloth may be laid while planting seedlings in a new orchard, and the drip irrigation belt may be laid under the heat preservation film or the weed-proof cloth.

[0016] Furthermore, when controlling soil moisture, it cannot be maintained at 80% all the time, and the maximum humidity should be set at 60% for 2 days each week.

[0017] Furthermore, humidity parameters were monitored at 20 cm below the surface.

[0018] When measuring humidity, the hygrometer includes a resistance hygrometer or a microwave hygrometer; in the first year, the number of hygrometers used shall be no less than 4 per acre of orchard, evenly distributed, and the number may be appropriately reduced in subsequent years.

[0019] Furthermore, during drip irrigation, the amount of irrigation water, changes in soil salinity, and the growth of fruit trees should be observed at all times, and empirical data should be obtained based on the different conditions of each orchard.

[0020] Furthermore, the maximum humidity value should be set to 80% during the budding period, early flowering period and fruit expansion period of fruit trees; the maximum humidity value should be set to 60% during the flowering period, rainy season and leaf falling period of fruit trees.

[0021] Furthermore, during the drip irrigation process, appropriate fertilizers are added in a timely manner according to the growth needs of the fruit trees, sharing the water-fertilizer integration function.

[0022] Furthermore, the depth of deep plowing is 30-40 cm, and both sides of the deep plowing between rows are 40 cm away from the fruit trees.

[0023] Furthermore, the growing period treatment method and the dormant period treatment method are also applicable to old orchards. That is, the soil salinity and alkali improvement method for old orchards includes the growing period treatment method and the dormant period treatment method;

[0024] The growing season treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0025] Drip irrigation tapes are laid close to the tree trunks, and the row spacing of the drip irrigation tapes is 40-50 cm; through drip irrigation facilities, the maximum humidity value of the fruit tree during the budding period, early flowering period and fruit expansion period is controlled to be 80%; the maximum humidity value of the fruit tree during the flowering period, rainy season and leaf falling period is set to 60%;

[0026] The dormant period treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. After the fruit trees have shed their leaves, the orchard is tidied, pruned and fertilized in autumn;

[0028] S2. After completing the autumn tidying work, deep plowing of large soil blocks is carried out between the rows of the orchard. No other work is carried out after deep plowing.

[0029] In the method provided by the present invention, the growing period refers to late spring, summer and early autumn, and the precision drip irrigation and capillary action inhibition technology is applicable. The dormant period refers to late autumn, winter and early spring, and the large soil block deep turning technology is applicable. The initial planting period of the new orchard refers to the first year of planting fruit tree seedlings.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0031] The present invention uses precision drip irrigation to maintain reasonable soil humidity in late spring, summer, and early autumn, inhibits capillary action, and controls the rise of underground high-salt water; in early spring, winter, and late autumn, large soil blocks are deep-turned between rows to cut off capillary channels and prevent the rise of underground high-salt water, thereby achieving year-round control of the rise of underground high-salt water and achieving the purpose of stable and lasting improvement of saline-alkali soil. Experiments have shown that the present invention is suitable for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in orchards in the coastal areas of the Yellow River Delta (non-severe saline-alkali), and can also be used for reference in other areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 Site map of the drip tape laying in the 2021 test area;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a site photo of deep plowing of large soil blocks in the experimental area in 2021. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0037] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0038] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0039] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0040] The salinity of soil in coastal areas is mostly caused by the erosion of seawater in different ways. Taking the Yellow River Delta as an example, except for some mountainous areas, the soil types are mostly tidal soil and saline-alkali soil. In these areas, the use of traditional saline-alkali land management methods, such as terraced fields, flooding, increasing the application of green manure and organic fertilizer, and increasing the surface vegetation cover as much as possible, can achieve the goal to a certain extent, but these methods are effective for a short time, the degree of salinity reduction is limited, and they are highly repetitive with seasonal changes; some people apply bacterial fertilizers, bacterial agents, soil improvers, etc. These methods change the original properties of the soil, or affect the normal growth of local native microbial communities; or add new ions to the soil. If used improperly, it will destroy the soil structure and cause serious soil pollution. The environmental characteristics of the Yellow River Delta are dry and rainy in spring and autumn, strong wind intensity and high frequency, strong evaporation of surface soil water, which makes the capillary action stronger. It is the most serious period of soil alkali, and some places even have patches of white flowers.

