Efficient seedling raising method for eggplant

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of efficient seedling raising methods of Pouteria caimito, comprising the following steps: (1) seed selection;(2) disinfection treatment;(3) hormone seed soaking;(4) germination culture;(5) seedling raising management.The application realizes not only the significant shortening of the seedling cycle through a series of innovative initiatives, greatly accelerates the seedling process, but also the Pouteria caimito seedling quality is outstanding, perfectly meets the needs of high standard for grafting seedling technology, and injects a strong catalyst and vitality source for the vigorous development and sustained prosperity of Pouteria caimito industry in China.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of seedling raising, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency seedling raising method for Lucuma nervosa A.DC. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lucuma nervosa A.DC., behind the name contains endless mystery and charm, it is not only the gift of nature, but also the enjoyment of human taste buds and health. In folk, it is affectionately called Xiantao, Shitouguo, egg fruit and even Tao Lan, each nickname contains people's praise for its unique shape and delicious taste. As a member of the Lucuma genus of the Sapotaceae family, this evergreen small tree with its indomitable life force silently blooms in the tropical rainforest, showing a kind of indomitable natural beauty.

[0003] Lucuma nervosa A.DC. originally from Central and South America has crossed the ocean in recent years and taken root in the fertile soil of China's Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other tropical and subtropical regions. Some areas have formed large-scale and industrialized planting bases. Here, the four-season climate provides a unique growing environment for Lucuma nervosa A.DC., making it show stronger adaptability and almost no interference from pests and diseases. The fruit is abundant and hangs on the branches, becoming a beautiful landscape.

[0004] Lucuma nervosa A.DC. is so popular not only because of its attractive appearance - the fruit is plump and bright, like a delicate work of art, but also because of its rich nutritional value, which is a natural treasure trove of nutrients. The plant polysaccharide content in Lucuma nervosa A.DC. flesh is as high as 29.1%-30.6%, which not only gives Lucuma nervosa A.DC. a unique taste, but also shines in health functions. Scientific research shows that plant polysaccharides can promote human metabolism and effectively remove toxins in the body, thereby reducing the risk of modern civilization diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In addition, Lucuma nervosa A.DC. is also a good source of vitamin C, with a content of 51.8-69.2 mg per 100 g of fruit, far exceeding many common fruits. Combined with rich phosphorus, iron, calcium and other minerals, as well as 12 essential amino acids and 7 polyphenol antioxidants, it forms a comprehensive and balanced nutrition system.

[0005] Especially worth mentioning is the polyphenol antioxidant in Lucuma nervosa A.DC., which can effectively resist the invasion of free radicals, enhance human immunity, delay the aging process, and make the skin glow with natural luster, achieving a beautiful transformation from the inside out. This unique antioxidant capacity makes Lucuma nervosa A.DC. stand out among many fruits and become an invaluable choice for modern people pursuing a healthy life.

[0006] The eggfruit can be eaten in many ways. The pulp can be eaten directly for its unique sweet and smooth taste. It can also be processed into various delicious dishes such as jam, cream, beverage, and wine. Each product retains the original taste and rich nutrition of the eggfruit, allowing people to enjoy the food while also gaining health benefits.

[0007] With the improvement of people's living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, there is an increasing demand for green, ecological, and nutritious fruits. The eggfruit meets this market demand with its unique advantages. It is available out of season, providing a rich choice for the market during the fruit off-season before and after the Spring Festival, filling the market gap. In particular, imported eggfruits from Vietnam and Thailand are in high demand in the domestic market, with prices as high as 40-50 yuan per kilogram, demonstrating their strong market competitiveness.

[0008] In the face of this broad market prospect, domestic producers are eager to engage in the cultivation and processing of eggfruits. At the same time, with the continuous progress of fruit processing, preservation, and storage technologies, the yield and quality of eggfruits will be further improved, and the market share will continue to expand. In this process, the Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Institute, as a standard declaration unit, will play an important role in promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the eggfruit industry and injecting new vitality into the development of characteristic and ecological agriculture.

[0009] There are various ways to cultivate eggfruits, including seed propagation, branch grafting (aerial layering), cutting propagation, and grafting techniques. Seed propagation and branch grafting are particularly common due to their popularity. However, given the significant impact of branch grafting on the growth of mother trees and the relatively low propagation efficiency, seed propagation has become the preferred method.

[0010] Seed propagation activities usually take place from January to February each year. At this time, mature and plump seeds are selected as planting materials. After careful cleaning, the seeds are placed in sand for a 10 to 15-day germination process. After about 60 days, when the seeds show signs of "white" on the surface, it indicates that they are ready for new life. At this time, the seeds are planted one by one in the seedbed, then covered with a layer of about 1 cm thick fine soil, and the soil is moistened with water. To protect the delicate seedlings from direct sunlight, straw, leaves, or shade cloth are placed on top to create a suitable growing environment.

[0011] However, traditional egg yolk fruit seeding methods face many challenges, such as low seed germination rate, slow and uneven germination speed, weak seedling growth, poor root development, and other problems, which directly lead to a decrease in survival rate after transplanting and overall weak seedling condition. This series of unfavorable factors undoubtedly hinders the sustainable and healthy development of egg yolk fruit planting, and urgent technical innovation and improvement are needed to overcome these challenges.

[0012] The road to grafting seedling cultivation is not smooth, and the cultivation of the cornerstone - seedling (i.e. rootstock) is the first challenge. Traditionally, sand bed germination method often faces problems such as slow seed germination (taking 60 to 90 days), insufficient germination rate (only about 60%), and poor root development, which are directly related to low survival rate after transplanting, and pose hidden dangers to the smooth progress of subsequent grafting work.

[0013] It is worth noting that the germination and rooting performance of egg yolk fruit seeds varies greatly among different varieties. According to the literature (Xu J, Lu Y C, Wei C Z, Zhou J. Seed germination rate and grafting survival rate test of different egg yolk fruit varieties (lines) [J]. China South Fruit, 2014, 43(01): 55-56.), there are significant differences in seed germination rate and seedling survival rate among different varieties. The overall average germination rate is 82.8%, and the average survival rate of germinated seeds is 78.5%. In particular, Xiantao No. 2 and Xiantao No. 1 varieties have high germination and survival rates, but upon closer examination, Xiantao No. 2 outperforms Xiantao No. 1 in both germination rate and survival rate.

[0014] Chinese patent document (publication number: CN114451097A) discloses a method for efficient seedling cultivation of egg yolk fruit, including seed selection, disinfection treatment, hormone seed soaking, and culture management process. The method uses a hormone combination solution for treatment during the hormone seed soaking process. The treated egg yolk fruit seedlings grow normally, have vigorous vitality, and have developed root systems. However, there are problems such as slow germination, long seedling cultivation period, and low survival rate after transplanting.

[0015] Chinese patent document (publication number: CN110915352A) discloses a method for germination of egg yolk fruit seeds, including seedbed arrangement, laying seedbed substrate, sowing, and germination. The invention uses a simple seedbed substrate for seedling sowing. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite solution, then soaked with warm water, and then soaked with a rooting solution composed of kinetin, indole-3-butyric acid, and gibberellin. After sowing, the seedbed is sprayed with a germination solution composed of peptide sugar nutrients, organic matter, seaweed selenium, corn, gamma-polyglutamic acid, gibberellin, and amine ester. The invention has good effect on promoting germination of egg yolk fruit seeds. The seed germination rate is high, the seedlings are healthy and have developed root systems, but the germination time is relatively long.

