Synergistic solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for efficient soil improvement and soil improvement method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a synergistically applied solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for efficient soil improvement and a soil improvement method.The synergistically applied solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component comprises straw, straw pyroligneous liquor, phanerochaete chrysosporium fungicide, straw biochar, compound bacterial liquid, biogas slurry and organic fertilizer, and the compound bacterial liquid contains bacillus, trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; the preparation method comprises the following steps: igniting straws, carrying out in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment in an anoxic environment to obtain straw biochar, and during use, respectively mixing straw pyroligneous liquor with a phanerochaete chrysosporium microbial inoculum, mixing an organic fertilizer with the straw biochar, and mixing a composite bacterial liquid with biogas slurry. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component disclosed by the invention is used for soil improvement, and straws subjected to synergistic treatment of straw pyroligneous liquor and phanerochaete chrysosporium are synergistically applied with an organic fertilizer, straw biochar and biogas slurry, so that the soil structure can be remarkably improved, the organic matter content of soil is increased, and the water retention and fertilizer retention capacities are improved; and the quality of crops growing on the improved soil can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for efficient soil improvement based on the coordinated application of straw, organic fertilizer, biochar and biogas slurry, and a soil improvement method. Background Art

[0002] my country has 1.918 billion mu of cultivated land, accounting for about 13.3% of the country's land area, and the total amount of cultivated land ranks fourth in the world. Although the total amount is large, the overall quality of my country's cultivated land is obviously low. The area of ​​high-quality land is less than 3% of the country's cultivated land area, and most of it is medium-quality land, accounting for more than 50%. Therefore, how to improve the quality of cultivated land and solve the current problems of insufficient soil organic matter and nutrient loss are the key to restricting crop production and sustainable development. Although the current soil improvement technology has a certain effect, it still has certain limitations. Common soil improvement methods such as the simple application of chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers can improve soil fertility in the short term, but in the long run, the cost of chemical fertilizers is high and excessive application of chemical fertilizers will bring serious negative effects such as salinization and compaction to the soil. Therefore, to achieve sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary not only to improve soil fertility and improve the structural composition of the soil, but also to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to provide plants with a relatively safe growth environment.

[0003] As a major agricultural country, my country is rich in straw resources, producing about 900 million tons of crop straw every year. Applying its resource to soil improvement has good development prospects in improving soil quality and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Returning straw to the field can not only increase the content of soil organic matter and the conversion efficiency of soil organic matter, but also increase soil fertility with elements such as N, P, and K in the straw, while effectively improving soil structure and improving soil water infiltration and water retention capacity. However, since straw contains a large amount of difficult-to-degrade organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, the natural degradation rate of straw is slow and the utilization rate is low, which makes the efficient resource utilization of straw an urgent problem to be solved. Although existing straw treatment technologies such as biodegradation and composting can partially solve this problem, they still face problems such as low treatment efficiency and high cost.

[0004] The prior art "Straw plow layer fermentation return method and the bacterial agent used therein" discloses a decomposition bacterial agent for straw plow layer fermentation return, the active ingredients of which are Bacillus pumilus and Achromobacterium, and the active ingredients of the functional microbial remodeling bacterial agent are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Although the decomposition bacterial agent and the functional microbial remodeling bacterial agent can promote the decomposition of straw and the growth of the next crop, they often cannot provide balanced nutrients in different soil environments, and have limited effect on improving soil quality. In addition, the separation and identification process of these bacterial agents is cumbersome, and the application process requires relatively complex management and control, which further affects their actual application effect.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of straw resource utilization and use agricultural biomass such as composite microbial agents, straw wood vinegar, straw biochar, organic fertilizer, and biogas slurry to synergistically improve soil fertility, structure, and water and fertilizer retention capacity has become a key issue that needs to be solved in soil improvement technology. Most existing soil improvement technologies rely on a single component or method, fail to effectively combine multiple beneficial components and agricultural biomass, and lack comprehensive consideration of different soil types and crop needs. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems in the prior art that the soil improvement effect is poor by simply using a certain soil improvement component or improvement method, and the impact on the quality of crops grown on the improved soil is still unclear, thereby proposing a solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component and a soil improvement method for synergistic application of efficient soil improvement. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component uses straw as a main raw material, and the straw wood vinegar and Phanerochaete chrysosporium synergistically decompose the straw, accelerate the decomposition of the straw and release the available organic matter in the soil, and use the straw biochar prepared by a specific method to improve the soil structure and reduce fertilizer loss, and at the same time, a composite bacterial liquid containing Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is used in combination, which not only improves the nitrogen fixation capacity of the soil, but also enhances the disease resistance and nutrient absorption capacity of the crop root system, and provides comprehensive microbial support for crop growth. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention is used to improve the soil, and in the base fertilizer stage, the straw that has been synergistically treated with the straw wood vinegar and Phanerochaete chrysosporium is synergistically applied with organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry, which can significantly improve the soil structure, increase the soil organic matter content, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improve the quality of crops grown on the improved soil.

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement, the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component comprising straw, straw wood vinegar, Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculant, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid, biogas slurry and organic fertilizer, wherein the composite bacterial liquid contains Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria;

[0008] When in use, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum is prepared into a Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid, and the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid is mixed with a straw wood vinegar liquid to obtain a straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid, and the straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid is sprayed on the crushed straw, and the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid is evenly distributed in the soil for returning to the field treatment to obtain the soil after the returning to the field treatment, wherein the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar liquid to the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid is 100-150:1;

[0009] The straw biochar preparation process is as follows: evenly spreading the straw on the soil after returning to the field, igniting the straw, and subjecting the straw to an in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment in an anoxic environment to obtain the straw biochar;

[0010] When in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form a biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the returning to field treatment, and finally the soil after the returning to field treatment mixed with the organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry is plowed to evenly mix the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil.

