Safe and efficient fish descending device and descending operation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy project fish protection, in particular to a safe and efficient fish descending device and a descending operation method.The safe and efficient fish descending device comprises a descending tower, a descending fishway is arranged on the descending tower, and the descending tower communicates with an upstream river channel and a downstream river channel through a fish luring pond and a buffering fishway; an upstream dispatching area controlled by a gate is arranged on the upstream and used for attracting juvenile fishes and sending the juvenile fishes into a downstream fishway; the spiral descending fishway is arranged, the occupied area needed by a fish descending channel is greatly reduced, and the spiral descending fishway is suitable for various intermountain high dam environments lacking of construction of the descending channel; meanwhile, by arranging the buffer pool and the buffer fishway, the impact on the fishes during descending can be greatly relieved, and the survival rate of the fishes is increased; after the juvenile fishes are attracted into the fish luring pond through the fish luring mechanism, the juvenile fishes can be quickly conveyed to the downstream river channel through the downstream fishway by using the upstream and downstream water head difference as power, the downstream efficiency is high while the maintenance cost is kept low, and the device is suitable for wide application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish protection in water conservancy projects, and specifically to a safe and efficient fish descending device and a descending operation method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of human hydropower resources, dams and other facilities built in rivers will cut off the upstream and downstream of the river, making it impossible for fish in the river to cross the dam to complete their migration. Currently, fish can generally pass through the dam's spillway when going downstream. However, the spillways of many water conservancy projects are unconventional flood discharge dispatches, and their activation time is very short. Some have not been in operation for many years. However, the demand for fish to pass downstream through the dam exists every year, resulting in the lack of a channel for fish to pass downstream, which seriously affects the normal life and reproduction activities of fish, and causes serious damage to fish population protection and fishery resources.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a method of using a water replenishment channel to form a downward channel to assist young fish to go down and pass the dam. However, in some high mountain dams, due to the lack of construction land, the dam is too high, etc., there is a lack of geographical environment for building channels, or the construction of a downward channel across the dam is extremely costly, and it is not suitable to build a channel for young fish to go down and pass the dam. There is also a technology that uses a fish gathering mechanism to gather young fish into a box and pass the dam by an elevator. However, since it requires manual operation throughout the process and has high usage and maintenance costs, and the collection and transportation efficiency is also low, it is not suitable for widespread promotion and use. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a safe and efficient fish descending device and descending operation method which can be applied to geographical environments such as mountain high dams where there is a lack of fish descending channels.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A safe and efficient fish descending device comprises a descending tower, a descending fishway is arranged on the descending tower, the descending tower comprises a middle column, the descending fishway comprises a spiral fishway, and the spiral fishway is spirally coiled on the outer side of the middle column; the top of the spiral fishway is connected to the upstream river channel through the upstream fishway, and the bottom of the spiral fishway is connected to the downstream river channel through the downstream fishway; an upstream dispatching area connected to the upstream fishway is arranged on one side of the upstream river channel, and the upstream dispatching area comprises a fish attracting pond; the fish attracting pond is connected to the upstream river channel through a gate; and a fish attracting mechanism is arranged at the entrance of the fish attracting pond.

[0006] Preferably, the downstream fishway is a groove-shaped structure with a concave cross-section, and a buffer mechanism is provided on the inner side of the downstream fishway.

[0007] Preferably, the buffer mechanism comprises a buffer air cushion, and the buffer air cushion is respectively attached to the bottom surface and both side surfaces of the inner side of the downward fishway.

[0008] Preferably, an extended baffle is provided on the outer side surface of the spiral fishway, and the top of the extended baffle is bent inwardly; and a buffer air cushion is provided on the inner side of the extended baffle.

[0009] Preferably, the upstream dispatching area includes a buffer pool connected to the downstream fishway, and the buffer pool and the fish attracting pool are connected by a gate; the buffer pool and the upstream of the river are connected by a buffer channel, and a gate is provided at the entrance of the buffer channel.

[0010] Preferably, a fish attracting mechanism is provided at the entrance of the fish attracting pond, and the fish attracting mechanism includes at least one of a flow-making mechanism, a fish attracting sound-generating mechanism or a fish attracting light-emitting mechanism; Preferably, a buffer fishway is provided at the end of the downstream fishway, and the buffer fishway is a groove structure with a trapezoidal longitudinal section; the narrowest part of the buffer fishway is connected to the downstream fishway, and the widest part is connected to the downstream river channel; a buffer mechanism is provided on the inside of the buffer fishway.