[0016] Therefore, it is particularly important to seek an innovative and efficient seedling raising method, aiming to accelerate the rooting and germination process of egg yolk fruit seeds, significantly shorten the seedling raising period, and significantly improve the germination speed, germination rate and survival rate after transplanting. This exploration not only innovates the traditional seedling raising technology, but also is a key step to promote the sustainable development of the egg yolk fruit industry. SUMMARY

[0017] In view of the problems of slow germination, long seedling raising period and low survival rate after transplanting in the prior art, the present application provides a method for efficient seedling raising of egg yolk fruit, which aims to accelerate the rooting and germination process of seeds, significantly improve the rooting rate and germination rate, and make the seedling germination uniform, the seedling body vigorous and the root system flourishing. The present application has high survival rate after transplanting. This series of measures not only greatly shortens the overall period of seedling raising and accelerates the seedling raising efficiency, but also cultivates egg yolk fruit seedlings with excellent quality, fully meets the stringent requirements of grafting seedling raising, and injects strong impetus for the vigorous development of the egg yolk fruit industry in China.

[0018] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0019] A method for efficient seedling raising of egg yolk fruit, comprising the following steps:

[0020] (1) Seed selection: selecting mature and healthy egg yolk fruit seeds with full grains;

[0021] (2) Disinfection treatment: soaking and disinfecting the egg yolk fruit seeds selected in step (1) in a new type of pharmaceutical composition solution, then cleaning with warm water, drying, and obtaining the egg yolk fruit seeds after disinfection treatment;

[0022] (3) Hormone seed soaking: soaking the egg yolk fruit seeds after disinfection treatment in step (2) in a hormone solution, and then taking them out;

[0023] (4) Germination culture: washing the egg yolk fruit seeds after hormone seed soaking in step (3) with sterile water, uniformly spreading them in a tray, placing filter paper on the bottom of the tray and on the egg yolk fruit seeds, and infiltrating nutrient solution, and then placing them in a room temperature condition to germinate, and timely supplementing the nutrient solution to keep the egg yolk fruit seeds moist, so as to make the egg yolk fruit seeds germinate;

[0024] (5) Seedling raising management: after the egg yolk fruit seeds in step (4) start to root and germinate, transferring them to a seedling raising base for normal seedling raising management, using improved substrate in the seedling raising base, covering the seedling raising base with an arched film to keep warm and moist, removing the arched film when the seedlings grow to a certain number of leaves and height, covering the seedling raising base with a shading net when the light intensity is high during the day to prevent seedling burning, and after the seedling raising is completed, transplanting the seedlings to a seedling raising bag for culture.

[0025] Preferably, the new pharmaceutical composition in step (1) comprises sodium hypochlorite, N, N-dialkylamide, panax notoginseng saponins, copper acetate.

[0026] Preferably, the sodium hypochlorite is used in an amount of 0.1%-0.5%(w / v).

[0027] Preferably, the N, N-dialkylamide is used in an amount of 0.02%-0.08%(w / v).

[0028] Preferably, the panax notoginseng saponins is used in an amount of 0.05%-0.2%(w / v).

[0029] Preferably, the copper acetate is used in an amount of 0.01%-0.05%(w / v).

[0030] Preferably, in step (4), the hormone soaked egg yolk fruit seeds are washed with sterile water for 2-3 times, evenly spread in the tray, 3-4 layers of filter paper are placed on the bottom of the tray and the egg yolk fruit seeds, and the nutrient solution is infiltrated.

[0031] Preferably, in step (5), the improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and infiltrating the 0.08%-0.12% potassium permanganate solution.

[0032] Preferably, in step (5), the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 24-31℃, and the humidity is maintained at 68%-86%.

[0033] Preferably, in step (5), when the 4 true leaves of the seedlings are fully unfolded and the plant height is 10cm or more, the greenhouse is completely opened.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical advantages:

[0035] (1) The present innovative technology realizes the rapid emergence of seeds, the uniformity of germination, the growth of strong root system and the cultivation of strong seedlings through a series of ingenious steps of careful seed selection, strict disinfection, efficient hormone soaking, scientific germination and meticulous seedling management. These seedlings not only fully meet the strict requirements of large-scale grafting and seedling raising, but also lay a solid foundation for the development of the egg yolk fruit industry in China to a higher level.

[0036] (2) Application of the present application, the germination rate of egg yolk fruit seeds is remarkable, not only fast and uniform, the length and thickness of radicle, and the significant elongation of embryo bud, all provide ideal choices for large-scale seedling raising. More happily, after the egg yolk fruit seedlings treated by the present application technology, they show extraordinary growth vigor and strong root structure, and can achieve amazing 100% survival rate after transplanting, which is undoubtedly a double leap of seedling raising efficiency and success rate. In addition, the present application technology effectively shortens the whole seedling raising cycle and accelerates the seedling raising process, providing strong technical support for quickly responding to market demand and expanding production scale in actual production, therefore, it is undoubtedly a technical innovation worthy of wide promotion and application in the field of seedling raising. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 The method flow of efficient seedling raising of egg yolk fruit of the present application.

[0038] Figure 2 The mature and full egg yolk fruit seeds.

[0039] Figure 3 、 Figure 4 Different germination stages of egg yolk fruit seeds after germination and culture treatment.

[0040] Figure 5 Egg yolk fruit seedlings meeting the requirements for leaving the nursery.

[0041] Figure 6 Egg yolk fruit seedlings transplanted into the seedling raising bag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present application will be further illustrated by examples, which are only used to illustrate the present application and do not limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0043] In the examples of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 , the method for efficient seedling raising of egg yolk fruit includes the following steps:

[0044] (1) Seed selection: selecting mature and healthy, full-granular egg yolk fruit seeds (see Figure 2 );

[0045] (2) Disinfection treatment: soaking and disinfecting the egg yolk fruit seeds selected in step (1) in a new type of pharmaceutical composition solution, then cleaning with warm water, drying, and obtaining the egg yolk fruit seeds after disinfection treatment;

[0046] The new type of pharmaceutical composition includes sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, panax notoginseng saponin, and copper acetate;

[0047] The amount of sodium hypochlorite is 0.1%-0.5% (w / v);

[0048] The N,N-dialkylamide is used in an amount of 0.02%-0.08%(w / v);

[0049] The notoginseng saponin is used in an amount of 0.05%-0.2%(w / v);

[0050] The copper acetate is used in an amount of 0.01%-0.05%(w / v);

[0051] (3) Hormone soaking: the egg yolk fruit seeds after the disinfection treatment of step (2) are put into a hormone solution for soaking, and then taken out; the hormone solution comprises gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroid, indole butyric acid, the mass concentration of the gibberellin is 50-75 mg / L, the mass concentration of the kinetin is 120-150 mg / L, the mass concentration of the brassinosteroid is 0.2-0.4 mg / L, the mass concentration of the indole butyric acid is 1-3 mg / L, and the solution ratio of the four kinds of hormones is 1:1:1:1;

[0052] (4) Germination culture: the egg yolk fruit seeds after the hormone soaking of step (3) are washed with sterile water for 2-3 times, evenly spread in a tray, 3-4 layers of filter paper are placed on the bottom of the tray and the egg yolk fruit seeds, and a nutrient solution is infiltrated, and then placed in a room temperature condition for germination, and the nutrient solution is timely supplemented to keep the egg yolk fruit seeds wet, so that the egg yolk fruit seeds germinate (see Figure 3 、 Figure 4 );