[0041] The present invention uses the apple orchard test base as a carrier, focuses on the key factor that the capillary phenomenon of soil in coastal areas leads to active water and salt movement and causes soil salinization, and explores and summarizes a new model for targeted and accurate inhibition of soil capillary phenomenon, so as to reduce the activity of water and salt movement, reduce the input of salinity factors in the cultivated layer of soil, and achieve the purpose of improving the soil. After multiple growth cycle experiments, the data on soil structure, fruit tree growth, fruit quality, etc. in the test area and the control area were comprehensively compared and analyzed, and the effect was good. On the basis of this key technology, it is assisted by deep turning of large soil blocks in winter to cut off the rising channels of groundwater, increase surface cover to reduce evaporation of soil surface water, and plant green between rows to improve the surface environment, which has a significant effect on reducing soil salinity in coastal areas. This model is simple, economical, practical, long-lasting and effective, has no side effects, and has strong practical application value.

[0042] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area, including a growing period treatment method and a dormant period treatment method;

[0043] (1) The growth period (late spring, summer, and early autumn) is suitable for precision drip irrigation to inhibit capillary action technology, and the treatment method includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: When planting seedlings in a new orchard, follow the respective plans. There is no special requirement for density. When making ridges, do not make them too high. The height should be between 10 and 20 cm. If it is higher than 20 cm, it will affect the uniform penetration of water and the accuracy of soil moisture measurement.

[0045] Step 2: Lay the drip irrigation tape close to the tree trunk, because its root system has not yet developed and expanded, which is conducive to the rapid absorption of water by the root system; the rest of the drip irrigation tapes are evenly laid between rows, generally at an interval of 40-50cm, which can be flexibly controlled according to the actual distance between rows;

[0046] Step 3: In the early stage of planting seedlings in a new orchard, the soil humidity control parameters should be set slightly higher, and the maximum humidity can be set at 80%. However, it cannot be maintained at 80% all the time. The maximum humidity should be set at 60% for 2 days a week to fully ensure the air capacity of the soil and maximize the activity of the tree roots;

[0047] Step 4: Drip irrigation is carried out in the orchard. The drip irrigation system can be selected from the common automatic drip irrigation equipment on the market, without any additional cost.

[0048] In some embodiments, if thermal insulation film or weed-proof cloth is laid at the same time when planting seedlings in a new orchard, the drip tape under the tree trunk is laid under the thermal insulation film or weed-proof cloth. At this time, water evaporation is significantly reduced compared to between rows. The drip tape under the tree trunk needs to be separated from other drip tapes between rows and controlled separately.

[0049] Humidity parameters should be monitored at 20cm below the ground surface, as this depth is where the roots are most active and best reflects the root growth environment. If it is too shallow, the monitoring value will be affected by surface water and the data will be higher; if it is too deep, drip irrigation water will have difficulty reaching the ground, which will cause excessive surface humidity.

[0050] Hygrometers can be resistance hygrometers, microwave hygrometers, etc. In the first year, use no less than 4 per acre of orchard, evenly distributed, and the number can be appropriately reduced in subsequent years.

[0051] During use of the method of the present invention, attention should be paid to observing the irrigation water volume, changes in soil salinity and alkalinity, and the growth of fruit trees at any time, and empirical data should be obtained according to the different conditions of each orchard to lay the foundation for future precise control.

[0052] When controlling humidity, the maximum humidity value during the budding period, early flowering period and fruit expansion period should be set higher, which can be set to 80%; the maximum humidity value during the flowering period, rainy season and leaf falling period should be set lower, which can be set to 60%.

[0053] During the drip irrigation process, appropriate fertilizers can be added in a timely manner according to the growth needs of fruit trees and shared with the integrated water and fertilizer function.

[0054] (ii) The dormant period (late autumn, winter, and early spring) is suitable for deep turning of large soil blocks, and the treatment method includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. After the fruit trees have shed their leaves, the orchard should be trimmed, pruned, and fertilized in autumn. The fallen branches and leaves can be used as compost raw materials.

[0056] S2. After completing all the autumn arrangements, deep plowing of large soil blocks between rows in the orchard is done. For large orchards, mechanical operations can be used; for small orchards, manual operations are recommended. Deep plowing should be more than 30 cm, preferably 30-40 cm. Deep plowing should be done in large soil blocks and stand upright. The distance between the fruit trees on both sides of the deep plowing between rows should be 40 cm. After deep plowing between rows, do not do other operations to avoid damaging the soil blocks.

[0057] The role of deep plowing between rows is, first, to destroy the capillary channels. After large-scale deep plowing, the phenomenon of moisture accumulation after freezing will also drop to below 30-40cm. Therefore, the capillary phenomenon of the surface will hardly take effect during this period, which can effectively prevent the upward movement of underground salt water. Second, it exposes surface pests and diseases and kills them by the severe cold in winter. Third, it increases soil permeability after leveling in the spring of the following year to prevent compaction. Fourth, it is conducive to the full mixing of fertilizers applied in autumn with the soil.