[0011] Preferably, the inclination angles of the upstream fishway, the spiral fishway and the downstream fishway are 3-10°, and the inclination angle of the buffer fishway is 0.5-2°.

[0012] A method for descending the fish descending device comprises the following steps: S1. Draining the fish pond: Open the gate at the entrance of the fish pond to fill the pond with water until the water surface is stable; S2, attracting young fish into the fish-attracting pond: turning on the fish-attracting mechanism to attract young fish from upstream of the river into the fish-attracting pond; S3, releasing water from the buffer pool: Open the gate at the entrance of the buffer pool and release water into the buffer pool through the buffer channel; at the same time, the downstream fishway also receives water from the buffer pool, so that the downstream fishway is also filled with water; S4, releasing fish into the fish attracting pond: after the water flow in the buffer pond and the downstream fishway becomes smooth, open the gate between the fish attracting pond and the buffer pond, and release the young fish from the fish attracting pond into the buffer pond; S5. Downward passage over the dam: Pushed by the water flow, the young fish pass through the buffer pool and enter the downstream fishway. After passing through the upstream fishway, spiral fishway, downstream fishway and buffer fishway, they enter the downstream of the river channel and complete the downward passage over the dam.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention include: The present invention adopts a spiral downward fishway structure to form a downward tower to provide a downward path for young fish to pass the dam, thereby folding the space occupied by the fishway to the greatest extent, and can be used in geographical environments such as mountain high dams where there is a lack of downward channels. At the same time, the head difference at the high and low ends of the downward fishway is used to provide power for the young fish to go downward. After entering the downward fishway, the young fish pass the dam faster and have a higher success rate of passing the dam, which effectively improves the efficiency and safety of migratory fish young fish passing the dam, and protects fish resources.

[0014] The present invention provides a fish luring pond controlled by gate scheduling at the connection between the upstream fishway and the river channel, and provides a fish luring mechanism, through which young fish can be lured into the fish luring pond and further into the downstream fishway; the fish luring mechanism can be a combination of at least one or more of a flow-making mechanism, a fish luring sound-generating mechanism or a fish luring light-emitting mechanism, and the young fish are lured into the pond through artificial water flow and fish luring sound and light signals; during use, no manual control is required, and only the opening and closing of the gate need to be manually controlled in the opening and closing stages, and the maintenance cost and the use cost are both low, which is suitable for wide promotion and use.

[0015] The present invention further provides a buffer pool at the fish luring pond. Before opening the fish luring pond, the buffer pool and the water in the downstream fishway are first filled, and then the fish luring pond is opened, which can play a buffering effect and avoid the problem that the young fish are directly rushed into the downstream fishway due to sudden opening of the fish luring pond, causing collision and injury. At the same time, a buffer fishway is provided at the end of the downstream fishway, and the buffer fishway can form a buffer between the downstream fishway and the downstream of the river channel. The water flow speed in the fishway is greatly reduced by reducing the inclination angle of the fishway and expanding the width of the fishway, thereby alleviating the high-speed water flow in the fishway caused by the slope, and avoiding the young fish being injured due to the excessively high water flow speed entering the downstream river channel.

[0016] The present invention provides a buffer mechanism composed of a buffer air cushion on the inner side of the downward fishway, which can prevent the young fish from colliding with the fishway wall and being injured; at the same time, an extension plate is provided on the outer side of the spiral fishway, which can prevent the young fish from being thrown out of the spiral fishway due to centrifugal force. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the down-going tower of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the spiral fishway of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic top view of the upstream dispatching area structure of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: upstream dispatching area 1; fish attracting pond 11; buffer pond 12; buffer channel 13; fish attracting mechanism 14; gate 2; downstream fishway 3; upstream fishway 31; spiral fishway 32; downstream fishway 33; buffer fishway 34; extended baffle 35; buffer air cushion 36; downstream tower 4; middle column 41; support member 42; dam 5; upstream river channel 51; downstream river channel 52. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is a further explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments. Figure 1As shown, this embodiment is a safe and efficient fish descending device, which mainly includes a descending tower 4, on which a descending fishway 3 is arranged, the bottom end of the descending fishway 3 is connected to the downstream river channel, and the top end is connected to the upstream river channel through the upstream scheduling area 1; the upstream scheduling area 1 is provided with multiple areas and is scheduled through the sluice 2.