[0053] The nutrient solution comprises peptide sugar nutrient 4%-9%, sodium alginate 2%-4%, vitamin B 0.3%-0.7%, glycine 0.1%-0.3%, aminexil 0.1%-0.2%, α-naphthalene acetic acid 0.02%-0.03%, biological bacteria 0.1%-0.2%, and the rest is water;

[0054] The biological bacteria are compounded by Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, silicate bacterial liquid, small conidia fungus bacterial liquid and short bacillus bacterial liquid; the bacterial content of each bacterial liquid is as follows: the bacterial content of the Bacillus subtilis is 1.3×10 10 cfu / mL, the bacterial content of the silicate bacteria is 1.6×10 9 cfu / mL, the bacterial content of the small conidia fungus is 1.2×10 9 cfu / mL, and the bacterial content of the short bacillus is 1.9×10 9 cfu / mL;

[0055] (5) Seedling management: after the seeds of the egg yolk fruit in step (4) begin to root and sprout, they are transferred to a seedling base for normal seedling management, the seedling base uses improved substrate, the seedling base is covered with an arched membrane for heat and moisture preservation, the temperature inside the arched membrane is kept at 24-31℃, and the humidity is kept at 68%-86%, when the seedlings have 4 fully expanded true leaves and the height is 10cm or above, the arched membrane is completely removed, when the light intensity is high during the day, a shading net is placed above the seedling base to prevent seedling burn, and after 2.5 months of seedling management, the seedlings can be transplanted to the seedling bags (see Figure 5 ) for cultivation (see Figure 6 );

[0056] The improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and permeating with a 0.08%-0.12% potassium permanganate solution by mass fraction;

[0057] The improved substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: peat soil 50 parts, perlite 10 parts, earthworm powder 4 parts, waste residue 12 parts, cypress leaves 7 parts, leafless ephedra 2 parts, paulownia leaves 5 parts, turmeric 3 parts, composite bacteria 5 parts, conditioning agent 2 parts, chitosan 1 part, polybutene acid ammonium 0.6 part, and water 120 parts;

[0058] The waste residue is composed of sugarcane residue and cassava residue in a mass ratio of 2:5;

[0059] The conditioning agent is humic acid;

[0060] The composite bacteria comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: rhizobium 0.5 part, phosphorus bacteria 0.6 part, potassium bacteria 0.4 part, bacillus licheniformis 1.5 part, and bifidobacterium longum 2 part;

[0061] The preparation method of the improved substrate comprises the following steps:

[0062] 1) The raw materials are weighed respectively by parts by weight;

[0063] 2) The cypress leaves, leafless ephedra, paulownia leaves, and turmeric in parts by weight are added to a pulverizer for pulverization to obtain mixed pulverized materials;

[0064] 3) The peat soil, perlite, earthworm powder, waste residue, composite bacteria, conditioning agent, chitosan, polybutene acid ammonium, and water are added to the mixed pulverized materials in step 2), and then mixed uniformly to obtain a material;

[0065] 4) The material obtained in step 3) is placed in a fermentation chamber, the chamber temperature is controlled at 35℃, and the material is fermented for 4 days to obtain a fermented material;

[0066] 5) Air-drying: the fermented material obtained in step 4) is laid flat on an air-drying site for air-drying to obtain air-dried material with a humidity of 24%;

[0067] 6) The dried material obtained in step 5) is sterilized to obtain the improved substrate.

[0068] Technical principles of the present application:

[0069] 1. Technical principles of the new pharmaceutical composition

[0070] In the disinfection treatment of egg yolk fruit seeds, a new pharmaceutical composition is introduced, which not only significantly improves the cleanliness and safety of the seeds, but also promotes the healthy germination of the seeds and the vigorous growth of the subsequent plants. The composition skillfully combines sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, panax notoginseng saponin and copper acetate, each of which plays an indispensable role in its unique field, and through the synergistic mechanism, it builds an efficient and safe disinfection system.

[0071] (1) The role of sodium hypochlorite

[0072] Sodium hypochlorite, as a strong oxidizing agent, plays a major role in sterilization and disinfection in this combination. It can penetrate the cell wall and destroy the cell membrane structure of bacteria, denaturing the proteins inside the bacteria, thereby achieving the purpose of rapidly killing pathogens. Its dosage is strictly controlled within 0.1%-0.5%(w / v), which not only ensures the disinfection effect, but also avoids the damage to the seeds caused by high concentration, such as cell dehydration or activity reduction.

[0073] (2) Synergistic effect of N,N-dialkylamide

[0074] N,N-dialkylamide, as a surfactant, plays a role in enhancing permeability and assisting sterilization in the combination. It can reduce the surface tension of the liquid, making disinfecting ingredients such as sodium hypochlorite more easily penetrate into the tiny gaps on the surface of the seeds, thereby improving the overall disinfection effect. At the same time, its appropriate addition (0.02%-0.08% w / v) can also help remove oil and dirt on the surface of the seeds, creating a more favorable environment for the subsequent disinfection process.

[0075] (3) Biological activity of panax notoginseng saponin

[0076] The addition of panax notoginseng saponin gives this disinfectant composition more biological activity and protection mechanism. Panax notoginseng saponin, with its unique pharmacological effect, can stimulate the natural defense mechanism of the seeds and enhance their resistance to pathogenic bacteria. In addition, it also has the function of regulating plant growth and promoting cell division, providing certain nutritional support for the healthy germination of seeds. Its dosage (0.05%-0.2% w / v) is precisely calculated to achieve the best balance between biological effect and economic benefit.

[0077] (4) Trace adjustment of copper acetate

[0078] Copper acetate as a trace element in the combination, although the amount is very small (0.01%-0.05% w / v), but its role can not be ignored. Copper acetate can adjust the pH value of the solution, create a suitable environment for the disinfection process, and its copper ions also have a weak antibacterial effect, which can assist other components to jointly inhibit the growth of pathogens. In addition, an appropriate amount of copper element is also one of the trace elements necessary for plant growth, which has a certain promoting effect on the subsequent growth of seeds.

[0079] (5) The necessity of controlling the amount

[0080] Strictly controlling the amount of each component is the key to ensuring the effectiveness and safety of this new type of pharmaceutical composition. Too high or too low concentration may affect the disinfection effect or cause unnecessary damage. For example, too high concentration of sodium hypochlorite may cause seed cell damage, and excessive N, N-dialkylamide may damage the natural protective layer of the seed surface. Therefore, through scientific proportioning and accurate control, the thoroughness of disinfection is ensured, and the health and vitality of the seeds are maintained, laying a solid foundation for the high quality and high yield of egg yolk fruit.

[0081] 2. Technical principle of hormone

[0082] In-depth study of this carefully prepared hormone solution, the invention has to analyze its four core components in detail - gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroid and indolebutyric acid. Each of them plays an indispensable role in promoting seed germination and accelerating the germination process with its unique physiological effect.

[0083] (1) Gibberellin (GA): As an important growth regulator widely existing in plant bodies, the mass concentration of gibberellin in this solution is accurately controlled within the range of 50-75 mg / L. Gibberellin in this concentration range can significantly promote the elongation of seed hypocotyls, break the seed dormancy state, and make the seed quickly transition from a static state to an active growth stage. Gibberellin provides strong endogenous power for seed germination by stimulating cell division and elongation, and is the key to starting the growth cycle.

