Drainage and water supplement dual-purpose canal for farmland

Abstract

Sealing devices are arranged at the two ends of the water channel, a cast-in-place concrete structure is adopted, a gate is arranged, the water sealing performance is guaranteed, the water level is controlled, normal flowing of water is kept between the middle section of the water channel and the farmland, and therefore the farmland and the middle section of the water channel form a whole; the humidity of a farmland can be visually reflected and adjusted through the water level in the canal, when water supplementing is needed, gates at the two ends of the canal are closed, water is pumped into the canal, water supplementing is completed, when water drainage is needed, the gates at the two ends of the canal are opened, the water level in the canal is controlled, and water drainage is completed. Each unit structure is divided into a bottom plate and two vertical walls, the bottom plate is of a reinforced concrete structure, the vertical walls are made of foam concrete, protrusions are arranged on the bottom plate, grooves are formed and used for installing the vertical walls, coping on the upper faces of the vertical walls are made of cast-in-place concrete, plastic drainage plates are arranged on the water channel at intervals, and the flowability of water between the farmland and the water channel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a dual-purpose water channel for drainage and water replenishment of farmland. Background Art

[0002] The existing farmland water channel generally adopts assembled U-shaped plates, which have poor structural strength and stability, inconvenient construction, and cannot guarantee the construction quality. The overall cast-in-place concrete structure is mainly inconvenient to construct and does not have drainage function. Many farmlands in plain areas are seriously flooded. Traditional ditching is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also cannot guarantee the effect. Therefore, I propose a water channel that can be used for both drainage and water replenishment.

[0003] The foundation of the canal is the most important. The construction quality of the U-shaped plate canal is mostly due to its substandard foundation. The side plates of the canal are more required to be stable. As long as they are not broken and can effectively retain soil, it will be fine. Therefore, the structure of the present invention mainly starts from the stability of the canal foundation and the vertical wall. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention arranges sealing devices at both ends of the water channel, adopts cast-in-place concrete structures (11, 13) and arranges gates (12) to ensure water sealing and control the water level, and maintains normal water flow between the middle section of the water channel and the farmland. In this way, the farmland and the middle section of the water channel form a whole, and the dryness and wetness of the farmland can be intuitively reflected and adjusted through the water level in the water channel. By controlling the water level in the water channel, water replenishment and drainage of the farmland can be completed.

[0005] The water channel adopts an assembled structure. Each unit structure is divided into a base plate (1) and two vertical walls (4). The base plate adopts a reinforced concrete structure to ensure its structural strength. The vertical walls adopt large-sized foam concrete to ensure their stability. The base plate (1) is provided with protrusions (2) (3) to form grooves for installing the vertical walls (4). The gap between the vertical walls and the grooves is filled with cement slurry or cement mortar to make the two become a whole.

[0006] The top of the vertical wall is made of cast-in-place concrete (14). Plastic drainage boards (10) are arranged at intervals between the canals to increase the fluidity of water between the farmland and the canals and drain excess groundwater in the farmland. Plastic gates (7) are arranged at intervals to replenish water and drain surface water from the farmland.

[0007] The water channel unit structure is 1m long and is formed by assembling a bottom plate (1) and a vertical wall (4). The bottom plate is made of reinforced concrete, with a thickness of 12cm, a length of 1m and a total width of 1.3m. There are square protrusions (2) and (3) with a width of 5cm on the bottom plate, with a clearance of 35cm between them. (2) is 5cm high and (3) is 10cm high. The vertical wall (4) is installed in the groove formed by (2) and (3). The vertical wall (4) is made of foam concrete or lightweight ceramsite bricks, with a height of 70cm, a length of 1m, a width of 24cm at the top and a width of 34cm at the bottom. After the vertical wall is installed, the gaps between (2), (3) and (4) are filled with mortar. The vertical wall is large in size, has good stability and is firmly connected to the bottom plate.

[0008] A circular plastic valve (7) with a diameter of 25 cm is installed at intervals in the middle section of the canal. A hole is reserved in the vertical wall (4) (it can be reserved during production). When installing the plastic valve, the hole gap is filled with mortar. Because the vertical wall is relatively thick, (7) can be completely installed within the thickness of the vertical wall. When the cast-in-place concrete is pressed on the top (14), a gap (15) is left to avoid the valve handle (8). In this way, (7) is completely non-exposed and not easily damaged. After (7) is installed, its top height is basically flush with or slightly lower than the surface of the farmland. It is necessary to dig a pit near (7) to keep the plastic valve (7) completely exposed. When the farmland needs to drain surface water, it can be combined with open digging of shallow trenches to connect with (7) to quickly drain the surface water of the farmland.

