Coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method with medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, belonging to the field of energy technology. The reactor comprises an outer wall, a feeder and a discharger on the outer wall of the reactor, a central gas collecting pipe provided inside the outer wall of the reactor, and a shaftless spiral provided in the space between the central gas collecting pipe and the inner side of the outer wall of the reactor; a heating jacket structure for zoned heating of the reaction materials inside the reactor is provided on the outer side of the outer wall of the reactor, including a low-temperature heating jacket, a constant temperature jacket, and a high-temperature heating jacket; a plurality of gas collecting holes are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe for collecting gases generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe; the top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe are respectively connected to cyclone separators a and b for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas via flanges and pipelines; cyclone separators a and b are respectively connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet via pipelines. The reactor has a simple structure and good use effect, and is convenient for industrial continuous pyrolysis reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of energy technology, and is particularly suitable for a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method with continuous feeding and discharging at medium and low temperatures, and is particularly suitable for pyrolysis of coal and biomass charcoal. Background Art

[0002] At present, in the pyrolysis of coal and biochar, medium and low temperature pyrolysis under relatively mild conditions can generally produce 50-70wt.% of semi-coke, 10-25wt.% of tar, and more than 10wt.% of coke and biomass gas, about 80-100m3 / t. The efficiency of preparing SNG and fuel oil as raw gas and raw oil can reach 75% and 65%, which is much higher than the efficiency of producing SNG (53%) and fuel oil (42-52%) based on direct gasification, and the fixed investment and process water consumption are significantly reduced. Unfortunately, since the beginning of the 19th century, traditional coal and biomass pyrolysis technology has not yet achieved a complete breakthrough and industrialization. The main foreign technologies include the United States' multi-stage fluidized bed coal and biomass dry distillation pyrolysis COED process, the pulverized coal and biomass rapid pyrolysis Garrett process, the circulating ceramic ball pyrolysis Toscoal process, the two-stage mild gasification Shell pyrolysis Encoal process, Germany's circulating semi-coke pyrolysis Lurgi-Ruhr (LR) process and low-temperature pyrolysis Lurgi-Squel-gas (LS) process, Japan's pulverized coal and biomass high-temperature rapid pyrolysis ECOPRO process, Australia's sand fluidized bed rapid pyrolysis CSIRO process, and Canada's solid heat carrier ATP process. Since the 1970s, China has also developed many technologies, such as the solid heat carrier DG process of Dalian University of Technology, the multi-stage rotary kiln MRF process of Beijing Coal and Biomass Research Institute, and the integrated semi-coke combustion coal and biomass pyrolysis co-production process of Zhejiang University, Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanxi Coal and Biomass Carbon Chemistry Institute, and Institute of Engineering Thermophysics. In addition, Shenhua Group's crushed coal and biomass rotary kiln pyrolysis technology, and Shenwu Group and other companies have also developed heat and electricity co-generation processes.

[0003] While most of the aforementioned processes and technologies have been demonstrated in engineering projects with capacities exceeding 100 tons, they have yet to achieve stable industrial application. Most previous demonstrations have been completely shut down, with little further research and development. Key technical challenges are: using existing technologies to process raw coal and biomass produces tar with a high concentration of heavy components, low total tar yield, and a high concentration of dust, resulting in poor quality. There is an urgent need to develop a new coal and biomass pyrolysis reactor suitable for industrial research. This would address these challenges, enable continuous feeding, and improve pyrolysis efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor and method with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, which is used to solve the technical problem that the existing technology in this field is limited to being unsuitable for industrial applications.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor, comprising a tubular reactor outer wall, a reaction channel provided axially along the center axis of the reactor outer wall, a feeder connected to the top end of the reactor outer wall, a discharger connected to the bottom end of the reactor outer wall, a central gas collecting pipe provided in the reaction channel of the reactor outer wall, and a shaftless spiral for transporting the reaction materials downward provided in the space between the central gas collecting pipe and the inner side of the reactor outer wall, the size of the shaftless spiral matching the columnar channel in the pyrolysis reactor channel, the shaftless spiral relatively rotating around the fixed central gas collecting pipe, thereby causing the reaction materials to spirally move downward as the shaftless spiral rotates;