[0084] (2) Kinetin (KT): Kinetin, also known as cytokinin, has a mass concentration of 120-150 mg / L, which is another key growth regulator. It is mainly responsible for promoting cell division, especially in the root tip and bud tip areas with active growth. During seed germination, kinetin and gibberellin work together to not only accelerate cell proliferation, but also enhance cell communication and coordination, laying a solid foundation for the formation and expansion of new tissues. This synergistic effect enables the seed to form root systems and bud bodies more quickly, significantly improving the germination speed and survival rate.

[0085] (3) Brassinosteroids (BRs): Despite its seemingly insignificant mass concentration of only 0.2-0.4 mg / L, brassinosteroids, as a new type of plant hormone, plays a crucial role. It mainly enhances the overall growth potential of plants by regulating cell wall relaxation, promoting cell expansion, and affecting photosynthesis. During the seed germination stage, brassinosteroids can optimize cell morphology and enhance the absorption capacity of cells for water and nutrients, indirectly promoting rapid seed germination. In addition, its synergistic effect with the previous two hormones further strengthens the transmission and response of growth signals, ensuring the smooth progress of the germination process.

[0086] (4) Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA): As an analogue of auxin, indole-3-butyric acid has a mass concentration of 1-3 mg / L in this solution, and it is mainly responsible for promoting root formation and development. In the early stage of seed germination, indole-3-butyric acid can guide the unequal division of root tip cells, forming root hairs and lateral roots, and enhancing the absorption area and efficiency of the root system. This effect not only ensures that the seed can obtain sufficient water and minerals during the germination process, but also lays a solid foundation for subsequent growth and development by enhancing the stability of the root system. More importantly, the synergistic effect of indole-3-butyric acid with the other three hormones forms an efficient growth regulation network, making the entire germination process more coordinated and efficient.

[0087] In summary, these four hormones not only play unique roles in their respective functions, but also promote the seed germination process through complex signal transduction pathways and synergistic effects among them. They complement and strengthen each other, forming a powerful growth driving force that enables seeds to break through constraints and usher in the spring of life in a shorter time. This carefully formulated hormone solution is undoubtedly one of the important means of promoting the efficient growth of crops and improving yield in modern agricultural technology.

[0088] 3. Technical principle of nutrient solution

[0089] In-depth exploration of this carefully formulated nutrient solution, the invention has to analyze the unique function of each component and how they synergistically promote efficient seed germination, thus achieving a remarkable technological breakthrough.

[0090] (1) Peptide sugar nutrient (4%-9%): As one of the core components of the nutrient solution, peptide sugar nutrients not only contain small molecular peptides and sugar substances that are easily absorbed by plants, but also effectively stimulate the physiological activity of seeds, accelerate cell division and metabolism, and provide a strong energy foundation for seed germination. The wide content range design ensures that it can achieve the best performance in different crop species and growth environments, neither over-stimulating nor being too conservative, achieving precise nutrient supply.

[0091] (2) Sodium alginate (2%-4%): As a natural macromolecular compound, sodium alginate plays a dual role of thickening agent and nutrient enhancer in the nutrient solution. It can adjust the viscosity of the nutrient solution, help other nutrient ingredients adhere more evenly to the seed surface, prolong the contact time, and improve the absorption efficiency. At the same time, sodium alginate itself is also rich in various minerals and trace elements, which can further promote the growth and development of seeds and enhance the stress resistance of seedlings.

[0092] (3) Vitamin B (0.3%-0.7%): As a necessary coenzyme component for plants, vitamin B plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the activation of internal enzyme systems and accelerating nutrient transformation. Its appropriate addition ensures that the seed can quickly utilize the nutrients provided by the outside environment during germination, convert them into its own growth power, and accelerate the formation of root systems and bud points.

[0093] (4) Glycine (0.1%-0.3%): As a non-essential amino acid, glycine does not directly participate in protein synthesis but performs excellently in regulating osmotic pressure in plants and enhancing cell stress resistance. Appropriate addition of glycine helps seeds resist adverse external environments during the early stages of germination, maintains cell stability, and improves germination rate and seedling quality.

[0094] (5) Amixamate (0.1%-0.2%): This is a highly effective plant growth regulator that can significantly promote plant cell division and elongation, accelerate nutrient transport and accumulation. A small amount of addition in the nutrient solution can quickly activate the growth potential of seeds, allowing them to reach the optimal germination state in a short period of time.

[0095] (6) Alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (0.02%-0.03%): As a growth hormone analogue, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid can mimic the action of endogenous auxins in plants, promoting the development and elongation of seed roots, while inhibiting the growth of lateral buds, allowing the seed energy to be concentrated on the growth of main roots and main buds, improving the uniformity and robustness of seedling emergence.

[0096] (7) Biological bacteria (0.1%-0.2%): This part is carefully compounded by Bacillus subtilis, silicate bacteria, small conidia fungi, and Bacillus pumilus. Each bacterium carries a unique ecological function. Bacillus subtilis protects seeds from pathogenic bacteria due to its strong stress resistance and antibacterial ability; silicate bacteria can decompose silicate minerals in the soil to release nutrients needed by crops; small conidia fungi and Bacillus pumilus are good at promoting root development and soil micro-ecological circulation, respectively. These biological bacteria work synergistically to not only enhance soil fertility and permeability but also significantly improve seed germination efficiency and seedling robustness, achieving natural ecological effects that chemical fertilizers cannot achieve.

[0097] (8) Precise control of component dosage: The dosages of the above components are strictly selected and tested to ensure that they exert maximum effect at the optimal ratio. Too much or too little can affect the overall effect, and even have a negative effect. For example, although peptide sugar nutrients are good, excessive amounts can lead to seed nutrient excess and rot; insufficient biological bacteria content cannot form an effective microbial community, making it difficult to achieve the expected ecological improvement effect. Therefore, precise control of the dosage of each component is the key to achieving efficient germination of the nutrient solution, and is an important embodiment of technical innovation and breakthrough.

[0098] 4. Technical principle of improved substrate

[0099] In-depth exploration of the improved substrate designed by the present application to promote the growth of egg yolk fruit seedlings, the present application has to analyze the unique contribution of each raw material and the synergistic mechanism between them, and at the same time, it is extremely important to clarify the precise control of the amount of raw materials and the optimization of process steps.

[0100] (1) Peat soil (50 parts): As the core component of the substrate, peat soil is rich in organic matter and has excellent water and fertilizer retention capacity, providing a stable and lasting nutrient environment for egg yolk fruit seedlings. Its loose and porous structure also helps root respiration and promotes root development.

[0101] (2) Perlite (10 parts): Perlite is known for its good air permeability and drainage, which can effectively regulate the water balance in the substrate, prevent root rot caused by water accumulation, and increase the permeability of the substrate, promoting the expansion of the root system.

[0102] (3) Earthworm powder (4 parts): Rich in earthworm enzymes and various trace elements, it can significantly improve soil microbial activity, promote plant nutrient absorption and utilization, and the natural growth hormone in earthworm powder has a positive effect on plant growth.

[0103] (4) Waste residue (sugarcane residue, cassava residue, total 12 parts, mass ratio 2:5): These agricultural wastes, after reasonable proportioning, not only reduce environmental pollution, but also enrich the substrate as organic matter, increase the carbon source, promote the reproduction of microorganisms, and provide additional nutrient sources for plants.

