Multi-material bio 3d printing high temperature print head temperature regulation method and system

Abstract

A kind of multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature regulation method and system, the thermal imaging image of target area of nozzle is obtained in real time by thermal imager, the temperature value of region of interest is accurately extracted using U-net image segmentation algorithm, especially the temperature of high-temperature molten material and hydrogel contact area.Extracted temperature data is transmitted to controller through serial communication, and the controller adjusts fan power according to temperature value or the difference between temperature and set target temperature through PID control algorithm or threshold control algorithm, to realize accurate regulation of printing nozzle temperature.The system has high precision, strong real-time performance, strong adaptability and other advantages, can effectively avoid the influence of temperature fluctuation on cell activity, and ensure the biological activity of hydrogel composite scaffold in multi-material biological 3D printing process.The present application is especially suitable for 3D printing of degradable material-hydrogel composite scaffold, and has important practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to biological 3D printing technology, and in particular to a method and system for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing. Background Art

[0002] In the field of multi-material 3D bioprinting, when printing complex structures, high-temperature molten materials can burn hydrogel cells during the molding process, affecting cell viability and reducing the overall bioactivity of the structure, significantly impacting the subsequent production of the finished product. Temperature control is crucial in the bioprinting process. Traditional temperature control systems typically rely on fixed temperature sensors and simple on-off control methods, but these methods generally fail to provide high-precision, real-time temperature control. Existing temperature control systems struggle to accurately monitor and regulate the temperature in the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel in complex multi-material printing scenarios, resulting in large temperature fluctuations and an inability to effectively prevent damage to the hydrogel cells. Although thermal imaging technology can detect temperature changes in different regions, the existing technology has not yet effectively combined thermal imaging technology with intelligent control solutions to achieve real-time and precise temperature control of the multi-material 3D bioprinting nozzle. This presents a technological gap, particularly in the printing of composite scaffolds made of high-temperature molten materials and hydrogels. Therefore, developing a method and system that can monitor and precisely regulate temperature in real time is crucial for improving the quality and bioactivity of multi-material 3D bioprinted products.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to understand the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the above-mentioned background technology and provide a method and system for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: The thermal imager takes real-time thermal images of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printing nozzle in multi-material 3D bioprinting. The computer communicates with the thermal imager to obtain real-time thermal images of the target area of ​​the nozzle, accurately monitoring the temperature distribution of the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel composite scaffold.

[0008] S2: The thermal imaging image is processed using the U-net image segmentation algorithm to extract the temperature values ​​of the region of interest in the multi-material 3D bioprinting nozzle, including the temperature of the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel;

[0009] S3: The extracted temperature data is transmitted to the control unit via serial communication. The control unit receives the data and calculates the difference between the temperature and the set target temperature.

[0010] S4: According to the temperature value or temperature difference, the fan power is adjusted through the threshold control algorithm or the PID control algorithm to achieve precise regulation of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle, so as to ensure that the high-temperature molten material will not damage the hydrogel cells during the molding process and maintain the biological activity of the overall structure.

[0011] Furthermore, step S1 specifically includes:

[0012] Acquire real-time thermal imaging images of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printing nozzle of multi-material 3D bioprinting through a thermal imager;

[0013] The computer communicates with the thermal imager through the SDK interface of the thermal imager, and receives and stores thermal imaging image data in real time.

[0014] Furthermore, step S2 specifically includes:

[0015] The U-net image segmentation algorithm is used to process thermal imaging images and automatically segment the region of interest;

[0016] The temperature values ​​of the region of interest are extracted, especially the temperature of the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel.

[0017] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes:

[0018] The extracted temperature data is transmitted to the Arduino control unit via the serial communication protocol;

[0019] The Arduino control unit receives the temperature data and calculates the difference between the current temperature and the set target temperature.