[0011] Preferably, the total content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 30-50%, the content of organic acid compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 2-15%, the content of phenolic compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 20-40%, and the content of ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 1-3%; the concentration of the straw wood vinegar is 0.01-0.02%, and the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0-6.0;

[0012] When used, the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent is allowed to stand at 26-36°C for 6-12 days, and sterile water is added to obtain the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid, in which the content of live bacteria is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / mL.

[0013] Preferably, per acre of land, the mass of the straw wood vinegar solution is 1-4% of the mass of the straw.

[0014] Preferably, the straw biochar is treated by in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization, and the preparation process is as follows: the straw is evenly spread on the soil after the field return treatment, the straw is ignited, and covered with 1-8 mm of soil, and in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment is carried out in anoxic environment at a temperature of 360-560°C, the combustion time is 0.5-1.5 min, and the specific surface area is 8.83-20.56 m 2 / g of straw biochar; the mass ratio of the straw biochar to organic fertilizer per mu of land is 0.5-1:1.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite bacterial solution comprises: firstly cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a culture medium containing straw, cultivating Bacillus in the culture medium after cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria for 1 to 2 days, cultivating Trichoderma in the culture medium after cultivating Bacillus for 1 to 2 days, and then cultivating the mixed bacterial solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus and Trichoderma for 5 to 8 days, the temperature for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating Bacillus and cultivating Trichoderma is 26 to 36°C, the pH value for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating Bacillus and cultivating Trichoderma is 6.0 to 7.0, the mass ratio of Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 3 to 4:1 to 2:1; the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL; the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas liquid per mu of land is 1:1000-1200.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention provides a soil improvement method using the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components described above, the method comprising:

[0017] Cultivating a Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum into a Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid, mixing the Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid with a straw wood vinegar liquid to obtain a straw wood vinegar liquid, spraying the straw wood vinegar liquid on crushed straw, and evenly distributing the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid in the soil for returning to the field, thereby obtaining soil after the returning to the field treatment;

[0018] When in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form a biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the returning to field treatment, and finally the soil after the returning to field treatment mixed with the organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry is plowed to evenly mix the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil.

[0019] Preferably, the specific method of culturing the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent into the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid is: the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent is allowed to stand at 26~36 ℃ for 6~12 days, and sterile water is added to obtain the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid, in which the content of live bacteria is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / mL;

[0020] The concentration of the straw wood vinegar is 0.01-0.02%, the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0-6.0; and the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar to the Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid is 100-150:1.

[0021] Preferably, the mass of the straw wood vinegar liquid is 1-4% of the mass of the straw per acre of land;

[0022] The specific operation of evenly distributing the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar and bacterial liquid in the soil for returning to the field treatment is: turning the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar and bacterial liquid into the soil to a depth of 3 to 10 cm and leaving it to stand for 5 to 10 days.

[0023] Preferably, the straw biochar is treated by in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization, and the preparation process is as follows: the straw is evenly spread on the soil after the field return treatment, the straw is ignited, and covered with 1-8 mm of soil, and in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment is carried out in anoxic environment at a temperature of 360-560°C, the combustion time is 0.5-1.5 min, and the specific surface area is 8.83-20.56 m 2 / g of straw biochar; per mu of land, the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is 0.5-1:1, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar, and the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the field return treatment;

[0024] The preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid comprises: firstly cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a culture medium containing straw, cultivating bacillus in the culture medium after cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria for 1 to 2 days, cultivating trichoderma in the culture medium after cultivating the bacillus for 1 to 2 days, and then cultivating a mixed bacterial liquid containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacillus and trichoderma for 5 to 8 days, the temperature for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating bacillus and cultivating trichoderma is 26 to 36°C, the pH value for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating bacillus and cultivating trichoderma is 6.0 to 7.0, the mass ratio of bacillus, trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 3 to 4:1 to 2:1, the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial liquid is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL, per mu of land, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas slurry is 1:1000-1200, and the biogas slurry and bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after returning to the field treatment.

[0025] Preferably, the method further comprises: finally plowing the soil after the field treatment mixed with organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry, with the plowing depth being 15 to 30 cm, so that the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil are evenly mixed, sowing is carried out after being placed for 3 to 8 days, and after sowing, the biogas slurry is applied as topdressing in batches at different growth stages of the crops.

[0026] The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component and soil improvement method for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement described in the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) In the present invention, the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component used for soil improvement uses straw as the main raw material, and the straw wood vinegar having a certain content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds can effectively promote the rapid decomposition of straw in the soil, and adjust the pH of the soil, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, and at the same time increase the soil nutrient release rate, which is helpful for crop absorption. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component can promote the decomposition of straw and the conversion of organic matter. The chrysosporium chrysosporium and the wood vinegar synergistically treat the straw, making full use of the straw. The acidic environment of wood vinegar enhances the activity of bacterial agents, accelerates the degradation and decomposition of organic components in straw wood fiber, speeds up the decomposition of straw and releases available organic matter in the soil; the straw biochar produced by in-situ anaerobic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization of straw is used to improve soil structure, absorb slow-release nutrient components, and reduce fertilizer loss. The compound bacterial solution containing Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is used in combination, which not only improves the soil's nitrogen-fixing capacity, but also enhances the disease resistance and nutrient absorption capacity of crop roots, providing comprehensive microbial support for crop growth;

[0028] (2) The soil improvement method of the present invention uses the straw treated with straw wood vinegar and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in synergistic application with organic fertilizer, biochar and biogas slurry in the basal fertilizer stage, which can significantly improve the soil structure, increase the soil organic matter content, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improve the quality of crops grown on the improved soil, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by 30-50%, increase the soil organic carbon content, increase crop yields, and significantly improve soil fertility and the proportion of 0.25-2 mm fine and large aggregate structures, which is suitable for planting crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans and rapeseed;