[0104] (5) Platycladus orientalis leaves, no-leaf ephedra, paulownia leaves, and yellow ginger (total 17 parts): These plant materials are rich in auxins, vitamins, and various active ingredients, which can be effectively released after being crushed, promoting the growth and development of egg yolk fruit seedlings and enhancing their stress resistance.

[0105] (6) Compound bacteria (rhizobium, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, etc., total 5 parts): These microorganisms can fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus and potassium through symbiotic relationships, improve soil fertility, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, and build a healthy rhizosphere environment, which has a significant promoting effect on the growth of egg yolk fruit seedlings.

[0106] (7) Humic acid (2 parts): Humic acid can improve soil structure, increase soil aggregate structure, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and directly stimulate plant roots, promoting root growth.

[0107] (8) Chitosan oligosaccharide and polybutene acid ammonium (1.6 parts in total): Chitosan oligosaccharide has the effect of inducing plant resistance and promoting growth; polybutene acid ammonium is an excellent soil conditioner that can enhance soil aggregate structure, and together with chitosan oligosaccharide, it further enhances the overall performance of the substrate.

[0108] (9) Synergistic effect and technical effect

[0109] These raw materials, through scientific proportioning, not only complement each other in physical properties (such as water retention and air permeability, nutrition and microbial activity), but also stimulate synergistic effects at the biochemical level. The introduction of complex microbial flora not only improves soil fertility, but also builds a stable microbial community, effectively resisting soil-borne diseases. The active ingredients in plant materials interact with microbial metabolites, further promoting root development and nutrient absorption of egg yolk fruit seedlings, achieving dual improvement of growth speed and quality.

[0110] (10) Necessity of raw material dosage and process steps

[0111] Accurate control of raw material dosage is the key to ensuring the stability and efficiency of the substrate. Too much or too little of a certain component can disrupt the balance within the substrate and affect the final result. For example, too much peat soil can lead to decreased air permeability, while too little complex bacteria can not fully exert their biological fertilizer efficiency.

[0112] During preparation, the sequence and conditions of each step are also crucial. The crushing step ensures the effective release of plant materials, and uniform mixing is a prerequisite for uniform distribution of all components. The temperature and time control in the fermentation step directly affects the activity of microorganisms and the accumulation of metabolic products, which in turn affects the final quality of the substrate. The drying and sterilization steps ensure the hygiene and safety of the substrate and the appropriate moisture content, providing an ideal environment for seedling growth.

[0113] In summary, the preparation process of the improved substrate of the present application is a process of fine regulation and synergistic effect, each step is indispensable, and each parameter needs to be carefully set to ensure that the final product can maximize the promotion of egg yolk fruit seedling growth and achieve unexpected technical effects.

[0114] In order to make the present disclosure more complete, the following will be described by more specific examples.

[0115] Example 1

[0116] A method for efficiently raising seedlings of Pouteria caimito, comprising the following steps:

[0117] (1) Seed selection: selecting mature and healthy Pouteria caimito seeds with full grains;

[0118] (2) Disinfection treatment: soaking the Pouteria caimito seeds selected in step (1) in a new medicament composition solution for disinfection, then cleaning with warm water, drying, and obtaining the Pouteria caimito seeds after disinfection treatment;

[0119] The new medicament composition comprises sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, panax notoginseng saponin, and copper acetate;

[0120] The amount of sodium hypochlorite is 0.10% (w / v);

[0121] The amount of N,N-dialkylamide is 0.03% (w / v);

[0122] The amount of panax notoginseng saponin is 0.06% (w / v);

[0123] The amount of copper acetate is 0.01% (w / v);

[0124] (3) Hormone seed soaking: soaking the Pouteria caimito seeds after disinfection treatment in step (2) in a hormone solution, and then taking out; the hormone solution comprises gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroid, and indolebutyric acid, the mass concentration of the gibberellin is 51 mg / L, the mass concentration of the kinetin is 122 mg / L, the mass concentration of the brassinosteroid is 0.2 mg / L, and the mass concentration of the indolebutyric acid is 1.3 mg / L, and the solution ratio of the four kinds of hormones is 1:1:1:1;

[0125] (4) Germination culture: washing the Pouteria caimito seeds after hormone seed soaking in step (3) with sterile water for 2 times, uniformly spreading in a tray, placing 3 layers of filter paper on the bottom of the tray and the Pouteria caimito seeds, and infiltrating nutrient solution, and then placing under room temperature conditions for germination, and timely supplementing the nutrient solution to keep the Pouteria caimito seeds wet, so as to make the Pouteria caimito seeds germinate;

[0126] The nutrient solution comprises peptide sugar nutrient 4.2%, sodium alginate 2.1%, vitamin B 0.3%, glycine 0.1%, aminexil 0.11%, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid 0.02%, biological bacteria 0.1%, and the rest is water;

[0127] The biological bacteria are compounded by Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, silicate bacterial liquid, small conidia bacterial liquid, and Bacillus pumilus liquid; the bacterial content of each bacterial liquid is as follows: the bacterial content of the Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid is 1.3×10 10 cfu / mL, the bacterial content of the silicate bacterial liquid is 1.6×10 9cfu / mL, the bacterial content of Conidiobolus obscurus was 1.2 x 10 9 cfu / mL, the bacterial content of Bacillus pumilus was 1.9 x 10 9 cfu / mL;

[0128] (5) Seedling management: after the seeds of eggfruit in step (4) begin to root and sprout, they are transferred to a seedling base for normal seedling management. The seedling base uses improved substrate, and an arched membrane is used to cover the seedling base to maintain temperature and humidity. The temperature inside the arched membrane is maintained at 25℃, and the humidity is maintained at 70%. When the seedlings have two fully expanded true leaves and the height is 16cm or above, the arched membrane is completely removed. When the light intensity is high during the day, a shading net is placed above the seedling base to prevent seedling burn. After 2.5 months of seedling management, the seedlings are transplanted into the seedling bags for cultivation;

[0129] The improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and permeating with a 0.09% potassium permanganate solution;

[0130] The improved substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: peat soil 50 parts, perlite 10 parts, earthworm powder 4 parts, waste residue 12 parts, cypress leaves 7 parts, leafless ephedra 2 parts, paulownia leaves 5 parts, turmeric 3 parts, composite bacteria 5 parts, conditioning agent 2 parts, chitosan 1 part, polybutene acid ammonium 0.6 part, and water 120 parts;

[0131] The waste residue is composed of sugarcane residue and cassava residue at a mass ratio of 2:5;

[0132] The conditioning agent is humic acid;

[0133] The composite bacteria comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: rhizobium 0.5 part, phosphorus bacteria 0.6 part, potassium bacteria 0.4 part, bacillus licheniformis 1.5 part, and long bifidobacterium 2 part;

[0134] The preparation method of the improved substrate comprises the following steps:

[0135] 1) The raw materials are weighed respectively;

[0136] 2) The cypress leaves, leafless ephedra, paulownia leaves, and turmeric are added to a pulverizer and pulverized to obtain a mixed pulverized material;

[0137] 3) The peat soil, perlite, earthworm powder, waste residue, composite bacteria, conditioning agent, chitosan, polybutene acid ammonium, and water are added to the mixed pulverized material of step 2), and then mixed uniformly to obtain a material;

[0138] 4) The material obtained in step 3) is placed in a fermentation chamber, the chamber temperature is controlled at 35℃, and the material is fermented for 4 days to obtain a fermented material;

[0139] 5) Sun-drying: the fermented material obtained in step 4) is spread on a sun-drying site for sun-drying to obtain a sun-dried material with a moisture content of 24%;

[0140] 6) Sterilization of the sun-dried material obtained in step 5) to obtain the improved substrate.