[0020] The structure of the down tower 4 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it mainly includes a central column vertically arranged beside the downstream river channel; the downstream fishway 3 is mainly divided into an upstream fishway 31, a spiral fishway 32 and a downstream fishway 33 connected in sequence, the upstream fishway 31 is connected to the upstream dispatching area 1, and the specific shapes of the upstream fishway 31 and the downstream fishway 33 can be adaptively changed according to the specific shape of the river channel, and are not limited to the shapes described in the drawings of this application; the spiral fishway 32 is fixedly connected to the central column 41 through a support member 42, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown; the upstream fishway 31 and the downstream fishway 33 can be fixed by setting fixed columns at the bottom, or other fixed structures can be set according to the terrain.

[0021] The cross section of the downward fishway 3 is a concave groove structure, and the inner side thereof forms a channel for the young fish to descend; an extended baffle 35 is provided on the outer side plate of the spiral fishway 32, and the cross section of the extended baffle 35 is an arc, and its bending direction is inward, which is used to block the young fish descending in the spiral fishway 32 and prevent the young fish from being thrown out of the spiral fishway 32 from the outside due to centrifugal force; Figure 3 As shown, a buffer air cushion 36 is laid on the inner side of the downstream fishway 3; the buffer air cushion 36 can provide a buffer layer between the young fish and the fishway to prevent the young fish from directly colliding with the fishway and causing injuries; the buffer air cushion 36 is also provided on the inner side of the extended baffle 35.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, a buffer fishway 34 is connected to the end of the downstream fishway 33. The inclination angle of the buffer fishway 34 is lower than that of other parts of the downstream fishway, so that when water enters the buffer fishway 34 from the downstream fishway 33, the speed is slowed down; at the same time, the longitudinal section of the buffer fishway 34 is a trapezoid, that is, the width of its cross-section becomes wider uniformly, the narrowest part is connected to the downstream fishway 33, and the widest part is connected to the downstream river channel; because the width of the buffer fishway 34 gradually becomes wider, the water flow speed in the buffer fishway 34 can be further reduced, thereby alleviating the impact of the young fish entering the river and improving the success rate of the young fish surviving downstream.

[0023] The specific structure of upstream dispatching area 1 is as follows Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4The direction of the middle arrow is the direction of water flow; the upstream dispatching area 1 mainly includes a fish luring pond 11, the entrance of the fish luring pond 11 is connected to the upstream river channel 51, and a fish luring mechanism 14 is arranged at the entrance; the fish luring mechanism 14 can use artificial flow to generate fish luring water flow to attract young fish into the fish luring pond 11, or use a sound-generating mechanism, a light-emitting mechanism, etc. to generate fish-luring sound and light to attract young fish into the fish luring pond 11, and different fish luring mechanisms 14 can also be used in combination to attract target young fish in a targeted manner.

[0024] A buffer pool 12 is provided in communication with the fish luring pond 11, and the other end of the buffer pool 12 is connected with the upstream fishway 31, and is used as a buffer between the fish luring pond 11 and the downstream fishway 3; one side of the buffer pool 12 is connected with the upstream river 51 through the buffer channel 13, and water can be drawn from the upstream river 51; gates 2 are provided at the entrance of the fish luring pond 11, between the buffer pool 12 and the fish luring pond 11, and at the entrance of the buffer channel 13; when the gate 2 is closed, the water flow on both sides of the gate is cut off, and when it is opened, the water flow on both sides of the gate is connected; a tributary can be provided on one side of the buffer channel 13, which is introduced into the fish luring mechanism 14 at the entrance of the fish luring pond 11, so that the water in the buffer channel 13 can be used to create a natural water flow, so there is no need to set up a special water pump and water pipe for flow generation, further reducing the operating cost.

