Method for improving yield of sweet potatoes based on combined cultivation of multi-fork seedlings and horizontal and horizontal transplanting mode

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet potato planting, and provides a method for improving the yield of sweet potatoes based on combined multi-fork seedling cultivation and horizontal and horizontal planting. According to the sweet potato cultivation method, the stem tips at the top ends are removed in the seedling raising period, growth of axillary buds is promoted, and then multi-fork seedlings are formed; when the sweet potatoes are planted in the field, a horizontal and horizontal planting mode is implemented, the number of knots entering the soil is increased, formation and growth of sweet potato roots are promoted, the sweet potatoes can absorb more nutrients and moisture from the soil in the whole growth process, the tuberization sites and the tuberization number of the sweet potatoes are greatly increased, and therefore the total yield and the commercial potato rate are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet potato cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield of sweet potatoes based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting. Background Art

[0002] In the traditional sweet potato cultivation method, there is a significant disadvantage: if the top stem tip of the main vine is not removed during the potato tuber seedling period, the main vine (or main stem) will continue to extend, and the axillary buds formed in its leaf axils are difficult to grow into branches. Even if they can grow, it takes a long time, resulting in the inability to form multi-forked seedlings, and only non-forked potato seedlings can be obtained when the seedlings are cut. There are also documents that disclose that seedlings are raised in nurseries in the field (breeding by cutting potato seedlings), commonly known as artificial seedlings. When the potato seedlings grow to a certain length, the artificial seedlings can be pinched and topped to achieve the purpose of nutrient input to the roots, that is, the role of pinching and topping the artificial seedlings is only to transport nutrients to the roots. And the above-mentioned document discloses the operation of pinching and topping the artificial seedlings, and does not disclose what kind of effect the pinching and topping has. At present, most domestic seedling companies use potato tuber seedlings, and the top stem tip of the main vine during the potato tuber seedling period is removed to cultivate multi-forked seedlings, thereby improving its yield and commerciality, but there is no document report.

[0003] The traditional sweet potato planting methods include straight planting, oblique planting, flat planting, and boat-bottom planting. The length of the potato seedlings is about 35cm, and the planting depth is basically 8-10cm. The number of nodes buried in the soil is relatively small, and the angle and number of nodes buried in the soil vary from person to person, especially some medium and long vine varieties with long internodes and only 1-2 nodes buried in the soil.

[0004] The result of traditional planting of forkless potato seedlings is that there are few nodes in the soil, resulting in a small number of tuber sites and tubers, and the tubers are generally large and uneven in size, which seriously limits the yield and commercial value of sweet potatoes, making the effect of increasing production and income limited and unstable. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The method for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes based on the combined use of cultivating multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting methods mainly includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Cultivating multi-branched seedlings: During the seedling stage of sweet potato tubers, when the main stem grows to 30-35 cm, remove the top stem tip to promote the growth of axillary buds on the main stem until they grow into multi-branched seedlings with a length of 4-6 cm and branches;

[0009] (2) Cutting potato seedlings: ① Starting from the top of the main stem, cut 25-30 cm of potato seedlings on the main stem, so that the potato seedlings have 2-3 multi-branched seedlings;

[0010] ② When other main stems or other branches on the main stems grow to 30-35 cm, repeat steps ① in (1) and (2) to achieve multiple cutting of the potato seedlings;

[0011] (3) Horizontal planting: Plant the potato seedlings cut in (2) horizontally in the field, leaving 5-6 cm of the seedlings exposed above the bed surface.

[0012] Preferably, the sweet potato in (1) is taken from any of the following sweet potato varieties: Longshu 9, Longshu 601, Longshu 116, Pushu 32, Yanshu 25, Shangshu 19, but is not limited to the above types and can also be other sweet potato varieties.

[0013] Preferably, in (3), the step of horizontal planting is:

[0014] If planting in heavy clay soil, small ridges are planted in single rows, and trenches are dug horizontally and perpendicular to the ridge surface. The trench depth is 6 to 8 cm and the distance between the trenches is 15 cm. Place the potato seedlings horizontally and cover them with soil to press them down.

[0015] If cultivated in sandy loam, small ridges are planted in a single row without horizontal furrows. The main stem is pushed horizontally in the shallow layer of the ridge with the help of a seedling planter until the potato seedlings are exposed 5 cm. The shallow layer refers to a planting depth of 6 to 8 cm.

[0016] Preferably, during the planting in (3), the multi-branched potato seedlings are buried in the soil together.