[0141] Example 2

[0142] A method for efficient seedling raising of Elaeagnus conferta comprises the following steps:

[0143] (1) Seed selection: selecting mature and healthy Elaeagnus conferta seeds with plump grains;

[0144] (2) Disinfection treatment: soaking the Elaeagnus conferta seeds selected in step (1) in a new type of pharmaceutical composition solution for disinfection, then washing them clean with warm water, drying them, and obtaining the Elaeagnus conferta seeds after disinfection treatment;

[0145] The new type of pharmaceutical composition comprises sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, panax notoginseng saponin, and copper acetate;

[0146] The amount of sodium hypochlorite is 0.30% (w / v);

[0147] The amount of N,N-dialkylamide is 0.06% (w / v);

[0148] The amount of panax notoginseng saponin is 1.00% (w / v);

[0149] The amount of copper acetate is 0.03% (w / v);

[0150] (3) Hormone seed soaking: soaking the Elaeagnus conferta seeds after disinfection treatment in step (2) in a hormone solution, and then taking them out; the hormone solution comprises gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroid, and indolebutyric acid, the mass concentration of gibberellin is 60 mg / L, the mass concentration of kinetin is 132 mg / L, the mass concentration of brassinosteroid is 0.3 mg / L, and the mass concentration of indolebutyric acid is 2.5 mg / L, and the solution ratio of the four hormones is 1:1:1:1;

[0151] (4) Germination culture: washing the Elaeagnus conferta seeds soaked with hormones in step (3) with sterile water for 3 times, uniformly spreading them in a tray, placing 3 layers of filter paper on the bottom of the tray and on the Elaeagnus conferta seeds, and soaking the filter paper with nutrient solution, and then placing them in a room temperature condition for germination, and timely supplementing the nutrient solution to keep the Elaeagnus conferta seeds moist, so as to make the Elaeagnus conferta seeds germinate;

[0152] The nutrient solution comprises 5.2% of peptide sugar nutrient, 3.0% of sodium alginate, 0.6% of vitamin B, 0.2% of glycine, 0.2% of amino acid, 0.03% of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid, 0.15% of biological bacteria, and the rest is water;

[0153] The biological bacteria are compounded by Bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, silicate bacteria liquid, small conchabium bacteria liquid and bacillus pumilus liquid; the content of each bacteria liquid is as follows: the content of Bacillus subtilis is 1.3*10 10 cfu / mL, the content of silicate bacteria is 1.6*10 9 cfu / mL, the content of small conchabium bacteria is 1.2*10 9 cfu / mL, and the content of bacillus pumilus is 1.9*10 9 cfu / mL;

[0154] (5) Seedling management: after the seeds of egg yolk fruits start to root and sprout in step (4), the seeds are transferred to a seedling base for normal seedling management; the seedling base adopts improved substrate, and an arch membrane is covered on the seedling base for heat preservation and moisture retention, so that the temperature in the arch membrane is maintained at 28 DEG C and the humidity is maintained at 75%; when the 3 true leaves of the seedlings are fully unfolded and the height of the seedlings is 8 cm or above, the arch membrane is completely opened; when the light intensity is high during the day, a shading net is covered on the top of the seedling base to prevent the seedlings from being burned; after 2.5 months of seedling, the seedlings are transplanted into the seedling bags for cultivation;

[0155] The improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and permeating with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution;

[0156] The improved substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: peat soil 50 parts, perlite 10 parts, earthworm powder 4 parts, waste residue 12 parts, cypress leaves 7 parts, leafless false asparagus 2 parts, kadsura longipes leaves 5 parts, yellow ginger 3 parts, compound bacteria 5 parts, conditioner 2 parts, chitosan 1 part, polybutene acid ammonium 0.6 part, and water 120 parts;

[0157] The waste residue is composed of sugarcane residue and cassava residue at a mass ratio of 2:5;

[0158] The conditioner is humic acid;

[0159] The compound bacteria comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: rhizobium 0.5 part, phosphorus bacteria 0.6 part, potassium bacteria 0.4 part, bacillus licheniformis 1.5 part, and long bifidobacterium 2 part;

[0160] The preparation method of the improved substrate comprises the following steps:

[0161] 1) the raw materials are weighed respectively according to parts by weight;

[0162] 2) Add the following parts by weight of arborvitae leaves, leafless false horsetail, paulownia leaves, and turmeric to a grinder and grind them to obtain a mixed powder;

[0163] 3) Add peat moss, perlite, earthworm powder, waste residue, compound bacteria, conditioning agent, chitosan oligosaccharide, ammonium polybutenoate, and water to the mixed pulverized material in step 2), and then mix evenly to obtain the material.

[0164] 4) Place the material obtained in step 3) into the fermentation chamber, control the room temperature at 35℃, and ferment for 4 days to obtain the fermented material;

[0165] 5) Drying: Spread the fermented material obtained in step 4) on the drying ground to dry, and obtain dried material with a moisture content of 24%.

[0166] 6) Sterilize the dried material obtained in step 5) to obtain the improved substrate.

[0167] Example 3

[0168] A method for efficient seedling cultivation of eggfruit includes the following steps:

[0169] (1) Seed selection: Select mature, healthy, and plump eggfruit seeds;

[0170] (2) Disinfection treatment: The egg fruit seeds selected in step (1) are soaked in the new agent composition solution for disinfection, then washed with warm water and dried to obtain the disinfected egg fruit seeds.

[0171] The novel pharmaceutical composition includes sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, notoginsenosides, and copper acetate;

[0172] The amount of sodium hypochlorite used is 0.3% (w / v);

[0173] The amount of N,N-dialkylamide used is 0.04% (w / v);

[0174] The dosage of the notoginsenosides mentioned is 0.08% (w / v);

[0175] The amount of copper acetate used is 0.02% (w / v);

[0176] (3) Seed soaking with hormones: The eggfruit seeds that have been disinfected in step (2) are soaked in a hormone solution and then taken out; the hormone solution includes gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroids and indolebutyric acid, the mass concentration of gibberellin is 56 mg / L, the mass concentration of kinetin is 124 mg / L, the mass concentration of brassinosteroids is 0.2 mg / L, the mass concentration of indolebutyric acid is 1.6 mg / L, and the solution ratio of the four hormones is 1:1:1:1;

[0177] (4) Germination culture: the egg yolk fruit seeds soaked in hormone in step (3) are washed with sterile water for 2 times, evenly spread in a tray, 3 layers of filter paper are placed on the bottom of the tray and the egg yolk fruit seeds, and the nutrient solution is infiltrated, placed in a room temperature condition for germination, and the nutrient solution is timely supplemented to keep the egg yolk fruit seeds moist, so that the egg yolk fruit seeds germinate;

[0178] The nutrient solution comprises peptide sugar nutrient 5.0%, sodium alginate 2.5%, vitamin B 0.4%, glycine 0.2%, aminexil 0.1%, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid 0.02%, biological bacteria 0.11%, and the balance is water;