[0020] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes:

[0021] Calculate the fan power based on the temperature difference or temperature value using a PID control algorithm or a threshold control algorithm;

[0022] By adjusting the fan speed through PWM signals, the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle can be precisely adjusted to ensure that the high-temperature molten material will not damage the hydrogel cells during the molding process and maintain the biological activity of the overall structure.

[0023] A multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature regulation system comprises:

[0024] A thermal imager is used to acquire thermal imaging images of a target area of a multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle in real time and detect temperature distribution.

[0025] A computer is in communication with the thermal imager and is used to receive and process thermal imaging image data and run an image segmentation algorithm to extract temperature values of a region of interest.

[0026] A controller is connected to the computer through a serial communication port and is used to receive temperature data transmitted by the computer and calculate fan power through a threshold control algorithm or a PID control algorithm according to temperature values or differences between the temperature values and a set target temperature.

[0027] A fan is connected to the controller and is used to adjust a rotating speed according to a control signal output by the controller to realize accurate regulation of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle.

[0028] Further, the thermal imager is in communication with the computer through an SDK interface, acquires thermal imaging images of the target area in real time, and detects temperature distribution through image data.

[0029] Further, the computer runs a U-net image segmentation algorithm, automatically segments the thermal imaging images, extracts temperature values of the region of interest, and avoids noise interference.

[0030] Further, the controller is an Arduino controller, receives temperature data transmitted by the computer through a serial communication protocol, and calculates fan power through a PID control algorithm or a threshold control algorithm according to temperature differences or temperature values.

[0031] Further, the fan is connected to the controller through a PWM signal, adjusts a rotating speed according to a PWM signal output by the controller, and realizes accurate regulation of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle.

[0032] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This invention provides a method and system for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printhead in multi-material 3D bioprinting. This method uses a thermal imager to acquire real-time temperature data from the printhead. The thermal imaging target area is located near the nozzle of the printhead. The system, combined with a U-net image segmentation algorithm, accurately extracts the temperature value of the region of interest. Fan power is then adjusted using a PID control or threshold control algorithm, achieving efficient and precise temperature control. The system boasts high-precision temperature control, effectively avoiding noise interference and ensuring the accuracy of temperature data. It also exhibits strong real-time performance, enabling rapid adjustment of ambient temperature based on real-time temperature data to ensure the temperature remains within a set range. It also exhibits strong adaptability, automatically adjusting fan power based on temperature fluctuations to accommodate various temperature control requirements. Furthermore, the system is simple and easy to use, allowing users to easily set and adjust temperature targets and monitor temperature data in real time via serial communication with a controller (such as an Arduino). This system is particularly suitable for printing biodegradable material-hydrogel composite scaffolds in multi-material 3D bioprinting. It effectively prevents burns to hydrogel cells caused by high-temperature molten materials, maintaining the bioactivity of the overall structure, and possesses significant practical application value.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0035] 1. High-precision temperature control: Utilizing the high-precision temperature detection capability of the thermal imager and the U-net image segmentation algorithm, the present invention can achieve more accurate temperature data extraction and effectively avoid noise interference, thereby achieving more precise temperature control.

[0036] 2. Strong real-time performance: The system can obtain temperature data in real time and adjust the temperature according to the real-time data to ensure that the ambient temperature is within the set range.

[0037] 3. Strong adaptability: The system can automatically adjust the fan power according to different temperature changes to adapt to different temperature control requirements.

[0038] 4. Easy to use: Through simple connection with Arduino via serial communication, users can easily set and adjust temperature target values ​​and monitor temperature data.

[0039] Other beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material 3D biological printing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature printing nozzle temperature control system for multi-material 3D biological printing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of a computer acquiring a temperature image through a thermal imager and performing U-net image segmentation processing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of using the U-net algorithm to segment an image and extract the temperature of the area of ​​interest in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be emphasized that the following description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention and its application.

[0045] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, connection can be used for both fixing and coupling or communication.