[0029] (3) Under the preferred conditions, the contents of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar in the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer are reasonably regulated, and the straw wood vinegar is diluted to a certain concentration and pH value, so that the chrysosporium original hairy leather liquid with a certain live bacteria content has a higher activity in the straw wood vinegar at the concentration and pH value, ensuring the synergistic effect of the wood vinegar and the microorganisms, thereby promoting the effective decomposition of the straw; in the process of preparing the composite bacterial liquid, a certain proportion of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus and Trichoderma are cultivated in stages to avoid mutual inhibition between the strains due to different growth rates, so that the activity of each strain is fully exerted, and the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention is used to improve the soil, which is beneficial to increase the plant height and stem thickness of the crop plants, and can significantly increase the crop yield and leaf nitrogen content, while the N, P and K contents in the grains are also increased;

[0030] (4) In-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment can efficiently convert straw into biochar, which not only saves energy and reduces consumption, but also maintains the organic matter in the straw and avoids the loss of a large amount of organic matter in the traditional incineration process. This process is carried out in an oxygen-deficient environment at 360-560°C, which helps to reduce the release of harmful substances and effectively increase the specific surface area of ​​biochar (8.83-20.56 m 2 / g), thereby enhancing its effect on soil improvement. Secondly, straw biochar has strong adsorption, which can absorb harmful substances in the soil, improve soil structure, improve soil aeration and water retention capacity, and enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. In addition, straw biochar has a positive effect on increasing soil organic matter, can promote microbial activity, and thus improve soil biological activity, improve soil properties, improve crop growth quality, and increase crop yield and quality;

[0031] (5) Biogas slurry is rich in organic matter and nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). When used as topdressing, the biogas slurry is diluted in batches to avoid the rapid loss of nutrients and continuously provide crops with easily absorbed liquid fertilizer to make up for the lack of fertilizer in the soil. The liquid form of biogas slurry makes nutrients easy to be absorbed by plant roots, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizer. At the same time, biogas slurry is rich in organic matter and nutrients, which can provide a rich source of nutrients for microorganisms in the soil, promote the activities of microbial communities, enhance the biological activity of the soil, and thus improve the fertility of the soil. The organic matter and trace elements in biogas slurry help to enhance the stress resistance of crops, especially under adverse conditions such as drought, high temperature or pests and diseases, which can improve the resistance and recovery ability of crops, reduce growth obstacles, and ensure the healthy growth of crops;

[0032] (6) The synergistic application of solid and liquid fertilizer components significantly improves soil fertility. Through reasonable proportions and multi-stage fertilization, the total nitrogen application rate is optimized to 300-400 kg / ha / season, which effectively avoids the soil compaction and environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer in traditional fertilization, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency. Secondly, the synergistic application of straw, organic fertilizer, biochar and biogas slurry in the basal fertilizer stage can significantly improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity. In particular, the application of biochar not only prolongs the soil nutrient release cycle, but also promotes microbial activity through its porous structure, thereby enhancing the function of the soil ecosystem. Reducing the application of compound fertilizer by 30-50% can reduce fertilizer costs while ensuring fertilizer efficiency, achieving a balance between economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The present invention is a process flow chart of a soil improvement method for synergistically applying solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components for efficient soil improvement according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0035] Through research, the inventors found that straw needs to be crushed before returning to the field to improve its decomposition efficiency in the soil. Crushing can effectively reduce the volume of straw and facilitate returning to the field. The crushed straw can quickly react with microorganisms in the soil to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrients.

[0036] After dilution, wood vinegar is weakly acidic and rich in organic acid compounds (such as acetic acid, formic acid, etc.). It can promote the rapid decomposition of straw in the soil, and regulate the pH of the soil through the organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and other substances it contains. At the same time, it inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms and effectively reduces the occurrence of soil diseases. It can also promote the degradation of straw lignin and the release of organic matter through the decomposition of phenolic compounds and ester compounds, thereby increasing the soil nutrient release rate and facilitating crop absorption.

[0037] Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a well-known white-rot fungus with a strong ability to degrade lignin. It can enter the cell cavity of wood and secrete a large amount of lignin-degrading enzymes. The pH range of 4.0-6.0 is the optimal activity range of the lignin-degrading enzymes of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Under this condition, the enzyme activity is relatively high, especially lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), which can effectively decompose the lignin in the straw, thereby destroying the lignin-cellulose complex, causing the wood to rot into white spongy groups, releasing cellulose and hemicellulose, improving the biodegradability of the straw, and promoting straw composting and organic matter conversion. Certain metabolites produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (such as peroxides) have certain antibacterial effects during the decomposition process, which can inhibit the growth of pathogens and significantly optimize the microbial environment for straw reuse.

[0038] Mixing wood vinegar with Phanerochaete chrysosporium to synergistically degrade straw and ensure that the action time in the soil is more than 5 to 10 days can not only make full use of the acidic environment of wood vinegar, greatly improve the degradation efficiency of lignin and cellulose, accelerate the decomposition of straw and release available organic matter in the soil, but also certain metabolites produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (such as peroxides) have certain antibacterial effects during the decomposition process, which can further inhibit the growth of pathogens.

[0039] The straw is converted into straw biochar by in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization. The straw biochar has a high specific surface area. During the carbonization process, the hydrophobicity is significantly enhanced and the K element is enriched, which is not only beneficial to improve the soil structure, but also enhances the soil's water retention and fertilizer retention and reduces fertilizer loss.

[0040] Bacillus has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization. Trichoderma can produce a variety of active substances with antibacterial effects, effectively improving the stress resistance of crops. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can fix nitrogen in the air and degrade residual fertilizers and organic pollutants in the soil. The synergistic effect of the three can not only improve the soil's nitrogen fixation capacity, but also enhance the disease resistance and nutrient absorption capacity of crop roots, improve the ecological function of the soil, and provide comprehensive microbial support for crop growth.

[0041] Biogas slurry is rich in small molecule organic matter such as amino acids, ribose, auxin, gibberellins, unsaturated fatty acids, etc. Compared with solid fertilizers, it is more conducive to the soil to evenly absorb nutrients. While improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, it can also avoid burning seedlings due to excessive nutrient content in the soil. As a supplementary substance, organic fertilizer can be applied in small amounts to make up for the lack of nutrients and other minerals in the soil, maintain the nutrient balance in the soil, and provide a more suitable growth environment for crops.