[0009] For farmland with drainage requirements, especially some farmland with serious waterlogging and saline-alkali land that needs to be treated, a 10 cm spacing is reserved between the unit structures of the water channel at intervals in the middle of the water channel, and then a plastic drainage board (10) is installed, one end of which is flush with the inner side of the vertical wall (4) and the other end is deep in the soil. The gap between the bottom plate (1) is filled with mortar, and the surface of the plastic drainage board (10) is wrapped with a layer of geotextile. After installation, the top height is 20 cm lower than the top of the vertical wall (4). (10) is cut at one end of the soil to prevent damage during farming. The upper end notch (16) is poured together when pouring the top concrete. The vertical wall (4) is made of lightweight ceramsite to increase its drainage. The plastic drainage board (10) can effectively drain the groundwater in the farmland, and the plastic valve (7) can quickly drain the surface water of the farmland. The combination of the two can effectively solve the problem of waterlogging in the farmland.

[0010] An integrated cast-in-place gate is arranged at both ends of the canal, including a structural water stop wall (11), a cast-in-place canal unit (12), and a gate (13). The steps of cast-in-place are as follows: ①, compacting the original soil, ②, low-grade concrete cushion layer (without gravel cushion layer), ③, cast-in-place structure, ④, backfilling the soil after the structure is cured and compacted, the bottom elevation of the water stop wall (11) is 20 cm lower than the bottom of the bottom plate (1), and the two sides are 50 cm wider than the extension of the vertical wall, (11) and (12) are both reinforced concrete structures, and the gate (13) is cast in-place into the structure (12). The integrated cast-in-place gate can provide good water tightness, so that the sluice can effectively control the water level in the canal, and control the dryness and wetness of the farmland through the water level in the canal.

[0011] The construction steps of water channel, especially the branch channel deep into the farmland, are as follows: ①, dig the trench to the predetermined elevation with an excavator, and level and compact the foundation; ②, install the base plate (1) from near to far, and form a continuously extending temporary access road by continuously laying (1), while transporting (1) with a small battery tricycle or four-wheel vehicle, and installing (1) with an excavator, until the installation is completed. If the foundation is uneven, gravel can be used to make up for it; ③, install the vertical wall (4) from far to near, while transporting (4) with a small battery vehicle, and installing (4), and at the same time, deal with the problematic base plate ④. After the vertical wall (4) is installed, the groove formed by (2) and (3) and the gap between (4) are filled with mortar to make the floor (1) and the vertical wall (4) form a whole; ⑤. The plastic valve (7) is installed and the top (14) is cast in place. The top elevation of (14) is generally 20 cm higher than that of the farmland; ⑥. Backfill soil on both sides of the channel.

[0012] During construction, the bottom plate (1) is first laid, which can not only form a temporary access road, but also effectively compact the channel foundation during the process of special vehicles transporting materials back and forth. Then, when installing the vertical wall (4), the bottom plate (1) can be adjusted for the second time, which ensures higher installation accuracy and smaller secondary settlement. If it is not necessary to use a temporary road to transport materials, an excavator equipped with hydraulic equipment can be used to statically press the bottom plate (1), and then make a second adjustment, which can effectively reduce the secondary settlement.

[0013] The vertical wall of this water channel is made of foam bricks or lightweight ceramsite bricks, and is assembled in unit structures. If the gap between unit structures is ≥5mm, it needs to be grouted with cement mortar. If the gap is less than 5mm, it does not need to be treated. If there are special requirements for water tightness of the water channel, when this solution is adopted, a layer of mesh plastering needs to be carried out inside the water channel to ensure the water tightness of the water channel.

[0014] In this plan, the vertical walls are made of foam bricks or lightweight expanded clay bricks, mainly because the two materials have low density and corresponding effective strength. Foam bricks are more suitable for farmland with small drainage requirements. Lightweight expanded clay bricks have larger gaps and good drainage, and are more suitable for farmland with large drainage requirements. The vertical walls are large and full-size, which can avoid upper and lower masonry, greatly enhancing the stability of the vertical walls. The gap between the vertical wall and the bottom plate groove is filled with mortar, so that the vertical wall and the floor form a solid whole, which can effectively retain soil and have a good service life.

[0015] The middle section of the channel in the present invention has no special requirements for water tightness, the construction of the channel is greatly simplified, and the main body adopts assembled construction, which can greatly improve the construction speed.

[0016] The present invention proposes two channel layout schemes: 1. The total length of the main canal is relatively small. The main canal can adopt the scheme of the present invention and has a drainage function. Then an integrated cast-in-place gate is set between the branch canal and the main canal, and an integrated cast-in-place gate can also be set at the main canal outlet. Assuming the farmland surface elevation is ±0m, the branch canal top elevation is 0.2m, the bottom elevation is -0.7m, the main canal top elevation is 0.5m, the bottom elevation is -1m, and the spacing between the branch canals is about 100m. When replenishing water, close the main canal outlet and pump water into the main canal. As the water level rises, the water replenishment is completed. When draining water, open all valves; 2. The main canal is a water diversion canal and does not have a drainage function. A water diversion gate is set between the main canal and the branch canal, and a discharge outlet is set in the branch canal, and an integrated cast-in-place gate is set. When replenishing water, open the water diversion gate and close the discharge outlet. When draining water, close the water diversion gate and open the discharge outlet.

