Sound barrier sound absorption material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a sound barrier sound absorption material and a preparation and application method thereof, the sound barrier sound absorption material is composed of natural rock particles, an inorganic binder, a spherical foamed ceramic material and reinforced fibers, and the foamed ceramic is prepared into a spherical shape; the high porosity and high dispersity of the spherical particles and the three-dimensional structure of the spherical particles are utilized to fully absorb and scatter sound waves with different frequencies, noise propagation is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the natural rock material is utilized to endow the sound absorption material with good structural strength and stability, the sound absorption material can bear large external force impact, wind pressure and self-weight load, and the sound absorption effect is good. And the sound screen barrier can be reliably used for a long time in an outdoor severe environment and is not easy to deform, crack and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sound barrier sound absorbing materials, and in particular to a sound barrier sound absorbing material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of urban and transportation infrastructure, industrial noise, road traffic noise, and construction noise are becoming increasingly serious, affecting people's daily lives. The issue of noise control has attracted close attention from the whole society, and effective protection against noise pollution has become a social and environmental issue that urgently needs to be paid attention to and resolved.

[0003] Setting up a sound-absorbing soundproof screen is an effective method of sound absorption and noise reduction. The soundproof panels provided by the prior art are mostly made of concrete or metal hollow plate structures, filled with sound-absorbing materials such as glass wool and rock wool. The outer shell of the soundproof panel is not soundproof, and the installation and use are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The vibration generated by the sound can only be transmitted to the sound-absorbing material in the middle, which is absorbed by the sound-absorbing material to achieve the effect of noise reduction. At the same time, sound-absorbing materials such as glass wool have a limited service life, and the fine particles produced by weathering during use seriously pollute the environment.

[0004] Compared with traditional sound-absorbing materials, porous sound-absorbing materials have their unique advantages, especially porous ceramic materials, which have the characteristics of three-dimensional network structure, fire resistance, weather resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and shock resistance. Foamed ceramics are a high-porosity ceramic material with a three-dimensional space grid structure. It has excellent properties such as light weight and high strength, fire resistance and moisture resistance, good mechanical strength and chemical stability. It has broad application prospects in heat insulation, sound insulation, wave absorption, catalyst carriers, etc.

[0005] Patent document CN117623801A provides a foamed ceramic sound-absorbing and sound-insulating material prepared from solid waste and a preparation method thereof. The method realizes a three-dimensional interconnected pore structure with both open and closed pores through the synergistic matching of a foaming agent and a pore-forming agent, thereby having excellent sound absorption and sound insulation effects. The material has a high porosity and can effectively consume sound energy, while having good durability and corrosion resistance. However, its strength is relatively weak and it is easily damaged during use.

[0006] Therefore, developing sound barrier materials that have both good strength and sound absorption effects is the current research and development focus of the industry. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention utilizes the characteristics of high strength and good durability of rock slabs, and the excellent sound absorption characteristics of foamed ceramics, and organically combines the two to prepare sound barrier sound absorbing materials, which can achieve complementary advantages, improve the comprehensive performance of sound barriers, and better meet the needs of noise reduction. In order to achieve the above effect, the present invention provides a sound barrier sound absorbing material, characterized in that the sound barrier sound absorbing material includes natural rock particles, inorganic binders, spherical foamed ceramic materials and reinforcing fibers, wherein the mass ratio of natural rock particles to spherical foamed ceramic materials is 2 to 4:1.

[0008] Furthermore, the porosity of the spherical foamed ceramic material is 80%-95%, the apparent porosity is 14%-30%, and the average particle size is 0.5cm-1cm.

[0009] Furthermore, the spherical foamed ceramic material is obtained by taking kaolin as the main component, adding appropriate amounts of bentonite, quartz sand, foaming agent and foam stabilizer, and mixing these raw materials uniformly and then sintering them at high temperature.

[0010] Furthermore, in the preparation of the foaming material, by mass, kaolin accounts for 60%-70%, bentonite accounts for 10%-15%, quartz sand accounts for 15%-20%, the foaming agent accounts for 3%-6%, and the foam stabilizer accounts for 1%-3%.