[0042] The present invention innovatively combines straw wood vinegar, Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculant, straw biochar, organic fertilizer, composite bacterial solution, biogas slurry and other components to improve soil structure and increase organic matter content while effectively promoting the decomposition of straw and the release of organic matter. By adopting the application method of "solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer components", the present invention can not only improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, enhance the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, but also improve the growth quality of crops, providing a new solution for sustainable agricultural development.

[0043] The first aspect of the present invention provides a solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement, the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component comprising straw, straw wood vinegar, Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculant, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid, biogas slurry and organic fertilizer, wherein the composite bacterial liquid contains Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria;

[0044] When in use, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum is prepared into a Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid, and the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid is mixed with a straw wood vinegar liquid to obtain a straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid, and the straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid is sprayed on the crushed straw, and the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid is evenly distributed in the soil for returning to the field treatment to obtain the soil after the returning to the field treatment, wherein the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar liquid to the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid is 100-150:1;

[0045] The straw biochar preparation process is as follows: evenly spreading the straw on the soil after returning to the field, igniting the straw, and subjecting the straw to an in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment in an anoxic environment to obtain the straw biochar;

[0046] When in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form a biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the returning to field treatment, and finally the soil after the returning to field treatment mixed with the organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry is plowed to evenly mix the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil.

[0047] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, the straw is crushed to 3-5 cm, and the straw can be one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw and soybean straw.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, the total content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 30-50%. For example, the total content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar can be 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50%. When the total content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is less than 30%, its effect of promoting straw decomposition and inhibiting bacteria is significantly reduced. When the total content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is greater than 50%, it may cause soil acid-base imbalance and may be toxic to crops.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, in the straw wood vinegar, the content of the organic acid compound is 2-15%, the content of the phenolic compound is 20-40%, and the content of the ester compound is 1-3%. Specifically, the organic acid compound is one or more of acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid, the phenolic compound is phenol, and the ester compound is furfural and / or vanillin.

[0050] In this article, the straw wood vinegar can be selected from conventional agricultural wood vinegar, such as Shandong Hengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (model: QWAS, item number: 47), Jinan Xinran Chemical (item number: 230504), Shandong Xiaohe Biotechnology (item number: xh-12), and Jinan Fuqiao Chemical (item number: MCY715).

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, in order to avoid excessive stimulation or damage to crops by straw wood vinegar, and to make the lignin degrading enzyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a better activity range, thereby promoting the rapid decomposition of straw stubble in the soil and adjusting the soil pH, the original wood vinegar needs to be diluted when returning to the field, and the dilution multiple is 300 to 500 times, and the specific multiple depends on the tolerance of the crop and the soil condition. The concentration of the active ingredient of the straw wood vinegar after dilution is 0.01 to 0.02%, for example, the concentration of the straw wood vinegar is 0.01%, 0.015% or 0.02%, and the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0 to 6.0, for example, the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0, 5.0 or 6.0.

[0052] In this article, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium agent is purchased, as long as the Phanerochaete chrysosporium agent can secrete lignin degrading enzymes, effectively degrade lignin, and accelerate the decomposition efficiency of straw in the soil. For example, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium agent can be selected from Mingzhou Biotechnology (BMZ142393, BMZ138924, BMZ020880) and Testo Biotechnology (TS306172, TS325529).

[0053] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, when used, the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent is statically cultured in a constant temperature box at 26-36°C for 6-12 days, and sterile water is added to obtain the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid, in which the content of live bacteria is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / mL, for example, the viable bacteria content is 10 6 CFU / mL, 10 7 CFU / mL or 10 8 CFU / mL, when the viable bacteria content in the chrysosporium original hair leather liquid is less than 10 6 CFU / mL, the effect of promoting straw degradation is not obvious, and the content of live bacteria is greater than 10 8 CFU / mL, it may cause soil-borne diseases and attack crops from the roots or stems.

[0054] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, when in use, the straw wood vinegar and the chrysosporium original hairy leather liquid synergistically decompose the straw, the chrysosporium original hairy leather liquid and the straw wood vinegar are mixed (under room temperature conditions) to obtain the straw wood vinegar liquid, the straw wood vinegar liquid is sprayed on the crushed straw, and the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid is returned to the field, wherein the straw wood vinegar and the chrysosporium original hairy leather liquid are mixed (under room temperature conditions) to obtain the straw wood vinegar liquid, and the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid is returned to the field, wherein the straw wood vinegar and the chrysosporium original hairy leather liquid are mixed (under room temperature conditions) to obtain the straw wood vinegar liquid, and the straw wood vinegar liquid is sprayed on the straw The volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar to the chrysosporium hairy leather fungus liquid is 100-150:1. Specifically, the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar to the chrysosporium hairy leather fungus liquid can be 100:1, 120:1 or 150:1. When the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar to the chrysosporium hairy leather fungus liquid is less than 100:1, the antibacterial ability is insufficient. When the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar to the chrysosporium hairy leather fungus liquid is greater than 150:1, the acidity is too high, which is not conducive to the growth of the chrysosporium hairy leather fungus.

[0055] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, on each acre of land, the mass of the straw wood vinegar bacteria liquid is 1-4% of the mass of the straw, for example, it can be 1%, 2%, 3% or 4%. When the mass of the straw wood vinegar bacteria liquid is less than 1% of the mass of the straw, the straw is not fully degraded. When the mass of the straw wood vinegar bacteria liquid is greater than 4% of the mass of the straw, it may cause soil acidification and is not conducive to cost control.

