Coastal wetland ecological restoration method, interception device and interception system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, in particular to a coastal wetland ecological restoration method, an interception device and an interception system. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method comprises the following steps that the landform of a restoration area is obtained, and the restoration area is sequentially divided into a first area, a second area and a third area from the side close to seawater to the side away from the seawater; the mud flat vegetation is planted in the first area through a transplanting method and a seed sowing method; the mud flat vegetation is planted in the second area through a transplanting method and a seed sowing method; the mud flat vegetation is planted in the third area through a seed sowing method; intercepting the seeds in the planting area by adopting an intercepting device. According to the method, the first area, the second area and the third area are divided in the restoration area, and different planting methods are adopted in the three areas, so that the survival rate of mud flat vegetation in the restoration area can be effectively guaranteed, the restoration efficiency can be improved, and the restoration speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and in particular to a coastal wetland ecological restoration method, an interception device and an interception system. Background Art

[0002] Coastal wetlands are the transitional zone between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Affected by activities such as land reclamation and aquaculture, the ecological functions and service values ​​of my country's coastal wetlands have been seriously damaged. The fragmentation of wetland habitats has destroyed the vegetation on the tidal flats and the habitats of benthic organisms, causing devastating effects on migratory birds that rely on the tidal flats for survival, reproduction, and wintering, affecting the integrity and service functions of the marine ecosystem. At the same time, the salt marsh vegetation community has been severely degraded, the growth of vegetation has been damaged, and large areas of wetlands have become bare beaches.

[0003] Therefore, in order to restore the integrity and service functions of the marine ecosystem, it is urgent to repair the ecosystem of coastal wetlands. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a coastal wetland ecological restoration method, an interception device and an interception system to solve the problem of repairing the coastal wetland ecosystem.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for restoring coastal wetland ecology, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Acquire the topography of the restoration area, and divide the restoration area into a first area, a second area, and a third area in sequence from a side close to the sea water to a side far from the sea water;

[0007] In the first area, the tidal flat vegetation is planted by transplanting and seed sowing; in the second area, the tidal flat vegetation is planted by transplanting and seed sowing; in the third area, the tidal flat vegetation is planted by seed sowing;

[0008] An interception device is used to intercept seeds within the planting area.

[0009] Beneficial effects:

[0010] By dividing the restoration area into the first area, the second area and the third area and adopting different planting methods in the three areas, the survival rate of the tidal flat vegetation in the restoration area can be effectively guaranteed, which is conducive to improving the restoration efficiency and accelerating the speed of restoration.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, when the tidal flat vegetation is planted for a specified time, the interception device in the third area is removed; when the time for removing the interception device in the third area reaches a specified time, the interception device in the second area is removed.

[0012] Beneficial effects:

[0013] By removing the interception devices in the planting areas one by one, the seeds of the tidal flat vegetation that have germinated in the third area can enter the second area through the tide to grow, and the seeds of the tidal flat vegetation that have germinated in the second area can enter the first area through the tide to grow, thereby ensuring the effective use of the seeds and improving the restoration efficiency.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, in the first region, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is greater than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method; and in the second region, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is less than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] The tidal flow rate in the first area is faster and the impact force of the tidal flow is stronger. Since the seed sowing method is greatly affected by the tide, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is greater than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method, which can ensure the survival rate of the tidal flat vegetation in the first area; compared with the tidal flow in the first area, the tidal flow rate in the second area is relatively slower and the impact force is relatively smaller. Therefore, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method, which has high maintenance costs and is labor-intensive and time-consuming, can be reduced, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method can be increased, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of tidal flat vegetation and can also save costs and planting time.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, in the first area, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is 50%, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method is also 50%; in the second area, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is 30%, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method is 70%.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, before planting by seed sowing, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench at the planting location, plant the seeds in the shallow trench and cover them with soil, and then use fresh water to irrigate the seed planting location.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] It is beneficial to reduce the salinity of the tidal flats during the seed germination period and improve the survival rate of the seeds.