[0011] Furthermore, the foaming agent is silicon carbide; and the foam stabilizing agent is calcium phosphate.

[0012] Furthermore, the reinforcing fiber is one or more of glass fiber, polyester fiber, and basalt fiber; the inorganic binder is one or a mixture of cement and sodium silicate. Glass fiber, polyester fiber, and basalt fiber have high tensile strength and can withstand large loads. Compared with metal materials, these fibers have a lower density and can reduce the weight of the overall structure. These fibers have good tolerance to chemicals and environmental factors (such as water, acid, alkali, etc.), are not easy to corrode, and can maintain their physical properties at higher temperatures, suitable for high temperature environments, and can be formed through a variety of processes (such as pultrusion, molding, etc.) to meet different design requirements. Adding glass fiber to the sound barrier can significantly improve the stability and strength of the granular rock board.

[0013] Furthermore, the high temperature calcination temperature is 1100-1200° C., and the calcination time is 3-5 hours.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the sound barrier sound absorbing material as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1, firstly, kaolin is used as the main component, and an appropriate amount of bentonite, quartz sand, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer are added, the raw materials are evenly mixed and poured into a spherical mold, the green body is pressed into a spherical shape, and then sintered at a high temperature to obtain a spherical foamed ceramic material;

[0016] S2, putting natural rock particles and inorganic binder into a mixer and mixing them evenly;

[0017] S3, adding the spherical foamed ceramic material and reinforcing fiber prepared in S1 to the mixture in step S2 and continuing to mix evenly to obtain a sound barrier sound absorbing material.

[0018] The present invention also provides a use of the sound barrier sound absorbing material as described above or the sound barrier sound absorbing material prepared by the method as described above in a sound barrier.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sound barrier, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1, molding and pressing: pour the mixed sound barrier sound absorbing material into the mold, and use hydraulic press and other equipment to perform high temperature and high pressure molding and pressing;

[0021] S2, curing and curing: take out the pressed sound barrier board from the mold and place it in a curing room for curing and curing. The pressing temperature is set at 150-250℃ and the pressure is 10-30MPa; the curing temperature is maintained at 20-30℃, the humidity is 60-80%, and the curing time is 7-14 days.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention solves the problem that although traditional foamed ceramic materials have good sound absorption, their strength is relatively weak and they are easily damaged during use. The present invention organically combines the structural strength and stability of natural rock materials with foamed ceramic materials to prepare sound barrier sound absorption materials, realizes complementary advantages, improves the comprehensive performance of the sound barrier, and better meets the noise reduction requirements;

[0024] (2) The present invention prepares foamed ceramics into spheres, and utilizes the high porosity, high dispersity and three-dimensional structure of the spherical particles to fully absorb and scatter sound waves of different frequencies, thereby effectively reducing noise propagation. At the same time, natural rock materials are used to give the sound-absorbing material good structural strength and stability, which can withstand large external impacts, wind pressure and deadweight loads, thereby ensuring that the sound barrier can be used reliably for a long time in harsh outdoor environments and is not prone to deformation, cracking and other damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 : is a picture of the spherical foamed ceramic prepared by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections.

[0029] In order to simplify the drawings, only the parts related to the present invention are schematically shown in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the parts with the same structure or function is schematically drawn or marked. In this article, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".

[0030] It should be further understood that the term “and / or” used in the specification and appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0031] In the embodiments shown in the drawings, the indications of directions (such as up, down, left, right, front and back) used to explain the structure and movement of the various components of the present invention are not absolute but relative. These descriptions are appropriate when these components are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the descriptions of the positions of these components change, the indications of these directions also change accordingly.

[0032] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] Preparation method of spherical foamed ceramics:

[0036] Raw material preparation: Select appropriate raw materials and mix them in a certain proportion. Kaolin accounts for 60%-70%, bentonite accounts for 10%-15%, quartz sand accounts for 15%-20%, silicon carbide accounts for 3%-6%, and calcium phosphate accounts for 1%-3%.