[0017] Optimize the horizontal planting method in step (3) above:

[0018] The first optimization method is for heavy soil: small ridges and single rows, using a hoe to dig horizontal furrows (vertical to the ridge surface), planting seedlings horizontally, and covering the soil to press the seedlings down;

[0019] The second optimization method is for sandy loam: small ridges with single rows, no horizontal furrows (vertical to the ridge surface), and the potato seedlings are planted horizontally in the shallow layer of the ridge surface (the planting depth is 6-8cm) with the help of a seedling planter;

[0020] The above two methods, regardless of the tools used, are collectively referred to as horizontal planting methods.

[0021] The biggest innovation of this application is:

[0022] (1) In order to increase the yield and commercial potato rate of sweet potatoes, it is necessary to obtain as many multi-forked seedlings as possible, because multi-forked seedlings can increase the number of tuber-forming points, thereby significantly improving the tuber-forming rate and achieving the purpose of increasing the yield and commercial potato rate. However, how to obtain as many multi-forked seedlings as possible is not disclosed in the prior art. The inventors have found in practice that removing the top stem tip during the seedling period of sweet potato tubers can promote the growth of axillary buds and obtain a large number of multi-forked seedlings. There are also documents disclosing that in sweet potato cultivation, when the sweet potato seedlings are planted in the field, the main vine length is limited by removing the top stem tip, shortening the distance for nutrient delivery to the roots. Obviously, the effect of removing the top stem tip disclosed in the present application is completely different from that disclosed in the above-mentioned documents.

[0023] (2) The present application adopts a horizontal planting method, combined with the technology of cultivating multi-forked seedlings, to jointly improve the sweet potato yield and commercial potato rate. For different soil types, mainly heavy clay soil and sandy loam, their planting methods are not exactly the same. The common point between the two is that they both use a small ridge single row and horizontal method to place the potato seedlings horizontally, cover the soil and press the seedlings (plant the seedlings). The above planting method is easy to adjust the dense planting spacing, and at the same time avoids the defect of different survival rates and different numbers of potato seedlings entering the soil due to different planting techniques of different personnel. The survival rate of potato seedlings and the number of nodes entering the soil are significantly improved, thereby increasing the number of potato-forming points and improving the yield and commercial potato rate of sweet potatoes.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0025] (1) By cultivating multi-forked seedlings and optimizing the planting method, the number of nodes entering the soil is increased, so that more branches and adventitious roots are produced at the stem nodes, the number of tubers and the number of tubers are increased, and more tubers are promoted (especially medium and long-vine sweet potato varieties). The average number of tubers per sweet potato plant is significantly increased by 2-3, and the average weight of each sweet potato is between 100-150g. 3,500 plants are planted per mu, which directly leads to an increase of 500-1,000 kg in total sweet potato yield per mu, bringing higher economic benefits to growers;

[0026] (2) The potato tubers obtained by the planting method provided by the present invention have more tubers, more uniform tuber shapes, and more uniform tuber sizes, thereby significantly improving the yield and commercial tuber rate. This solves the problem that the traditional planting method has fewer tubers, generally larger and uneven tubers, resulting in low fresh tuber yield and low commercial tuber rate;

[0027] (3) The horizontal planting method is very friendly to heavy soils, and can make the process of trenching, planting seedlings, and covering the seedlings with soil form a flow operation. It can not only improve efficiency by increasing proficiency, but also avoid the different survival rates and the number of nodes in the soil caused by different planting techniques of each person, thus affecting the final number of potatoes and yield.

[0028] (4) The sweet potato planting method provided by the present invention creates more favorable conditions for the growth of sweet potatoes. By removing the top stem tip during the seedling period, the growth of axillary buds is promoted, thereby forming multi-forked seedlings. The horizontal planting method not only increases the number of nodes entering the soil, but also increases the number of tuber-forming sites and the number of tubers, promotes the formation and growth of the root system of the sweet potato stem nodes, and enables the sweet potatoes to absorb nutrients and water from the soil to a greater extent during the growth process, thereby solving the problem of the traditional sweet potato planting method in which the number of nodes of the potato seedlings entering the soil is small, resulting in an underdeveloped root system and less absorption of water and nutrients in the soil, thereby resulting in a low number of tubers and yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of removing the top stem tip during the seedling stage of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 The method comprises removing the top stem tip during the growth of the sweet potato tubers in the seedling stage of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 The present invention refers to branches grown from axillary buds after the top stem tip is removed;

[0032] Figure 4 The present invention does not remove the top stem tip of the potato vine (i.e., there are no multi-forked seedlings) growth conditions;

[0033] Figure 5 The horizontal planting method for heavy soil in Example 1, wherein (a) is horizontal furrowing, (b) is horizontal seedling placement, (c) is soil covering and seedling pressing, and (d) is the post-completion state;

[0034] Figure 6 The horizontal planting method for sandy loam in Example 2 is carried out in the order from top to bottom in the picture;

[0035] Figure 7 The seedling planter in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 The sweet potatoes are produced by horizontally planting the multi-forked seedlings formed by removing the top stem tip of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 The sweet potato without multiple forked seedlings is produced by adopting a traditional planting method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The method for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting is applied to heavy clay soil and mainly includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Cultivation of multi-branch seedlings: Longshu 601 was used to breed potato seedlings. During the seedling period, when the main stem grew to about 32 cm, the top stem tip was removed (such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 The operation is shown in the figure) to promote the growth of axillary buds on the main stem until they grow into multi-branched seedlings of about 6 cm in length. Depending on the temperature, they will grow in about a week.