[0021] In an optional implementation, before planting in the first area, the second area and the third area, the naturally formed tidal gullies in the first area, the second area and the third area are dredged.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] Seawater can enter the area to be restored through the tidal ditch and flow through the first area, the second area and the third area in sequence to provide moisture to the tidal flat vegetation in the first area, the second area and the third area.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, mature seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flat near the restoration area are collected, the seeds are screened, and impurities are removed. Before sowing, the seeds need to be cultured to germinate.

[0025] Beneficial effects:

[0026] The seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flats near the restoration area are more adapted to the ecological environment of the restoration area and have a higher survival rate. Therefore, selecting seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flats near the restoration area is more conducive to restoring the ecological environment of the restoration area.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an interception device, which is applied to the coastal wetland ecological restoration method described in any of the above schemes, comprising:

[0028] A main body, wherein the main body is fixedly arranged on the ground of the repair area;

[0029] The blocking member is arranged on the main body, the blocking member is a water-permeable structure, and the blocking member is used to prevent the seeds wrapped by the tide from entering the seawater.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] By setting up the blocking member, the blocking member will not block the tide, but will block the seeds wrapped by the tide and prevent the seeds from flowing into the sea water. At the same time, it is convenient to recover the seeds washed out by the tide, which is beneficial to reduce the consumption of seeds. The interception device also blocks crabs and other crustaceans to prevent crabs and other crustaceans from destroying the newly planted tidal flat vegetation.

[0032] In an optional embodiment, the main body also has a counterweight assembly, which includes a cover plate and a box body for placing the counterweight, the box body has a cavity, the box body has an opening connected to the cavity, the cover plate is movably arranged in the opening, and the cover plate has a state of closing the opening and a state of opening the opening.

[0033] Beneficial effects:

[0034] By setting up a box and placing counterweights in the box, the counterweights in the box can improve the strength of the main body. In extreme weather or typhoon season, the main body can remain stable and not be impacted by waves.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an interception system, comprising: a plurality of interception sections, adjacent interception sections being arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the tidal current, each of the interception sections having a plurality of interception devices as described in the above-mentioned scheme, the plurality of interception devices of the interception section being arranged axially and perpendicular to the flow direction of the tidal current.

[0036] Because the interception system includes the interception device and has the same effect as the interception device, it will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an interception device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Description of reference numerals:

[0042] 1. First area; 2. Second area; 3. Third area; 4. Retention device; 401. Main body; 402. Blocking member; 403. Counterweight assembly; 4031. Cover plate; 4032. Box; 5. Retention part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Combine the following Figures 1 to 3 , describing an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand, a method for restoring coastal wetland ecology is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Acquire the topography of the restoration area, and divide the restoration area into a first area 1, a second area 2, and a third area 3 in sequence from a side close to the sea water to a side far from the sea water;

[0047] In the first area 1, the tidal flat vegetation is planted by the transplanting method and the seed sowing method; in the second area 2, the tidal flat vegetation is planted by the transplanting method and the seed sowing method; in the third area 3, the tidal flat vegetation is planted by the seed sowing method;

[0048] The interception device 4 is used to intercept the seeds in the planting area.

[0049] In this embodiment, the location of the area to be repaired is first determined, and the topography of the repair area is obtained. The repair area is divided into a first area 1, a second area 2 and a third area 3 according to the topography of the repair area. The first area 1 is close to the sea water, the second area 2 is between the first area 1 and the third area 3, and the third area 3 is far away from the sea water. Subsequently, tidal flat vegetation is planted in the first area 1 by transplanting and seed sowing methods, and tidal flat vegetation is planted in the second area 2 by transplanting and seed sowing methods. The tidal flat vegetation is planted in the third area 3 by seed sowing method. The interception device 4 is set in the planting area. After the tide impacts the planting area, it will carry a part of the seeds back into the sea water. The interception device 4 can intercept the seeds in the tide. At the same time, the interception device 4 can also prevent crustaceans such as crabs from destroying the newly planted tidal flat vegetation.

