Fireproof shell structure of battery pack

Abstract

The fireproof shell structure comprises a bottom cover, a plurality of battery module areas are arranged on the upper end face of the bottom cover, a plurality of batteries are arranged on the inner sides of the battery module areas, fireproof structures are arranged on the side faces of the batteries, and cooling mechanisms are arranged between the batteries. Isolation mechanisms are arranged on the outer sides of the battery module areas; the battery is simple in structure and reasonable in design, the side face of the battery is protected through the expansion fireproof coatings and the cooling parts which are alternately arranged on the side face of the battery at intervals, the structure can rapidly respond when the battery is physically punctured, flames and heat are effectively isolated through the carbonization effect of the expansion fireproof coatings, fire spreading is delayed, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. According to the battery pack, the battery modules are arranged, a physical barrier is created near a fire source, the safe evacuation time and rescue efficiency of personnel in a vehicle are remarkably improved, in addition, the influence of flames and high temperature on other battery modules is reduced due to the arrangement of the isolation mechanism, the fireproof safety of the whole battery pack is improved, and the risk of fire spreading is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular to a fireproof shell structure of a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] The power core of an electric vehicle is its battery pack, which is usually composed of multiple battery cells. The cells are configured in series or parallel to meet the required voltage and capacity requirements. Modern electric vehicle battery packs usually use lithium-ion battery technology, which has the characteristics of high energy density and long life. These battery packs not only need to withstand the electrochemical cycle load in normal use, but also need to cope with harsh conditions such as physical shock and temperature changes.

[0003] The optimization of battery pack design not only focuses on energy storage and output efficiency, but also attaches great importance to safety. For example, the battery management system (BMS) is the key to safe battery operation. It monitors multiple indicators such as the battery's charging status, temperature, voltage, etc. to ensure that the battery operates within a safe operating range. In addition, the battery packs of modern electric vehicles are usually integrated with a thermal management system to keep the battery running at the optimal operating temperature, thereby improving efficiency and extending life.

[0004] Deficiencies of existing technology: In the event that an electric vehicle battery pack is physically punctured, short circuit and thermal runaway occur almost instantly. According to research and accident analysis, after a battery short circuit, the temperature can quickly rise to a critical point within seconds to minutes, triggering thermal runaway. Once thermal runaway occurs, the chemical reaction inside the battery will be uncontrollable, causing the temperature and pressure to continue to rise, thus causing a fire. What is more urgent is that the time window from the initial signs of thermal runaway to the obvious outbreak of flames is extremely narrow, perhaps only 2 to 3 minutes, which requires drivers and passengers to act immediately when they first notice signs of abnormality, greatly increasing the urgency of escape and the difficulty of rescue operations. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a fireproof housing structure for a battery pack to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A fireproof housing structure of a battery pack, comprising a bottom cover, wherein the upper end surface of the bottom cover is provided with a plurality of battery module areas, a plurality of batteries are provided inside the battery module areas, a fireproof structure is provided on the side of the batteries, a cooling mechanism is provided between the batteries, and an isolation mechanism is provided on the outer sides of the battery module areas; Fireproof structures include: The intumescent fireproof coating and the cooling part are alternately arranged at intervals on the side of the battery along its length direction, and the intumescent fireproof coating and the cooling part between adjacent batteries are staggered.

[0007] Preferably, the cooling mechanism comprises: A cooling box, wherein the cooling box is fixedly connected to the bottom cover, and an L-shaped chamber and a motor chamber are arranged inside the cooling box; A driving motor, wherein the driving motor is arranged inside the motor chamber, a first rotating shaft is arranged at an output end of the driving motor, the first rotating shaft passes through a short side portion of the L-shaped chamber and is rotatably connected to an inner wall of the cooling box, and an impeller is arranged on the first rotating shaft; A volute is fixedly arranged on the short side of the L-shaped chamber and is located on the outside of the impeller. A cooling pipe is arranged at the outlet end of the volute. The cooling pipe is provided with a cooling section. The cooling section is arranged between the batteries. A heat conduction plate is arranged on the side of the cooling section. The heat conduction plate is fitted on the cooling part. The other end of the cooling pipe is arranged on the top of the long side of the L-shaped chamber.