[0056] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, in the process of preparing the straw biochar, an in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment is used to ignite the long straw after drying. Specifically, the long straw (the straw length is 50 to 120 cm) is evenly spread on the soil after returning to the field, and the straw is ignited at a temperature of 360 to 560°C, a burning time of 0.5 to 1.5 minutes, and a surface temperature not exceeding 70°C. A layer of 1 to 8 mm of soil is immediately covered on the surface of the straw to isolate the air so that it undergoes incomplete combustion heat treatment in an oxygen-deficient environment. In this article, incomplete combustion heat treatment refers to allowing the straw to not be completely burned during instantaneous combustion, and the burnout ratio can also be controlled to 80% to 90% by partially covering the soil, so that the straw is partially carbonized and some unburned straw is retained.

[0057] In this paper, the specific surface area of ​​the straw biochar is 8.83-20.56 m 2 / g, the biochar generated by in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization has a high specific surface area and can be stably present in the soil for a long time, which not only improves the soil structure, but also increases the soil's water holding capacity and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and reduces fertilizer loss. When the specific surface area of ​​the straw biochar is less than 8.83m 2 / g, it cannot effectively improve soil structure and increase soil porosity. When the specific surface area of ​​the straw biochar is greater than 20.56m 2 / g, it may increase its impurity content and reduce its adsorption capacity.

[0058] In the specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, the organic fertilizer is a conventional choice in the art, and the organic fertilizer contains organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macroelements and trace elements such as iron and nickel, as well as organic acid compounds, humus and other biologically active substances. For example, the organic fertilizer can be Zhenxing (HA-02) and Youshengbei (01).

[0059] In the specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, when in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar (under room temperature), so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the field treatment, and the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer per mu of land is 0.5 to 1:1, for example, it can be 0.5:1, 0.75:1 or 1:1. When the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is less than 0.5:1, there is too much fertilizer and the purpose of weight loss cannot be achieved. When the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is greater than 1:1, it cannot meet the needs of nutrients and other minerals lacking in the soil.

[0060] Herein, the Bacillus is purchased, as long as the Bacillus has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization, etc. For example, the Bacillus can be selected from Mingzhou Biotechnology (B12039), Huizao Biotechnology (HZB112205), and Testo Biotechnology (TS276952).

[0061] In this article, the Trichoderma is purchased, as long as the Trichoderma can produce a variety of active substances with antibacterial effects and effectively improve the stress resistance of crops. For example, the Trichoderma can be selected from Mingzhou Biotechnology (BMZ073081, BMZ073080), Huizao Biotechnology (HZB621014, HZB437387, HZB479390), and Testo Biotechnology (TS333642, TS333656).

[0062] In this article, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria are purchased, as long as the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can fix nitrogen in the air and degrade residual fertilizers and organic pollutants in the soil. For example, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can be selected from Mingzhou Biotechnology (BMZ123084), Testo Biotechnology (TS289533), and Gray Algae Biotechnology (HZB112452).

[0063] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, the preparation method of the composite bacterial solution includes: first cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a culture medium containing straw, cultivating Bacillus in the culture medium after cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria for 1 to 2 days, cultivating Trichoderma in the culture medium after cultivating Bacillus for 1 to 2 days, culturing the mixed bacterial solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus and Trichoderma for 5 to 8 days, the temperature for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating Bacillus and cultivating Trichoderma is 26 to 36°C, the pH value for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating Bacillus and cultivating Trichoderma is 6.0 to 7.0, and the mass ratio of Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 3 to 4:1 to 2:1. During the cultivation process, sufficient oxygen is introduced into the culture medium. Staged cultivation is adopted to avoid mutual inhibition between strains due to different growth rates, so that the activity of each strain can be fully exerted. In this article, the content of the number of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL, when the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is less than 10 9 CFU / mL, the ability of microorganisms to improve soil synergistically is insufficient. When the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is greater than 10 10 CFU / mL, the original microbial balance of the soil may be disrupted, resulting in a reduction in the number of other beneficial microorganisms. In this article, the culture medium containing straw also includes conventional nutrients in the art such as glucose and peptone.

[0064] In the specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, the biogas slurry is a conventional choice in the field, for example, it can be straw biogas slurry, livestock and poultry biogas slurry, and the biogas slurry contains amino acids, vitamins, proteins, auxins, gibberellins, unsaturated fatty acids and certain antibiotic substances. After comprehensive utilization, it can promote the growth of crops and has a certain effect of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests.

[0065] In a specific embodiment of the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component of the present invention, when in use, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed (under room temperature) to form a biogas slurry-bacteria liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry-bacteria liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the field return treatment, and the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas slurry per mu of land is 1:1000-1200, for example, it can be 1:1000, 1:1100 or 1:1200. When the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas slurry is less than 1:1000, there are too many strains, which may cause damage to the plant root system, and when the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas slurry is greater than 1:1200, it may cause soil salinization.

[0066] The second aspect of the present invention provides a soil improvement method using the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components described above, the method comprising:

[0067] Cultivating a Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum into a Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid, mixing the Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid with a straw wood vinegar liquid to obtain a straw wood vinegar liquid, spraying the straw wood vinegar liquid evenly on crushed straw, and evenly distributing the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid in the soil for returning to the field, thereby obtaining soil after the returning to the field treatment;

[0068] When in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form a biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the returning to field treatment, and finally the soil after the returning to field treatment mixed with the organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry is plowed to evenly mix the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil.

[0069] In a specific implementation of the soil improvement method of the present invention, during the crop harvest period, according to the design of the crop harvester, harvesting is carried out by crushing half of the short straw and covering with half of the long straw (the straw length is 50 to 120 cm) every 2 to 3 m width, and a part of the fresh straw is crushed and returned to the field. When harvesting crops, the stubble height is 3 to 10 cm. The fresh straw after harvest should be crushed to about 3 to 5 cm in time to ensure that it is evenly distributed in the soil during the tillage and mixing process.

[0070] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the specific method of culturing the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent into the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid is: the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent is statically cultured in a constant temperature box at 26 to 36 ° C for 6 to 12 days, and sterile water is added to obtain the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid, in which the content of live bacteria is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / mL.