[0179] The biological bacteria are compounded by Bacillus subtilis bacteria liquid, silicate bacteria liquid, small conchilium bacteria liquid and Bacillus pumilus liquid; the content of each bacteria liquid is as follows: the content of Bacillus subtilis is 1.3*10 10 cfu / mL, the content of silicate bacteria is 1.6*10 9 cfu / mL, the content of small conchilium bacteria is 1.2*10 9 cfu / mL, and the content of Bacillus pumilus is 1.9*10 9 cfu / mL;

[0180] (5) Seedling management: after the egg yolk fruit seeds in step (4) start to root and sprout, they are transferred to a seedling base for normal seedling management; the seedling base adopts improved substrate, and an arched membrane is covered on the seedling base for heat preservation and moisture retention, so that the temperature in the arched membrane is kept at 26℃ and the humidity is kept at 72%; when the 4 true leaves of the seedlings are completely unfolded and the plant height is 10cm or above, the arched membrane is completely opened; when the light intensity is high in the daytime, a shading net is covered on the top of the seedling base to prevent the seedlings from being burned; after 2.5 months of seedling, the seedlings can be transplanted to the seedling bags for culture;

[0181] The improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and infiltrating a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.08%-0.12%;

[0182] The improved substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: peat soil 50 parts, perlite 10 parts, earthworm powder 4 parts, waste residue 12 parts, Chinese arborvitae leaves 7 parts, leafless false asparagus 2 parts, katsura tree leaves 5 parts, yellow ginger 3 parts, compound bacteria 5 parts, conditioner 2 parts, chitosan 1 part, polybutene acid ammonium 0.6 part, and water 120 parts;

[0183] The waste residue is composed of sugarcane residue and cassava residue in a mass ratio of 2:5;

[0184] The conditioner is humic acid;

[0185] The composite bacteria comprise the following raw materials in weight parts: rhizobium 0.5 parts, phosphorus bacteria 0.6 parts, potassium bacteria 0.4 parts, bacillus licheniformis 1.5 parts, and bifidobacterium longum 2 parts;

[0186] The preparation method of the improved substrate comprises the following steps:

[0187] 1) raw materials are weighed in parts by weight;

[0188] 2) the cypress leaves, leafless ephedra, paulownia leaves, and turmeric are added to a pulverizer in parts by weight and are pulverized to obtain mixed pulverized materials;

[0189] 3) peat soil, perlite, earthworm powder, waste residue, composite bacteria, conditioning agent, chitosan oligosaccharide, polybutene acid ammonium, and water are added to the mixed pulverized materials of step 2) and are then mixed uniformly to obtain materials;

[0190] 4) the materials obtained in step 3) are placed in a fermentation chamber, the chamber temperature is controlled at 35 DEG C, and fermentation is performed for 4 days to obtain fermented materials;

[0191] 5) the fermented materials obtained in step 4) are laid out on a drying site to be dried to obtain dried materials with a moisture content of 24%;

[0192] 6) the dried materials obtained in step 5) are sterilized to obtain the improved substrate.

[0193] Example 4

[0194] A method for efficiently raising seedlings of eggfruit comprises the following steps:

[0195] (1) seed selection: selecting mature and healthy eggfruit seeds with full grains;

[0196] (2) disinfection treatment: the eggfruit seeds selected in step (1) are soaked in a new type of pharmaceutical composition solution for disinfection, then washed with warm water, dried, and obtained are the eggfruit seeds after disinfection treatment;

[0197] The new type of pharmaceutical composition comprises sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, panax notoginseng saponin, and copper acetate;

[0198] The amount of the sodium hypochlorite is 0.5% (w / v);

[0199] The amount of the N,N-dialkylamide is 0.07% (w / v);

[0200] The amount of the panax notoginseng saponin is 0.18% (w / v);

[0201] The amount of the copper acetate is 0.04% (w / v);

[0202] (3) hormone soaking: the seed of egg yolk fruit treated by step (2) is soaked in hormone solution, and then taken out; the hormone solution comprises gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroid, indole butyric acid, the mass concentration of gibberellin is 72 mg / L, the mass concentration of kinetin is 145 mg / L, the mass concentration of brassinosteroid is 0.4 mg / L, the mass concentration of indole butyric acid is 2.8 mg / L, and the solution ratio of the four kinds of hormones is 1:1:1:1;

[0203] (4) germination culture: the seed of egg yolk fruit treated by step (3) is washed with sterile water for 3 times, uniformly scattered in a tray, 4 layers of filter paper are placed on the bottom of the tray and the seed of egg yolk fruit, and the nutrient solution is infiltrated, placed in room temperature for germination, and the nutrient solution is timely supplemented to keep the seed of egg yolk fruit wet, so that the seed of egg yolk fruit germinates;

[0204] The nutrient solution comprises peptide sugar nutrient 8.5%, sodium alginate 3.6%, vitamin B 0.6%, glycine 0.2%, aminexil 0.2%, alpha-naphthylacetic acid 0.03%, biological bacteria 0.2%, and the rest is water;

[0205] The biological bacteria are compounded by bacillus subtilis liquid, silicate bacteria liquid, small conidia fungus liquid and bacillus pumilus liquid; the content of each liquid is as follows: the bacterial content of bacillus subtilis is 1.3×10 10 cfu / mL, the bacterial content of silicate bacteria is 1.6×10 9 cfu / mL, the bacterial content of small conidia fungus is 1.2×10 9 cfu / mL, and the bacterial content of bacillus pumilus is 1.9×10 9 cfu / mL;

[0206] (5) seedling management: after the seed of egg yolk fruit in step (4) begins to root and sprout, it is transferred to a seedling base for normal seedling management, the seedling base adopts improved substrate, the seedling base is covered with an arched membrane for heat preservation and moisture retention, the temperature in the arched membrane is kept at 30 DEG C, and the humidity is kept at 82%, when the 4 true leaves of the seedling are completely unfolded and the plant height is 10 cm or more, the arched membrane is completely opened, the shading net is covered on the top of the seedling base in the daytime when the light is strong, so as to prevent the seedling from being burned, and after 2.5 months of seedling, the seedling is transplanted to the seedling bag for culture;

[0207] The improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and infiltrating with 0.11% potassium permanganate solution;

[0208] The improved substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: peat 50 parts, perlite 10 parts, earthworm powder 4 parts, waste residue 12 parts, cypress leaves 7 parts, leafless ephedra 2 parts, paulownia leaves 5 parts, turmeric 3 parts, compound bacteria 5 parts, conditioner 2 parts, chitosan 1 part, polybutene acid ammonium 0.6 parts, and water 120 parts;

[0209] The waste residue is composed of sugarcane residue and cassava residue in a mass ratio of 2:5.

[0210] The conditioner is humic acid.

[0211] The compound bacteria include the following raw materials in parts by weight: rhizobium 0.5 parts, phosphorus bacteria 0.6 parts, potassium bacteria 0.4 parts, bacillus licheniformis 1.5 parts, and bifidobacterium longum 2 parts.

[0212] The preparation method of the improved substrate includes the following steps:

[0213] 1) The raw materials are weighed in parts by weight respectively;

[0214] 2) The cypress leaves, leafless ephedra, paulownia leaves, and turmeric in parts by weight are added to a pulverizer for pulverization to obtain mixed pulverized materials;

[0215] 3) The peat, perlite, earthworm powder, waste residue, compound bacteria, conditioner, chitosan, polybutene acid ammonium, and water are added to the mixed pulverized materials of step 2) and then mixed uniformly to obtain materials;

[0216] 4) The materials obtained in step 3) are placed in a fermentation chamber, the room temperature is controlled at 35℃, and fermentation is performed for 4 days to obtain fermented materials;

[0217] 5) Sunning: The fermented materials obtained in step 4) are laid flat on a sunning site for sunning to obtain sunned materials with a moisture content of 24%;

[0218] 6) The sunned materials obtained in step 5) are sterilized to obtain the improved substrate.