[0037] Grinding and sieving: Grind kaolin, bentonite, quartz sand and calcium phosphate with a ball mill and sieve to obtain a mixture with the required fineness.

[0038] Mixing: Mix the ground raw materials with silicon carbide thoroughly.

[0039] Wet grinding: Add appropriate amount of water and continue wet grinding in the ball mill for a period of time to mix the materials evenly.

[0040] Granulation: The wet-ground material is placed in a spray granulation drying equipment for spray granulation to obtain a blank with a certain moisture content.

[0041] Molding: Pour the blank into a spherical mold and obtain a spherical embryo by pressing or other methods.

[0042] High temperature sintering: Place the mold containing the blank into an electric furnace for high temperature sintering at a sintering temperature of 1100°C for 4 hours.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the specific sintering process may include different heating stages and holding times, and the heating rate and holding temperature may vary according to the formula and product requirements. For example, the temperature may be raised to a certain temperature at a lower heating rate, and then kept for a period of time before continuing to rise to the sintering temperature and being kept for an appropriate period of time.

[0044] Cooling: After sintering, the spherical foamed ceramic material is obtained by cooling the furnace.

[0045] Figure 1 This is the spherical foamed ceramic material prepared in this embodiment. It can be seen that the particle size of the spherical foamed ceramic is relatively uniform after being formed by the template, and the spherical surface has a porous structure and can effectively absorb sound.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] Preparation method of ordinary foamed ceramic material:

[0048] Compared with Example 1, the molding step is not performed, and the other steps are the same as those of Example 1.

[0049] Embodiment 3:

[0050] Preparation of sound barrier:

[0051] Granite was selected as the raw material of natural rock particles, which were crushed and screened to obtain particles with a particle size between 0.5 mm and 5 mm. 200 kg of granite particles were weighed, and then an inorganic binder was weighed in a ratio of cement: sodium silicate = 3:1, wherein cement was 9 kg and sodium silicate was 3 kg. Then 100 kg of spherical foamed ceramic material with an average particle size between 0.5 cm and 1 cm and 2 kg of glass fiber were weighed.

[0052] Mixing and stirring embodiment:

[0053] Put the weighed granite particles, cement, sodium silicate, spherical foamed ceramic material, glass fiber, waterproofing agent and plasticizer into a mixer, set the stirring time to 15 minutes, and mix and stir thoroughly until a mixture with a certain plasticity is formed.

[0054] Molding and pressing example:

[0055] The mixed material is poured into a mold with the size set to 1.5m long, 0.8m wide and 0.1m thick. The mold is pressed by a hydraulic press at high temperature and high pressure, with the pressing temperature set to 200°C and the pressure set to 20MPa, to form a sound barrier board that meets the size requirements.

[0056] Curing and curing embodiment:

[0057] The pressed sound barrier board is taken out of the mold and placed in a curing room. The curing temperature is maintained at 25°C and the humidity is 70%. The curing time is 10 days to ensure that the performance of the granular rock board reaches the best state.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] Compared with Example 3, the added mass of the spherical foamed ceramic material is 50 kg, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] Compared with Example 3, the added mass of the spherical foamed ceramic material is 200 kg, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0062] Example 6

[0063] Compared with Example 3, the added mass of the spherical foamed ceramic material is 25 kg, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Compared with Example 3, no spherical foamed ceramic material is added, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] Compared with Example 3, ordinary foamed ceramic material is added, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 3.