[0071] In a specific implementation of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the concentration of the straw wood vinegar is 0.01-0.02%, and the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0-6.0.

[0072] In a specific implementation of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar liquid to the Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid is 100-150:1.

[0073] In a specific implementation of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the mass of the straw wood vinegar solution is 1-4% of the mass of the straw.

[0074] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the specific operation of returning the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar solution to the field is: the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar solution is turned into the soil with a depth of 3 to 10 cm by mechanical shallow plowing and left to stand for 5 to 10 days. The straw, wood vinegar and Phanerochaete chrysosporium are fully mixed and turned into the soil and act synergistically for a period of time to ensure the synergistic effect of wood vinegar and microorganisms, thereby promoting the decomposition of the straw.

[0075] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the straw biochar is 8.83-20.56 m 2 / g, the preparation method of the straw biochar has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0076] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is 0.5 to 1:1, and the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and the straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the field treatment, for example, it can be 0.5:1, 0.75:1 or 1:1. When the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is less than 0.5:1, there is too much fertilizer and the purpose of weight loss cannot be achieved. When the mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is greater than 1:1, it cannot meet the needs of nutrients and other minerals lacking in the soil.

[0077] In the specific implementation of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the preparation method of the composite bacterial solution has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0078] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, before the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form the biogas slurry-bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, the biogas slurry and water need to be diluted in a ratio of 1:3-5.

[0079] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial solution to the biogas slurry is 1:1000-1200, for example, 1:1000, 1:1100 or 1:1200. When the mass ratio of the composite bacterial solution to the biogas slurry is less than 1:1000, there are too many bacterial species, which may cause damage to plant roots. When the mass ratio of the composite bacterial solution to the biogas slurry is greater than 1:1200, it may cause soil salinization.

[0080] In this paper, straw biochar and organic fertilizer, biogas slurry and bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer are all returned to the soil after returning to the field through deep plowing of 15 to 30 cm. The two are actually in parallel at the level, but there is a sequence in their use. Specifically, straw biochar and organic fertilizer are spread first to make the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar evenly distributed in the soil after returning to the field, and then the biogas slurry and bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after returning to the field. Finally, the soil after returning to the field mixed with organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas liquid is plowed at a depth of 15 to 30 cm to ensure that the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components such as straw, straw wood vinegar, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid, biogas slurry and organic fertilizer are evenly mixed with the soil.

[0081] In a specific embodiment of the soil improvement method of the present invention, the method further comprises: turning organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas liquid into the soil after returning to the field and placing for 3 to 8 days before sowing, and applying biogas liquid in batches for topdressing at different growth stages of crops after sowing, specifically, applying biogas liquid for topdressing more than 4 times or every 5 days during the growth of crops. In this article, the total amount of biogas liquid for topdressing is 4000 to 6000 kg / mu.

[0082] The following examples further illustrate the solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component and soil improvement method for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement of the present invention. The examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0083] Straw wood vinegar: Purchased from: Shandong Hengke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Model: QWAS, Item No.: 47. The content of organic acid compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 8%, the content of phenolic compounds is 35%, and the content of ester compounds is 1%;

[0084] Phanerochaete chrysosporium agent: manufacturer: Mingzhou Biotechnology, model: BMZ142393;

[0085] Bacillus: Purchased from Mingzhou Biotechnology, model: B12039;

[0086] Trichoderma: Purchased from Mingzhou Biotechnology, model: BMZ073081;

[0087] Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Purchased from Mingzhou Biotechnology, model: BMZ123084;

[0088] Biogas slurry: biogas slurry fermented from straw and livestock and poultry manure;

[0089] Organic fertilizer: Purchased from: Zhenxing, Model: HA-02;

[0090] Experimental field: an experimental field from Huazhong Agricultural University with the same soil in the same area.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] A soil improvement method using solid and liquid bacterial fertilizers, the method comprising:

[0093] During the harvest period, crops in the experimental field were harvested by crushing half of the short straw and covering half of the long straw (the length of the straw was 50-120 cm) at a width of 2.5 m. The stubble height was about 10 cm. Half of the fresh straw was crushed to 3 cm, and the other part of the long straw was dried in the sun.

[0094] The fungus agent of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was cultured in a constant temperature box at 28°C for 8 days, and sterile water was added to obtain a fungus solution of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The content of live bacteria in the fungus solution was 10 7 CFU / mL; dilute the straw wood vinegar at a dilution ratio of 1:300, the effective ingredient concentration after dilution is 0.01%, the pH value is 4.0, mix the chrysosporium tricholoma fungus solution with the diluted straw wood vinegar at a volume ratio of 1:100 to obtain the straw wood vinegar solution, and then use a spraying device to evenly spray the straw wood vinegar solution on half of the fresh straw powder crushed to 3 cm after harvest at a mass ratio of 1:25, use a machine to shallowly plow 10 cm into the soil and let it stand for 10 days, wherein the amount of wood vinegar stock solution is 6L / mu;

[0095] After the other part of the long straw was dried, it was treated with in-situ hypoxia instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization to ensure that the incomplete combustion temperature was about 500°C, and a layer of soil about 3 mm thick was covered on the surface of the straw to make it undergo in-situ hypoxia instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization in an oxygen-deficient environment. The combustion time was 1 min, and the straw burnout ratio was controlled to 80%, resulting in a specific surface area of ​​20.56 m 2 / g of straw biochar, and spread the straw biochar evenly on the soil after returning to the field;

[0096] First, Bacillus, Trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:1, and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were cultivated in a culture medium supplemented with straw powder as a carbon source and a nitrogen source and with sufficient oxygen. After cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria for 2 days, Bacillus was cultivated in the culture medium, and after cultivating Bacillus for 2 days, Trichoderma was cultivated in the culture medium to obtain a composite bacterial solution. The temperature for cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating the Bacillus and cultivating the Trichoderma was 28°C, the pH value for cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating the Bacillus and cultivating the Trichoderma was 7.0, and the content of the number of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution was 10 10 CFU / mL;