[0008] Preferably, a drainage mechanism is provided inside the cooling box, and the drainage mechanism includes: A main gear, which is arranged at the output end of the driving motor; The second rotating shaft is arranged at the corner of the L-shaped chamber, a pushing plate is arranged on the side of the second rotating shaft, a sub-gear is arranged at the end of the second rotating shaft, and the sub-gear and the main gear are connected by a belt.

[0009] Preferably, the isolation mechanism comprises: Isolation blocks, the isolation blocks are arranged on both sides of the battery module area, the upper end surface of the isolation block is provided with a recessed portion, and the side surface of the recessed portion is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves; An insulating heat-conducting plate, which is arranged at the upper end of the battery module area, and a plurality of limit blocks are arranged on both sides of the insulating heat-conducting plate, and the limit blocks are slidably arranged in the limit grooves; Magnetic blocks, which are respectively arranged in the recessed portion and on the lower end surface of the insulating heat-conducting plate; A low melting point alloy column, the lower end surface of the low melting point alloy column is fixed in the recessed portion, the upper end surface of the low melting point alloy column is fixedly connected to the insulating heat conductive plate, and the low melting point alloy column is used to prevent the insulating heat conductive plate from contacting the isolation block.

[0010] Preferably, a heat insulating interlayer is provided inside the isolation block.

[0011] Preferably, the length of the insulating heat-conducting plate is smaller than the length of the battery.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The fireproof shell structure of the battery pack realizes the protection of the battery side through the expansion fireproof coating and the cooling part alternately arranged on the battery side. This design can not only respond quickly when the battery is physically punctured, but also effectively isolate the flame and heat through the carbonized layer of the expansion fireproof coating to delay the spread of the fire. It can also directly create a physical barrier near the fire source to block the fire propagation path, so that the personnel in the vehicle have more time to evacuate safely, and also win a precious time window for firefighting and other rescue, reduce property losses, and also provide sufficient conditions for the cooling of the cooling mechanism; 2. The fireproof shell structure of this battery pack realizes the circulation of cooling medium through the impeller system driven by the driving motor, combined with the design of L-shaped chamber and cooling pipe, effectively absorbs and takes away the heat conducted from the battery to the thermal conduction plate, and reduces the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the battery through the temperature neutralization effect of the thermal conduction plate, thereby ensuring the temperature balance on the battery surface. On the other hand, the setting of the drainage mechanism can effectively guide the cooling medium in the long side part of the L-shaped chamber into the short side part, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the long side and the short side and improving the cooling effect.

[0013] 3. The fireproof shell structure of this battery pack, through the cooperation of low-melting-point alloy columns and insulating heat-conducting plates, allows the low-melting-point alloy columns to melt when the battery continues to burn, allowing the insulating heat-conducting plates to fall automatically, thereby reducing the impact of flames and high temperatures on other battery module areas. This design improves the fire safety of the battery pack, reduces the possibility of fire spread, and further provides more escape time for occupants in the vehicle, effectively enhancing the overall safety protection of the vehicle in emergency situations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an enlarged view of point A of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single battery module area of ​​the present invention; Figure 6 It is an enlarged view of B of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the side surface of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the L-shaped chamber of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single battery module area of ​​the present invention when it is connected with an isolation mechanism; Fig.10It is an enlarged view of location C of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. bottom cover; 2. battery module area; 3. battery; 4. fireproof structure; 401. expansion fireproof coating; 402. cooling part; 5. cooling mechanism; 501. cooling box; 502. L-shaped chamber; 503. motor chamber; 504. driving motor; 505. first rotating shaft; 506. impeller; 507. volute; 508. cooling pipe; 5081. cooling section; 509. thermal conductive plate; 6. isolation mechanism; 601. isolation block; 602. recessed part; 603. limiting groove; 604. insulating thermal conductive plate; 605. limiting block; 606. magnetic block; 607. low melting point alloy column; 7. drainage mechanism; 701. main gear; 702. second rotating shaft; 703. push plate; 704. auxiliary gear; 8. thermal insulation interlayer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicating orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0018] In the description of this patent, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "setting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, setting, or detachable connection, setting, or integrated connection, setting. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this patent can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0019] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "several" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. Example