[0042] (2) Cutting potato seedlings: ① Starting from the top of the main stem, cut 25 cm of potato seedlings on the main stem so that the potato seedlings have 2-3 multi-branched seedlings (such as Figure 3 Indicated by the red circle in the middle);

[0043] ② When other main stems or other branches on the main stems grow to 32 cm, repeat steps ① in (1) and (2) to achieve multiple cutting of the potato seedlings;

[0044] (3) Horizontal planting: Figure 5 As shown, the heavy soil is handled with the help of a hoe, with small ridges planted in single rows, and trenches dug horizontally (perpendicular to the ridge surface) with a depth of 6 to 8 cm and a distance of 15 cm. The potato seedlings cut in (2) are placed horizontally, covered with soil and pressed down, so that the potato seedlings are exposed 5 to 6 cm above the ridge surface, and the grown branches are buried in the soil together with the main stem. This planting method is horizontal planting, which can form a flow operation, and about 3,500 plants are planted per mu;

[0045] After the planting in Hengping is completed, the sweet potato cultivation management adopts conventional planting management.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The method for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting is applied to sandy loam and mainly includes the following steps:

[0048] (1) Cultivating multi-branched seedlings: Use Yanshu 25 tubers to breed potato seedlings. During the seedling raising period, when the main stem grows to about 30 cm, remove the top stem tip to promote the growth of axillary buds on the main stem until they grow into multi-branched seedlings of about 4 cm with branches. Depending on the temperature, it will take about 1 week to grow;

[0049] (2) Cutting potato seedlings: ① Starting from the top of the main stem, cut 30 cm of potato seedlings on the main stem so that the potato seedlings have 2-3 multi-branched seedlings;

[0050] ② When other main stems or other branches on the main stems grow to 35 cm, repeat steps ① in (1) and (2) to achieve multiple cutting of the potato seedlings;

[0051] (3) Plant the potato seedlings obtained in (2) in a horizontal manner (e.g. Figure 6 After being planted, the potato seedlings should be 5 cm above the ridge surface (as shown in A to D). Figure 6 (As shown in E), the grown branches are buried in the soil together with the stem segments, and about 3,500 plants are planted per mu;

[0052] In the horizontal planting process of this embodiment, with the help of the seedling planter ( Figure 7 ), small ridges with single rows, no horizontal furrows, potato seedlings are pushed horizontally in the shallow horizontal layer of the ridge (the planting depth is about 7cm) until the potato seedlings are exposed 5cm;

[0053] After planting, the sweet potato cultivation management adopts conventional planting management.

[0054] In summary, the method provided by the present invention for increasing the yield of sweet potatoes by cultivating multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting, specifically refers to forming multi-forked seedlings by removing the top stem tip during the seedling raising period of potato tubers, and optimizing the planting method during field planting (such as horizontal planting in small ridges, appropriately increasing the length of potato seedlings in the soil, etc.). Through the above measures, the number of potato seedlings in the soil is greatly increased, the branches and root systems of the stem nodes are greatly increased, thereby increasing the number of potato-forming points and the number of potatoes, so that the sweet potatoes can absorb more nutrients and water from the soil during the growth process, making the potato tubers more uniform and neat in size, and increasing the commercial potato rate, and finally achieving the purpose of increasing the yield and appearance quality of sweet potatoes.

[0055] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The following prior art is used to plant sweet potatoes:

[0058] (1) Using Longshu 601 tubers to breed potato seedlings, allowing them to grow naturally after germination, and cutting several sections of potato seedlings when they grow to about 100 cm. The seedlings are 20-25 cm long and have leaf buds or axillary buds but have not grown into branches, that is, obtaining unbranched potato seedlings for planting;

[0059] (2) The unbranched potato seedlings obtained in (1) are planted in the field using any method such as straight planting, oblique planting, flat planting, and boat-bottom planting. The potato seedlings have 2-4 nodes in the soil and the number of plants planted per mu is about 3,500. For heavy soils, a hoe is needed, while for sandy loam, a seedling planter can be used.