[0050] It should be noted that, in the first area 1, due to the fast flow rate of the tide and the stronger impact of the tide, the combination of transplanting and seed sowing methods can be used to plant tidal flat vegetation. On the one hand, the survival rate of seedlings in the first area 1 can be increased. On the other hand, more seedlings with developed root systems and strong growth are less likely to bend in a faster tide environment, which can better slow down the water flow, effectively reduce the impact and kinetic energy of the tide, and ensure that the tidal flat vegetation in the second area 2 and the third area 3 is less impacted by the tide; the tide in the second area 2 also has a faster flow rate and a greater impact, and the combination of transplanting and seed sowing methods is still chosen to plant tidal flat vegetation; the flow rate of the tide in the third area 3 is slow and the impact is weak, so it is less destructive to seeds, and the seed sowing method can be chosen to plant tidal flat vegetation. By dividing the restoration area into the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3, and using different planting methods in the three areas, the survival rate of the tidal flat vegetation in the restoration area can be effectively guaranteed, which is conducive to improving the restoration efficiency and speeding up the restoration.

[0051] In some embodiments, the following steps are also included: when the tidal flat vegetation is planted for a specified time, the interception device 4 in the third area 3 is removed; when the time for removing the interception device 4 in the third area 3 reaches a specified time, the interception device 4 in the second area 2 is removed.

[0052] In this embodiment, after one year of planting the tidal flat vegetation, the interception device 4 in the third area 3 is first removed. After one year of growth, most of the seeds in the third area 3 have taken root and sprouted, and the interception device 4 is no longer needed for interception. The interception device 4 in the third area 3 is removed, and the seeds of the tidal flat vegetation that have germinated in the third area 3 can be brought to the second area 2 through the tide. The seeds of the tidal flat vegetation in the third area 3 grow in the second area 2, and the interception device 4 in the second area 2 can continue to intercept the seeds. One year after the interception device 4 in the third area 3 is removed, the interception device 4 in the second area 2 is removed again, and the seeds of the tidal flat vegetation that have germinated in the second area 2 are brought to the first area 1 through the tide. The seeds of the tidal flat vegetation in the second area 2 grow in the first area 1, and the interception device 4 in the first area 1 can continue to intercept the seeds, so that the seeds remain in the first area 1 and continue to take root and sprout.

[0053] Preferably, the designated time in this embodiment is one year, the tidal flat vegetation is in the seedling stage from March to June, the flowering stage from July to August, the fruiting stage from September to October, and the seeds are fully mature in November, so the interception device 4 in the second area 2 or the third area 3 can be removed in January-February of the following year.

[0054] It should be noted that by removing the interception devices 4 in the planting areas in turn, the seeds of the tidal flat vegetation that have germinated in the third area 3 can enter the second area 2 through the tide to grow, and the seeds of the tidal flat vegetation that have germinated in the second area 2 can enter the first area 1 through the tide to grow, thereby ensuring the effective use of the seeds and at the same time improving the restoration efficiency.

[0055] In some embodiments, the following steps are also included: in the first area 1, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is greater than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method; in the second area 2, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is less than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method.

[0056] In this embodiment, the flow velocity of the tidal current in the first area 1 is faster and the impact force of the tidal current is stronger. Since the seed sowing method is greatly affected by the tide, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is greater than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method, which can ensure the survival rate of the tidal flat vegetation in the first area 1; compared with the tidal current in the first area 1, the flow velocity of the tidal current in the second area 2 is relatively slower and the impact force is relatively smaller. Therefore, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method with higher maintenance costs and labor-intensive and time-consuming can be reduced, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method can be increased, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the tidal flat vegetation, while also saving costs and planting time.

[0057] In this embodiment, in the first area 1, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is 50%, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method is also 50%; in the second area 2, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is 30%, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method is 70%.

[0058] In other optional embodiments, in the first area 1, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method may be 60%, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method is also 40%; in the second area 2, the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is 50%, and the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method is 50%.

[0059] In this embodiment, the following steps are also included: before planting in the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3, the naturally formed tidal gullies in the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3 are dredged, and seawater can enter the area to be restored through the tidal gullies, and flow through the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3 in turn to provide moisture to the tidal flat vegetation in the first area 1, the second area 2 and the third area 3.

[0060] In some embodiments, the method further includes the following steps: collecting mature seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flat near the restoration area, screening the seeds, and removing impurities; and culturing the seeds to germinate before sowing.