[0020] See also Figure 1-10 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution for a fireproof shell structure of a battery pack: a fireproof shell structure of a battery pack, comprising a bottom cover 1, a plurality of battery module areas 2 are arranged on the upper end surface of the bottom cover 1, a plurality of batteries 3 are installed on the inner side of the battery module area 2, a fireproof structure 4 is arranged on the side of the battery 3, a cooling mechanism 5 is arranged between the batteries 3, and an isolation mechanism 6 is arranged on the outer side of the battery module area 2; The fireproof structure 4 includes an intumescent fireproof coating 401 and a cooling portion 402. The intumescent fireproof coating 401 and the cooling portion 402 are alternately arranged at intervals on the side of the battery 3 along its length direction. The intumescent fireproof coating 401 and the cooling portion 402 between adjacent batteries 3 are arranged in a staggered manner. When the battery 3 is physically punctured, its internal electrodes (anode and cathode) may directly contact, causing an internal short circuit, thereby rapidly generating a large amount of heat energy, leading to thermal runaway and initiating combustion. If the punctured portion is the cooling portion 402 on the side of the battery, the combustion is directed to the intumescent fireproof coating 401 of the opposite battery 3, and the intumescent fireproof coating 401 and the cooling portion 402 on the opposite battery 3. If the punctured part is the expanded fire retardant coating 401 on the side of the battery 3, it will directly prevent the fire from spreading further. This design can directly create an obstacle near the fire source, effectively blocking the propagation path of the fire and slowing down the spread of the fire, thereby providing more time for people in the vehicle to evacuate safely and providing a time window for firefighting and other rescue services to arrive at the scene.

[0021] The cooling mechanism 5 includes a cooling box 501, a driving motor 504, and a volute 507. The cooling box 501 is fixedly connected to the bottom cover 1. The interior of the cooling box 501 is provided with an L-shaped chamber 502 and a motor chamber 503. The driving motor 504 is fixedly installed inside the motor chamber 503. The output end of the driving motor 504 is connected to a first rotating shaft 505. The first rotating shaft 505 passes through the short side of the L-shaped chamber 502 and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the cooling box 501. An impeller 506 is installed on 505, a volute 507 is fixedly installed on the short side of the L-shaped chamber 502 and is located outside the impeller 506, the outlet end of the volute 507 is connected to a cooling pipe 508, and the cooling pipe 508 is designed with a cooling section 5081, the cooling section 5081 is located between the batteries 3, and a heat conduction plate 509 is connected to the side of the cooling section 5081, and the heat conduction plate 509 is attached to the cooling part 402. The other end of the cooling pipe 508 is located on the long side of the L-shaped chamber 502. At the top of the portion, during the cooling process, the driving motor 504 provides power to drive the first rotating shaft 505 with the impeller 506 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the cooling medium is introduced into the volute 507, and enters the cooling pipe 508 after circling inside. As the impeller 506 continues to rotate, the cooling medium will be continuously input into the cooling pipe 508, so that the cooling medium is finally discharged at the top of the long side portion of the L-shaped chamber 502 and can be circulated. When the cooling medium passes through the cooling section 5081, it will take away part of the heat conducted by the battery 3 to the heat conduction plate 509 to achieve cooling. On the other hand, the heat conduction plate 509 can also play a certain role in temperature neutralization, reducing the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the battery 3. When the cooling medium leaves the cooling section 5081 and enters the L-shaped chamber 502 again, it will be temperature neutralized with the cooling medium in the chamber to achieve cooling, and will be discharged at the top of the long side portion of the L-shaped chamber 502 to merge with the external cooling medium.

[0022] A drainage mechanism 7 is provided inside the cooling box 501, and the drainage mechanism 7 includes a main gear 701 and a second rotating shaft 702. The main gear 701 is installed at the output end of the driving motor 504, and the second rotating shaft 702 is installed at the corner of the L-shaped chamber 502. A pushing plate 703 is installed on the side of the second rotating shaft 702, and a sub-gear 704 is installed at the end of the second rotating shaft 702. The sub-gear 704 and the main gear 701 are connected by a belt. In order to prevent the temperature difference between the long side and the short side of the L-shaped chamber 502 from being too large and to achieve more effective cooling, a drainage mechanism 7 is set up. During drainage, the driving motor 504 provides power, and the second rotating shaft 702 with the pushing plate 703 is rotated through the structure of the belt and gear. At this time, the first rotating shaft 505 and the second rotating shaft 702 have the same rotation direction, which can effectively guide the cooling medium of the long side of the L-shaped chamber 502 into the short side, reduce the temperature difference, and improve the cooling efficiency.