[0046] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0048] See Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material 3D biological printing, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step S1, Data Acquisition: A thermal imager captures real-time thermal images of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printhead for multi-material 3D bioprinting. The computer communicates with the thermal imager to acquire real-time thermal images of the target area, accurately monitoring the temperature distribution of the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel composite scaffold. This target area, located near the nozzle of the printhead, is sensitive to temperature fluctuations during printing. The printhead's temperature control system monitors and adjusts the temperature of this area to ensure that the high-temperature molten material does not burn the hydrogel cells during the molding process.

[0050] Step S2, image segmentation and temperature extraction: The thermal imaging image is processed using the U-net image segmentation algorithm to extract the temperature values ​​of the region of interest in the multi-material 3D bioprinting nozzle, including the temperature of the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel, to avoid burns to the hydrogel cells;

[0051] Step S3, temperature transmission and processing: The extracted temperature data is transmitted to the control unit via serial communication. The control unit receives the data and calculates the difference between the temperature and the set target temperature.

[0052] Step S4, real-time fan power adjustment: According to the temperature value or temperature difference, the fan power is adjusted through a threshold control algorithm or a PID control algorithm to achieve precise regulation of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle, ensuring that the temperature is controlled within a range suitable for multi-material biological 3D printing, so that the high-temperature molten material will not cause damage to the hydrogel cells during the molding process, and the biological activity of the overall structure is maintained.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, step S1 specifically includes: using a thermal imager to acquire a real-time thermal image of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printhead in a multi-material 3D bioprinter; and a computer communicating with the thermal imager via the thermal imager's SDK interface to receive and store the thermal image data in real time. This step ensures real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution of the high-temperature molten material and hydrogel composite scaffold, preventing temperature fluctuations from affecting cell activity.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, step S2 specifically includes processing the thermal image using a U-net image segmentation algorithm to automatically segment the region of interest; and extracting the temperature of the region of interest, specifically the temperature at the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel. This step effectively separates the different temperature regions using the image segmentation algorithm, avoiding noise interference and ensuring accurate extraction of temperature data.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, step S3 specifically includes transmitting the extracted temperature data to an Arduino control unit via a serial communication protocol; the Arduino control unit receives the temperature data and calculates the difference between the current temperature and the set target temperature. This step ensures real-time transmission of temperature data and subsequent temperature control based on the difference.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, step S4 specifically includes: calculating the fan power through a PID control algorithm or a threshold control algorithm based on the temperature difference or temperature value; adjusting the fan speed through a PWM signal to achieve precise adjustment of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle to ensure that the high-temperature molten material does not damage the hydrogel cells during the molding process and maintain the biological activity of the overall structure.

[0057] See Figure 2 , a multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature control system, including: a thermal imager, used to obtain real-time thermal imaging images of the target area of ​​the multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle and detect the temperature distribution; a computer, communicating with the thermal imager, used to receive and process thermal imaging image data, and run an image segmentation algorithm to extract the temperature value of the area of ​​interest; a controller, connected to the computer through a serial port communication, used to receive temperature data transmitted by the computer, and calculate the fan power through a threshold control algorithm or a PID control algorithm according to the temperature value or the difference between the temperature and the set target temperature; a fan, connected to the controller, used to adjust the speed according to the control signal output by the controller, so as to achieve precise regulation of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the thermal imager communicates with the computer via an SDK interface, acquires thermal imaging images of the target area in real time, and detects temperature distribution through image data.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the computer runs a U-net image segmentation algorithm to automatically segment the thermal imaging image, extract the temperature value of the region of interest, and avoid noise interference.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the controller is an Arduino controller, which receives temperature data transmitted by a computer through a serial communication protocol, and calculates the fan power through a PID control algorithm or a threshold control algorithm based on the temperature difference or temperature value.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the fan is connected to the controller via a PWM signal, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to the PWM signal output by the controller to achieve precise adjustment of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle.