[0006] A heating jacket structure is provided on the outer side of the reactor outer wall for zoned heating of the reaction materials therein. The heating jacket structure includes a low-temperature heating jacket provided on the outer side of the upper portion of the reactor outer wall for preheating and dehydrating the fed materials, and a high-temperature heating jacket provided on the outer side of the lower portion of the reactor outer wall for high-temperature pyrolysis of the materials. A constant temperature jacket is provided between the low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket for heat preservation as a transition zone. The low-temperature heating jacket, the constant temperature jacket, and the high-temperature heating jacket form a low-temperature zone, a constant temperature zone, and a high-temperature zone within the reactor outer wall.

[0007] A plurality of gas collecting holes are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe for collecting the gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe. The top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe are respectively connected to cyclone separators a and b for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines. Cyclone separators a and cyclone separators b are respectively connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet through pipelines.

[0008] Furthermore, the reaction materials are coal and biomass. The particle size of the coal and biomass fed into the feeder needs to be ensured to be no less than the aperture of the gas collecting hole, so as to reduce the risk of too small coal and biomass particles falling into the central gas collecting pipe, thereby blocking the pipeline outlet of the pyrolysis oil and gas.

[0009] Furthermore, the feeder and the discharger are both spiral discharging devices with a sealing effect, which prevent the generated pyrolysis gas from escaping during the feeding and unloading processes.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating temperature of the low-temperature heating jacket is controlled between 100°C and 120°C to preheat and dehydrate the reaction materials to avoid unnecessary side reactions caused by moisture at high temperatures; the constant temperature jacket does not have heating capabilities and is only used to isolate the low-temperature heating jacket from the high-temperature heating jacket. A temperature increase area is formed from the low-temperature heating jacket to the high-temperature heating jacket in the constant temperature jacket; the temperature of the high-temperature heating jacket is higher than 500°C. The high-temperature heating jacket is the main reaction area for the thermal decomposition of the reaction materials. After the reaction materials enter the area covered by the high-temperature heating jacket, the organic matter in the reaction materials is deeply cracked to generate more oil and gas products. At the same time, the high temperature also helps to reduce the dust content in the tar and improve the quality of the tar; the three temperature zones formed by the low-temperature heating jacket, the constant temperature jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket effectively optimize the heat transfer and reaction conditions during the thermal decomposition of the reaction materials, reduce the generation of side reactions, and achieve the regulation of the tar quality.

[0011] Furthermore, the shaftless screw rotates around the central gas collecting pipe in the pyrolysis reactor channel through a sealed bearing to assist the reaction materials in moving downward, and the shaftless screw uses a motor as a power source for rotation.

[0012] Furthermore, the length of the heating jacket structure is equal to that of the reactor outer wall, and the length of the central gas collecting pipe matches that of the reactor outer wall. The lengths of the low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket in the heating jacket structure are adjusted according to the needs of the pyrolysis operation, thereby ensuring the optimal residence time of the low-temperature steam and the high-temperature pyrolysis oil, helping to control the pyrolysis reaction and avoid secondary reactions of the volatile matter, thereby optimizing the yield and quality of the tar during the pyrolysis process.

[0013] The lengths of the low-temperature zone and the constant temperature zone are equal to those of the high-temperature zone to ensure that the water vapor in the reaction materials in the low-temperature zone is fully evaporated. The low-temperature heating jacket and the high-temperature heating jacket respectively heat the reaction materials in the reaction channel through external electric heating or superheated steam. The constant temperature zone is used as a transition area between the low-temperature zone and the high-temperature zone. There is no need to heat to protect the low-temperature zone. The constant temperature jacket is used to separate the low-temperature zone from the high-temperature zone.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas collecting holes are upwardly inclined holes to reduce the amount of reactants that fall into the central gas collecting pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, a cleaning port which can be controlled to open or close as needed is provided at the bottom of the central gas collecting pipe, and the reaction materials and post-reaction residues which fall into the central gas collecting pipe are cleaned by opening the cleaning port.