[0025] When this embodiment is actually used, the following steps are included: S1, draining the fish luring pond 11: opening the gate 2 at the entrance of the fish luring pond 11, so that the fish luring pond 11 is filled with water until the water surface is stable; S2, attracting young fish into the fish attracting pond 11: turning on the fish attracting mechanism 14 to attract young fish from upstream of the river into the fish attracting pond 11; S3, releasing water from the buffer pool 12: Open the gate 2 at the entrance of the buffer channel 13, and release water into the buffer pool 12 through the buffer channel 13; at the same time, the downstream fishway 3 also receives water from the buffer pool 13, so that the downstream fishway 3 is also filled with water; S4, releasing fish from the fish-attracting pond 11: after the water flow in the buffer pond 12 and the downstream fishway 3 is smooth, the gate 2 between the fish-attracting pond 11 and the buffer pond 12 is opened, and the young fish are released from the fish-attracting pond 11 into the buffer pond 12; at the same time, the gate 2 at the entrance of the buffer channel 13 is closed, and water is stopped from being diverted from the buffer channel 13 to the buffer pond 12; but when the water flow in the downstream fishway 3 is insufficient, the gate 2 at the entrance of the buffer channel 13 can be opened again to supplement water diversion; S5, Downward passage through the dam: The young fish, pushed by the water flow, pass through the buffer pool 12 and enter the downstream fishway 3, and then enter the downstream river channel 52 after passing through the upstream fishway 31, the spiral fishway 32, the downstream fishway 33 and the buffer fishway 34, thus completing the downward passage through the dam.

[0026] In this embodiment, the inclination angles of the upstream fishway 31, the spiral fishway 32 and the downstream fishway 33 in the downstream fishway 3 are all 8°, and the inclination angle of the buffer fishway 34 is 1°. The above description is only a further explanation of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. All descriptions do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or replacement schemes that can be easily thought of by any technician in this field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A safe and efficient fish descending device, comprising a descending tower, on which a descending fishway is arranged, characterized in that: The descending tower includes a middle column, and the descending fishway includes a spiral fishway, which is spirally coiled on the outside of the middle column; the top of the spiral fishway is connected to the upstream river channel through the upstream fishway, and the bottom of the spiral fishway is connected to the downstream river channel through the downstream fishway; an upstream dispatching area connected to the upstream fishway is arranged on one side of the upstream river channel, and the upstream dispatching area includes a fish luring pond; the fish luring pond is connected to the upstream river channel through a gate; and a fish luring mechanism is arranged at the entrance of the fish luring pond.

2. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The downstream fishway is a groove-shaped structure with a concave cross section, and a buffer mechanism is arranged on the inner side of the downstream fishway.

3. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The buffer mechanism comprises a buffer air cushion, and the buffer air cushion is respectively attached to the bottom surface and two side surfaces of the inner side of the downward fishway.

4. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: An extended baffle is arranged on the outer side of the spiral fishway, and the top of the extended baffle is bent inwardly; a buffer air cushion is arranged on the inner side of the extended baffle.

5. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upstream dispatching area includes a buffer pool connected to the downstream fishway, and the buffer pool is connected to the fish attracting pool through a gate; the buffer pool is connected to the upstream of the river through a buffer channel, and a gate is provided at the entrance of the buffer channel.

6. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fish attracting mechanism is arranged at the entrance of the fish attracting pond, and the fish attracting mechanism comprises at least one of a flow-making mechanism, a fish attracting sound-generating mechanism or a fish attracting light-emitting mechanism.

7. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer fishway is provided at the end of the downstream fishway, and the buffer fishway is a groove structure with a trapezoidal longitudinal section; the narrowest part of the buffer fishway is connected to the downstream fishway, and the widest part is connected to the downstream river channel; a buffer mechanism is provided inside the buffer fishway.

8. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inclination angles of the upstream fishway, the spiral fishway and the downstream fishway are 3-10°, and the inclination angle of the buffer fishway is 0.5-2°.

9. A method for descending the fish descending device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: S1. Draining the fish pond: Open the gate at the entrance of the fish pond to fill the pond with water until the water surface is stable; S2, attracting young fish into the fish-attracting pond: turning on the fish-attracting mechanism to attract young fish from upstream of the river into the fish-attracting pond; S3, releasing water from the buffer pool: Open the gate at the entrance of the buffer pool and release water into the buffer pool through the buffer channel; at the same time, the downstream fishway also receives water from the buffer pool, so that the downstream fishway is also filled with water; S4, releasing fish into the fish attracting pond: after the water flow in the buffer pond and the downstream fishway becomes smooth, open the gate between the fish attracting pond and the buffer pond, and release the young fish from the fish attracting pond into the buffer pond; S5. Downward passage over the dam: Pushed by the water flow, the young fish pass through the buffer pool and enter the downstream fishway. After passing through the upstream fishway, spiral fishway, downstream fishway and buffer fishway, they enter the downstream of the river channel and complete the downward passage over the dam.

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