[0062] The application provides a multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature regulation method and system. The system acquires thermal imaging temperature data of the target area of the nozzle nozzle through a thermal imager in real time, extracts temperature values using a U-net image segmentation algorithm, and adjusts the fan power through PID control or threshold control, thereby achieving efficient and accurate temperature control. The system is particularly suitable for 3D printing of degradable material-hydrogel composite scaffolds in multi-material printing. The system can acquire temperature information in real time through a thermal imager and combine a controller (such as Arduino) to control fans and other devices for accurate adjustment, control the temperature in real time within a range suitable for multi-material biological 3D printing, avoid damage to hydrogel cells caused by high-temperature molten materials during the molding process, and maintain the biological activity of the overall structure, which has important practical application value.

[0063] The specific embodiments of the application and examples of hardware control code implementation thereof are further described below.

[0064] 1. Hardware components:

[0065] ○ Thermal imager: used to acquire temperature data of the target environment or area, and detect temperature distribution through image data.

[0066] ○ Arduino controller: used to receive temperature data and control the power output of fans and other devices based on temperature values.

[0067] ○ Fan: as a temperature control device, adjusts power according to temperature, helps to reduce or increase environmental temperature.

[0068] ○ Computer / main control device: runs image processing software to acquire image data from the thermal imager and extract temperature information.

[0069] 2. Software part:

[0070] ○ Thermal imager SDK: provides a communication interface with the thermal imager, allowing the computer to acquire real-time image data and extract temperature information through image processing algorithms.

[0071] ○ U-net image segmentation algorithm: uses the U-net model to automatically segment thermal imaging images, identifies the region of interest, and accurately extracts temperature data of the region. Through this algorithm, the system can more accurately detect hot spot areas and avoid noise interference in traditional methods.

[0072] ○ Arduino control code: based on the received temperature data, adjusts the fan power through a PID control algorithm or a simple threshold control.

[0073] ○ Serial communication protocol: used for communication between the computer and Arduino, transmits temperature data and control instructions.

[0074] 3. Control methods:

[0075] ○Data acquisition: The computer communicates with the thermal imager’s SDK interface to acquire thermal images of the target environment or area in real time.

[0076] U-net image segmentation and temperature extraction: The U-net algorithm is used to segment thermal images and extract the temperature values ​​of the area of ​​interest. This algorithm can effectively separate different temperature areas and accurately calculate the temperature data of the target area.

[0077] ○ Temperature transmission and processing: The extracted temperature data is transmitted to the Arduino via serial communication. After receiving the data, the Arduino determines the difference between the temperature and the set target temperature.

[0078] ○PID control to adjust fan power: Based on the deviation between the received temperature and the set target temperature, the PID control algorithm is used to calculate the fan power and the fan speed is adjusted through the PWM signal to achieve precise temperature regulation.

[0079] ○Threshold control: If complex PID control is not required, a simple temperature threshold control method can be used: when the temperature exceeds the set value, the fan power is increased; when it is lower than the set value, the fan power is reduced.

[0080] 4. Control effect:

[0081] ○The system can accurately adjust the fan power according to the real-time temperature of the environment or target area, realizing automatic temperature regulation.

[0082] ○Through the PID control algorithm, it can ensure that the system temperature changes smoothly and avoid temperature fluctuations caused by over-adjustment.

[0083] ○The system has a fast response speed and is suitable for environments and equipment that are sensitive to temperature changes.

[0084] Example

[0085] 1. Hardware design:

[0086] ○The thermal imager (FLUKE series) is connected to the computer via SDK.

[0087] ○Arduino acts as the main control board, connected to the computer via the USB interface, receives temperature data and controls the fan.

[0088] ○The fan is controlled using a PWM signal, ensuring that the fan speed is adjustable and responds to temperature changes.

[0089] 2. Software Design:

[0090] ○Use Python and thermal imager SDK for interface programming to achieve image acquisition and processing.

[0091] ○Use the U-net image segmentation model on the computer to process the thermal imaging image and extract temperature information.

[0092] ○ Send the processed temperature data to Arduino via the pyserial library in Python.