[0068] According to the testing standards: "JT / T646.4-2016, Highway Sound Barrier Part 4: Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Acoustic Materials" and "GB / T 17657-2013, Physical and Chemical Properties Tests for Building Materials", impact resistance tests, volume insulation and noise reduction coefficient measurements were carried out, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Flexural strength NRC R Example 3 35MPa 0.88 55db Example 4 36MPa 0.86 54db Example 5 29MPa 0.89 56db Example 6 37MPa 0.82 51db Comparative Example 1 38MPa 0.70 47db Comparative Example 2 35MPa 0.73 51db

[0070] By comparing Examples 3-6 with Comparative Example 1, it can be found that the sound barrier with the addition of spherical foamed ceramic material has a stronger sound insulation effect. By comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 2, it can be found that the sound insulation effect of the sound barrier with the addition of spherical foamed ceramic material is significantly enhanced compared with the sound insulation effect of ordinary foamed ceramic material. This is because the foamed ceramic is prepared into a sphere, and the high porosity and high dispersity of the spherical particles and the three-dimensional structure of the spherical particles are utilized to fully absorb and scatter sound waves of different frequencies, effectively reduce noise propagation, and can better improve the sound insulation effect. By comparing Examples 3-6, it can be seen that although the sound insulation effect is enhanced when the content of spherical foamed ceramic material is high, the flexural strength of the sound barrier is sacrificed. When the content of natural rock particles is large, the strength is guaranteed, but the sound insulation effect is sacrificed. Only when the mass ratio of natural rock particles to spherical foamed ceramic materials is in the range of 2 to 4:1, the sound barrier is in the best state in terms of both flexural strength and sound insulation. Within this range, the spherical foamed ceramic material can make the absorption of sound waves more uniform, improve the noise reduction effect of the granular rock board while taking into account the strength of the sound barrier, so as to complement each other's advantages, improve the comprehensive performance of the sound barrier, and better meet the noise reduction needs.

[0071] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sound barrier sound absorbing material, characterized in that: The sound barrier sound absorbing material comprises natural rock particles, inorganic binder, spherical foamed ceramic material and reinforcing fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the natural rock particles to the spherical foamed ceramic material is 2 to 4:

1.

2. The sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porosity of the spherical foamed ceramic material is 80%-95%, the apparent porosity is 14%-30%, and the average particle size is 0.5cm-1cm.

3. The sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spherical foamed ceramic material is mainly composed of kaolin, and proper amounts of bentonite, quartz sand, foaming agent and foam stabilizer are added. The raw materials are mixed evenly and then sintered at high temperature to obtain the spherical foamed ceramic material.

4. The sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claim 3, characterized in that: In terms of mass, kaolin accounts for 60%-70%, bentonite accounts for 10%-15%, quartz sand accounts for 15%-20%, foaming agent accounts for 3%-6%, and foam stabilizer accounts for 1%-3%.

5. The sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The foaming agent is silicon carbide; the foam stabilizing agent is calcium phosphate.

6. The sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fiber is one or more of glass fiber, polyester fiber and basalt fiber; the inorganic binder is one or a mixture of cement and sodium silicate.

7. The sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high temperature calcination temperature is 1100-1200°C, and the calcination time is 3-5 hours.

8. A method for preparing the sound barrier sound absorbing material according to claims 1-7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, firstly, kaolin is used as the main component, and an appropriate amount of bentonite, quartz sand, a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer are added, the raw materials are evenly mixed and poured into a spherical mold, the green body is pressed into a spherical shape, and then sintered at a high temperature to obtain a spherical foamed ceramic material; S2, putting natural rock particles and inorganic binder into a mixer and mixing them evenly; S3, adding the spherical foamed ceramic material and reinforcing fiber prepared in S1 to the mixture in step S2 and continuing to mix evenly to obtain a sound barrier sound absorbing material.

9. Use of the sound barrier sound absorbing material as described in claims 1 to 7 or the sound barrier sound absorbing material prepared by the method as described in claim 8 in a sound barrier.

10. A method for preparing the sound barrier according to claim 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, molding and pressing: pour the mixed sound barrier sound absorbing material into the mold, and use hydraulic press and other equipment to perform high temperature and high pressure molding and pressing; S2, curing and curing: take out the pressed sound barrier board from the mold and place it in a curing room for curing and curing. The pressing temperature is set at 150-250℃ and the pressure is 10-30MPa; the curing temperature is maintained at 20-30℃, the humidity is 60-80%, and the curing time is 7-14 days.

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