[0061] In this embodiment, after the tidal ditch is dredged, mature seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flat near the restoration area are collected, the seeds are screened, and impurities are removed. Before sowing, the seeds need to be cultured to germinate. The seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flat near the restoration area are more adapted to the ecological environment of the restoration area, and their survival rate will be higher. Therefore, selecting seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flat near the restoration area is more conducive to restoring the ecological environment of the restoration area.

[0062] In some embodiments, the following steps are also included: before planting by seed sowing, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench at the planting location, plant the seeds in the shallow trench and cover them with soil, and then use fresh water to irrigate the seed planting location.

[0063] In this embodiment, during low tide, shallow trenches are dug in the restoration area, and the soaked and germinated seeds are evenly sown in the trenches, and then covered with soil and raked flat. The amount of seeds sown per square meter is about 500 to 1000 seeds, and fresh water is used to irrigate the seed planting location to reduce the salinity of the tidal flat during the seed germination period.

[0064] Preferably, the tidal flat vegetation is Suaeda salsa.

[0065] By adopting the above methods, the coastal wetland ecosystem can be effectively restored and the integrity and service functions of the marine ecosystem can be guaranteed.

[0066] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, a retention device 4 is provided, which is applied to the coastal wetland ecological restoration method in the above embodiment, and includes: a main body 401 and a blocking member 402 .

[0067] Specifically, the main body 401 is fixedly arranged on the ground of the restoration area. The blocking member 402 is arranged on the main body 401, and the blocking member 402 is a water-permeable structure, and the blocking member 402 is used to prevent the seeds wrapped by the tide from entering the seawater.

[0068] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the main body 401 is a steel wire mesh plate, which is inserted into the ground of the repair area to make it stand upright, forming a flow-blocking and intercepting barrier. The blocking member 402 is a water-permeable non-woven fabric, which is wrapped on the steel wire mesh of the steel wire mesh plate. The tidal current can flow into the repair area through the water-permeable non-woven fabric. When the tidal current flows back, the seeds wrapped in the tidal current will be blocked by the water-permeable non-woven fabric. The steel wire mesh can provide support for the water-permeable non-woven fabric and increase the strength of the water-permeable non-woven fabric.

[0069] It should be noted that by setting the blocking member 402, the blocking member 402 will not block the tide, but will block the seeds wrapped by the tide and prevent the seeds from flowing into the sea water. At the same time, it is convenient to recover the seeds washed out by the tide, which is beneficial to reduce the consumption of seeds. The interception device 4 also blocks crabs and other crustaceans, which can prevent crabs and other crustaceans from destroying the newly planted tidal flat vegetation.

[0070] In some embodiments, the main body 401 also has a counterweight assembly 403, which includes a cover 4031 and a box 4032 for placing the counterweight, the box 4032 has a cavity, the box 4032 has an opening connected to the cavity, the cover 4031 is movably disposed in the opening, and the cover 4031 has a state of closing the opening and a state of opening the opening.

[0071] In this embodiment, if Figure 3As shown, the counterweight assembly 403 includes a cover plate 4031 and a box body 4032 for placing the counterweight, the box body 4032 is fixedly arranged on the main body 401, the surface of the box body 4032 is also wrapped with a water-permeable non-woven fabric, the box body 4032 has a cavity, the upper side of the box body 4032 has an opening, the counterweight can enter the cavity through the opening on the upper side of the box body 4032, when the main body 401 is inserted into the ground of the repair area, the bottom surface of the box body 4032 abuts against the ground of the repair area, the counterweight in the box body 4032 can improve the strength of the main body 401, in extreme weather or typhoon season, the main body 401 can remain stable and not be impacted by waves. The cover plate 4031 is rotatably arranged at the opening of the box body 4032. In the initial state, the cover plate 4031 covers the opening of the box body 4032 to close the opening. When the counterweight needs to be placed, the cover plate 4031 is driven by external force to rotate so that the cover plate 4031 opens the opening. After the placement is completed, the cover plate 4031 can be loosened. In the absence of external force, the cover plate 4031 will rotate due to its own gravity and cover the opening of the box body 4032 to close the opening. The cover plate 4031 is also wrapped with a water-permeable non-woven fabric.

