Tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, in particular to a tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system which comprises a data acquisition module, a deformation classification module, a support identification module, a section generation module and a safety matching module. According to the relative direction and the relative deviation of a target tunnel, a stress field and support combination points of the target tunnel are identified, and the displacement and the support deformation of each support combination point under the relative direction and the relative deviation are obtained; identifying the deformation type of each support combination point, and dividing a relative deformation area of each support combination point facing downwards in the interior; predicting the displacement of the current support structure and the change trend of the support deformation in the relative deformation area; meanwhile, generating a plurality of stress sections according to the change trend, and setting vector analysis coefficients according to displacement vectors and deformation vectors on the stress sections; according to the vector analysis coefficient, carrying out safety matching calculation on the stress disturbance position; and the safety of tunnel construction and operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, in particular to a tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system. Background Art

[0002] Safety monitoring and early warning of tunnel deformation support control has always been an important research field. Traditional monitoring methods mainly include manual inspection, single-point measurement and regular inspection. These methods have many shortcomings, such as limited monitoring range, poor data real-time performance and low early warning accuracy. With the continuous development of sensor technology, big data analysis and artificial intelligence, the safety monitoring and early warning methods of tunnel deformation support control are also constantly updated and improved.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent publication No. CN113374527A discloses a tunnel structure safety assessment method based on full-section deformation data, which includes the following steps: Step S1: Obtain the undeformed data point coordinate values ​​of the full section of the tunnel support structure, and the full-section data point coordinate values ​​of the inner contour of the tunnel support structure at different times after deformation; Step S2: Calculate the unit length change value after the structure is deformed; Step S3: Define the apparent elongation of the inner contour of the structure, and further obtain the apparent elongation of the inner contour of each unit; Step S4: According to the apparent elongation of the inner contour of the structure, determine the tension and compression conditions of each part of the inner contour of the structure; Step S5: According to the apparent elongation of the inner contour of the structure, determine whether the structural section will form a plastic hinge; Step S6: According to the determination results of steps S4 and S5, and based on the preset early warning standard, obtain the early warning result.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent publication number CN118774969A discloses a tunnel excavation support management method and system based on advanced geological prediction information, the method comprising: obtaining geological prediction information of the tunnel excavation space and extracting geological parameter data of the tunnel face; optimizing tunnel excavation construction parameter data in combination with the geological parameter data of the tunnel face; and implementing tunnel excavation support according to the optimized tunnel excavation construction parameter data.

[0005] The prior art states that during tunnel excavation, geological conditions can be used to identify data such as temperature, pressure, and displacement, and these data can be used to monitor the tunnel construction process. However, during tunnel construction and operation, due to the influence of various factors such as geological conditions, construction errors, and groundwater, the tunnel support structure may be deformed or even cause structural instability. At this time, it is necessary to monitor the stress distribution generated in the tunnel and the displacement of the support structure to identify whether there is a potential risk of support structure instability in the tunnel and to deal with it in a timely manner. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system, including: a data acquisition module, used to identify the stress field and support combination points of the target tunnel according to the relative direction and relative deviation of the target tunnel, and obtain the displacement and support deformation of each support combination point under the relative direction and relative deviation.

[0007] The deformation classification module is used to identify the deformation type of each support joint point according to the displacement and support deformation of each support joint point, and divide the relative deformation area of ​​each support joint point in the internal direction according to the deformation value and deformation rate under the corresponding deformation type.

[0008] The support identification module is used to identify the side pressure distribution of the surrounding support joints according to the fixed time and fixed order of the support structure in the relative deformation area, and predict the displacement and deformation trend of the current support structure.

[0009] The section generation module is used to generate multiple stress sections corresponding to the target tunnel according to the displacement of the current support structure and the change trend of the support deformation, and set the vector analysis coefficient according to the displacement vector and deformation vector on the stress section.

[0010] The safety matching module is used to identify the force disturbance position of each force-bearing section according to the vector analysis coefficient, perform safety matching calculation on the force disturbance position, and obtain the safety matching result of the target tunnel.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention can identify the displacement and deformation of the tunnel in relative and relative deflection directions, thereby determining the direction and value of the displacement of the supporting structure on the current tunnel when supporting the tunnel, and based on these data, can discover the deformation type of the tunnel when deformation occurs, classify and warn of the deformation of the tunnel, and timely discover potential safety hazards.

[0012] 2. The present invention identifies the deformation type of each support joint and divides the relative deformation area. It can identify the change rate under the corresponding deformation amount and check the support structures with settlement and sinking trends in these change rates. Then, these support structures with settlement and sinking are screened according to the deformation value and deformation rate to find the areas with obvious changes. According to these areas, the corresponding stress conditions of the support structures are further processed to find out the relevant trends of the support structures in the relative deformation areas under the relative situation of settlement deformation, and what changes will occur in the contents presented by the support structures in the relative direction and relative deviation. This part of the content is divided out to identify whether there are hidden dangers, so as to provide a basis for the adjustment and maintenance of the support structures.

[0013] 3. The present invention can find the relationship between the pressure distribution on the side of the support structure and the displacement deformation by analyzing the changing trend of the data in the relative deformation area under the corresponding pressure distribution and generating multiple stress sections according to the changing trend. The deformation generated is divided into multiple sections according to the stress conditions, and the most obvious stress-bearing parts are found from these sections to perform safety matching calculations. It can determine the impact on the current structure itself under the influence of multiple pressures, and the safety matching results obtained based on these impacts can provide decision support for the tunnel management department, help take timely measures, and prevent the occurrence of instability accidents of the tunnel support structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a system framework diagram of a tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system.

