Hip joint prosthesis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a hip joint prosthesis which comprises a femoral stem and an acetabular cup, and the femoral stem is made of high-strength biological materials, has good mechanical properties and abrasion resistance and can effectively bear human body activities and loads. The acetabular cup is made of bioactive materials, the surface of the acetabular cup is subjected to special treatment, the acetabular cup has good biocompatibility and osseointegration capacity, the acetabular cup can be tightly combined with surrounding bone tissue, and the risks of looseness and displacement are reduced. In addition, a unique structural design is adopted, so that the installation process is simpler and more convenient, meanwhile, better stability and activity range can be provided, and the living quality and walking ability of the patient are remarkably improved. Generally speaking, the invention provides a more reliable and effective choice for hip replacement surgery, and has important clinical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular relates to a hip joint prosthesis. Background Art

[0002] With the advent of an aging society, joint diseases are increasing; at the same time, as society progresses, people have higher demands for health, and the number of joint replacements has increased dramatically. Joint prosthesis replacement is a surgical treatment method whose main purpose is to restore joint function, relieve pain, and improve the patient's quality of life. Although the surgical process and technology of joint replacement have been standardized clinically, various complications after joint replacement often occur, leading to surgical failure and the need for surgical revision. Loosening of the interface between the prosthesis and the bone is the main cause of prosthesis failure. The causes of prosthesis loosening are very complex, and aseptic loosening is the most common postoperative complication.

[0003] A major concern with THA is implant instability and dislocation. This can be due to the positioning or placement of the components, such as the femoral stem with fixation ball and the acetabular cup. The risk of dislocation is particularly high during the first few months of tissue healing after surgery. Another important issue is the accurate positioning of the implant, especially the acetabular cup. Deviations from the ideal position can negatively impact the life of the prosthesis, increase polyethylene wear, and affect hip loading. Acetabular cup malposition is not uncommon and is sometimes unavoidable due to individual anatomical limitations.

[0004] Edge loading is another issue associated with THA, where the ball of the implant presses against the edge of the socket. This can lead to accelerated component wear and increased debris particles, increasing the risk of osteolysis, loosening, and implant failure. In addition, femoral neck fractures are an increasing complication in THA. These fractures can occur years after hip implantation and their etiology is multifactorial. Fracture risk is associated with certain implant-related characteristics, such as the material of the stem and femoral head, as well as specific features such as introduction holes, sharp etching, and laser etching. Patient-related factors such as age, lifestyle, sex, weight, and BMI also increase the risk of implant fracture.

[0005] The challenges and limitations of current hip prosthesis designs emphasize the need for continued innovation and improvement in THA technology and materials. This includes careful consideration of implant, patient, and procedure-related factors to reduce the risk of complications and improve the longevity and effectiveness of hip replacements.

[0006] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0007] (1) Existing implants have a particularly high risk of dislocation during the early tissue healing process after surgery. Implant position deviations can affect the life of the prosthesis, increase polyethylene wear, and affect hip joint load.

[0008] (2) The ball of the implant presses against the edge of the socket, which may lead to accelerated component wear and increased debris particles, thereby increasing the risk of osteolysis, loosening, and implant failure. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a hip joint prosthesis, aiming to provide a solution with stable structure, good biocompatibility and long service life.

[0010] The present invention is implemented as follows: a hip joint prosthesis includes a femoral stem and an acetabular cup. The top of the femoral stem is connected to the bottom of the acetabular cup and can be disassembled. The femoral stem adopts a straight stem, a curved stem or an anatomical stem to meet the needs of different patients. The acetabular cup adopts a hemispherical, conical or elliptical shape to provide better stability and coverage area.

[0011] Further, femoral stem materials: select high-strength, wear-resistant biocompatible materials, including titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys or ceramic composites, which have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, can withstand human activities and loads, while reducing the risk of wear and fatigue fracture.

[0012] Acetabular cup material: Choose bioactive materials, including hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass or biodegradable materials. These materials have good biocompatibility and bone integration ability, can closely integrate with surrounding bone tissue, promote bone growth and healing, and reduce the risk of loosening and displacement.

[0013] Further, the femoral stem is designed: the shape and size of the femoral stem are designed according to the anatomical morphology and mechanical characteristics of the human femur; the surface of the stem is roughened or coated to increase the bonding strength with the bone tissue;

[0014] Acetabular cup design: The shape and size of the acetabular cup are designed according to the anatomical morphology of the human acetabulum. The surface of the cup can be microporous or coated to increase the growth and integration of bone tissue.