[0097] The organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar to be evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200 kg / mu; the biogas slurry fertilizer is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:3, and then mixed with the composite bacterial solution to form a biogas slurry-bacterial solution mixed fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the biogas slurry is 1000 kg / mu, and the application amount of the composite bacterial solution is 0.5 kg / mu, and then the biogas slurry-bacterial solution mixed fertilizer is added to the field soil through surface irrigation, and the soil is turned into the soil by mechanical deep plowing of 25 cm to ensure that the straw, organic fertilizer, biochar, bacterial solution and biogas slurry fertilizers are evenly mixed with the soil, and sowing is carried out after being placed for 5 days; finally, according to the different growth periods of different crops, the biogas slurry is diluted at a dilution ratio of 1:3, and four topdressings are carried out in different growth periods of the crops, and the total topdressing amount of the biogas slurry is 4500 kg / mu.

[0098] Application Example 1

[0099] Soybeans were planted in the test field after soil improvement in Example 1. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied at the beginning of the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times, and the seeds were harvested in early September.

[0100] Example 2

[0101] The method of Example 1 was followed, except that the viable bacteria content in the Phanerochaete chrysosporium solution was 10 6 CFU / mL, the effective ingredient concentration of the straw wood vinegar after dilution was 0.02%, the pH value was 6.0, and the straw wood vinegar solution was mixed with the diluted straw wood vinegar in a volume ratio of 1:150 to obtain the straw wood vinegar solution.

[0102] Application Example 2

[0103] Soybeans were planted in the test field after soil improvement in Example 2. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied at the beginning of the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times, and the seeds were harvested in early September.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] The method of Example 1 was followed, except that the specific surface area of ​​the straw biochar was 8.83 m 2 / g, the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is 10 9 CFU / mL.

[0106] Application Example 3

[0107] Soybeans were planted in the test field after soil improvement in Example 3. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied at the beginning of the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times, and the seeds were harvested in early September.

[0108] Comparative Example 1

[0109] The method was implemented in the manner of Example 1, except that the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum was removed and no Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum was added.

[0110] Application Comparative Example 1

[0111] Soybeans were planted in the experimental field after soil improvement in Example 1. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied during the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times. The soybeans were harvested in early September.

[0112] Comparative Example 2

[0113] The method was implemented in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the straw wood vinegar was replaced with normal well water.

[0114] Application Comparative Example 2

[0115] Soybeans were planted in the experimental field after soil improvement in Example 2. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied during the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times. The soybeans were harvested in early September.

[0116] Comparative Example 3

[0117] The method of Example 1 is followed, except that the composite bacterial liquid contains only Bacillus.

[0118] Application Comparative Example 3

[0119] Soybeans were planted in the experimental field after soil improvement in Example 3. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied during the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times. The soybeans were harvested in early September.

[0120] Comparative Example 4

[0121] The method is implemented in the manner of Example 1, except that the straw is completely burned in an aerobic environment to obtain straw bio-ash.

[0122] Application Comparative Example 4

[0123] Soybeans were planted in the experimental field after soil improvement in Example 4. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied during the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times. The soybeans were harvested in early September.

[0124] Comparative Example 5

[0125] The method of Example 1 was followed, except that the fungus liquid of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the diluted straw wood vinegar were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:90 to obtain the straw wood vinegar fungus liquid.

[0126] Application Comparative Example 5

[0127] Soybeans were planted in the experimental field after soil improvement in Example 5. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied during the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times. The soybeans were harvested in early September.

[0128] Comparative Example 6

[0129] The method of Example 1 was followed, except that the fungus liquid of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the diluted straw wood vinegar were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:160 to obtain the straw wood vinegar fungus liquid.

[0130] Application Comparative Example 6

[0131] Soybeans were planted in the experimental field after soil improvement in Example 6. The seeds were sown in early May 2024, and biogas slurry was applied during the flowering period in early July, with an interval of 10 days between each application, for a total of four times. The soybeans were harvested in early September.

[0132] Test Case

[0133] The quality of mature soybean plants and fruits after irrigation according to Application Examples 1 to 3 and Application Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was tested, and the physical and chemical properties of soil after irrigation according to Application Examples 1 to 3 and Application Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were tested, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

[0134] Table 1. Quality of soybean plants and fruits at maturity

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of soil

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] As can be seen from Table 1, the soil improvement method of the present invention is beneficial to increasing the plant height and stem thickness of soybean plants. The soybean yield in the embodiments is significantly higher than that in the comparative examples, among which the highest soybean yield is in Embodiment 1 (2199.90 kg / ha), which is 25.45%, 22.31%, 23.47%, 18.73%, 13.20% and 16.57% higher than that in Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The nitrogen content and chlorophyll content of the leaves and the N, P and K contents in the soybean seeds are also increased. As can be seen from Table 2, the soil improvement method of the present invention can make the soil pH value nearly neutral (6.57-6.96), significantly increase the soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content and the proportion of fine and large aggregates in the soil, and reduce the proportion of powder clay components in the soil. Among them, the soil organic carbon content is the highest in Example 1 (12.84 g / kg), which is 25.27%, 20.11%, 23.22%, 10.98%, 16.94% and 15.26% higher than that of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6, respectively.

[0141] It can be seen from the results in Table 1 and Table 2 that the soil improvement method of the present invention comprehensively utilizes the nutrients of straw, wood vinegar promotes the decomposition of straw and adjusts the pH of the soil, straw biochar improves the soil structure, biogas slurry improves soil fertility, and the synergistic effect of various strains can effectively increase crop yields and improve soil physical and chemical properties.

