Method for quickly and simultaneously supplementing fertilizers and pesticides to multiple branch sections of fruit trees

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapidly and simultaneously supplementing fertilizer and pesticide for multiple branch sections of a fruit tree. The method comprises the steps of selecting a fruit tree operation section, longitudinally cutting the operation section, preparing fertilizer and pesticide liquid, wrapping the operation section, supplementing the fertilizer and pesticide liquid at regular intervals and removing wrapping objects. According to the method, traditional underground flushing and foliage spraying are changed into fertilizer and pesticide supplementation through the branches and trunks of the fruit trees, the requirements of the fruit trees for nutrition and pesticide in the early growth stage can be met more quickly and efficiently, and the morbidity of physiological diseases such as zinc deficiency lobular diseases and fungal diseases such as rot diseases is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree nutrition, and in particular relates to a method for quickly supplementing multiple branches of a fruit tree with fertilizers and medicines. Background Art

[0002] From the end of March to the beginning of April every year, as the temperature rises, fruit trees in the north gradually enter the budding period. During this period, the life activities of the trees begin to flourish, and the demand for nutrition of the trees increases accordingly. Many pathogens also enter the early stage of infection. Therefore, the budding period is the critical period of fruit tree nutrition and disease prevention. At this time, the lack of fertilizer and medicine not only directly affects the life process of the tree in the later stage of branching, leafing and flowering, but more obviously causes the occurrence of physiological diseases such as leaflet disease, yellowing disease, bitter pit disease and fungal diseases such as rot. In traditional production, during this period, underground flushing of water-soluble fertilizers or foliar spraying of pesticides are generally used to supplement and supply the nutrients and pesticides required for the healthy growth of the trees. However, firstly, the fertilizer needs to go through a complex soil environment and root absorption process from the soil to the tree transportation system (duct and sieve tube), which results in large nutrient loss and a long time, and cannot meet the needs of the tree in a timely and sufficient manner. Secondly, after spraying fertilizers and pesticides on the leaves at this time, the leaves are not fully unfolded, the area of ​​fertilizer application is small, and the utilization rate of fertilizers and pesticides is low, which also cannot effectively supply the needs of the tree. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for quickly supplementing fertilizers and medicines to multiple branches of fruit trees in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. This method changes the traditional underground flushing and foliar spraying to supplementing fertilizers and medicines through the branches and trunks of fruit trees, which can more quickly and efficiently supplement the demand for nutrition and medicines in the early growth stage of fruit trees, and significantly reduce the incidence of physiological diseases such as zinc deficiency leaf disease and fungal diseases such as rot.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for quickly adding fertilizer and medicine to multiple branches of fruit trees, the method comprising:

[0005] S1. Select the fruit tree operation section:

[0006] From the end of March to the beginning of April, during the budding period of fruit trees in the north, 25 cm straight and smooth branch segments are selected every 60 cm from the bottom to the top of the fruit tree branches as the operation segments, and the upper and lower ends of the fruit tree branches are not used as the operation segments;

[0007] S2, longitudinal cutting operation section:

[0008] The working section obtained in S1 is cut 3 to 4 vertical cuts at equal intervals from top to bottom, with a depth of 0.5 cm from the outside to the inside of the wood to obtain a longitudinally cut working section;

[0009] S3. Prepare fertilizer solution:

[0010] Mix the fertilizer and the pesticide, dilute with water, and obtain a fertilizer-pesticide solution;

[0011] S4, wrapping operation section:

[0012] After soaking the absorbent paper with the fertilizer solution obtained in S3, wrap the longitudinally cut working section obtained in S2, wrap it with 3 layers, and then continue to wrap 1 to 2 layers of cling film on the working section wrapped with the absorbent paper, and pull the cling film to cover the upper and lower edges of the absorbent paper to obtain the wrapped working section;

[0013] S5. Regularly add fertilizer solution:

[0014] On the 10th and 20th day after the wrapping operation, inject the fertilizer solution reconfigured according to the S3 method into the absorbent paper layer from the upper middle part of the plastic wrap of the wrapped operation section obtained in S4 with a syringe, and the injection volume each time is 30mL to 50mL;

[0015] S6. Unwrapping:

[0016] 15 days after the second injection of fertilizer solution in S5, the wrapping on the working section is removed.

[0017] Preferably, the fruit tree in S1 is an apple tree.