[0058] The above improvement method is also applicable to old orchards. Old orchards use grass between rows and generally do not have ridges. If there are ridges and the ridge height is greater than 20cm, the ridge height should be appropriately lowered or the rows should be raised before this technology can be applied. In addition, the old orchard does not need to adopt the humidity control method of the first year of the old orchard, and can directly adopt the method of the next year. Other operations are the same.

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Since the spring of 2021, two saline-alkali soil apple orchards near the coastal area of ​​the Yellow River Delta have been selected as experimental and control areas for model experiments. Before the experiment, the parameters of the saline-alkali land were measured, and the average values ​​are as follows:

[0062] pH = 8.25;

[0063] Organic matter = 15.2 g / kg;

[0064] Total nitrogen = 0.51 g / kg;

[0065] Total phosphorus = 0.06%;

[0066] Available phosphorus = 35.6 mg / kg;

[0067] Total potassium = 1.7%;

[0068] Available potassium = 197 mg / kg;

[0069] Slow-acting potassium = 1026 mg / kg;

[0070] Total water-soluble salts = 3.4 g / kg;

[0071] Bulk density = 1.44 g / cm 3 .

[0072] The improved method of the test area comprises the following steps:

[0073] (I) The treatment method during the growing season (late spring, summer, and early autumn) includes the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Plant apple seedlings in the test area with a ridge height of 10-20cm;

[0075] Step 2: Lay the drip irrigation tape close to the tree trunk, and lay the remaining drip irrigation tapes evenly between the rows, with an interval of 40-50cm;

[0076] Step 3: Set up moisture meters 20 cm below the surface of the orchard. Use 4 moisture meters per acre of orchard in the first year, evenly distributed, and reduce to 3 in subsequent years.

[0077] Step 4: Drip irrigation for the orchard. The drip irrigation system uses the common automatic drip irrigation equipment on the market. No additional cost is required. The laying method of the drip irrigation tape is shown in Figure 1 During drip irrigation, fertilization is carried out according to the growth needs of fruit trees and the growth needs of different periods, such as budding, flowering and fruiting, according to normal fruit tree management standards (which belongs to the daily management of the orchard), and the water-fertilizer integration function is shared;

[0078] In the early stage of planting seedlings in a new orchard, the soil humidity is set at 80%, with 2 days a week when the humidity is set at 60%; during the budding period, early flowering period and fruit expansion period, the humidity is set at 80%; during the flowering period, rainy season and leaf fall period, the humidity is set at 60%;

[0079] (II) The treatment method during the dormant period (late autumn, winter, and early spring) includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. After the apple trees shed their leaves, the orchard is trimmed in autumn, pruned, fertilized, and the fallen branches and leaves are used as compost raw materials;

[0081] S2. After completing the autumn tidying work, deep plowing should be carried out between the rows of the orchard. The deep plowing depth should be 30-40cm. The deep plowing should be carried out as large as possible and upright (such as Figure 2 ), deep plowing between rows should be 40cm away from the fruit trees on both sides. After deep plowing between rows, no other operations will be carried out.

[0082] In order to ensure the comparison effect between the experimental area and the control area, the two areas were synchronized and consistent in terms of fertilization (including organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, autumn topdressing, etc.), spraying, pruning and other agricultural management. The only difference was the treatment method of inhibiting salt and alkali. The control area used the traditional salt and alkali inhibition method, and the specific operation was as follows:

[0083] (I) Management during the growing season (mid-March to early October)

[0084] 1. Water management:

[0085] (1) Irrigation system: From mid-March, a fixed-quota irrigation system is implemented once a month. The irrigation volume is controlled to form a shallow layer of water of 4-5 cm on the ground surface, ensuring that the water penetration depth reaches 40-50 cm to meet the water requirements of fruit tree growth. In the rainy season (June-August), irrigation is appropriately reduced or stopped according to precipitation conditions.

[0086] (2) Irrigation method: Use tree pit irrigation, with the diameter of the tree pit controlled at 80-90% of the crown projection diameter to ensure that water is concentrated in the root area;

[0087] 2. Salt removal project:

[0088] (1) Digging salt drainage ditches: Dig salt drainage ditches with a depth of 1.5-2.0m and a width of 4m around the orchard, and control the slope of the ditch to 0.2%-0.3%;

[0089] (2) System layout: The salt drainage ditch is planned in a unified manner with the production roads and irrigation channels to form a complete drainage and salt removal system;

[0090] 3. Surface management:

[0091] Implement grass cultivation in the orchard, select salt- and alkali-tolerant legume or grass species, and control the grass layer height at 15-20cm to reduce soil moisture evaporation and improve the orchard microclimate.

