A safe and efficient fish descending device and descending operation method

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of fish protection in water conservancy projects, specifically a safe and efficient fish downstream device and a downstream operation method, including a downstream tower. A downstream fishway is provided on the downstream tower, which is respectively connected to the upstream and downstream river channels through a fish attracting pond and a buffer fishway; an upstream scheduling area controlled by a gate is set upstream to attract juvenile fish and send them into the downstream fishway; the spiral downstream fishway is set in this application, greatly reducing the floor area required for the fish downstream channel, and is applicable to various mountain high dam environments lacking a downstream channel; at the same time, by setting a buffer pond and a buffer fishway, the impact on fish during downstream can be greatly reduced, increasing the survival rate of fish; after attracting juvenile fish into the fish attracting pond through the fish attracting mechanism, the upstream and downstream water head difference can be used as power to quickly send the juvenile fish through the downstream fishway to the downstream river channel, with high downstream efficiency while maintaining low maintenance costs, and is suitable for wide promotion and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fish protection in water conservancy projects, and specifically to a safe and efficient fish descending device and a descending operation method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of human water resources, facilities such as dams built in river channels will cut off the upstream and downstream of the river channels, making it impossible for fish in the river to cross the dam to complete migration; currently, fish generally pass through the spillway of the dam to descend, but the spillways of many water conservancy projects belong to unconventional flood discharge scheduling, and their opening time is very short, and some even do not operate for many years. However, the demand for fish to descend through the dam exists every year, resulting in no passage for fish to descend through the dam, seriously affecting the normal life and reproduction activities of fish, and causing serious damage to fish population protection and fishery resources.

[0003] In the prior art, there is a method of using a water replenishment channel to form a descending channel to assist young fish in descending through the dam. However, in some high dams in the mountains, due to factors such as lack of construction land and excessive dam height, there is a lack of geographical environment for building a channel, or the cost of building a descending dam passage is huge and it is not suitable to be built as a channel for young fish to descend through the dam; there is also a technology of using a fish collection mechanism to concentrate young fish into a box and pass through the dam by an elevator. However, because it requires manual operation throughout the process and has high usage and maintenance costs, and the collection and transportation efficiency is also low, it is not suitable for wide promotion and use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe and efficient fish descending device and a descending operation method applicable to situations where there is a lack of geographical environment for building a fish descending channel, such as high dams in the mountains.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A safe and efficient fish descending device includes a descending tower, on which a descending fishway is provided. The descending tower includes a middle column, and the descending fishway includes a spiral fishway, which is spirally wound around the outside of the middle column; the top of the spiral fishway is connected to the upstream river channel through an upstream fishway, and the bottom of the spiral fishway is connected to the downstream river channel through a downstream fishway; on one side of the upstream river channel, there is an upstream scheduling area connected to the upstream fishway, and the upstream scheduling area includes a fish attracting pond; the fish attracting pond is connected to the upstream river channel through a gate; a fish attracting mechanism is provided at the entrance of the fish attracting pond.

[0007] Preferably, the descending fishway is a trough-shaped structure with a concave cross-section, and a buffer mechanism is provided on the inner side of the descending fishway.

[0008] Preferably, the buffer mechanism includes buffer air cushions, which are respectively attached to the bottom surface and both side surfaces on the inner side of the descending fishway.

[0009] Preferably, an extended baffle is provided on the outer side of the spiral fishway, and the top of the extended baffle is bent inward; a buffer air cushion is provided inside the extended baffle.

[0010] Preferably, the upstream scheduling area includes a buffer pool communicating with the downstream fishway, and the buffer pool is connected to the fish attracting pool through a gate; the buffer pool is connected to the upstream of the river through a buffer water channel, and a gate is provided at the entrance of the buffer water channel.

[0011] Preferably, a fish attracting mechanism is provided at the entrance of the fish attracting pool, and the fish attracting mechanism includes at least one of a flow generating mechanism, a fish attracting sound generating mechanism or a fish attracting light generating mechanism;

[0012] Preferably, a buffer fishway is provided at the end of the downstream fishway, and the buffer fishway is a groove structure with a trapezoidal longitudinal section; the narrowest part of the width of the buffer fishway is connected to the downstream fishway, and the widest part of the width is connected to the downstream river; a buffer mechanism is provided inside the buffer fishway.

[0013] Preferably, the inclination angles of the upstream fishway, the spiral fishway and the downstream fishway are 3-10°, and the inclination angle of the buffer fishway is 0.5-2°.