[0016] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of a support identification module of a tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system.

[0017] Figure 3 The present invention is a flow chart of a section generation module of a tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used.

[0019] See also Figure 1 A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system includes: a data acquisition module, a deformation classification module, a support identification module, a section generation module and a safety matching module; wherein the output end of the data acquisition module is connected to the deformation classification module, the output end of the deformation classification module is connected to the support identification module, the output end of the support identification module is connected to the section generation module, and the output end of the section generation module is connected to the safety matching module.

[0020] The data acquisition module is used to identify the stress field and support joint points of the target tunnel according to the relative direction and relative deflection of the target tunnel, and obtain the displacement and support deformation of each support joint point under the relative direction and relative deflection.

[0021] The deformation classification module is used to identify the deformation type of each support joint point according to the displacement and support deformation of each support joint point, and divide the relative deformation area of ​​each support joint point in the internal direction according to the deformation value and deformation rate under the corresponding deformation type.

[0022] The support identification module is used to identify the side pressure distribution of the surrounding support joints according to the fixed time and fixed order of the support structure in the relative deformation area, and predict the displacement and deformation trend of the current support structure.

[0023] The section generation module is used to generate multiple stress sections corresponding to the target tunnel according to the displacement of the current support structure and the change trend of the support deformation, and set the vector analysis coefficient according to the displacement vector and deformation vector on the stress section.

[0024] The safety matching module is used to identify the force disturbance position of each force-bearing section according to the vector analysis coefficient, perform safety matching calculation on the force disturbance position, and obtain the safety matching result of the target tunnel.

[0025] Among them, the above-mentioned support joints are the contact surfaces or connection parts between the support structures such as anchors, steel arches, shotcrete, etc. and the surrounding rock and soil bodies; when identifying the support joints, the coordinate positions of the support joints and the stress field data near the support joints will be included; this part will install sensors such as displacement meters and strain gauges to measure the stress field in the target tunnel and the displacement generated by the support joints; at the same time, relative direction usually refers to the force in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel, indicating the force conditions in the cross section of the tunnel, such as the compressive stress perpendicular to the tunnel wall. The relative deflection refers to the force along the axis of the tunnel, indicating the tensile or compressive force conditions of the tunnel in the axis direction. These two together determine the force state of the support structure in different directions. The purpose of identifying these two directions is to determine the force conditions when the support structure is deformed during support in the current tunnel, and use these force conditions to complete the verification of the displacement and support deformation.

[0026] When measuring in relative directions, the measuring points should be arranged on the cross section of the tunnel, usually at key locations such as the vault and side walls; by measuring the displacement and deformation at these locations, the stress conditions of the tunnel cross section can be fully understood; commonly used measuring equipment includes displacement meters, convergence meters, strain gauges, etc.; these devices can be installed on the tunnel wall to monitor the displacement and deformation perpendicular to the tunnel axis; regularly record the measurement data and perform data analysis; by comparing the data at different time points, it can be determined whether the stability of the tunnel cross section has changed and whether reinforcement measures are needed.

[0027] When measuring relative deflection, the measuring points should be arranged along the axis of the tunnel, usually in key areas such as the tunnel entrance and important support structure locations. By measuring the displacement and deformation of these locations, the stress conditions of the tunnel in the axis direction can be fully understood. Commonly used measuring equipment includes inclinometers, levels, etc. Inclinometers can measure the inclination angle in the axis direction of the tunnel, thereby calculating the displacement. Levels can be used to measure elevation changes in the axis direction of the tunnel.

[0028] The stress field of the target tunnel indicates that when the support structure is squeezed, the compressive stress on the support structure is displayed in a three-dimensional form, describing the compressive stress on the support structure point or the three coordinate planes in the three-dimensional case, as well as the three compressive stress combinations and principal stresses. These stresses are used in a three-dimensional form to represent the force situation of the current support structure in the tunnel support. This force situation is the content represented by the stress field of the target tunnel; through the three-dimensional stress field display, the compressive stress distribution of the support structure in the three coordinate planes (i.e., XY, YZ, and ZX planes) can be intuitively seen, so as to analyze the force balance of the support structure in different directions, whether there is stress concentration, and other issues. At the same time, the displacement and deformation data of the support joint point can be combined to further verify the stability and safety of the support structure.

[0029] In order to accurately measure and analyze the stress state of the support structure, stress sensors should be installed at key parts of the support structure (such as support joints, turning points of the support structure, etc.). These sensors should be able to monitor the stress changes of the support structure in different directions in real time, and transmit the data to the data processing system for analysis and processing. The stress here will also be used in subsequent processing to identify the pressure distribution on the side of the support joint through the compressive stress on different surfaces of this stress field, and perform subsequent related processing of displacement and support deformation. When calculating the average pressure and vertical pressure, the compressive stress identified in this stress field is also used for processing, so that multiple tunnel-related stress sections can be produced, and the subsequent identification of uneven stress on the stress section, resulting in excessive deformation, can be completed.