[0142] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, including the combination of various technical features in any other suitable manner, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement, characterized in that: The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer components include straw, straw wood vinegar, Phanerochaete chrysosporium bacterial agent, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid, biogas slurry and organic fertilizer, wherein the composite bacterial liquid contains bacillus, trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; When in use, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum is prepared into a Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid, and the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid is mixed with a straw wood vinegar liquid to obtain a straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid, and the straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid is sprayed on the crushed straw, and the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid fungus liquid is evenly distributed in the soil for returning to the field treatment to obtain the soil after the returning to the field treatment, wherein the volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar liquid to the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus liquid is 100-150:1; The straw biochar preparation process is as follows: evenly spreading the straw on the soil after returning to the field, igniting the straw, and subjecting the straw to an in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment in an anoxic environment to obtain the straw biochar; When in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form a biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the returning to field treatment, and finally the soil after the returning to field treatment mixed with the organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry is plowed to evenly mix the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil.

2. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total content of organic acid compounds, phenolic compounds and ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 30-50%, the content of organic acid compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 2-15%, the content of phenolic compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 20-40%, and the content of ester compounds in the straw wood vinegar is 1-3%; The concentration of the straw wood vinegar is 0.01-0.02%, and the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0-6.0; When used, the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus agent is allowed to stand at 26-36°C for 6-12 days, and sterile water is added to obtain the chrysosporium original hair leather fungus liquid, in which the content of live bacteria is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / mL.

3. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass of the straw wood vinegar liquid is 1-4% of the mass of the straw per mu of land.

4. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw biochar adopts in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment. The preparation process is as follows: the straw is evenly spread on the soil after returning to the field, the straw is ignited, and covered with 1-8 mm of soil, and in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment is carried out in anoxic environment at a temperature of 360-560°C. The combustion time is 0.5-1.5 minutes, and the specific surface area is 8.83-20.56 m 2 / g of straw biochar; The mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer per acre of land is 0.5 to 1:

1.

5. The solid-liquid bacterial fertilizer component for coordinated application of efficient soil improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid comprises: firstly cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a culture medium containing straw, cultivating bacillus in the culture medium after cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria for 1 to 2 days, cultivating trichoderma in the culture medium after cultivating the bacillus for 1 to 2 days, and then cultivating a mixed bacterial liquid containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacillus and trichoderma for 5 to 8 days, the temperature for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating bacillus and cultivating trichoderma is 26 to 36°C, the pH value for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating bacillus and cultivating trichoderma is 6.0 to 7.0, the mass ratio of bacillus, trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 3 to 4:1 to 2:1, the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial liquid is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL; The mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas liquid per mu of land is 1:1000-1200.

6. A soil improvement method using the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method includes: Cultivating a Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum into a Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid, mixing the Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid with a straw wood vinegar liquid to obtain a straw wood vinegar liquid, spraying the straw wood vinegar liquid on crushed straw, and evenly distributing the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar liquid in the soil for returning to the field, thereby obtaining soil after the returning to the field treatment; When in use, the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment, the composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry are mixed to form a biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer, and the biogas slurry bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after the returning to field treatment, and finally the soil after the returning to field treatment mixed with the organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry is plowed to evenly mix the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil.

7. The soil improvement method of applying solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific method of culturing the chrysosporium original hair leather agent into the chrysosporium original hair leather liquid is: the chrysosporium original hair leather agent is allowed to stand at 26-36 ℃ for 6-12 days, and sterile water is added to obtain the chrysosporium original hair leather liquid, in which the content of live bacteria is 10 6 ~10 8 CFU / mL; The concentration of the straw wood vinegar is 0.01-0.02%, and the pH value of the straw wood vinegar is 4.0-6.0; The volume ratio of the straw wood vinegar liquid to the Phanerochaete chrysosporium liquid is 100-150:

1.

8. The soil improvement method of applying solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass of the straw wood vinegar liquid is 1-4% of the mass of the straw per acre of land; The specific operation of evenly distributing the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar and bacterial liquid in the soil for returning to the field treatment is: turning the straw sprayed with the straw wood vinegar and bacterial liquid into the soil to a depth of 3 to 10 cm and leaving it to stand for 5 to 10 days.

9. The soil improvement method using solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components according to claim 6, characterized in that: The straw biochar adopts in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment. The preparation process is as follows: the straw is evenly spread on the soil after returning to the field, the straw is ignited, and covered with 1-8 mm of soil, and in-situ anoxic instantaneous spontaneous combustion carbonization treatment is carried out in anoxic environment at a temperature of 360-560°C. The combustion time is 0.5-1.5 minutes, and the specific surface area is 8.83-20.56 m 2 / g of straw biochar; The mass ratio of the straw biochar to the organic fertilizer is 0.5 to 1:1 per acre of land, and the organic fertilizer is mixed with the straw biochar so that the mixed organic fertilizer and the straw biochar are evenly distributed in the soil after the returning to field treatment; The preparation method of the composite bacterial liquid comprises: firstly cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a culture medium containing straw, cultivating bacillus in the culture medium after cultivating the nitrogen-fixing bacteria for 1 to 2 days, cultivating trichoderma in the culture medium after cultivating the bacillus for 1 to 2 days, and then cultivating a mixed bacterial liquid containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacillus and trichoderma for 5 to 8 days, the temperature for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating bacillus and cultivating trichoderma is 26 to 36°C, the pH value for cultivating nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cultivating bacillus and cultivating trichoderma is 6.0 to 7.0, the mass ratio of bacillus, trichoderma and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 3 to 4:1 to 2:1, the content of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial liquid is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL, per mu of land, the mass ratio of the composite bacterial liquid to the biogas slurry is 1:1000-1200, and the biogas slurry and bacterial liquid mixed fertilizer is evenly sprayed on the soil after returning to the field treatment.

10. The soil improvement method using solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method also includes: finally plowing the soil after the field treatment mixed with organic fertilizer, straw biochar, composite bacterial liquid and biogas slurry, with the plowing depth of 15 to 30 cm, so that the solid and liquid bacterial fertilizer components in the soil are evenly mixed, sowing is carried out after being placed for 3 to 8 days, and after sowing, the biogas slurry is topdressed in batches at different growth stages of the crops.

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