[0017] The dimensional data in the present invention can be appropriately changed as needed, mainly based on the actual situation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the channel bottom plate and vertical wall

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the canal unit structure

[0020] Figure 3 Diagram of water channel assembly

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the canal

[0022] Figure 5 A canal layout diagram

[0023] Figure 6 Layout diagram for another canal solution DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Attach Figure 5 For example, there are branch canals A, B, C, D, and main canal E in the figure. Main canal E is distributed along the road, and its outlet discharges into the river, while the branch canals extend deep into the farmland.

[0026] To construct this project, the branch canals must be constructed first, followed by the main canal. The branch canals should be constructed in the order of A, B, C, and D.

[0027] First construct branch canal A:

[0028] 1. Positioning and laying out, excavation of trenches by excavator, leveling and compacting of foundation, and replacement of unqualified foundation.

[0029] 2. Install the base plate (1) from near to far, and form a continuously extending temporary access road by continuously laying (1). Use a small battery tricycle or four-wheel vehicle to transport (1) while using an excavator to install (1) until the installation is completed. If the foundation is uneven, use crushed stones to make up for it.

[0030] 3. Install the vertical wall (4) from far to near, transport (4) with a small battery car while installing (4), and at the same time deal with the problematic base plate, use an excavator to lift (1), and use graded crushed stone to fill the low-lying areas to ensure that the joint error between (1) is ≤1cm. The base plate (1) can be statically pressed by an excavator equipped with hydraulic equipment to fine-tune the elevation. During the process, the drainage board (10) is installed at the same time.

[0031] 4. After the vertical wall (4) is installed, the gap between the groove formed by (2) and (3) and (4) is filled with mortar, so that the floor (1) and the vertical wall (4) form a whole.

[0032] 5. Install the plastic valve (7) and cast-in-place capping (14).

[0033] 6. Backfill soil on both sides of the channel and start construction of the integrated cast-in-place gate.

[0034] In the same steps, the branch canals B, C, and D are constructed sequentially or simultaneously. The main canal E can be constructed in sections while the branch canals B, C, and D are constructed. The main canal E is located next to the road and is convenient for transportation. No temporary access road is required. Therefore, during the installation of the bottom plate, static pressure is applied by an excavator equipped with a hydraulic device. After the bottom plate (1) is pressurized, the vertical wall (4) is constructed. The other steps are the same as before. Finally, the drainage outlet is constructed.

[0035] Assuming the surface elevation of farmland is ±0m, the top elevation of branch canal is 0.2m, the bottom elevation is -0.7m, the top elevation of main canal is 0.5m, the bottom elevation is -1m, the spacing between branch canals is about 100m, and the length of main canal is about 500m. Ridges are set between main canal and farmland to increase the water retention of farmland. Ridges are not set between branch canal and farmland. If the plot is too large and the difference in elevation between levels is large, ridges can be set in the middle of farmland.

[0036] The water channel of the present invention can be used not only for planting rice in paddy fields, but also for vegetable fields, gardens, and saline-alkali land management.

Claims

1. A dual-purpose canal for drainage and water replenishment for farmland, characterized in that: The watertight devices (11, 12, 13) of the canal are arranged at both ends of the canal. The middle section of the canal is assembled and constructed by using prefabricated structures (1, 4) and cast-in-place capping (15). The middle section of the canal has no special requirements for watertightness and it forms a system with the farmland. The water level of the canal can directly reflect and control the dryness and wetness of the farmland. Plastic drainage boards (10) are arranged at certain intervals to increase the water flow channel between the farmland and the canal.

2. A dual-purpose drainage and water replenishment canal for farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water channel unit structure is 1m long and is formed by assembling a base plate (1) and a vertical wall (4). The base plate is made of reinforced concrete, with a thickness of 12cm, a length of 1m and a total width of 1.3m. There are square protrusions (2) and (3) with a width of 5cm on the base plate, with a clearance of 35cm between them. (2) is 5cm high and (3) is 10cm high. The vertical wall (4) is installed in the groove formed by (2) and (3). The vertical wall (4) is made of foam concrete or lightweight expanded clay bricks, with a height of 70cm, a length of 1m, a width of 24cm at the top and a width of 34cm at the bottom. After the vertical wall is installed, the gaps between (2), (3) and (4) are filled with mortar (9).