[0030] By using a displacement meter, a strain gauge, an inclinometer, a level or a total station, the measured displacement is marked, and the area covered by the position change of the support joint point in the relative direction and relative deflection after the measurement is used as the identified support deformation; for example, the positions of multiple adjacent support joint points before and after the displacement are connected to obtain an irregular figure, and this irregular figure can be considered as the support deformation here. Alternatively, support joint points in the same relative direction and relative deflection can be selected to identify the positions before and after the displacement. The strain gauge set on the support structure is used to measure the strain change generated by the support structure at this time, such as expressing it in microstrain units, and recording the support deformation at the identified support joint point, so as to identify how large the deformation range is when the displacement occurs.

[0031] When measuring the support deformation in a relatively downward direction, the following example can be used to describe it: Assuming that in a tunnel project, the support structure is a steel arch frame. In order to monitor its deformation in a relatively upward direction, engineers installed displacement meters on the arch and the side walls on both sides. After a period of monitoring, it was found that the arch displacement meter showed that the support structure moved 0.6 cm upward, while the displacement meters on the side walls on both sides showed that the support structure moved 0.5 cm into the tunnel (i.e., convergence deformation occurred). These data show that the support structure has been lifted as a whole in a relatively upward direction, accompanied by a certain degree of convergence deformation.

[0032] The measurement of support deformation in relative deflection can be described by the following example: In a tunnel project, the support structure is a composite support system composed of anchor rods and shotcrete. In order to monitor its deformation in relative deflection, engineers installed inclinometers on multiple sections of the tunnel. After a period of monitoring, it was found that the inclinometer data of a certain section showed that the support structure tilted 0.3 degrees toward the tunnel axis. Through calculation, it was found that the displacement of the support structure of this section in relative deflection was 0.4 cm (assuming that the length of the support structure of this section is 10 meters). These data show that the support structure has undergone significant displacement changes in relative deflection, and it is necessary to further strengthen the support measures to ensure the stability of the tunnel.

[0033] For example, when the data acquisition module obtains the displacement of each support joint point in the relative direction and relative deviation, it also includes the following implementation method.

[0034] The coordinate value of the support joint point in the target tunnel is obtained, and the first displacement change information of the support joint point is obtained according to the relative upward displacement value of the support joint point. The first displacement change information represents the displacement change of the support joint point in the vertical direction, usually referring to the vertical direction of the tunnel axis, that is, whether the support structure has settled or uplifted.

[0035] If the first displacement change information of a support joint point shows that it has moved up by 5 cm, this may mean that the support part where the point is located has risen due to the reduction of soil pressure above the tunnel or the rise of groundwater level. On the contrary, if it shows a downward movement of 2 cm, it may be caused by the increase of soil pressure above the tunnel or the insufficient bearing capacity of the support structure itself.

[0036] According to the displacement value of the support joint point in the relative deflection, the second displacement change information of the support joint point is obtained. The second displacement change information refers to the displacement change of the support joint point in the horizontal direction, that is, the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis, which reflects whether the support structure has lateral displacement or tilt.

[0037] If the second displacement change information of a support joint shows that it has shifted 3 cm to one side of the tunnel, this may mean that the soil pressure on one side of the tunnel has increased or the supporting capacity of the support structure on that side is insufficient, causing the support structure to shift to that side. If this shift continues to increase, it may affect the stability and safety of the tunnel.

[0038] According to the distance value between each support joint point after displacement, the third displacement change information of the support joint point is obtained. The third displacement change information indicates the relative distance change between each joint point inside the support structure after displacement, reflecting the overall deformation of the support structure, including stretching, compression or distortion.

[0039] If the original distance between two adjacent support joints is 10 meters, and the distance between them becomes 10.02 meters after displacement measurement, this may mean that the support structure has undergone tensile deformation between these two points. On the contrary, if the distance becomes 9.98 meters, compressive deformation may have occurred. This deformation information is crucial for evaluating the integrity and bearing capacity of the support structure.

[0040] The first displacement change information, the second displacement change information and the third change information at this time are data measured according to the relative direction and relative deviation of the target tunnel at this time, and these data can be used as displacement amounts for analysis later.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the deformation classification module, for the deformation value under the deformation type, the deformation degree value of the support deformation in a specific direction is emphasized, and the speed of change of this value over time is described using the deformation rate; then, it is identified whether the deformation type corresponding to the support combination point under the support condition has a downward trend in the overall structure change; that is, the content represented by the internal direction is: relative to the deformation of the overall support combination, it is identified that in the scenario of tunnel support, whether there is a certain area inside the support structure whose deformation trend is downward relative to other areas, and whether there is a trend of settlement or compression, and this part of the area is divided from other deformation areas to set the relative deformation area.

[0042] Because the deformation of the support structure is often a complex three-dimensional deformation, including settlement, convergence, inclination and other deformation types. These deformation types will be reflected in the relative direction and relative deviation, and are interrelated.

[0043] For example, if the supporting structure undergoes significant settlement deformation in the relative upward direction, then this settlement may cause the supporting structure to tilt or converge in the relative deflection direction. Similarly, if the supporting structure undergoes significant tilt deformation in the relative deflection direction, then this tilt may also cause the supporting structure to settle or lift in the relative upward direction. At this time, the relative deformation area is set to divide the deformation area, identify what changes will occur in the content of the supporting structure in the relative direction and relative deflection when it undergoes tilt deformation, and divide the contents such as settlement and convergence, which helps to discover hidden dangers and improve the safety of tunnel construction and operation.