[0015] Furthermore, femoral stem manufacturing: using precision casting, forging or powder metallurgy technology to manufacture a femoral stem that meets the design requirements; during the manufacturing process, it is necessary to control the composition, organizational structure and mechanical properties of the material to ensure the quality and reliability of the femoral stem;

[0016] Acetabular cup manufacturing: The preparation process of bioactive materials, including sol-gel method, powder sintering method or biodegradable material processing method, is used to manufacture an acetabular cup that meets the design requirements; the porosity, pore size distribution and surface properties of the material need to be controlled during the manufacturing process to promote the growth and integration of bone tissue.

[0017] Further, the femoral stem is installed: the femoral stem is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity of the patient through surgery so that it is tightly combined with the femur; during the installation process, press-fit, bone cement fixation or biological fixation are used, and the most appropriate fixation method is selected according to the specific situation of the patient;

[0018] Acetabular cup installation: The acetabular cup is surgically placed in the patient's acetabulum so that it is tightly integrated with the surrounding bone tissue; during the installation process, press-fit, screw fixation or bone cement fixation are used to ensure the stability and fixation of the acetabular cup.

[0019] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0020] First, in view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and the difficulty in solving the problems, some creative technical effects are brought about after solving the problems. The specific description is as follows:

[0021] The present invention provides a solution with stable structure, good biocompatibility and long service life by improving the material of the hip prosthesis. It also combines the inventor's previous research on exosomes, utilizes the good biological binding of exosomes in the human body, and stably releases substances that promote fracture healing. It ensures the stability of the hip prosthesis from both physical and biological perspectives and reduces the incidence of periprosthetic fractures.

[0022] Second, the hip prosthesis design of the present invention effectively solves many problems of the prior art and achieves significant technological progress by combining innovative material selection, personalized design, advanced manufacturing technology and highly adaptable installation methods.

[0023] Improve implant adaptability and stability: Customized design and advanced material selection allow implants to better adapt to the anatomical structure of different patients, reducing the risk of dislocation and instability.

[0024] Enhanced durability and reduced complications: By using advanced materials and designs, the invention reduces the risk of implant wear and breakage, thereby extending the life of the hip prosthesis and reducing the likelihood of requiring a secondary surgery.

[0025] Promote bone integration and accelerate healing: Using bioactive materials and surface treatment technology, the present invention promotes the growth and integration of bone tissue and accelerates the postoperative healing process.

[0026] Improve surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction: By providing more personalized and adaptable implants, the present invention improves surgical success rates and patient satisfaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a hip joint prosthesis provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram of the split structure of a hip joint prosthesis provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a femoral stem provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1. Femoral stem; 2. Acetabular cup. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0033] Two specific application examples of the embodiment of the present invention are:

[0034] Example 1: Application of straight femoral stem and hemispherical acetabular cup

[0035] In this embodiment, a straight femoral stem is used in conjunction with a hemispherical acetabular cup. This solution is suitable for patients with standard anatomy, especially those with good bone quality.

[0036] Straight stem: This design is inserted directly into the patient's femoral canal. The straight stem design is easy to insert and can achieve good bone integration due to its shape and surface treatment (such as roughening). This design is suitable for the straight femoral canal, ensuring the stability of the stem and reducing rocking.

[0037] Hemispherical Acetabular Cup: The hemispherical design provides excellent coverage and contact surface, distributing loads evenly and reducing edge loading. This shape combined with biocompatible materials such as hydroxyapatite promotes integration with surrounding bone tissue, increasing stability and reducing the risk of loosening.

[0038] Example 2: Application of curved femoral stem and elliptical acetabular cup

[0039] In this embodiment, a curved femoral stem is used in conjunction with an oval acetabular cup. This combination is useful for patients with non-standard anatomy or poor bone quality.

[0040] Curved Femoral Stem: This design simulates the curvature of the natural femur and is more suitable for femoral medullary canal with complex or non-standard anatomical structures. The curved stem can better fit the internal curve of the patient's medullary canal and provide better mechanical stability. Its surface treatment also increases the bonding strength with bone tissue.

[0041] Oval Acetabular Cup: The oval design provides a larger contact surface and better stability, especially in irregularly shaped acetabulum. This shape helps to better distribute the load, especially in cases of poor bone quality.