[0018] Preferably, the pesticide in S3 is a mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin suspension and 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution.

[0019] Preferably, when applied, the fertilizer Bencui is diluted with water to 100 times, Guoguang Potassium is diluted at a ratio of 100g per 3g of Guoguang Potassium, and Zinc Taimei is diluted with water to 150 times; the pesticide 25% pyraclostrobin suspension is diluted with water to 400 times, and 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution is diluted with water to 300 times.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. The present invention selects multiple sections of the trunk for fertilization and pesticide application. Compared with root and leaf application, nutrients and pesticides are transported directly to the tree body in sections, which significantly improves the utilization rate and quick effect of fertilizers and pesticides.

[0022] 2. The present invention uses less fertilizer and pesticide in a concentrated amount, thus avoiding the problem of large dosage and large non-point source pollution of fertilizers and pesticides in traditional root and leaf applications.

[0023] 3. The present invention is simple and efficient. First, fertilizer and medicine are supplied simultaneously by preparing a mixed liquid of fertilizer and medicine, which saves time and labor. Second, temporary "fertilizer and medicine pools" are formed in sections on the tree trunk by wrapping the medicine and filling it in batches, which fully meets the tree's demand for fertilizer and medicine supply time and supply amount.

[0024] 4. The present invention not only effectively ensures the normal life process of the tree, including sprouting, branching, leafing and flowering, but more obviously reduces the occurrence of physiological diseases such as small leaf disease of fruit trees and fungal diseases such as rot.

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method for quickly supplementing multiple branches of fruit trees with fertilizers and medicines in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is the amount of new shoot growth under different treatments in Experiment 1 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is the incidence of small leaf disease under different treatments in Experiment 1 of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is the incidence of rot disease under different treatments in Experiment 1 of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is the amount of new shoot growth under different treatments in Experiment 2 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is the incidence of small leaf disease and rot disease under different treatments in Experiment 2 of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The method for quickly supplementing fertilizer with multiple branches of fruit trees of the present embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 , the method is:

[0034] S1. Select the fruit tree operation section:

[0035] From the end of March to the beginning of April, the apple trees in the north are budding, which is April in this embodiment. At this time, the temperature rises and the sap flows faster. It is also the critical period for fruit tree nutrition and disease prevention. From the bottom to the top of the apple tree, a straight and smooth branch section of 25 cm is selected every 60 cm as the working section, and the upper and lower ends of the fruit tree branches are not used as working sections;

[0036] S2, longitudinal cutting operation section:

[0037] Use a thin-blade tool to cut the working section obtained in S1 from top to bottom with 3 to 4 evenly spaced vertical cuts, with a depth of 0.5 cm from the outside to the inside of the wood, for the fertilizer liquid to directly reach the trunk transportation channel, to obtain the working section after longitudinal cutting;

[0038] S3. Prepare fertilizer solution:

[0039] Mix the fertilizer and pesticide, dilute with water, and obtain a fertilizer-pesticide solution;

[0040] The fertilizer is a mixture of Bencui, Guoguang Potassium and Zinc Taimei; the pesticide is a mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin suspension and 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution;

[0041] Bencui (containing humic acid, zinc, iron and other trace elements), commercially available, produced by Australia Sisuo International Co., Ltd.;

[0042] Guoguang Potassium (98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), commercially available, produced by Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.;

[0043] Zinc Taimei (containing sugar alcohol fluid zinc) is commercially available and produced by Shaanxi Yangling Sentai Agrochemical Co., Ltd.

[0044] 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, commercially available, produced by Henan Jinfengtian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0045] 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution, commercially available, produced by Chengdu Xinchaoyang Crop Science Co., Ltd.;

[0046] The preparation method of the liquid medicine is to prepare it in the order and combination of "fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements of humic acid + potassium dihydrogen phosphate + zinc tyrene) + medicine (pyraclostrobin + 14-hydroxy brassinolide)", and the concentration of each component in the fertilizer liquid medicine is diluted according to the ratio of 10 times and 50 times of the foliar spraying concentration recommended in the manual for fertilizer and medicine respectively;

[0047] S4, wrapping operation section:

[0048] After soaking the absorbent paper with a width of 25 cm in the fertilizer solution obtained in S3, wrap it around the longitudinally cut working section obtained in S2. After wrapping it for 3 layers, continue to wrap 1 to 2 layers of plastic wrap on the working section wrapped with the absorbent paper, and pull the plastic wrap to cover the upper and lower edges of the absorbent paper, tie it tightly, and obtain the wrapped working section; check the sealing of the wrapping layer of the working section at any time, and promptly seal it if there is leakage; after completing the work on the day, spray the remaining fertilizer solution on the non-working section of the branch;

[0049] S5. Regularly add fertilizer solution:

[0050] On the 10th and 20th day after the wrapping operation, inject the fertilizer solution obtained in S3 from the middle and upper part of the cling film of the wrapped operation section obtained in S4 into the absorbent paper layer with a syringe. The injection volume each time is 30mL to 50mL. The injection volume is preferably such that the absorbent paper is full of water and the cling film is slightly bulging.

[0051] S6. Unwrapping:

[0052] 15 days after the second injection of fertilizer solution in S5, the wrapping on the working section is removed.

[0053] During each operation, the excess fertilizer and pesticide liquid can be sprayed on the non-operating sections of the branches and trunks to improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and pesticide.

[0054] The method for quickly adding fertilizer and medicine to multiple branches of fruit trees in this embodiment can also be used for other fruit trees. Since different trees and tree vigor have different tolerance to fertilizer and medicine damage, when using this method, experiments should be conducted first to determine the safe concentration of the fertilizer and medicine solution. In particular, care should be taken not to increase the concentration of the fertilizer and medicine solution at will to avoid fertilizer and medicine damage.

[0055] The method for quickly supplementing fertilizers and medicines to multiple branches of fruit trees in this embodiment simultaneously conducted comparative experiments on the effects of supplementing fertilizers and medicines to different parts of apples and the effects of different fertilizer and medicine supplementation times.

[0056] (I) Experiment 1: Comparison of the effects of fertilizer and pesticide supplementation on different parts of apple.

[0057] In the early stage of fruit tree growth, nutrients and medicines required for the normal growth of fruit trees are usually supplemented through roots (underground root application), leaves (leaf application on the tree), or both roots and leaves (underground root application + leaf application on the tree). This experiment compares the method of supplementing fertilizers and medicines through the branches and trunks of fruit trees in this invention with the above conventional production methods, and uses the growth of new shoots, the incidence of zinc deficiency leaflet disease and rot as indicators to evaluate the effects of supplementing fertilizers and medicines through these four different parts.

[0058] 1. Experimental Materials and Methods

[0059] 1.1 Overview of the test site

[0060] The experimental site was selected in the dwarfing and densely planted apple experimental garden of Tianshui Fruit Research Institute, with an altitude of 1100m and sandy loam soil. The variety was Yanfu No. 8 Fuji, with a plant spacing of 2×3.5m, a tree age of 7 years, and an area of ​​5 mu.

[0061] 1.2 Test fertilizers and pesticides

[0062] 1.2.1 Fertilizer

[0063] Bencui (containing humic acid, zinc, iron and other trace elements), produced by Australia Sisuo International Co., Ltd.;

[0064] Guoguang Potassium (98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate), produced by Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.;

[0065] Zinc Taimei (containing sugar alcohol fluid zinc), produced by Shaanxi Yangling Sentai Agrochemical Co., Ltd.

[0066] 1.2.2 Medicine

[0067] 25% pyraclostrobin suspension, produced by Henan Jinfengtian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0068] 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution, active ingredient content 0.0075%, produced by Chengdu Xinchaoyang Crop Science Co., Ltd.

[0069] 1.2 Test methods

[0070] 1.2.1 Processing Settings

[0071] This experiment was carried out in April 2022. There were 4 treatments in total, 20 trees in each treatment, and a randomized block design with 3 replicates for each treatment. See Table 1 for details:

[0072] Table 1 Processing settings

[0073]

[0074] 1.2.2 Survey Methods

[0075] On May 20 of the same year, the length of new shoots, the incidence of leaflet disease, and the incidence of rot were investigated. The investigation or calculation method is as follows:

[0076] New shoot growth: 5 trees were randomly selected for each treatment, and the length of the extended heads of the main branches in the four directions of the crown (east, west, south, and north) was randomly measured using a vernier caliper, and finally the average value was calculated.

[0077] Small leaf disease incidence = number of small leaf diseased plants / total number of investigated plants × 100%;

[0078] Rot disease incidence = number of rot diseased plants / total number of plants investigated × 100%;

[0079] 1.2.3 Data processing

[0080] The survey data were processed using Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS statistics 25 software.