[0092] (II) Dormant period management (mid-October to early March of the following year)

[0093] 1. Tree management:

[0094] (1) Winter pruning: Prune the tree according to its age and vigor, and remove overcrowded branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, and overgrown branches;

[0095] (2) Trunk whitewashing: Use a mixture of lime and sulfur to whitewash the trunk, up to the fork of the first main branch;

[0096] 2. Garden management:

[0097] (1) Garden cleaning: Thoroughly remove dead branches and leaves, diseased and insect-infested fruits, etc. in the garden and destroy them in a centralized manner;

[0098] (2) Soil disinfection: Spray the entire garden with a broad-spectrum fungicide, using the dosage according to the product instructions.

[0099] 3. Wintering management:

[0100] After completing the above operations, the orchard enters the wintering period, during which no other agricultural operations will be carried out and it will remain in its natural state until the following spring.

[0101] In November 2024, the soil in the two areas was tested and compared, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The yield, quality, and commercial fruit rate of apples in 2024 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0102] The pH value detection standard is: NY / T 1377-2007 Determination of soil pH value.

[0103] The organic matter detection standard is: LY / T 1237-1999 Determination of forest soil organic matter and calculation of carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0104] The total nitrogen detection standard is: LY / T 1228-2015 Determination of forest soil nitrogen.

[0105] The total phosphorus testing standard is: NY / T 88-1988.

[0106] The testing standard for available phosphorus is: HJ 704-2014.

[0107] The total potassium detection standard is: NY / T 87-1988.

[0108] The testing standard for fast-acting potassium is: NY / T 889-2004.

[0109] The testing standard for slow-release potassium is: NY / T 889-2004.

[0110] The testing standard for total water-soluble salt is: NY / T 1121.16-2006.

[0111] The bulk density test standard is: NY / T 1121.4-2006.

[0112] Table 1 Soil test results in the test area

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] Table 2 Soil test results in the control area

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that after adopting the method of the test area of ​​Example 1, the main indicators reflecting the salinity of the soil, such as pH value and salt content, all decreased significantly.

[0119] Table 3 Comparison of apple indexes between the experimental area and the control area (sampling mean)

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] As can be seen from Table 3, the yield, quality, and commercial fruit rate of apples in the experimental area in 2024 were better than those in the control area.

[0123] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area, characterized in that: Including growing period treatment methods and dormant period treatment methods; The growing season treatment method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Plant seedlings in new orchards and set the ridge height to 10-20 cm; Step 2: Lay the drip irrigation tape close to the tree trunk, with the row spacing of the drip irrigation tape being 40-50 cm; Step 3: In the early stage of planting seedlings in a new orchard, control the soil moisture to no more than 80%; Step 4: Drip irrigation of the orchard; The dormant period treatment method comprises the following steps: S1. After the fruit trees have shed their leaves, the orchard is tidied, pruned and fertilized in autumn; S2. After completing the autumn tidying-up work, deep plowing of large soil blocks is carried out between the rows of the orchard. No other work is carried out after deep plowing.

2. The method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area according to claim 1, characterized in that: When planting seedlings in a new orchard, a heat preservation film or a weed-proof cloth may also be laid, and the drip irrigation belt may be laid under the heat preservation film or the weed-proof cloth.

3. The method for improving soil salinity and alkali in orchards in the northern coastal areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: When controlling soil moisture, the maximum humidity is set at 60% 2 days per week.

4. The method for improving soil salinity and alkali in orchards in the northern coastal areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The humidity parameter monitoring is based on the soil moisture at 20 cm below the surface; When measuring humidity, use a hygrometer. In the first year, use no less than 4 hygrometers per acre of orchard, evenly distributed.

5. The method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area according to claim 1, characterized in that: During drip irrigation, the amount of irrigation water, changes in soil salinity and alkalinity, and growth of fruit trees are monitored at any time, and empirical data is obtained based on the different conditions of each orchard.

6. The method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum humidity value is set to 80% during the budding period, early flowering period and fruit expansion period of fruit trees; the maximum humidity value is set to 60% during the flowering period, rainy season and leaf fall period of fruit trees.

7. The method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the drip irrigation process, water and fertilizer integration is adopted to add fertilizer to the water according to the growth needs of fruit trees.

8. The method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of deep plowing is 30-40 cm, and the distance between the two sides of deep plowing between the rows is 40 cm from the fruit trees.

9. The method for improving salinity and alkali in orchard soil in the northern coastal area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growing period treatment method and the dormant period treatment method are also applicable to old orchards.

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