[0016] A method for operating a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with continuous feeding and discharging at a medium to low temperature, comprising the following steps:

[0017] The shaftless spiral is driven by a motor to rotate around the central gas collecting pipe inside the outer wall of the reactor, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to the actual pyrolysis needs;

[0018] The feeder feeds the reaction material that can fill the entire shaftless screw into the shaftless screw, and the reaction material moves spirally along the central air collecting pipe toward the discharger as the shaftless screw rotates.

[0019] During the movement of the reaction materials, the low-temperature heating jacket continuously preheats the reaction materials on the shaftless spiral to 100℃-120℃, and the reaction materials are dried and dehydrated during the preheating process. After that, the reaction materials move to the constant temperature jacket area along with the shaftless spiral, and the drying and dehydration of the reaction materials are completed at this time;

[0020] As the reaction materials move downward, the constant temperature jacket area is gradually heated up by the high-temperature heating jacket. After the temperature of the reaction materials is raised to a temperature of not less than 500°C, the reaction materials finally reach the area of ​​the high-temperature heating jacket and undergo pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis gas products generated by the pyrolysis of the reaction materials under the action of the high-temperature heating jacket move toward the gas collection holes on the central gas collection pipe. At the same time, the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas further assists in heating the surrounding reaction coal and biomass.

[0021] The cyclone separators a and b are used to create a negative pressure environment in the central gas collecting pipe, assisting the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and water vapor to enter the central gas collecting pipe through the gas collecting holes, and then enter the cyclone separators a and b through the central gas collecting pipe. The cyclone separators a and b separate the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis oil and water vapor, and the separated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet.

[0022] As the shaftless screw rotates continuously, the reaction materials continue to undergo pyrolysis reaction while moving, and eventually reach the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor channel to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and are finally discharged through the discharger, realizing a continuous directional pyrolysis reaction of the reaction materials;

[0023] The cleaning port is opened regularly to discharge the reaction materials and reaction residues that have entered the central gas collecting pipe.

[0024] Beneficial effects: While achieving continuous and uniform feeding of coal and biomass, this device collects pyrolysis water in the low-temperature zone and pyrolysis products in the high-temperature zone, thereby obtaining high-quality pyrolysis products to the greatest extent possible, thereby reducing the difficulty of subsequent separation of pyrolysis water and pyrolysis products and reducing the cost of separating water in pyrolysis products. The central gas collecting pipe can guarantee the direction of pyrolysis heat transfer to the greatest extent possible, reduce secondary reactions, and thereby improve the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil and gas; the shaftless spiral feeding method can achieve feed rate control of coal and biomass, ensuring that materials such as coal and biomass descend in layers at a uniform speed without generating funnel flow, thereby helping to solve the problem of adhesion of materials such as coal and biomass due to heating, thereby affecting pyrolysis efficiency. This patent helps to solve the problems of high heavy components in pyrolysis products of materials such as coal and biomass in traditional pyrolysis methods, high tar dust content, difficulty in oil-water separation, and unbalanced material feeding, and provides a basis for the next step of improving the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil and gas and its industrial application.

[0025] This device features a heating jacket structure that provides zoned heating for the reaction materials within. By utilizing high-temperature heating and rapid heat transfer in the volatile generation and semi-coke polycondensation stages, pyrolysis efficiency is improved. Gas channels are provided to guide the directional escape of volatiles, achieving co-directional diffusion and transfer of heat and volatiles. A discharge port at the bottom of the reactor allows for timely cleaning, and multi-stage heating maximizes thermal energy utilization and product quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to the present invention;