[0044] Therefore, the implementation method of identifying the deformation type of each support joint point in the deformation classification module includes: collecting the time series data of the displacement and support deformation of each support joint point to form a deformation time series; the deformation time series uses the displacement and support deformation of the support joint point as the vertical coordinate and time as the horizontal coordinate to describe the displacement and support deformation.

[0045] Feature extraction is performed on the deformation time series to obtain the deformation characteristics corresponding to each support joint point; the deformation characteristics include not only the values ​​of displacement and support deformation, but also the increment, average value, standard deviation and direction corresponding to the displacement and support deformation per unit time.

[0046] According to the deformation characteristics of each support joint point, the deformation rate of each support joint point in the relative direction and relative deflection is identified. The deformation rate here is expressed as the increment of displacement and support deformation in unit time. At this time, identifying the deformation rate in the relative direction and relative deflection is to determine the specific change value of the deformation rate on the plane perpendicular to the axis and along the axis when the deformation rate occurs, so as to identify the deformation of the support structure under these two sections.

[0047] According to the values ​​and methods of the deformation characteristics of each support joint in the relative direction and relative deviation, the preliminary deformation type is set. The preliminary deformation type is preliminarily identified according to the direction and magnitude of the displacement and deformation on the plane perpendicular to the tunnel axis to determine which deformation type the support joint belongs to, such as settlement, convergence, and inclination.

[0048] The preliminary deformation type is combined with the deformation rate to further determine the deformation type, and the determined deformation type is output. At this time, the deformation rate is used to further identify the deformation type determined initially, and the deformation type identified at this time is adjusted according to the manifestation of the change in the corresponding time period; for example, continuous settlement deformation may be manifested as a gradual increase in displacement, while convergence deformation may be manifested as the displacement on both sides of the support structure increasing in opposite directions; by identifying its deformation rate that changes over time, the description of this deformation type can be further supplemented, making the deformation type more specific in subsequent processing, and the deformation value is expressed as the value of the deformation feature under this deformation type.

[0049] The deformation type is mainly identified in the form of time series. After the deformation characteristics of each support combination point are identified, the deformation type is judged based on these deformation characteristics to complete the identification of the deformation type. This part can use models such as ARIMA / SARIMA, state space model, GARCH model, LSTM / GRU, random forest / XGBoost, etc., and the identified deformation characteristics are used as input into each model to obtain the deformation type that each current support combination point can represent.

[0050] Furthermore, when the initial deformation type is combined with the deformation rate to determine the output deformation type, the deformation type can also be obtained by directly analyzing and processing the deformation time series.

[0051] For example, the displacement trend slope related to the displacement in the deformation time series and the trend peak frequency related to the support deformation are obtained; the displacement trend slope represents the slope value generated in the deformation time series when the displacement changes with time, and the trend peak frequency represents the frequency of the peak of the support deformation in the change time series. This frequency represents the ratio of the number of peaks to the number of data per unit time in the change time series; the displacement trend slope and trend peak frequency are matched with the historical data, and the deformation type corresponding to the maximum matching degree is used as the deformation type of the corresponding support joint point.

[0052] The matching degree here is the cosine similarity calculated between the displacement trend slope and the trend peak frequency and the historical data. The sum of the cosine similarities of the displacement trend slope and the trend peak frequency is the matching degree, and when the matching degree is the maximum, the corresponding deformation type is obtained.

[0053] The implementation method for dividing the relative deformation area of ​​the support joint point in the internal direction in the deformation classification module is as follows: according to the deformation value of each deformation type, the deformation value distribution interval is determined, and the distribution of the deformation area corresponding to the deformation value distribution interval is determined in turn; the deformation area is divided into high deformation area, medium deformation area and low deformation area according to the numerical value of the deformation value.

[0054] Each deformation region is combined with the deformation rate to determine the rate mutation interval of each deformation region at adjacent positions, and the relative deformation region is set according to the direction of each rate mutation interval, and the data of the relative deformation region with an internal orientation is output.

[0055] The rate mutation area refers to the part where the deformation rate suddenly increases at the adjacent position of each deformation area or the difference in deformation rate between each deformation area at the phase position is greater than the average value of the difference in deformation rate between all deformation areas; the location of this part of the data is regarded as the relative deformation area, representing the part that changes significantly when the support structure is deformed, and the internal orientation of these parts, that is, the displacement corresponding to the relative deformation area and the support deformation direction are downward. The downward displacement and support deformation of these areas indicate that this part of the structure shows settlement and convergence. These areas may appear as areas with more serious settlement and obvious convergence; they need to be identified in the future to prevent the problem of excessive pressure on the support bearing, which may cause the tunnel structure itself to be damaged.

[0056] In a certain implementation scenario, according to the current tunnel construction specifications, the settlement limit or structural deformation limit is obtained. The settlement limit and the structural deformation limit can be set according to the average settlement value and the structural deformation value that appear during construction under the tunnel construction specifications. Since the deformation value at this time includes the displacement and the support deformation, these two values ​​can correspond to the settlement limit and the structural deformation limit in turn; then directly compare these two values ​​with the corresponding limits.

[0057] Determine whether the deformation value at this time is greater than the settlement limit or the structural deformation limit. If it is greater, it is preliminarily regarded as a high deformation area; if it is less than the settlement limit or the structural deformation limit and greater than 50% of the settlement limit or the structural deformation limit, it is regarded as a medium deformation area; if it is less than 50% of the settlement limit or the structural deformation limit, it is regarded as a low deformation area.