[0219] Comparative Example 1

[0220] The method of Example 1 in the Chinese patent document “Method for Efficient Seedling Raising of Egg Yolk Fruit (Publication No. CN114451097A)” is used for rapid rooting and germination of egg yolk fruit seeds, wherein the exogenous hormone combination GA3+BR used in step (3) is GA3 (100 mg / L): BR (0.05 mg / L) = 1:1.

[0221] Comparative Example 2

[0222] The seed germination method of the egg yolk fruit seed in the Chinese patent document "A seed germination method of egg yolk fruit (publication number: CN110915352A)" is adopted to cultivate seedlings of the egg yolk fruit seed.

[0223] Comparative example 3

[0224] The mature and full seeds are selected by using the traditional seedling cultivation method, washed and sand-stored for seed germination for 12 days, and then sowed on the ridge after the seeds are "white" for 60 days, then covered with 1 cm thick fine soil and watered, and finally shaded with a shading net.

[0225] (I) Rooting and germination test of egg yolk fruit seed

[0226] The seed germination is carried out by using the methods of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, and during the germination of the seeds, the rooting rate (embryonic root length ≥ 5 mm), embryonic root length, embryonic root thickness, germination rate (embryonic bud length ≥ 3 mm) and embryonic bud length are investigated on the 15th day, and the investigation results are shown in Table 1.

[0227] Table 1 Rooting and germination results of egg yolk fruit seed

[0228]

[0229] Note: The data of embryonic root length, thickness and embryonic bud length in the table are randomly selected from 10 seeds for measurement and calculation of the average value.

[0230] As shown in Table 1, by using the methods of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, the rooting rate of the egg yolk fruit seed within 15 days is 100%, but the embryonic root length, thickness, germination rate and embryonic bud length obtained by using the methods of examples 1-4 are significantly better than those obtained by using the method of comparative example 1, which indicates that the method of the present application can effectively solve the problems of slow germination and long seedling cultivation period in the prior art, and highlights the significant progress of the present application technology compared with the prior art.

[0231] (II) Seed germination and seedling growth test of egg yolk fruit

[0232] The seed germination and seedling growth of the egg yolk fruit seed of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 2-3 of the present application are counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0233] Table 2 Seed germination and seedling growth of egg yolk fruit seed

[0234] Item Germination rate (%) Germination time (days) Whether the germination is uniform Transplanting survival rate (%) Example 1 99.5 34 Yes 100 Example 2 100 27 Yes 100 Example 3 99.6 29 Yes 100 Example 4 99.8 32 Yes 100 Comparative Example 2 97.5 60 Yes 99.1 Comparative Example 3 88.2 90 No 92.1

[0235] Note: Germination rate (%) = (number of germinated seeds / number of sowed seeds) x 100%.

[0236] Transplanting survival rate (%) = (number of transplanted and survived seedlings / number of transplanted seedlings) x 100%. Transplanting survival rate (%) = (number of transplanted and survived seedlings / number of transplanted seedlings) x 100%.

[0237] From Table 2, it can be seen that, by using the method of the present application, the germination rate of Elaeagnus conferta seeds is more than 99.5%, and the germination time is not more than 34 days. Compared with the prior art (Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2), the germination rate and transplanting survival rate are significantly improved, and the germination time is significantly shortened, which highlights the significant progress of the present application over the prior art.

[0238] The above description is merely preferred embodiments of the present application, but not to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and the like made in the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for efficient seedling raising of Elaeagnus umbellate, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) Seed selection: selecting mature and healthy, full-grain egg yolk fruit seeds; (2) Disinfection treatment: soaking the egg yolk fruit seeds selected in step (1) in a disinfectant composition solution for disinfection, then washing them clean with warm water, and drying them to obtain the egg yolk fruit seeds after disinfection treatment, wherein the disinfectant composition solution comprises sodium hypochlorite, N,N-dialkylamide, sanchi ginseng saponin and copper acetate; (3) Hormone seed soaking: soaking the egg yolk fruit seeds after disinfection treatment in step (2) in a hormone solution, and then taking them out, wherein the hormone solution comprises gibberellin, kinetin, brassinosteroid and indolebutyric acid; (4) Germination culture: washing the egg yolk fruit seeds soaked with hormones in step (3) with sterile water, uniformly spreading them in a tray, placing filter paper on the bottom of the tray and the egg yolk fruit seeds, and soaking the filter paper with nutrient solution, and then placing them in a room temperature condition for germination, and timely supplementing the nutrient solution to keep the egg yolk fruit seeds moist, so that the egg yolk fruit seeds germinate, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 4-9% of peptidoglycan nutrient, 2-4% of sodium alginate, 0.3-0.7% of vitamin B, 0.1-0.3% of glycine, 0.1-0.2% of aminexil, 0.02-0.03% of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.1-0.2% of biological bacteria, and the rest is water, wherein the biological bacteria are compounded by bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, silicate bacterial liquid, small sclerotium rollandii bacterial liquid and bacillus pumilus liquid; (5) Seedling management: after the egg yolk fruit seeds in step (4) start to root and sprout, they are transferred to a seedling base for normal seedling management, the seedling base adopts improved substrate, an arched membrane is covered on the seedling base for temperature and moisture preservation, when the seedlings grow to a certain number of leaves and height, the arched membrane is completely removed, a shading net is covered on the seedling base when the light is strong during the day to prevent the seedlings from being burned, and after the seedling is completed, the seedlings are transplanted into a seedling bag for culture, wherein the improved substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of peat soil, 10 parts of perlite, 4 parts of earthworm powder, 12 parts of waste residue, 7 parts of cypress leaves, 2 parts of leafless ephedra, 5 parts of paulownia leaves, 3 parts of yellow ginger, 5 parts of compound bacteria, 2 parts of conditioning agent, 1 part of chitosan, 0.6 part of polybutene acid ammonium, and 120 parts of water.

2. The method of efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The sodium hypochlorite is used in an amount of 0.1-0.5% (w / v).

3. The method of efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The N,N-dialkylamide is used in an amount of 0.02-0.08% (w / v).

4. The method for efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sanchi ginseng saponin is used in an amount of 0.05-0.2% (w / v).

5. The method for efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper acetate is used in an amount of 0.01-0.05% (w / v).

6. The method for efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (4), the egg yolk fruit seeds soaked with hormones are washed with sterile water for 2-3 times, uniformly spread in a tray, and 3-4 layers of filter paper are placed on the bottom of the tray and the egg yolk fruit seeds, and then soaked with nutrient solution.

7. The method of efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (5), the improved substrate is disinfected by spraying and soaking with 0.08-0.12% potassium permanganate solution.

8. The method for efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the temperature in the arched membrane is kept at 24-31 ℃, and the humidity is kept at 68-86%.

9. The method of high efficient seedling raising of Psidium guajava as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (5), when the seedlings grow to more than 2 true leaves and the height is more than 8.0 cm, the arched membrane is completely removed.

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