[0060] Test example

[0061] 1.1 Experimental observation of the sweet potatoes harvested in the embodiments and comparative examples

[0062] For example, Figure 8 As shown in the figure (the red circle is the internode of the branch), the average number of tubers per plant increased by 2-3. Figure 8 The fourth picture is the most obvious. The row of tubers on the left are tubers grown from normal main vine tuber points, and the five tubers on the right are tubers grown from three branch tuber points.

[0063] For the comparative example, Fig. 9 As shown, the tuber points are only the tuber points on the main vine of the potato seedling, and the number of tubers is much less than that in the present invention.

[0064] 1.2 On-site yield measurement and seed testing of sweet potatoes harvested in the embodiments and comparative examples

[0065] 1.2.1. On-site production measurement

[0066] 1.2.1.1 Production Measurement Plan

[0067] Six plots were randomly selected from each of the embodiment and the comparative example in the test site, for a total of 12 plots, each with an area of ​​60 m 2 , harvest sweet potato tubers with a single potato weight of more than 50g, remove leaves, stems and fine soil and weigh them, calculate the fresh potato yield of each plot, then calculate the average fresh potato yield of the six plots, and finally convert it into fresh potato yield per mu.

[0068] 1.2.1.2 Yield measurement results (see attached table for details)

[0069] For the comparative example, the total measured area is 360m 2 The actual harvest of fresh potatoes was 1799.5 kg, and the fresh potato yield per mu was 3335.00 kg.

[0070] For the example, the total area measured was 360m 2 The actual fresh potato harvest was 2187.00kg, equivalent to 4055.36kg fresh potato yield per mu.

[0071] 1.2.2 Sampling and testing

[0072] 1.2.2.1 Test Scheme

[0073] Ten plants were selected from each of the 12 plots for yield measurement as samples, and the number and weight of tubers on each plant were examined. Then, the average number of tubers per plant, the average tuber weight per plant, and the average tuber weight per strip of the samples of the comparative example and the embodiment were calculated, and the uniformity of the tuber size (i.e., the commercial tuber rate) was observed.

[0074] 1.2.2.2 Test results (see attached table for details)

[0075] For the comparison example, the average number of potatoes per plant was 3.05, the average potato weight per plant was 1.00 kg, and the average potato weight per tuber was 0.34 kg.

[0076] For the embodiment, the average number of potatoes per plant is 5.35, the average potato weight per plant is 1.22 kg, and the average potato weight per tuber is 0.23 kg.

[0077] In summary, the average number of tubers per plant in the embodiment increased by 2.3 compared with the control, and the average weight of tubers per plant increased by 0.22 kg. 3,500 plants were planted per mu, which was equivalent to 770 kg of fresh tubers per mu. After observation, the size of the tubers was relatively consistent, basically concentrated at around 200-260g, and the commercial tuber rate reached more than 95%.

[0078] Table 1 Yield measurement and sampling table

[0079]

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

Claims

1. A method for increasing sweet potato yield based on the combined use of cultivating multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting methods, mainly comprising the following steps: (1) Cultivating multi-branched seedlings: During the seedling stage of sweet potato tubers, remove the top stem tip when the main stem grows to 30-35 cm to promote the growth of axillary buds on the main stem until they grow into multi-branched seedlings with a length of 4-6 cm and branches; (2) Cutting potato seedlings: Starting from the top of the main stem, cut a 25-30cm stem segment on the main stem so that the potato seedlings have 2-3 multi-forked seedlings; When other main stems or branches on the main stem grow to 30-35 cm, repeat steps (1) and (2). Steps, to achieve multiple cutting of potato seedlings; (3) Horizontal planting: Plant the potato seedlings cut in (2) horizontally in the field, leaving 5-6 cm of the seedlings exposed above the bed surface.

2. The method for increasing sweet potato yield based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: (1) The medium sweet potato is selected from any one of the following varieties: Longshu 9, Longshu 601, Longshu 116, Pushu 32, Yanshu 25, Shangshu 19.

3. The method for increasing sweet potato yield based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In (3), the steps for horizontal planting are: If planting in heavy clay soil, small ridges are planted in single rows, and trenches are dug horizontally and perpendicular to the ridge surface. The trench depth is 6-8 cm and the distance between the trenches is 15 cm. The potato seedlings are placed horizontally and covered with soil to press the seedlings down. If cultivated in sandy loam, small ridges are planted in a single row without horizontal furrows. The main stem is pushed horizontally in the shallow layer of the ridge with the help of a seedling planter until the potato seedlings are exposed 5 cm. The shallow layer refers to a planting depth of 6 to 8 cm.

4. The method for increasing sweet potato yield based on the combined cultivation of multi-forked seedlings and horizontal planting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: (3) When planting, bury the multi-branched seedlings on the potato seedlings together with the potato seedlings in the soil.

Images