[0058] At the same time, the deformation rates are compared. When the displacement and support deformation are considered together in the deformation rate, the normalization method is used to normalize the displacement and support deformation, and then the weighted average is obtained. Then, it is compared with the deformation rate threshold after the same normalization. On the basis of the high deformation area, the medium deformation area and the low deformation area, the areas corresponding to the deformation rate are divided, such as the emergency area, the warning area and the safety area. When the deformation rates in these three areas are normalized, 20% and 50% of the deformation rate threshold are used as division nodes to generate three areas. For example, the area less than 20% of the deformation rate threshold is regarded as a safety area, the area between 20% and 50% of the deformation rate threshold is a warning area, and the area greater than 50% of the deformation rate threshold is a safety area to further divide the corresponding areas under the deformation type. Finally, the areas where the deformation values ​​generated in these areas correspond to the internal downward direction are identified to find out the areas with settlement and convergence in each support combination point.

[0059] When dividing the relative deformation area, the collected data is first spatially interpolated according to the spatial interpolation, and then the corresponding deformation value and deformation rate are identified. At the same time, the deformation value and deformation rate after spatial interpolation are clustered according to the values ​​to divide different deformation areas.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the support identification module mainly identifies according to the time and order of installation and fixation of the current support structure, and identifies the pressure distribution of these support structures at different positions after normal installation and fixation in turn, and predicts whether the displacement and support deformation will be affected under the corresponding pressure distribution, so as to determine whether there is a change in the displacement and deformation at the corresponding position due to the different installation positions of the support structure under normal construction.

[0061] When processing the displacement and support deformation in the support identification module, the two variables are processed in the same way. Therefore, the data on the relative deformation area is set correspondingly according to the fixed time and order after the support structure is fixed to obtain a data processing set, and the pressure distribution covered or adjacent to the relative deformation area is collected to obtain the correlation between the surrounding pressure and the data on the current relative deformation area, and according to this correlation, the displacement and support deformation of the corresponding support structure that may occur after the subsequent construction and setting of the support mechanism in the tunnel are judged. This processing method is mainly used to continuously arrange the support structure under normal construction. Whether there is a part of the support structure in the corresponding fixed order and fixed time, the adjacent or surrounding support structure is subjected to excessive pressure, resulting in the deformation of the support structure beyond expectations; and whether the pressure distribution of the support structure on the side will affect the deformation of some support structures, and ultimately lead to the instability of the support structure.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the implementation method of the support identification module is: according to the fixed time and fixed order of the support structure, the displacement and support deformation on the relative deformation area are combined into a data processing set. The data processing set collects data from some positions on the support structure, that is, data of a specific relative deformation area, and combines these data into a data processing set for a specific relative deformation area.

[0063] The pressure distribution set of the data processing set at the surrounding support joint points is obtained, and the pressure distribution set and the data processing set are combined for correlation modeling to establish the pressure-displacement relationship and the deformation-pressure relationship in turn.

[0064] Based on the pressure-displacement relationship, the distribution relationship between the displacement of the support joint point and the lateral pressure is determined. After performing least squares fitting on the displacement using historical data, the autoregressive integral sliding average is used to obtain the predicted displacement, which is then output as the displacement change trend.

[0065] Based on the deformation-pressure relationship, the proportional relationship between the current support deformation and the side pressure change is determined when the side pressure changes, and the support deformation after the side pressure changes is predicted, and the predicted support deformation is used as the output support deformation change trend.

[0066] The pressure-displacement relationship can be expressed in the following way to establish the side pressure and displacement The mathematical relationship of .

[0067] Assuming that the supporting structure is within the elastic deformation range, the lateral pressure and displacement are linearly related. If Hooke's law is extended, the displacement can be expressed as: ;in, It indicates the pressure-displacement coefficient (related to the stiffness and geometric dimensions of the support material), and the general value range is 0.1-1.0mm / kPa; It represents the time-dependent creep coefficient, and its general value range is 0.01-0.1mm / day; Indicates a point in time; represents the noise term (environmental disturbance, measurement error).

[0068] The displacement is then fitted with the least squares method. The purpose of the fitting is to reduce the error term generated by it. The calculation formula is the displacement minus the sum of the first two parts of the above formula, and then the average value of the historical data is obtained to reduce the impact of subsequent noise terms on the calculation.

[0069] Use autoregressive integrated sliding average to analyze the displacement. ;in, represents the displacement at time point t+1, represents a constant term, represents the autoregressive order, ; represents the sliding average order, ; represents the autoregressive coefficient when the autoregressive order is i, Represents the displacement at time point t-i+1; represents the sliding average coefficient when the sliding average order is j, represents the noise term at time point t-j+1, It represents the noise term at time point t. At this time, it predicts the displacement that can be generated by the support joint point on the corresponding support structure at time point t+1, and uses these predicted values ​​as the output change trend. At this time, the pressure-displacement coefficient will be adjusted according to the difference between the predicted displacement value and the actual measured value, that is, the difference between the real-time data currently collected. For example, the original pressure-displacement coefficient is added with the product of the model learning rate and the difference between the predicted displacement value and the actual measured value, so that the subsequent displacement prediction of the support structure can be more accurate. At this time, the learning rate set will be set to 0.01 for use.