[0023] The isolation mechanism 6 includes an isolation block 601, an insulating heat conductive plate 604, a magnetic block 606, and a low melting point alloy column 607. The isolation block 601 is installed on both sides of the battery module area 2. A recessed portion 602 is provided on the upper end surface of the isolation block 601, and a plurality of limit grooves 603 are provided on the side of the recessed portion 602. The insulating heat conductive plate 604 is located at the upper end of the battery module area 2. A plurality of limit blocks 605 are connected to both sides of the insulating heat conductive plate 604. The limit blocks 605 are slidably arranged in the limit grooves 603. The magnetic blocks 606 are respectively installed in the recessed portion 602 and on the lower end surface of the insulating heat conductive plate 604. The lower end surface of the low melting point alloy column 607 is fixed in the recessed portion 602. The low melting point alloy The upper end surface of the column 607 is fixedly connected to the insulating heat conductive plate 604. The low-melting point alloy column 607 is used to prevent the insulating heat conductive plate 604 from contacting the isolation block 601. In the specific implementation process, the insulating heat conductive plate 604 can be alumina ceramic, and the low-melting point alloy column 607 can be a bismuth-tin alloy. During the continuous combustion of the battery 3, the temperature of the insulating heat conductive plate 604 located at its upper end will continue to rise, and continuously transfer heat to the low-melting point alloy column 607. When the melting point of the low-melting point alloy column 607 is reached, it will melt and flow into the recessed portion 602. At this time, the insulating heat conductive plate 604 will cover the upper end of the battery module area 2 to reduce the impact on the remaining battery module areas 2.

[0024] An insulating interlayer 8 is provided inside the isolation block 601. In the specific implementation process, the insulating interlayer 8 can be an asbestos interlayer. This design can effectively control the temperature inside a single battery module area 2, thereby enhancing the overall thermal management efficiency. By providing the asbestos insulating interlayer 8, not only can the heat transfer between the batteries 3 be effectively isolated, but also when the battery 3 has thermal runaway or combustion, it can prevent the high temperature from affecting the heat of the adjacent battery module area 2, thereby reducing the risk of fire spread.

[0025] The length of the insulating heat conductive plate 604 is smaller than that of the battery 3. This design ensures that when the insulating heat conductive plate 604 is closed, gaps are still retained at both ends of the battery 3, which helps to dissipate internal heat and avoids safety risks that may be caused by complete sealing of the battery module area 2. These gaps allow air to flow, thereby helping to regulate and stabilize the temperature in the battery module area 2 and reduce overheating problems caused by heat accumulation.

[0026] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: The fireproof shell structure of a battery pack provided in this embodiment adopts multiple protection mechanisms to ensure the safety of the battery pack. First of all, the design of the fireproof structure 4 is one of the cores. It effectively responds to the fire risk that may be caused by physical puncture or thermal runaway of the battery 3 through the alternating interval arrangement of the expansion fireproof coating 401 and the cooling part 402. When the battery 3 is punctured, causing an internal short circuit and generating a large amount of heat energy, if the punctured part is the cooling part 402, the expansion fireproof coating 401 on the opposite side and both sides will rapidly expand to form a carbonized layer. This carbonized layer is like a firewall, effectively isolating flames and heat, and preventing the fire from spreading to the adjacent battery 3. If the punctured part is directly the expansion fireproof coating 401, the further spread path of the fire is directly blocked.

[0027] Secondly, the cooling mechanism 5 drives the impeller 506 to rotate through the driving motor 504, forming a circulating flow of the cooling medium. When the cooling medium flows through the cooling section 5081, it can absorb and take away the heat conducted by the battery 3 through the thermal conductive plate 509, thereby achieving rapid cooling. The introduction of the thermal conductive plate 509 not only improves the heat conduction efficiency, but also helps to balance the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the battery 3, further ensuring the stable operation of the battery pack. In addition, the drainage mechanism 7 uses a belt and gear transmission system to make the push plate 703 rotate synchronously with the impeller 506, effectively guiding the uniform distribution of the cooling medium in the L-shaped chamber 502, reducing the temperature difference between the long side and the short side, and improving the overall cooling efficiency.

[0028] Finally, the isolation mechanism 6 plays a key role when a serious fire occurs in the battery 3. As the fire continues, the temperature of the insulating heat conductive plate 604 continues to rise, and the heat is transferred to the bottom through the low melting point alloy column 607. Once the melting point of the low melting point alloy column 607 is reached, the alloy column melts and flows into the recessed portion 602. At this time, the insulating heat conductive plate 604 falls due to the loss of support and tightly covers the upper end of the battery module area 2. This design quickly isolates the burning area, effectively preventing the fire and high temperature from affecting other battery modules, and further improving the overall safety of the battery pack.