[0027] In the figure: 1. feeder, 2. flange interface, 3. cyclone separator a, 4. motor, 5. low-temperature heating jacket, 6. shaftless screw, 7. central gas collecting pipe, 8. gas collecting hole, 9. outer wall of reactor, 10. discharger, 11. pyrolysis gas outlet, 12. constant temperature jacket, 13. high-temperature heating jacket, 14. cyclone separator b, 15. cleaning port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention discloses a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with medium and low temperature continuous feeding and discharging, comprising a reactor outer wall 9 of a tubular structure, a reaction channel being provided in the central axial direction of the reactor outer wall 9, a feeder 1 being connected to the top end of the reactor outer wall 9, and a discharger 10 being connected to the bottom end of the reactor outer wall 9, both of which are spiral discharging devices with a sealing effect, which prevent the generated pyrolysis gas from escaping during the feeding and discharging process; a central gas collecting pipe 7 is provided in the reaction channel of the reactor outer wall 9, and a shaftless spiral 6 for transporting the reaction material downward is provided in the space between the central gas collecting pipe 7 and the inner side of the reactor outer wall 9, the size of the shaftless spiral 6 matches the columnar channel in the pyrolysis reactor channel, and the shaftless spiral 6 rotates relatively around the fixed central gas collecting pipe 7 , so that the reaction materials move downward in a spiral as the shaftless screw 6 rotates; the shaftless screw 6 rotates around the central gas collecting pipe 7 in the pyrolysis reactor channel through a sealed bearing to assist the reaction materials in moving downward, and the shaftless screw 6 uses the motor 4 as a power source for rotation; the reaction materials are coal and biomass, and the coal and biomass fed into the feeder 1, the particle size of the coal and biomass needs to be ensured to be no less than the aperture of the gas collecting hole 8, so as to reduce the small coal and biomass particles from falling into the central gas collecting pipe 7, thereby blocking the pipeline outlet of the pyrolysis oil and gas; the gas collecting hole 8 is an upwardly arranged inclined hole to reduce the reaction materials from falling into the central gas collecting pipe 7; the bottom end of the central gas collecting pipe 7 is provided with a cleaning port 15 which can be controlled to switch as needed, and the reaction materials and post-reaction residues that fall into the central gas collecting pipe 7 are cleaned by opening the cleaning port 15.

[0030] A heating jacket structure is provided on the outside of the reactor outer wall 9 for zoned heating of the reaction materials therein. The heating jacket structure includes a low-temperature heating jacket 5 provided on the outside of the upper portion of the reactor outer wall 9 for preheating and dehydrating the fed materials, and a high-temperature heating jacket 13 provided on the outside of the lower portion of the reactor outer wall 9 for high-temperature pyrolysis of the materials. A constant temperature jacket 12 is provided between the low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13, which serves only as a transition zone for heat preservation. The low-temperature heating jacket 5, the constant temperature jacket 12, and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 form a low-temperature zone, a constant temperature zone, and a high-temperature zone within the reactor outer wall 9.

[0031] A plurality of gas collecting holes 8 for collecting the gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe 7 are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe 7. The top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe 7 are respectively connected to the cyclone separator a3 and the cyclone separator b14 for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines. The cyclone separator a3 and the cyclone separator b14 are respectively connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 11 through pipelines.

[0032] The heating temperature of the low-temperature heating jacket 5 is controlled between 100°C and 120°C to preheat and dehydrate the reaction materials to avoid unnecessary side reactions caused by moisture at high temperatures; the constant temperature jacket 12 does not have heating capabilities and is only used to isolate the low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13. A temperature increase area from the low-temperature heating jacket 5 to the high-temperature heating jacket 13 is formed in the constant temperature jacket 12; the temperature of the high-temperature heating jacket 13 is higher than 500°C. The high-temperature heating jacket 13 is the main reaction area for the thermal decomposition of the reaction materials. After the reaction materials enter the area covered by the high-temperature heating jacket 13, the organic matter in the reaction materials is deeply cracked to generate more oil and gas products. At the same time, the high temperature also helps to reduce the dust content in the tar and improve the quality of the tar; the three temperature zones formed by the low-temperature heating jacket 5, the constant temperature jacket 12, and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 effectively optimize the heat transfer and reaction conditions during the thermal decomposition of the reaction materials, reduce the generation of side reactions, and achieve the regulation of the tar quality.