[0070] At the same time, the proportional relationship between the support deformation and the side pressure change can be explained in the following way. When the support deformation is calculated, the value is mainly related to the strain or curvature of the tunnel in the corresponding scenario. Assume that the support structure is a beam-shaped structure; at this time, the curvature can be obtained based on the result of dividing the bending moment of the support beam by the elastic modulus and the section inertia moment. The elastic modulus and the section inertia moment are fixed values ​​in the tunnel support scenario of the support structure, and the bending moment of the support beam is obtained by multiplying the pressure by the length of the beam and dividing it by 12. At this time, the value represented by the support deformation is positively correlated with the side pressure. Then, the implementation method of the proportional relationship between the support deformation and the side pressure change is expressed as follows: the support deformation and the side pressure are calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the currently calculated Pearson correlation coefficient and the side pressure are used as independent variables, the support deformation is used as the dependent variable, and the autoregressive integral moving average model is used for analysis. The support deformation output by the autoregressive integral moving average is used as the predicted support deformation.

[0071] The calculation process at this time is consistent with the displacement, but the support deformation and the side pressure are expressed by the Pearson correlation coefficient during the calculation. At the same time, when the side pressure is used for autoregression analysis, when the number of side pressure values ​​corresponding to the support deformation is too large, the average value of the Pearson correlation coefficient of the support deformation and the side pressure at this time point is used as the value for regression calculation at this time. The same is true for the side pressure. The average value of the side pressure is used for subsequent calculations to obtain the corresponding values ​​of the displacement and support deformation under the changing trend.

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the sources and corresponding example data of the support identification module during calculation can be as follows.

[0073] Table 1 Support example table

[0074]

[0075] Table 1 shows the relevant predicted values ​​of displacement and deformation of the current support structure after the pressure identification of the surrounding support joints according to the existing pressure distribution and the relevant positions of the support joints. This is mainly to reduce the situation where some support structures have excessive displacement and deformation during continuous construction, which may lead to unstable and unsafe tunnel support.

[0076] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section generation module mainly converts the predicted values ​​of displacement and support deformation into vector form according to their changing trends, and divides multiple displacement vectors and deformation vectors according to different load-bearing cross-sections. These two vectors represent the direction and value of the change of displacement and support deformation, and the vector analysis coefficient is set according to the distribution of these two vectors on the load-bearing cross-section.

[0077] When the load-bearing section is generated, it will be divided into multiple symmetrical sections cut by the tunnel. For example, multiple symmetrical screens are cut along the axis of the tunnel, or cut according to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel. The displacement trend of the support structure and the change trend of the support deformation at this time will be marked on the load-bearing section, and the marked values ​​will be converted into vector form to represent the displacement vector and deformation vector.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the implementation method of the section generation module includes: obtaining the geometric shape and stress characteristics of the current target tunnel, combining the displacement and support deformation of the current support structure, and determining the division method of the target tunnel. The geometric shape of the target tunnel represents a circle, a horseshoe, an ellipse, etc.; the stress characteristics will represent the deformation and stress state under the action of external forces such as stratum pressure, groundwater pressure, and construction load. The stress state of the tunnel is affected by many factors, including geological conditions, tunnel shape, support structure type, etc.; to divide the current target tunnel into multiple target tunnels with different contents, for example, mainly based on the stress of the support structure, and display as much as possible the stress of the support structure in the target tunnel in the currently divided stress section, to show the stress characteristics of the current target tunnel under specific analysis conditions.

[0079] Based on the division method of the target tunnel, the displacement and deformation of the current support structure are converted into displacement vectors and deformation vectors, and the mapping relationship between the displacement vectors and deformation vectors and the stress-bearing sections is determined. This part marks the stress-bearing sections with the displacement vectors and deformation vectors to determine the displacement vectors and deformation vectors on each stress-bearing section.

[0080] The displacement vectors and deformation vectors on each load-bearing section are calculated in turn to obtain the displacement consistency coefficient of the displacement vector and the deformation coupling degree of the deformation vector in the same direction, and the co-occurrence probability of the displacement consistency coefficient and the deformation vector is used as the output vector analysis coefficient. The displacement consistency coefficient can be expressed by the square sum of the difference of the displacement values ​​corresponding to the displacement vector in the same direction to determine the representation content of the displacement consistency coefficient. The deformation coupling degree is to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the support deformations corresponding to the deformation vectors in the same direction, such as calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient according to the support deformations on both sides of the center point of the load-bearing section, and finally obtaining the average value of the Pearson correlation coefficient calculated by the support deformations on both sides of the center point of a load-bearing section, and using this value as the deformation coupling degree; after the displacement consistency coefficient and deformation coupling degree, identify the corresponding values ​​on multiple load-bearing sections, and compare these values ​​with the corresponding values ​​obtained in the historical data to determine the co-occurrence probability of the current displacement consistency coefficient and deformation coupling degree in the historical data.

[0081] When determining the division method of the target tunnel, in order to make the division method closer to the distribution of displacement and support deformation on different sections, the implementation content of the division method of the target tunnel includes: based on the changing trend of the displacement and support deformation of the current support structure, the boundary description condition of the current support structure is set, and according to the distribution position of the boundary description condition in the target tunnel, the position where the changing trend of the displacement and support deformation is located is equivalently transformed to obtain multiple description factors corresponding to the boundary description condition, the description factors are clustered, and the section where the maximum cluster center is located after clustering is set as the force section of the target tunnel to obtain the division method of the target tunnel.