[0014] A downstream operation method for the above-mentioned fish downstream device includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Discharging water from the fish attracting pool: Open the gate at the entrance of the fish attracting pool to fill the fish attracting pool with water until the water surface is stable;

[0016] S2. Attracting young fish into the fish attracting pool: Start the fish attracting mechanism to attract young fish to enter the fish attracting pool from the upper reaches of the river;

[0017] S3. Discharging water from the buffer pool: Open the gate at the entrance of the buffer pool and discharge water into the buffer pool through the buffer water channel; at the same time, the downstream fishway also gets water discharged from the buffer pool, so that the downstream fishway is also filled with water;

[0018] S4. Releasing fish from the fish attracting pool: After the water flow in the buffer pool and the downstream fishway is gentle, open the gate between the fish attracting pool and the buffer pool to release the young fish from the fish attracting pool into the buffer pool;

[0019] S5. Downstream dam crossing: The young fish are pushed by the water flow to pass through the buffer pool and enter the downstream fishway, and then enter the downstream of the river through the upstream fishway, the spiral fishway, the downstream fishway and the buffer fishway, completing the downstream dam crossing.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0021] The present invention adopts a spiral-shaped downstream fishway structure to form a downstream tower to provide a path for juvenile fish to pass downstream over the dam, maximizing the folding of the land occupation space of the fishway and enabling it to be used in geographical environments such as mountain high dams lacking a downstream passage; meanwhile, the water head difference between the high and low ends of the downstream fishway is utilized to provide the driving force for the juvenile fish to move downstream. After entering the downstream fishway, the dam-passing speed of the juvenile fish is relatively fast, and the dam-passing success rate is relatively high, effectively improving the efficiency and safety of the downstream dam-passing of migratory fish juveniles and maintaining fish resources.

[0022] The present invention sets a fish attracting pool controlled by gate scheduling at the connection between the upstream fishway and the river channel, and a fish attracting mechanism is set. Through the fish attracting mechanism, juvenile fish can be attracted into the fish attracting pool and further into the downstream fishway; the fish attracting mechanism can be at least one or a combination of multiple of a flow generating mechanism, a fish attracting sound generating mechanism, or a fish attracting light generating mechanism, and juvenile fish are attracted through artificial water flow and fish attracting sound and light signals; during use, no manual control is required, and only the opening and closing of the gate need to be manually controlled during the opening and closing stages, and both the maintenance cost and the use cost are low, making it suitable for wide promotion and use.

[0023] The present invention also sets a buffer pool at the fish attracting pool. Before opening the fish attracting pool, the water in the buffer pool and the downstream fishway is filled first, and then the fish attracting pool is opened, which can play a buffering effect and avoid problems such as the juvenile fish being directly washed into the downstream fishway and colliding and getting injured when the fish attracting pool is suddenly opened; meanwhile, a buffer fishway is set at the end of the downstream fishway. The buffer fishway can form a buffer between the downstream fishway and the downstream of the river channel. By reducing the inclination angle of the fishway and expanding the width of the fishway, the water flow speed in the fishway is significantly reduced, thereby alleviating the high-speed water flow caused by the slope in the fishway and avoiding the juvenile fish being injured due to the too high water flow speed when entering the downstream river channel.

[0024] The present invention sets a buffer mechanism composed of buffer air cushions on the inner side of the downstream fishway. Through the buffer air cushions, the juvenile fish can be prevented from hitting the fishway wall and getting injured; meanwhile, an extension plate is set on the outer side of the spiral fishway, and the extension plate can prevent the juvenile fish from being thrown out of the fishway due to centrifugal force in the spiral fishway. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the downstream tower of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the spiral fishway of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a top view schematic diagram of the structure of the upstream scheduling area of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: upstream scheduling area 1; fish attracting pond 11; buffer pond 12; buffer water channel 13; fish attracting mechanism 14; gate 2; downstream fishway 3; upstream fishway 31; spiral fishway 32; downstream fishway 33; buffer fishway 34; extended baffle 35; buffer air cushion 36; downstream tower 4; middle column 41; support member 42; dam 5; upstream river course 51; downstream river course 52. Detailed implementation mode

[0030] The following is a further explanatory description of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment is a safe and efficient fish downstream device, mainly including a downstream tower 4. A downstream fishway 3 is arranged on the downstream tower 4. The bottom end of the downstream fishway 3 is connected to the downstream river course, and the top end is connected to the upstream river course through the upstream scheduling area 1; the upstream scheduling area 1 is provided with multiple areas and is scheduled through the gate 2.