[0042] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a hip joint prosthesis, which will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0044] Stability and adaptability of the implant: By providing femoral stems of different shapes (straight stem, curved stem, anatomical stem) and acetabular cups of different shapes (hemispherical, conical, elliptical), the present invention provides better customization and adaptability according to the individual differences and anatomical structures of different patients.

[0045] Material selection: The use of high-strength, wear-resistant biocompatible materials (such as titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, ceramic composites, and hydroxyapatite) increases the durability and biocompatibility of implants and reduces the risk of wear and fatigue fracture.

[0046] Design of femoral stem and acetabular cup: By designing the femoral stem and acetabular cup according to the human anatomy and mechanical properties, as well as surface treatment technology (such as roughening or coating), the bonding with bone tissue is enhanced, and the stability and long-term service life are improved.

[0047] Manufacturing process: The use of advanced manufacturing processes (such as precision casting, forging, and powder metallurgy) ensures the precise manufacturing and high quality standards of the femoral stem and acetabular cup.

[0048] Installation method: Select the most appropriate fixation method (such as press-fit, bone cement fixation or biological fixation) according to the patient's specific situation to increase the stability and safety of the implant.

[0049] 1. Material selection

[0050] Femoral stem 1 material: Choose a high-strength, wear-resistant biocompatible material, such as titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or ceramic composite material. These materials have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, can withstand human activities and loads, while reducing the risk of wear and fatigue fracture.

[0051] Acetabular cup 2 material: Choose a bioactive material such as hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass or biodegradable material. These materials have good biocompatibility and bone integration ability, can closely integrate with surrounding bone tissue, promote bone growth and healing, and reduce the risk of loosening and displacement.

[0052] 2. Structural design

[0053] Femoral stem 1 design: The shape and size of the femoral stem 1 are designed according to the anatomical morphology and mechanical characteristics of the human femur. The femoral stem 1 can be in different forms such as straight stem, curved stem or anatomical stem to meet the needs of different patients. The surface of the stem can be roughened or coated to increase the bonding strength with the bone tissue.

[0054] Acetabular cup 2 design: The shape and size of the acetabular cup 2 are designed according to the anatomical morphology of the human acetabulum. The acetabular cup 2 can be in different shapes such as hemispherical, conical or elliptical to provide better stability and coverage area. The surface of the cup can be microporous or coated to increase the growth and integration of bone tissue.

[0055] 3. Manufacturing process

[0056] Manufacturing of the femoral stem 1: The femoral stem 1 that meets the design requirements is manufactured by using processes such as precision casting, forging or powder metallurgy. During the manufacturing process, the composition, organizational structure and mechanical properties of the material need to be controlled to ensure the quality and reliability of the femoral stem 1.

[0057] Acetabular cup 2 manufacturing: A preparation process of bioactive materials, such as sol-gel method, powder sintering method or biodegradable material processing method, is used to manufacture an acetabular cup 2 that meets the design requirements. The porosity, pore size distribution and surface properties of the material need to be controlled during the manufacturing process to promote the growth and integration of bone tissue.

[0058] 4. Installation and fixing

[0059] Installation of the femoral stem 1: The femoral stem 1 is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity of the patient through surgery so that it is tightly combined with the femur. Different methods such as press-fit, bone cement fixation or biological fixation can be used during the installation process. The most appropriate fixation method is selected according to the specific situation of the patient.

[0060] Installation of the acetabular cup 2: The acetabular cup 2 is placed in the acetabulum of the patient through surgery so that it is closely combined with the surrounding bone tissue. During the installation process, different methods such as press-fitting, screw fixation or bone cement fixation can be used to ensure the stability and fixation of the acetabular cup 2.

[0061] Through the above specific implementation method, a hip joint prosthesis with stable structure, good biocompatibility and long service life can be manufactured, providing a more reliable and effective option for hip replacement surgery.

[0062] 5. Femoral stem 1 structural design

[0063] Handle shape design:

[0064] Straight handle: Suitable for patients with a straighter femoral medullary cavity. It is cylindrical in shape with a smooth surface, sometimes with longitudinal or transverse grooves to increase the adhesion of bone cement.

[0065] Curved handle: Designed to adapt to the anterior arch curvature of the femur, the proximal end is curved at a certain angle, and the distal end gradually tapers to adapt to the narrow part of the medullary cavity.

[0066] Anatomical stem: designed according to the anatomical morphology of the proximal femur, with better fit, the proximal end may have a neck-shaft angle and anteversion angle to mimic the natural femur.