[0029] In summary, the present invention achieves multiple protections for the battery pack through the synergistic effects of the fireproof structure 4, the cooling mechanism 5 and the isolation mechanism 6, significantly improves the safety performance of the battery pack under extreme conditions, and provides more reliable technical guarantees for electric vehicles, energy storage systems and other fields.

[0030] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fireproof housing structure of a battery pack, comprising a bottom cover (1), characterized in that: The upper end surface of the bottom cover (1) is provided with a plurality of battery module areas (2), the inner side of the battery module area (2) is provided with a plurality of batteries (3), the side of the battery (3) is provided with a fireproof structure (4), a cooling mechanism (5) is provided between the batteries (3), and the outer side of the battery module area (2) is provided with an isolation mechanism (6); The fireproof structure (4) comprises: An intumescent fireproof coating (401) and a cooling portion (402), wherein the intumescent fireproof coating (401) and the cooling portion (402) are alternately arranged at intervals on the side of the battery (3) along its length direction, and the intumescent fireproof coating (401) and the cooling portion (402) between adjacent batteries (3) are arranged in a staggered manner.

2. A fireproof housing structure for a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism (5) comprises: A cooling box (501), the cooling box (501) being fixedly connected to the bottom cover (1), and the interior of the cooling box (501) being provided with an L-shaped chamber (502) and a motor chamber (503); A drive motor (504), the drive motor (504) being arranged inside the motor chamber (503), a first rotating shaft (505) being arranged at an output end of the drive motor (504), the first rotating shaft (505) passing through a short side portion of the L-shaped chamber (502) and being rotatably connected to an inner wall of the cooling box (501), and an impeller (506) being arranged on the first rotating shaft (505); A volute (507), the volute (507) being fixedly arranged on the short side of the L-shaped chamber (502) and being located outside the impeller (506), a cooling pipe (508) being arranged at the outlet end of the volute (507), the cooling pipe (508) being provided with a cooling section (5081), the cooling section (5081) being arranged between the batteries (3), a heat conduction plate (509) being arranged on the side of the cooling section (5081), the heat conduction plate (509) being arranged in affixed relation to the cooling portion (402), and the other end of the cooling pipe (508) being arranged at the top of the long side of the L-shaped chamber (502).

3. A fireproof housing structure for a battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: A drainage mechanism (7) is provided inside the cooling box (501), and the drainage mechanism (7) comprises: A main gear (701), wherein the main gear (701) is arranged at the output end of the driving motor (504); A second rotating shaft (702), wherein the second rotating shaft (702) is arranged at a corner of the L-shaped chamber (502), a pushing plate (703) is arranged on a side of the second rotating shaft (702), and a secondary gear (704) is arranged at an end of the second rotating shaft (702), wherein the secondary gear (704) and the main gear (701) are connected via a belt.

4. The fireproof housing structure of a battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation mechanism (6) comprises: An isolation block (601), the isolation block (601) being arranged on both sides of the battery module area (2), the upper end surface of the isolation block (601) being provided with a recessed portion (602), and the side surfaces of the recessed portion (602) being provided with a plurality of limiting grooves (603); An insulating heat conducting plate (604), the insulating heat conducting plate (604) being arranged at the upper end of the battery module area (2), a plurality of limit blocks (605) being arranged on both sides of the insulating heat conducting plate (604), the limit blocks (605) being slidably arranged in the limit grooves (603); A magnetic attraction block (606), wherein the magnetic attraction block (606) is respectively arranged in the recessed portion (602) and on the lower end surface of the insulating heat conducting plate (604); A low melting point alloy column (607), wherein the lower end surface of the low melting point alloy column (607) is fixed in the recessed portion (602), the upper end surface of the low melting point alloy column (607) is fixedly connected to the insulating heat conductive plate (604), and the low melting point alloy column (607) is used to prevent the insulating heat conductive plate (604) from contacting the isolation block (601).

5. A fireproof housing structure for a battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: A heat insulating interlayer (8) is provided inside the isolation block (601).

6. A fireproof housing structure for a battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the insulating heat-conducting plate (604) is smaller than the length of the battery (3).

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