[0093] The Arduino code adjusts the fan power through PID control algorithm or threshold control, and outputs a PWM signal to control the fan speed.

[0094] Processing flow:

[0095] 1. The computer obtains the temperature image through the thermal imager and performs U-net image segmentation processing.

[0096] 2. Use the U-net algorithm to segment the image and extract the temperature of the region of interest.

[0097] 3. The computer sends the temperature data to the Arduino via the serial port.

[0098] 4. Arduino receives the temperature data and calculates the difference from the set target temperature.

[0099] 5. Arduino calculates the fan power based on the difference using a PID control algorithm and outputs a PWM signal to control the fan.

[0100] 6. The fan adjusts the speed according to the PWM signal and adjusts the ambient temperature.

[0101] The following is an example of hardware control code:

[0102] #include<PID_v1.h> / / Import PID library

[0103] / / Define temperature sensor pins and fan control pins

[0104] const int fanPin = 9; / / Assume fan is connected to PWM pin 9

[0105] / / PID control related variables

[0106] double Setpoint, Input, Output; / / Target value (target temperature), input value (current temperature), output value (fan power)

[0107] double Kp = 2.0, Ki = 5.0, Kd = 1.0; / / PID controller parameters (adjustable)

[0108] / / Set up the PID controller

[0109] PID myPID(&Input,&Output,&Setpoint, Kp, Ki, Kd, ​​DIRECT);

[0110] void setup() {

[0111] / / Initialize serial communication and set the baud rate to 9600

[0112] Serial.begin(9600);

[0113] / / Initialize fan control pins

[0114] pinMode(fanPin, OUTPUT);

[0115] / / Set the initial target temperature (can be adjusted via Serial monitoring or other methods)

[0116] Setpoint = 25.0; / / Target temperature, for example 25°C

[0117] / / Start the PID controller

[0118] myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);

[0119] myPID.SetOutputLimits(0, 255); / / Output limited to 0 to 255 (PWM range)

[0120] }

[0121] void loop() {

[0122] / / Check if there is data sent from Python to Arduino

[0123] if (Serial.available()>0) {

[0124] / / Read the temperature value sent by Python

[0125] String tempString = Serial.readStringUntil( ); / / Read temperature value

[0126] Input = tempString.toFloat(); / / Convert string to floating temperature value

[0127] Serial.print("Received temperature: ");

[0128] Serial.println(Input);

[0129] }

[0130] / / Use PID algorithm to calculate the fan power (0-255)

[0131] myPID.Compute();

[0132] / / Write the output PWM value to the fan control pin

[0133] analogWrite(fanPin, Output);

[0134] / / Optional: Print current temperature and fan power for debugging

[0135] Serial.print("Target Temp: ");

[0136] Serial.print(Setpoint);

[0137] Serial.print(" °C, Current Temp: ");

[0138] Serial.print(Input);

[0139] Serial.print(" °C, Fan Power: ");

[0140] Serial.println(Output);

[0141] / / Wait for a while before executing the next loop

[0142] delay(1000);

[0143] }

[0144] Figure 3 This example demonstrates how a computer can capture a temperature image using a thermal imager and perform U-net image segmentation. The vertical coordinate represents the temperature, while the xy coordinates represent the pixel coordinates, reflecting the temperature value of each pixel in the thermal image. Figure 4An example of using the U-net algorithm to segment an image and extract the temperature of the area of ​​interest in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0145] The above embodiments of the present invention provide a complete and effective automatic temperature control solution. Using a thermal imager and a U-net image segmentation algorithm to accurately acquire temperature information, and using an Arduino to control fan power for temperature regulation, this system can maintain real-time temperature control within a range suitable for multi-material 3D bioprinting. This prevents damage to hydrogel cells caused by high-temperature molten materials during the molding process, mitigates the effects of temperature fluctuations on cell viability, and maintains the bioactivity of the entire structure. This system offers advantages such as high precision, strong real-time performance, and robust automatic adaptability, possessing significant practical application value.