[0081] 2 Results and analysis

[0082] 2.1 Effects of different treatments on the growth of apple shoots

[0083] The growth of new shoots is an important indicator of nutrient supply level. Large growth of new shoots indicates high nutrient supply level, and vice versa. Figure 2It can be seen that there is a significant difference in the growth of new shoots among different treatments, and the growth from large to small is treatment D>treatment C>treatment A>treatment B: Treatment B has the smallest new shoot growth, only 13.2cm, followed by treatment A, which is 15.6cm, which are 18.52% and 2.5% lower than treatment C respectively; while treatment D has the largest new shoot growth, which is 17.9cm, which is 11.88% higher than treatment C. Figure 1 Mean ± standard deviation. Different letters after the data indicate significant differences, p < 0.05. The same annotations apply to the following figures.

[0084] The above results show that treatment D, that is, supplementing nutrients through the branches and trunks of fruit trees, can meet the nutrient needs of fruit tree growth more timely and sufficiently, followed by root application and a combination of root application and foliar application. Supplementing nutrients simply through the foliar application has the worst effect.

[0085] 2.2 Effects of different treatments on the incidence of apple leaflet disease

[0086] The occurrence of apple leaf disease is directly related to the lack of zinc in the tree. Therefore, by comparing the incidence of apple leaf disease, the nutrient supply capacity under different treatments can also be indicated.

[0087] from Figure 3 It can be seen that the incidence of leaflet disease in different treatments is treatment A>treatment B>treatment C>treatment D, and there are significant differences among the treatments: treatment A and treatment B have the highest incidence of leaflet disease, which are 16.67% and 13.33% respectively, which are significantly higher than treatment C, which are 149.93% and 99.85% higher respectively, indicating that the effect of supplementing zinc by root or leaf application alone is not good, and the combination of root application and leaf application is better; treatment D, which supplements nutrition through branches and trunks, has the lowest incidence of leaflet disease, which is 6.67%, and is even significantly higher than treatment C with better effect by 100.3%. This shows that supplementing zinc fertilizer through branches and trunks is the most effective in preventing leaflet disease.

[0088] 2.3 Effects of different treatments on the incidence of apple rot

[0089] A high potassium level in apple trees can effectively prevent the occurrence of rot. At the same time, pesticides such as difenoconazole also have a certain preventive effect on rot. Therefore, the incidence of rot can be used as another evaluation indicator for the effect of relevant fertilizer and pesticide supplementation before and after the budding of fruit trees. Figure 4 It can be seen that the effects of different treatments in preventing and controlling rot disease are Treatment D > Treatment C > Treatment B > Treatment A. Treatment D has the best control effect on rot disease, with an incidence rate of only 5%, which is significantly lower than other treatments and 39.98% lower than Treatment C with the second best control effect. Treatment C, which combines root and leaf applications, has a significantly better control effect on rot disease than Treatment B and Treatment A, which use only root or leaf applications.

[0090] 3 Summary and evaluation

[0091] This experiment evaluated four methods of fertilizer and pesticide supplementation using the growth of new shoots, small leaf disease incidence and rot incidence of Fuji apple as indicators. The overall results showed that the method of Example 1 of the present invention, i.e., the method of supplementing fertilizer and pesticide through multiple branch segments, has obvious advantages such as high fertilizer and pesticide utilization rate (compared with the minimum amount of fertilizer and pesticide used), more ecological environment friendliness, more accurate and efficient fertilization and pesticide application, and more obvious disease prevention and growth promotion effect, and has high practical promotion and application demonstration value.

[0092] (ii) Experiment 2: Comparison of the effects of fertilizer and pesticide supplementation on different parts of apple.

[0093] This experiment was nested in Experiment 1 and was intended to compare and determine the appropriate number of fertilizer and pesticide injections in the method of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0094] 1 Experimental materials and methods

[0095] 1.1 Processing settings

[0096] The treatment settings for different fertilizer and pesticide injection times are (Table 2), and the rest are the same as in Experiment 1.

[0097] Table 2 Processing settings

[0098]

[0099] 2 Results and Analysis

[0101] 2.1 Growth of new apple shoots under different treatments

[0102] from Figure 5 It can be seen that with the increase in the number of fertilizer and pesticide injections, the growth of new apple shoots shows a significant increasing trend.