[0031] The structure of the downstream tower 4 is as Figure 2 shown, mainly including a middle column vertically arranged beside the downstream river course; the downstream fishway 3 is mainly divided into an upstream fishway 31, a spiral fishway 32 and a downstream fishway 33 which are connected in sequence. The upstream fishway 31 is connected to the upstream scheduling area 1. The specific shapes of the upstream fishway 31 and the downstream fishway 33 can be adaptively changed according to the specific shape of the river course trend, rather than being limited to the shapes described in the drawings of this application; the spiral fishway 32 is fixedly connected to the middle column 41 through the support member 42, as Figure 3 shown; the upstream fishway 31 and the downstream fishway 33 can be fixed by setting fixing columns at the bottom, or other fixing structures can be set according to the terrain.

[0032] The cross-section of the downstream fishway 3 is a concave-shaped trough structure, and a channel for young fish to go downstream is formed inside it; an extended baffle 35 is arranged on the outer side plate of the spiral fishway 32. The cross-section of the extended baffle 35 is arc-shaped, and its bending direction is inward, used to block the young fish going downstream in the spiral fishway 32 to prevent the young fish from being thrown out of the spiral fishway 32 from the outside due to centrifugal force; as Figure 3 shown, buffer air cushions 36 are laid on the inner sides of the downstream fishway 3; the buffer air cushions 36 can provide a layer of buffer between the young fish and the fishway to prevent the young fish from directly colliding with the fishway and getting injured; the buffer air cushions 36 are also arranged on the inner side of the extended baffle 35.

[0033] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, a buffer fishway 34 is connected to the end of the downstream fishway 33. The inclination angle of the buffer fishway 34 is lower than that of other parts of the downstream fishway, so that when the water enters the buffer fishway 34 from the downstream fishway 33, the speed is slowed down. At the same time, the longitudinal section of the buffer fishway 34 is trapezoidal, that is, its cross-sectional width gradually becomes wider. The narrowest part is connected to the downstream fishway 33, and the widest part is connected to the downstream river channel. Since the width of the buffer fishway 34 gradually becomes wider, the water flow speed in the buffer fishway 34 can be further reduced, thereby alleviating the impact when the juvenile fish enter the river and improving the success rate of the downstream survival of the juvenile fish.

[0034] The specific structure of the upstream scheduling area 1 is as Figure 4 shown Figure 4 The direction of the arrow in the figure is the direction of the water flow. The upstream scheduling area 1 mainly includes a fish attracting pool 11. The entrance of the fish attracting pool 11 is connected to the upstream river channel 51, and a fish attracting mechanism 14 is arranged at the entrance. The fish attracting mechanism 14 can generate a fish attracting water flow in the way of artificial water flow to attract the juvenile fish into the fish attracting pool 11, or use a sound generating mechanism, a light emitting mechanism, etc. to generate the sound and light for attracting fish to attract the juvenile fish into the fish attracting pool 11, or different fish attracting mechanisms 14 can be used in combination to specifically attract the target juvenile fish.

[0035] A buffer pool 12 is connected to the fish attracting pool 11. The other end of the buffer pool 12 is connected to the upstream fishway 31, which is used as a buffer between the fish attracting pool 11 and the downstream fishway 3. One side of the buffer pool 12 is connected to the upstream river channel 51 through a buffer water channel 13, and water can be diverted from the upstream river channel 51. Gates 2 are arranged at the entrance of the fish attracting pool 11, between the buffer pool 12 and the fish attracting pool 11, and at the entrance of the buffer water channel 13. When the gate 2 is closed, the water flow on both sides of the gate is cut off, and when it is opened, the water flow on both sides of the gate is connected. A branch can be arranged on one side of the buffer water channel 13 and introduced into the fish attracting mechanism 14 at the entrance of the fish attracting pool 11, so that the natural water flow can be created by using the water in the buffer water channel 13, thus eliminating the need to set up a special water flow generating water pump and water pipe, and further reducing the operation cost.

[0036] When this embodiment is actually used, it includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Release water in the fish attracting pool 11: Open the gate 2 at the entrance of the fish attracting pool 11 to fill the fish attracting pool 11 with water until the water surface is stable.

[0038] S2. Attract juvenile fish into the fish attracting pool 11: Start the fish attracting mechanism 14 to attract the juvenile fish to enter the fish attracting pool 11 from the upper reaches of the river channel.

[0039] S3. Release water in the buffer pool 12: Open the gate 2 at the entrance of the buffer water channel 13 to release water into the buffer pool 12 through the buffer water channel 13. At the same time, the downstream fishway 3 also gets water released from the buffer pool 13, so that the downstream fishway 3 is also filled with water.