[0033] The heating jacket structure is equal in length to the reactor outer wall 9, and the length of the central gas collecting pipe 7 matches that of the reactor outer wall 9. The lengths of the low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 in the heating jacket structure are adjusted according to the needs of the pyrolysis operation to ensure the optimal residence time of the low-temperature steam and the high-temperature pyrolysis oil, which helps to control the pyrolysis reaction and avoid secondary reactions of the volatile matter, thereby optimizing the yield and quality of the tar during the pyrolysis process.

[0034] The length of the low-temperature zone and the constant temperature zone is equal to that of the high-temperature zone to ensure that the water vapor in the reaction material in the low-temperature zone is fully evaporated. The low-temperature heating jacket 5 and the high-temperature heating jacket 13 respectively heat the reaction material in the reaction channel through external electric heating or superheated steam. The constant temperature zone is used as the transition area between the low-temperature zone and the high-temperature zone. There is no need to heat the low-temperature zone to protect the low-temperature zone. The constant temperature jacket 12 is used to separate the low-temperature zone 5 from the high-temperature zone 13.

[0035] A reaction method for a coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor with continuous feeding and discharging at medium and low temperatures, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) After passing through the feeder 1, the coal and biomass directly enter the reactor containing the shaftless spiral central gas collecting pipe, located on both sides of the central gas collecting pipe 7;

[0037] (2) The pyrolysis device heats the outer wall of the reactor through the heating jacket 5 to heat the pyrolysis coal and biomass. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas products heat the pyrolysis coal and biomass by the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas phase products during their movement toward the pyrolysis gas collection hole 8.

[0038] (3) The pyrolysis gas products enter the central gas collecting pipe 7 through the gas collecting hole 8 and enter the cyclone separator 3 through the pipeline to separate the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil;

[0039] (4) Driven by the motor 4, the central gas collecting pipe 7 rotates continuously, allowing the coal and biomass to be continuously fed and discharged, and the reaction is sufficient. After the coal and biomass powder undergo pyrolysis, the coal and biomass slag are directly discharged by the discharger 10, greatly improving production efficiency.

[0040] The motor 4 drives the shaftless screw 6 to rotate around the central gas collecting pipe 7 inside the outer wall 9 of the reactor. The rotation speed is adjusted according to the actual pyrolysis needs.

[0041] The feeder 1 is used to feed the reaction material that can fill the entire shaftless screw 6. The reaction material moves spirally along the central gas collecting pipe 7 toward the discharger 10 on the shaftless screw 6 as it rotates.

[0042] During the movement of the reaction material, the low-temperature heating jacket 5 continuously preheats the reaction material on the shaftless screw 6 to 100°C-120°C, and the reaction material is dried and dehydrated during the preheating process. After that, the reaction material moves with the shaftless screw 6 to the constant temperature jacket 12 area, at which time the reaction material is completely dried and dehydrated;

[0043] As the reaction materials move downward, the area of ​​the constant temperature jacket 12 is gradually heated by the high-temperature heating jacket 13. The temperature of the reaction materials rises to a temperature of not less than 500°C. After the reaction materials finally reach the area of ​​the high-temperature heating jacket 13, a pyrolysis reaction occurs. The pyrolysis gas products generated by the pyrolysis of the reaction materials under the action of the high-temperature heating jacket 13 move toward the gas collection holes 8 on the central gas collection pipe 7. At the same time, the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas further assists in heating the surrounding reaction coal and biomass.

[0044] The cyclone separators a3 and b14 are used to create a negative pressure environment in the central gas collecting pipe 7, assisting the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, and water vapor to enter the central gas collecting pipe 7 through the gas collecting holes 8, and then enter the cyclone separators a3 and b14 through the central gas collecting pipe 7. The cyclone separators a3 and b14 separate the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis oil and water vapor, and the separated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 11.