[0146] The above description further details the present invention in conjunction with specific / preferred embodiments, and the specific implementation of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these descriptions. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they may make various substitutions or modifications to the described embodiments, and these substitutions or modifications should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" indicates that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with such embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Persons skilled in the art may combine and assemble the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, without conflicting opinions. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of protection of the patent application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The thermal imager takes real-time thermal images of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printing nozzle in multi-material 3D bioprinting. The computer communicates with the thermal imager to obtain real-time thermal images of the target area of ​​the nozzle, accurately monitoring the temperature distribution of the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel composite scaffold. S2: The thermal imaging image is processed using the U-net image segmentation algorithm to extract the temperature values ​​of the region of interest in the multi-material 3D bioprinting nozzle, including the temperature of the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel; S3: The extracted temperature data is transmitted to the control unit via serial communication. The control unit receives the data and calculates the difference between the temperature and the set target temperature. S4: According to the temperature value or temperature difference, the fan power is adjusted through the threshold control algorithm or the PID control algorithm to achieve precise regulation of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle, so as to ensure that the high-temperature molten material will not damage the hydrogel cells during the molding process and maintain the biological activity of the overall structure.

2. The method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: Step S1 specifically includes: Acquire real-time thermal imaging images of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printing nozzle of multi-material 3D bioprinting through a thermal imager; The computer communicates with the thermal imager through the SDK interface of the thermal imager, and receives and stores thermal imaging image data in real time.

3. The method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: Step S2 specifically includes: The U-net image segmentation algorithm is used to process thermal imaging images and automatically segment the region of interest; The temperature values ​​of the region of interest are extracted, including the temperature of the contact area between the high-temperature molten material and the hydrogel.

4. The method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: Step S3 specifically includes: The extracted temperature data is transmitted to the Arduino control unit via the serial communication protocol; The Arduino control unit receives the temperature data and calculates the difference between the current temperature and the set target temperature.

5. The method for controlling the temperature of a high-temperature printing nozzle for multi-material biological 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: Step S4 specifically includes: Calculate the fan power based on the temperature difference or temperature value using a PID control algorithm or a threshold control algorithm; By adjusting the fan speed through PWM signals, the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle can be precisely adjusted to ensure that the high-temperature molten material will not damage the hydrogel cells during the molding process and maintain the biological activity of the overall structure.

6. A multi-material 3D bioprinting high-temperature print head temperature control system, used in the multi-material 3D bioprinting high-temperature print head temperature control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the system comprising: Thermal imager, used to obtain real-time thermal imaging images of the target area of ​​the high-temperature printing nozzle of multi-material 3D bioprinting and detect temperature distribution; a computer, communicating with the thermal imager, for receiving and processing thermal imaging image data and running an image segmentation algorithm to extract temperature values ​​of regions of interest; The controller is connected to the computer via a serial port communication, and is used to receive temperature data transmitted by the computer and calculate the fan power through a threshold control algorithm or a PID control algorithm according to the temperature value or the difference between the temperature and the set target temperature; The fan is connected to the controller and is used to adjust the rotation speed according to the control signal output by the controller to achieve precise adjustment of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle.

7. The multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thermal imager communicates with the computer via the SDK interface, acquires thermal imaging images of the target area in real time, and detects temperature distribution through image data.

8. The multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature control system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The computer runs a U-net image segmentation algorithm to automatically segment the thermal imaging image, extract the temperature value of the area of ​​interest, and avoid noise interference.

9. The multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature control system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The controller is an Arduino controller, which receives temperature data transmitted by a computer through a serial communication protocol and calculates the fan power through a PID control algorithm or a threshold control algorithm according to the temperature difference or temperature value.

10. The multi-material biological 3D printing high-temperature printing nozzle temperature control system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The fan is connected to the controller via a PWM signal, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to the PWM signal output by the controller to achieve precise adjustment of the temperature of the multi-material biological 3D printing nozzle.

Images