[0082] Boundary description conditions refer to a set of characteristics or rules used to define or describe the displacement and deformation trend of the current supporting structure. These conditions are usually based on actual observation data in tunnel engineering, such as the size, direction, rate of displacement, and deformation mode of the supporting structure. Boundary description conditions help engineers identify the state changes of the supporting structure at different locations, so that tunnels can be divided more accurately. For example, boundary description conditions may include: "the displacement of the supporting structure exceeds a certain threshold", "the deformation rate of the supporting structure suddenly increases", or "the supporting structure has a significant displacement in a certain direction".

[0083] Descriptive factors are specific values ​​or features extracted from the changing trends of displacement and support deformation based on boundary description conditions. They are used to quantify the state of the support structure at different locations. Descriptive factors can be direct measurements of parameters such as displacement, deformation rate, and deformation direction, or they can be a combination or conversion result of these parameters.

[0084] In the process of dividing the target tunnel, the descriptive factors are used to perform equivalent transformation on the state of the supporting structure, that is, to simplify the complex displacement and deformation trends into a series of values ​​or characteristics that can be compared and classified.

[0085] For example, a boundary description condition is set as "the displacement of the supporting structure exceeds 15 mm". This means that any position where the displacement exceeds 15 mm will be regarded as a key description point.

[0086] Extract description factors: Measure the displacement of the support structure at each section along the length of the tunnel. Assume that on section A, the displacement is 12 mm; on section B, the displacement is 20 mm; and on section C, the displacement is 21 mm. According to the set boundary description conditions, sections B and C will be regarded as key description points, and their displacements (20 mm and 21 mm) will be used as description factors. These description factors will then be clustered to find a section that can display these description factors as much as possible and conform to the current target tunnel geometry as the load-bearing section for subsequent division.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, the safety matching module is mainly used to identify the force disturbance position existing after vector analysis, trend analysis, and relative deformation analysis based on the vector analysis coefficient, and match it according to this position to obtain an evaluation result of the problem in the current support structure.

[0088] The stress disturbance positions are described according to the positions corresponding to the vector analysis coefficients. These positions are generally expressed as the relevant deformation and displacement of the support structure at that position after the vector analysis. After the vector analysis, the positions where the displacement and deformation are inconsistent are described. These inconsistent positions may indicate that after the relative deformation area identification, change trend processing, and vector analysis, some support structures in the current tunnel are insufficient in strength, or because of the difference in geological conditions, the same support structure has different stress positions during the tunnel support process. These identified stress disturbance positions may be positions with poor geological conditions in the support structure and need to be paid special attention to; or the stress disturbance positions have certain errors and deviations during the construction process, such as inaccurate installation position of the support structure, insufficient grouting pressure, etc., which result in the stress state and deformation at that position being different from other positions; finally, the deficiencies in the current tunnel construction are found out based on the different positions, so as to ensure the safety and stability of the tunnel project.

[0089] The implementation method of the force disturbance position in the safety matching module includes: according to the values ​​of the obtained vector analysis coefficients, the force sections are superimposed in sequence, the values ​​of the vector analysis coefficients on multiple force sections are weighted according to the layer superposition method, and the force section with the largest vector analysis coefficient value after superposition is obtained, and the position corresponding to the maximum value of the vector analysis coefficient on the force section is regarded as the force disturbance position.

[0090] The implementation method of performing safety matching calculation on the force disturbance position is to use the maximum displacement on the force disturbance position to perform matching calculation, determine the safety matching coefficient, and output the data corresponding to the safety matching coefficient as the safety matching result.

[0091] The safety matching coefficient represents the ratio of the maximum displacement at the force disturbance position to the maximum displacement allowed in the historical data; this safety matching coefficient is then used to indicate whether some supporting structures in the target tunnel have produced large displacements at this time.

[0092] The implementation process of the solution can be illustrated by the following example, for example, the displacement data on each stress-bearing section is obtained through a sensor, and the vector analysis coefficient on each section is calculated.

[0093] Assuming there are three load-bearing sections A, B, and C, the vector analysis coefficients obtained after superposition and weighting are 0.5, 0.8, and 0.6 respectively.

[0094] The vector analysis coefficient of section B is the largest, so section B is considered to be the main load-bearing section.

[0095] On section B, find point P where the vector analysis coefficient is the largest. The position of this point is the force disturbance position.

[0096] Assume that the maximum displacement of point P is 10 cm.

[0097] According to historical data, the maximum displacement allowed by the tunnel's support structure is 15cm.

[0098] Calculate the safety matching factor: 10cm / 15cm=0.67.

[0099] The output safety matching coefficient is 0.67, indicating that the current tunnel support structure is relatively safe, because the maximum displacement has not yet reached the maximum allowable displacement. The final safety matching coefficient will be used as part of the output safety analysis results. At the same time, the safety analysis results will also be accompanied by the displacement and support deformation processed at this time when they are output, and these data will be output to the external terminal, so that engineers can view these tunnel support data during the subsequent construction process.