[0045] As the shaftless screw 6 rotates continuously, the reaction materials continue to undergo pyrolysis reaction while moving, and eventually reach the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor channel to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and are finally discharged through the discharger 10, thereby achieving a continuous directional pyrolysis reaction of the reaction materials;

[0046] The cleaning port 15 is opened regularly to discharge the reaction materials and reaction residues that have entered the central gas collecting pipe 7 .

Claims

1. A medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor, characterized by: The invention relates to a reactor outer wall (9) having a tubular structure, wherein a reaction channel is provided in the central axial direction of the reactor outer wall (9), a feeder (1) is connected to the top end of the reactor outer wall (9), and a discharger (10) is connected to the bottom end of the reactor outer wall (9), a central gas collecting pipe (7) is provided in the reaction channel of the reactor outer wall (9), and a shaftless spiral (6) for transporting reaction materials downward is provided in the space between the central gas collecting pipe (7) and the inner side of the reactor outer wall (9), wherein the size of the shaftless spiral (6) matches the columnar channel in the pyrolysis reactor channel, and the shaftless spiral (6) rotates relative to the fixed central gas collecting pipe (7), thereby causing the reaction materials to spirally move downward as the shaftless spiral (6) rotates; A heating jacket structure for zone-heating the reaction materials inside the reactor is provided on the outside of the reactor outer wall (9), the heating jacket structure comprising a low-temperature heating jacket (5) provided on the outside of the upper portion of the reactor outer wall (9) for preheating and dehydrating the fed materials, and a high-temperature heating jacket (13) provided on the outside of the lower portion of the reactor outer wall (9) for performing high-temperature pyrolysis on the materials, a constant-temperature jacket (12) serving as a transition zone for heat preservation is provided between the low-temperature heating jacket (5) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13); a low-temperature zone, a constant-temperature zone, and a high-temperature zone are formed inside the reactor outer wall (9) by utilizing the low-temperature heating jacket (5), the constant-temperature jacket (12), and the high-temperature heating jacket (13); A plurality of gas collecting holes (8) for collecting gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the central gas collecting pipe (7) are provided on the side wall of the central gas collecting pipe (7). The top and bottom ends of the central gas collecting pipe (7) are respectively connected to a cyclone separator a (3) and a cyclone separator b (14) for separating water vapor and pyrolysis gas through flanges and pipelines. The cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) are respectively connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet (11) through pipelines.

2. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction materials are coal and biomass. The coal and biomass fed into the feeder (1) need to have a particle size no smaller than the aperture of the gas collecting hole (8) in order to reduce the number of small coal and biomass particles falling into the central gas collecting pipe (7) and thereby blocking the pipeline outlet of the pyrolysis oil and gas.

3. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder (1) and the discharger (10) are both spiral discharging devices with a sealing effect, which prevent the generated pyrolysis gas from escaping during the feeding and discharging processes.

4. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating temperature of the low-temperature heating jacket (5) is controlled between 100°C and 120°C, so as to preheat and dehydrate the reaction materials and avoid unnecessary side reactions caused by moisture at high temperatures; the constant temperature jacket (12) does not have a heating capability and is only used to isolate the low-temperature heating jacket (5) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13); a temperature rising area from the low-temperature heating jacket (5) to the high-temperature heating jacket (13) is formed in the constant temperature jacket (12); the temperature of the high-temperature heating jacket (13) is higher than 500°C, and the high-temperature heating jacket (13) is the main reaction area for the pyrolysis of the reaction materials. After the reaction materials enter the area covered by the high-temperature heating jacket (13), the organic matter in the reaction materials is deeply cracked to generate more oil and gas products. At the same time, the high temperature also helps to reduce the dust content in the tar and improve the quality of the tar; the three temperature areas formed by the low-temperature heating jacket (5), the constant temperature jacket (12) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13) effectively optimize the heat transfer and reaction conditions during the pyrolysis of the reaction materials, reduce the generation of side reactions, and achieve the regulation of the tar quality.

5. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaftless screw (6) rotates around the central gas collecting pipe (7) in the pyrolysis reactor channel through a sealed bearing to assist the reaction materials in moving downward. The shaftless screw (6) uses a motor (4) as a power source for rotation.

6. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the heating jacket structure is equal to that of the reactor outer wall (9), and the length of the central gas collecting pipe (7) matches that of the reactor outer wall (9). The lengths of the low-temperature heating jacket (5) and the high-temperature heating jacket (13) in the heating jacket structure are adjusted according to the needs of the pyrolysis work, thereby ensuring the optimal residence time of the low-temperature water vapor and the high-temperature pyrolysis oil, helping to control the pyrolysis reaction and avoid secondary reactions of the volatile matter, thereby optimizing the yield and quality of the tar during the pyrolysis process; The low temperature zone and the constant temperature zone are equal in length to the high temperature zone to ensure that the water vapor in the reaction material in the low temperature zone is fully evaporated. The low temperature heating jacket (5) and the high temperature heating jacket (13) respectively heat the reaction material in the reaction channel through external electric heating or superheated steam. The constant temperature zone is used as a transition area between the low temperature zone and the high temperature zone. There is no need to heat the low temperature zone to protect it. The constant temperature jacket (12) is used to separate the low temperature zone from the high temperature zone.

7. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collecting holes (8) are upwardly inclined holes to reduce the amount of reaction materials that fall into the central gas collecting pipe (7).

8. The medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the central gas collecting pipe (7) is provided with a cleaning port (15) which can be controlled to open or close as needed. The reaction materials and post-reaction residues that fall into the central gas collecting pipe (7) can be cleaned by opening the cleaning port (15).

9. A reaction method using the medium-low temperature continuous feeding and discharging coal and biomass directional pyrolysis reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Here are the steps: The motor (4) drives the shaftless screw (6) to rotate around the central gas collecting pipe (7) inside the outer wall (9) of the reactor, and the rotation speed is adjusted according to the actual pyrolysis needs; The reaction material that can fill the entire shaftless screw (6) is fed into the shaftless screw (6) through the feeder (1), and the reaction material moves spirally along the central gas collecting pipe (7) toward the discharger (10) along the shaftless screw (6) as it rotates; During the movement of the reaction material, the low-temperature heating jacket (5) continuously preheats the reaction material on the shaftless spiral (6) to 100°C-120°C, and the reaction material is dried and dehydrated during the preheating process. After that, the reaction material moves with the shaftless spiral (6) to the constant temperature jacket (12), at which time the reaction material is completely dried and dehydrated; The constant temperature jacket (12) area is gradually heated up by the high temperature heating jacket (13) as the reaction material moves downward, and the temperature of the reaction material is raised to a temperature not lower than 500° C. The reaction material finally reaches the area of ​​the high temperature heating jacket (13) and undergoes a pyrolysis reaction. The pyrolysis gas phase products generated by the pyrolysis of the reaction material under the action of the high temperature heating jacket (13) move toward the gas collecting hole (8) on the central gas collecting pipe (7), and at the same time, the heat carried by the pyrolysis gas further assists in heating the surrounding reaction coal and biomass. The cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) are used to form a negative pressure environment in the central gas collecting pipe (7), so that the pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and water vapor enter the central gas collecting pipe (7) through the gas collecting hole (8), and then enter the cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) through the central gas collecting pipe (7). The cyclone separator a (3) and the cyclone separator b (14) separate the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis oil and water vapor, and the separated pyrolysis gas is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet (11); As the shaftless screw (6) continuously rotates, the reaction materials continuously undergo pyrolysis reaction while moving, and eventually reach the bottom of the pyrolysis reactor channel to complete the pyrolysis reaction, and are finally discharged through the discharger (10), thereby achieving a continuous directional pyrolysis reaction of the reaction materials; The cleaning port (15) is opened regularly to discharge the reaction materials and reaction residues that have entered the central gas collecting pipe (7).

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