[0072] Specifically, the box body 4032 is a steel wire woven cage body, and is an integral structure with the main body 401, the cover plate 4031 is a steel wire mesh plate, and the counterweight is stone particles.

[0073] In other optional embodiments, the cover 4031 is detachably connected to the opening of the box body 4032, or the cover 4031 is slidably connected to the main body 401. When a counterweight needs to be placed, the cover 4031 can be driven to slide in a direction away from the box body 4032.

[0074] It should be noted that the interception device 4 disclosed in this embodiment can be used multiple times, has a simple structure, is easy to use, is sturdy and durable, and is safe and reliable.

[0075] According to an embodiment of the present invention, on the other hand, there is also provided an interception system, comprising: a plurality of interception sections 5, adjacent interception sections 5 being arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the tidal current, the interception section 5 having a plurality of interception devices 4 as described in the above embodiments, the plurality of interception devices 4 of the interception section 5 being arranged axially and perpendicular to the flow direction of the tidal current.

[0076] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the tidal current flows from right to left, a plurality of interception portions 5 are arranged at intervals from right to left, each interception portion 5 has a plurality of interception devices 4, and the plurality of interception devices 4 are arranged along the axial direction from top to bottom.

[0077] Specifically, the distance between adjacent connecting parts is 3m.

[0078] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for restoring coastal wetland ecology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Acquire the topography of the restoration area, and divide the restoration area into a first area (1), a second area (2), and a third area (3) in sequence from a side close to the sea water to a side far from the sea water; In the first area (1), the tidal flat vegetation is planted by transplanting method and seed sowing method; in the second area (2), the tidal flat vegetation is planted by transplanting method and seed sowing method; in the third area (3), the tidal flat vegetation is planted by seed sowing method; The interception device (4) is used to intercept the seeds in the planting area.

2. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the tidal flat vegetation is planted for a specified time, the interception device (4) in the third area (3) is removed; when the time for removing the interception device (4) in the third area (3) reaches a specified time, the interception device (4) in the second area (2) is removed.

3. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first area (1), the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is greater than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method; in the second area (2), the planting area of ​​the transplanting method is less than or equal to the planting area of ​​the seed sowing method.

4. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the first area (1), the planting area by transplanting method is 50%, and the planting area by seed sowing method is also 50%; in the second area (2), the planting area by transplanting method is 30%, and the planting area by seed sowing method is 70%.

5. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Before planting using the seed sowing method, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench at the planting location, plant the seeds in the shallow trench and cover them with soil, and then use fresh water to irrigate the seed planting location.

6. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Before planting in the first area (1), the second area (2) and the third area (3), the naturally formed tidal gullies in the first area (1), the second area (2) and the third area (3) are dredged.

7. The coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Collect mature seeds of tidal flat vegetation on the tidal flats near the restoration area, screen the seeds, and remove impurities. Before sowing, the seeds need to be cultivated to germinate.

8. An interception device, applied to the coastal wetland ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: A main body (401), wherein the main body (401) is fixedly arranged on the ground of the repair area; A blocking member (402), wherein the blocking member (402) is arranged on the main body (401), and the blocking member (402) is a water-permeable structure, and the blocking member (402) is used to prevent seeds wrapped by the tide from entering the seawater.

9. The interception device according to claim 8, characterized in that The main body (401) also has a counterweight assembly (403), and the counterweight assembly (403) includes a cover plate (4031) and a box body (4032) for placing the counterweight, the box body (4032) has a cavity inside, the box body (4032) has an opening connected to the cavity, the cover plate (4031) is movably arranged in the opening, and the cover plate (4031) has a state of closing the opening and a state of opening the opening.

10. A retention system, characterized in that: include: A plurality of interception sections (5), adjacent interception sections (5) are spaced apart along the flow direction of the tidal current, each of the interception sections (5) has a plurality of interception devices (4) according to claim 8 or 9, and the plurality of interception devices (4) of the interception section (5) are axially arranged and perpendicular to the flow direction of the tidal current.

Images