3. A dual-purpose drainage and water replenishment canal for farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular plastic valve (7) with a diameter of 25 cm is installed at intervals in the middle section of the canal. The top of the valve is level with the farmland ground or slightly lower than the ground. A pit is dug around the valve to make the valve completely exposed. A hole is reserved in the vertical wall (4). When installing the plastic valve, the hole is filled with mortar. Because the vertical wall is thick, (7) can be completely installed within the thickness of the vertical wall. When the cast-in-place concrete is pressed on the top (14), a gap (15) is left to avoid the valve handle (8). In this way, (7) is not exposed at all and is not easily damaged.

4. The dual-purpose drainage and water replenishment canal for farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: For farmland with large drainage demand, a 10 cm spacing is reserved between the unit structures of the canal at intervals in the middle section of the canal, and then a 10 cm thick plastic drainage board (10) is installed, one end of which is flush with the inner side of the vertical wall and the other end is deep in the soil. The gap between the bottom plates (1) is filled with mortar, and the surface of the plastic drainage board (10) is wrapped with a layer of geotextile. After installation, the top height is 20 cm lower than the top of the vertical wall (4). (10) is cut at one end of the soil to prevent damage when cultivating the farmland. The upper end has a notch (16) to be poured together with the top concrete.

5. The dual-purpose drainage and water replenishment canal for farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: An integrated cast-in-place gate is arranged at both ends of the canal, including a structural water stop wall (11), a cast-in-place canal unit (12), and a gate (13). The cast-in-place steps include: compacting the original soil, a low-grade concrete cushion layer (without a gravel cushion layer), and a cast-in-place structure. After the structure is cured, the soil is backfilled and compacted. The bottom elevation of the water stop wall (11) is 20 cm lower than the bottom of the bottom plate (1), and the two sides are 50 cm wider than the outer extension of the vertical wall. (11) and (12) are both reinforced concrete structures. The gate (13) is cast in the structure (12). The integrated cast-in-place gate has good water sealing performance and can effectively protect the water retention of farmland. At the same time, the water level of the canal can be controlled by the gate.

6. The dual-purpose drainage and water replenishment canal for farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction steps of the water channel are as follows: ①, dig a trench to a predetermined elevation and level and compact the foundation; ②, install the bottom plate (1) from near to far to form a continuously extending temporary access road, transport (1) with a small battery tricycle or four-wheel vehicle, and install (1) with an excavator until the installation is completed; ③, install the vertical wall (4) from far to near, transport (4) with a small battery vehicle, and install (4) at the same time. During the installation, make a secondary adjustment to the bottom plate (1) that is not in place, lift it with an excavator (1), and adjust the low-lying areas. Use graded crushed stone to make up the difference in joint height between (1) ≤ 1 cm. Use equipment to statically press (1) and fine-tune the elevation. During the process, the drainage board (10) is installed together; ④. After the vertical wall (4) is installed, the gap between the groove formed by (2) and (3) and (4) is filled with mortar to make the floor (1) and the vertical wall (4) form a whole; ⑤. Install the plastic valve (7) and cast the top (14). The top elevation of (14) is generally 20 cm higher than that of the farmland; ⑥. Backfill soil on both sides of the channel.

7. The dual-purpose canal for drainage and water replenishment for farmland according to claim, characterized in that: Two canal arrangement methods are listed: ①, the main canal adopts the scheme of the present invention and has a drainage function, then an integrated cast-in-place gate is set between the branch canal and the main canal, and an integrated cast-in-place gate can also be set at the main canal outlet. The farmland surface elevation is ±0m, the branch canal top elevation is 0.2m, the bottom elevation is -0.7m, the main canal top elevation is 0.5m, the bottom elevation is -1m, and the spacing between the branch canals is about 100m. When replenishing water, close the main canal outlet and pump water into the main canal. As the water level rises, the water replenishment is completed. When draining water, open all valves; ②, the main canal is a water diversion canal and does not have a drainage function. A water diversion gate is set between the main canal and the branch canal, and a discharge outlet is set in the branch canal, and an integrated cast-in-place gate is set. When replenishing water, open the water diversion gate and close the discharge outlet. When draining water, close the water diversion gate and open the discharge outlet.

8. The dual-purpose drainage and water replenishment canal for farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical wall of the water channel is made of foam bricks or lightweight expanded clay bricks. The foam brick vertical wall (4) is suitable for farmland with small drainage requirements, and the lightweight expanded clay vertical wall (4) is suitable for farmland with high drainage requirements. The unit structure is assembled. If the gap between the unit structures is ≥5mm, it needs to be grouted with cement mortar. If the gap is less than 5mm, it does not need to be processed. If there are special requirements for water tightness, it is necessary to hang a layer of mesh paint inside the water channel to ensure the water tightness of the water channel.

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