[0103] 2.2 Incidence of apple leaflet disease and rot under different treatments

[0104] Figure 6 It can be seen that with the change of the number of fertilizer and pesticide injections in the patented method, the incidence rates of apple leaflet disease and rot show different changes: the incidence rate of apple leaflet disease shows a downward trend with the increase of the number of injections, and the incidence rate of leaflet disease after two injections is significantly lower than that after one injection, which is 50.07% lower, but there is no significant difference between the effects of three injections and two injections, which may be because the tree's absorption of zinc in the soil during this period has been able to meet the growth needs; the incidence rate of apple rot shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the number of injections, and the incidence rate after two injections is significantly lower than that after one injection, which is 39.98% lower, while the incidence rate of rot after three injections is higher than that after two injections, which is 33.4% higher. This may be because with the increase of the number of injections, the time for releasing the fertilizer and pesticide liquid wrapping tape in the patented method is delayed, resulting in the failure of the longitudinal cut to heal in time, thereby infecting the rot bacteria.

[0105] in conclusion

[0106] Although the supply time of fertilizer and liquid medicine is prolonged with the increase of the number of refilling times, and the growth of new shoots tends to increase, during this operation period, as the transpiration pull of leaves and the root system's ability to absorb soil nutrients continue to increase, zinc and other nutrients are gradually able to naturally meet the needs of the tree through root system supplementation. On the contrary, excessive nutrient supply can easily lead to the failure of new shoots to stop growing in time, thereby affecting the quality of nutrient flower bud differentiation, and the fertilizer and liquid wrapping band is removed too late, affecting the healing of the longitudinal cut below and increasing the risk of rot infection. For fertilizer and liquid medicine injection in the method of the present invention, it is advisable to refill the same fertilizer and liquid medicine once on the 10th day and the 20th day after the fertilizer and liquid medicine wrapping is completed.

[0107] As described above, it is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly adding fertilizer and medicine to multiple branches of fruit trees, characterized in that: The method is: S1. Select the fruit tree operation section: From the end of March to the beginning of April, during the budding period of fruit trees in the north, 25 cm straight and smooth branch segments are selected every 60 cm from the bottom to the top of the fruit tree branches as the operation segments, and the upper and lower ends of the fruit tree branches are not used as the operation segments; S2, longitudinal cutting operation section: The working section obtained in S1 is cut 3 to 4 vertical cuts at equal intervals from top to bottom, with a depth of 0.5 cm from the outside to the inside of the wood to obtain a longitudinally cut working section; S3. Prepare fertilizer solution: Mix the fertilizer and pesticide, dilute with water, and obtain a fertilizer-pesticide solution; S4, wrapping operation section: After soaking the absorbent paper with the fertilizer solution obtained in S3, wrap the longitudinally cut working section obtained in S2, wrap it with 3 layers, and then continue to wrap 1 to 2 layers of cling film on the working section wrapped with the absorbent paper, and pull the cling film to cover the upper and lower edges of the absorbent paper to obtain the wrapped working section; S5. Regularly add fertilizer solution: On the 10th and 20th day after the wrapping operation, inject the fertilizer solution reconfigured according to the S3 method into the absorbent paper layer from the upper middle part of the plastic wrap of the wrapped operation section obtained in S4 with a syringe, and the injection volume each time is 30mL to 50mL; S6. Unwrapping: 15 days after the second injection of fertilizer solution in S5, the wrapping on the working section is removed.

2. The method for rapidly supplementing multiple branches of a fruit tree with fertilizers and medicines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit tree described in S1 is an apple tree.

3. The method for rapidly supplementing multiple branches of a fruit tree with fertilizers and medicines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer in S3 is a mixture of Bencui, Guoguang Potassium and Zinc Taimei; the pesticide is a mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin suspension and 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution.

4. The method for quickly supplementing multiple branches of fruit trees with fertilizers and medicines according to claim 3, characterized in that: When applied, the Bencui fertilizer is diluted with water to 100 times, the Guoguang Potassium is diluted at a ratio of 100g of water for every 3g of Guoguang Potassium, and the Zinc Taimei is diluted with water to 150 times; the 25% pyraclostrobin suspension in the pesticide is diluted with water to 400 times, and the 0.0075% 14-hydroxybrassinosteroid aqueous solution is diluted with water to 300 times.

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