[0067] Surface treatment:

[0068] Sandblasting: Increase the roughness of the stem surface to facilitate bone ingrowth and the bonding of bone cement.

[0069] Coatings: such as hydroxyapatite coatings, can further promote bone integration.

[0070] Porous structure: The distal end of some stems is designed with a porous structure to allow bone tissue to grow in and enhance stability.

[0071] Fixing method:

[0072] Cementless: Relies on a tight press fit and surface roughness of the stem to achieve biological fixation.

[0073] Cemented: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is used to fill the marrow cavity and hold the stem in place.

[0074] 6. Acetabular cup 2 structural design

[0075] Cup shape:

[0076] Hemispherical shape: provides greater coverage and stability.

[0077] Oval shape: adapts to the natural shape of the acetabulum, providing a better fit.

[0078] External surface:

[0079] Porous coatings: such as titanium mesh, hydroxyapatite, etc., used for bone integration.

[0080] Roughening treatment: Increase bone ingrowth area.

[0081] Lining:

[0082] Polyethylene lining: provides a sliding interface between the articular surfaces and reduces wear.

[0083] Ceramic or metal lining: More wear-resistant and suitable for younger or more active patients.

[0084] Fixing method:

[0085] Press-fit fixation: fixation is achieved through the close fit between the acetabular cup 2 and the acetabular bone bed.

[0086] Screw fixation: The acetabular cup 2 is fixed to the acetabulum using multiple screws.

[0087] 7. Other components

[0088] Femoral head: Usually made of ceramic, metal (such as cobalt-chromium alloy) or polymer material (such as polyethylene), and cooperates with the acetabulum liner to form a joint.

[0089] Anti-dislocation mechanism: Some prostheses are designed with structures to prevent hip dislocation, such as increasing the diameter of the femoral head and designing anti-dislocation grooves.

[0090] These structural design features are designed to provide optimal stability, biocompatibility, and longevity while meeting the patient's mobility needs. However, specific design details may vary depending on the manufacturer and the patient's specific needs.

[0091] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more than two; the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0092] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hip joint prosthesis, characterized in that: It consists of two parts: the femoral stem and the acetabular cup. The top of the femoral stem is connected to the bottom of the acetabular cup and can be removed. The femoral stem adopts a straight stem, a curved stem or an anatomical stem to meet the needs of different patients. The acetabular cup adopts a hemispherical, conical or elliptical shape to provide better stability and coverage area.

2. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Femoral stem material: Choose high-strength, wear-resistant biocompatible materials, including titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or ceramic composite materials, which have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, can withstand human activities and loads, while reducing the risk of wear and fatigue fracture. Acetabular cup material: Select bioactive materials, including hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass or biodegradable materials, which have good biocompatibility and bone integration ability, can closely integrate with surrounding bone tissue, promote bone growth and healing, and reduce the risk of loosening and displacement.

3. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Femoral stem design: The shape and size of the femoral stem are designed according to the anatomical morphology and mechanical characteristics of the human femur; the surface of the stem is roughened or coated to increase the bonding strength with the bone tissue; Acetabular cup design: The shape and size of the acetabular cup are designed according to the anatomical morphology of the human acetabulum. The surface of the cup can be microporous or coated to increase the growth and integration ability of bone tissue.

4. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Femoral stem manufacturing: Use precision casting, forging or powder metallurgy technology to manufacture femoral stems that meet design requirements; the material composition, organizational structure and mechanical properties need to be controlled during the manufacturing process to ensure the quality and reliability of the femoral stem; Acetabular cup manufacturing: The preparation process of bioactive materials, including sol-gel method, powder sintering method or biodegradable material processing method, is used to manufacture an acetabular cup that meets the design requirements; the porosity, pore size distribution and surface properties of the material need to be controlled during the manufacturing process to promote the growth and integration of bone tissue.

5. The hip joint prosthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Femoral stem installation: The femoral stem is surgically inserted into the femoral medullary cavity of the patient so that it is tightly integrated with the femur. During the installation process, press-fit, bone cement fixation or biological fixation are used, and the most appropriate fixation method is selected according to the patient's specific situation; Acetabular cup installation: The acetabular cup is surgically placed in the patient's acetabulum so that it is tightly integrated with the surrounding bone tissue; during the installation process, press-fit, screw fixation or bone cement fixation are used to ensure the stability and fixation of the acetabular cup.

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