[0100] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention and they are still covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is used to identify the stress field and support joint points of the target tunnel according to the relative direction and relative deflection of the target tunnel, and obtain the displacement and support deformation of each support joint point under the relative direction and relative deflection; The deformation classification module is used to identify the deformation type of each support joint point according to the displacement and support deformation of each support joint point, and divide the relative deformation area of ​​each support joint point in the internal direction according to the deformation value and deformation rate under the corresponding deformation type; The support identification module is used to identify the side pressure distribution of the surrounding support joint points according to the fixed time and fixed order of the support structure in the relative deformation area, and predict the displacement and deformation trend of the current support structure; The section generation module is used to generate multiple stress sections corresponding to the target tunnel according to the displacement and deformation trend of the current support structure, and set the vector analysis coefficient according to the displacement vector and deformation vector on the stress section; The safety matching module is used to identify the stress disturbance position of each stress section according to the vector analysis coefficient, perform safety matching calculation on the stress disturbance position, and obtain the safety matching result of the target tunnel; Relative direction refers to the force acting in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel, indicating the force conditions within the tunnel cross section; relative deflection refers to the force acting along the axis of the tunnel, indicating the tensile or compressive force conditions of the tunnel in the axial direction.

2. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the data acquisition module obtains the displacement of each support joint point in the relative direction and relative deviation, it also includes the following implementation methods: Obtain the coordinate value of the support joint point in the target tunnel, and obtain the first displacement change information of the support joint point according to the relative upward displacement value of the support joint point; According to the displacement value of the support joint point in the relative deflection direction, second displacement change information of the support joint point is obtained; According to the distance values ​​between the support joint points after displacement, the third displacement change information of the support joint points is obtained.

3. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation methods of identifying the deformation type of each support joint in the deformation classification module include: Collect the time series data of displacement and support deformation of each support joint point to form a deformation time series; Extract features from the deformation time series to obtain the deformation features corresponding to each support joint point; According to the deformation characteristics of each support joint point, the deformation rate of each support joint point in relative direction and relative deviation direction is identified; According to the values ​​and methods of the deformation characteristics of each support joint point in relative and relative deflection directions, set the preliminary deformation type; The preliminary deformation type is combined with the deformation rate to further determine the deformation type, and the determined deformation type is output.

4. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The implementation of preliminary deformation type combined with deformation rate also includes: Obtain the displacement trend slope related to the displacement amount and the trend peak frequency related to the support deformation amount in the deformation time series; match the displacement trend slope and trend peak frequency with the historical data, and take the deformation type corresponding to the maximum matching degree as the deformation type of the corresponding support joint point.

5. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation method for dividing the relative deformation area of ​​the support joint point in the internal direction in the deformation classification module is as follows: According to the deformation value of each deformation type, a deformation value distribution interval is determined, and the distribution of deformation areas corresponding to the deformation value distribution interval is determined in turn; Each deformation region is combined with the deformation rate to determine the rate mutation interval of each deformation region at adjacent positions, and the relative deformation region is set according to the direction of each rate mutation interval, and the data of the relative deformation region with an internal orientation is output.

6. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation of the support identification module is as follows: According to the fixed time and fixed sequence of the support structure, the displacement and support deformation in the relative deformation area are combined into a data processing set; Obtain the pressure distribution set of the data processing set at the surrounding support joint points, combine the pressure distribution set and the data processing set to perform correlation modeling, and establish the pressure-displacement relationship and the deformation-pressure relationship in turn; Based on the pressure-displacement relationship, the distribution relationship between the displacement of the support joint and the side pressure is determined. After the displacement is fitted by the least square method through historical data, the predicted displacement is obtained by using the autoregressive integral sliding average, and the predicted displacement is output as the displacement change trend. Based on the deformation-pressure relationship, the proportional relationship between the current support deformation and the side pressure change is determined when the side pressure changes, and the support deformation after the side pressure changes is predicted, and the predicted support deformation is used as the output support deformation change trend.

7. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation of the cross-section generation module includes: Obtain the geometric shape and stress characteristics of the current target tunnel, and determine the division method of the target tunnel in combination with the displacement and support deformation of the current support structure; Based on the division method of the target tunnel, the displacement and deformation of the current support structure are converted into displacement vectors and deformation vectors, and the mapping relationship between the displacement vectors and deformation vectors and the stress section is determined; The displacement vector and deformation vector on each stress section are calculated in turn to obtain the displacement consistency coefficient of the displacement vector and the deformation coupling degree of the deformation vector in the same direction, and the co-occurrence probability of the displacement consistency coefficient and the deformation vector is used as the output vector analysis coefficient.

8. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The implementation content of the division method of the target tunnel includes: based on the changing trend of the displacement and support deformation of the current support structure, the boundary description condition of the current support structure is set, and according to the distribution position of the boundary description condition in the target tunnel, the position where the changing trend of the displacement and support deformation is located is equivalently transformed to obtain multiple description factors corresponding to the boundary description condition, the description factors are clustered, and the section where the maximum cluster center is located after clustering is set as the force section of the target tunnel to obtain the division method of the target tunnel.

9. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation method of the force disturbance position in the safety matching module includes: according to the values ​​of the obtained vector analysis coefficients, the force sections are superimposed in sequence, the values ​​of the vector analysis coefficients on multiple force sections are weighted according to the layer superposition method, and the force section with the largest vector analysis coefficient value after superposition is obtained, and the position corresponding to the maximum value of the vector analysis coefficient on the force section is regarded as the force disturbance position.

10. A tunnel deformation support control safety monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The implementation method of performing safety matching calculation on the force disturbance position is to use the maximum displacement on the force disturbance position to perform matching calculation, determine the safety matching coefficient, and output the data corresponding to the safety matching coefficient as the safety matching result.

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