[0040] S4. Releasing fish into the fish attracting pond 11: After the water flow in the buffer pond 12 and the downstream fishway 3 becomes gentle, open the gate 2 between the fish attracting pond 11 and the buffer pond 12, and release the juvenile fish from the fish attracting pond 11 into the buffer pond 12; meanwhile, close the gate 2 at the entrance of the buffer water channel 13 to stop diverting water from the buffer water channel 13 into the buffer pond 12; however, when the water flow in the downstream fishway 3 is insufficient, the gate 2 at the entrance of the buffer water channel 13 can be opened again to supplement the diverted water.

[0041] S5. Downstream over the dam: The juvenile fish enter the downstream fishway 3 under the push of the water flow through the buffer pond 12, and enter the downstream river channel 52 after passing through the upstream fishway 31, the spiral fishway 32, the downstream fishway 33, and the buffer fishway 34, completing the downstream over the dam.

[0042] In this embodiment, the inclination angles of the upstream fishway 31, the spiral fishway 32, and the downstream fishway 33 in the downstream fishway 3 are all 8°, and the inclination angle of the buffer fishway 34 is 1°.

[0043] As described above, it is only a further explanatory description of the present invention in combination with specific embodiments. All the descriptions made do not represent a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes or alternative solutions that can be easily thought of by any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claimed rights.

Claims

1. A safe and efficient fish descending device, including a descending tower, and a fish descending channel is arranged on the descending tower, characterized in that: The downstream fishway tower includes a middle column, and the downstream fishway includes a spiral fishway which is spirally wound around the outside of the middle column; the top of the spiral fishway is connected to the upstream river channel through an upstream fishway, and the bottom of the spiral fishway is connected to the downstream river channel through a downstream fishway; on one side of the upstream river channel, there is an upstream scheduling area connected to the upstream fishway, and the upstream scheduling area includes a fish attracting pond; the fish attracting pond is connected to the upstream river channel through a gate; a fish attracting mechanism is arranged at the entrance of the fish attracting pond; the downstream fishway is a trough-shaped structure with a concave cross-section, and a buffer mechanism is arranged inside the downstream fishway; the buffer mechanism includes buffer air cushions which are respectively attached to the bottom surface and both side surfaces inside the downstream fishway; an extended baffle is arranged on the outer side surface of the spiral fishway, and the top of the extended baffle bends inwards; a buffer air cushion is arranged inside the extended baffle; the upstream scheduling area includes a buffer pond communicated with the downstream fishway, and the buffer pond is connected to the fish attracting pond through a gate; the buffer pond is connected to the upstream of the river channel through a buffer water channel, and a gate is arranged at the entrance of the buffer water channel; the buffer water channel is connected to the fish attracting mechanism through a tributary.

2. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fish attracting mechanism is arranged at the entrance of the fish attracting pond, and the fish attracting mechanism includes at least one of a flow generating mechanism, a fish attracting sound generating mechanism or a fish attracting light generating mechanism.

3. The safe and efficient fish downward device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer fishway is arranged at the end of the downstream fishway, and the buffer fishway is a groove structure with a trapezoidal longitudinal section; the narrowest part of the width of the buffer fishway is connected to the downstream fishway, and the widest part of the width is connected to the downstream river channel; a buffer mechanism is arranged inside the buffer fishway.

4. The safe and efficient fish descending device according to claim 3, wherein: The inclination angles of the upstream fishway, the spiral fishway and the downstream fishway are 3 - 10°, and the inclination angle of the buffer fishway is 0.5 - 2°.

5. A downstream operation method for the fish downstream device according to any one of claims 1 - 4, comprising the following steps: S1. Releasing water in the fish attracting pond: Open the gate at the entrance of the fish attracting pond to fill the fish attracting pond with water until the water surface is stable. S2. Attracting juvenile fish into the fish attracting pond: Start the fish attracting mechanism to attract juvenile fish to enter the fish attracting pond from the upper reaches of the river channel. S3. Releasing water in the buffer pond: Open the gate at the entrance of the buffer pond to release water into the buffer pond through the buffer water channel; at the same time, the downstream fishway also gets water released from the buffer pond to fill the downstream fishway with water. S4. Releasing fish from the fish attracting pond: After the water flow in the buffer pond and the downstream fishway is gentle, open the gate between the fish attracting pond and the buffer pond to release the juvenile fish from the fish attracting pond into the buffer pond. S5. Downstream over the dam: The juvenile fish enter the downstream fishway through the buffer pond under the push of the water flow, and enter the downstream of the river channel after passing through the upstream fishway, the spiral fishway, the downstream fishway and the buffer fishway, completing the downstream over the dam.

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