Phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupling power generation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupling power generation system. Liquid ammonia is divided into two paths through a three-way node; liquid ammonia of one branch sequentially flows back to a liquid ammonia source through the boiler, the ammonia steam turbine power generation assembly and an ammonia steam channel of the cooler; the liquid ammonia of the other branch sequentially passes through the cooling channel of the cooler, the ammonia channel of the intercooler and the ammonia decomposition reactor to enter the combustor; the sucked atmosphere is compressed by the air supercharging assembly, exchanges heat for an ammonia channel of the intercooler, is compressed by the gas turbine power generation assembly and then is input into the combustion chamber to be mixed with hydrogen obtained by the reaction channel; flue gas generated by combustion of the combustor is conveyed to the gas turbine power generation assembly for power generation, the flue gas exhausted after power generation sequentially flows through the flue gas channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor, the air pressurization assembly and the phase change heat storage device, and liquid ammonia in the boiler is gasified through the phase change heat storage device. According to the invention, single ammonia fuel and working medium are adopted, the system is simplified, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of ammonia energy reaches 80-85%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of generators or engines, and in particular to a phase-change energy storage-enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of "dual carbon" proposed by the country, the use of ammonia fuel has received more and more attention. When ammonia is burned for power generation, ammonia is difficult to burn completely, and tail gas containing nitrogen oxides is produced at the same time. The direct emission of tail gas not only causes environmental pollution, but also causes a lot of heat energy waste, which is contrary to the "dual carbon" policy proposed by the country. Therefore, it is an environmentally friendly way of energy utilization to convert ammonia into hydrogen fuel in situ after hydrogen production. At the same time, a gas turbine is a power device that generates high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-kinetic energy gas by burning fuel to drive the turbine to do work. It is worth paying attention to the use of ammonia or ammonia hydrogen as raw materials to drive gas turbines to obtain electricity or kinetic energy. At present, power generation or mobile equipment using gas turbines as power sources is developing and applying rapidly. Its main advantage is that it has a better power density. However, in general, the thermal efficiency of gas turbines is often between 30-40%. The waste heat of gas turbines is used to heat steam turbines, which is a way to improve overall energy efficiency. However, in general, the working fluids of the two are different, which makes the coupling system often complex, bulky, and expensive. Therefore, how to design gas turbine-steam turbine power generation or power equipment with compact structure and high energy utilization efficiency under new zero-carbon fuel conditions has become a new technology worth looking forward to in the context of the dual carbon strategy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and overcome the technical problem of low comprehensive energy efficiency of ammonia energy in the prior art, the present invention provides a phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system, which uses a single ammonia fuel and working medium, simplifies the system complexity, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of ammonia energy reaches 80-85%.

[0004] The technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0005] A phase-change energy storage-enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system, the system comprising a liquid ammonia source, a delivery pump, a boiler, a phase-change heat storage device, a cooler, an intercooler, an ammonia steam turbine power generation component, a gas turbine power generation component, an air boost component, an ammonia decomposition reactor and a burner;

[0006] The inlet of the delivery pump is connected to the liquid ammonia source, and the outlet of the delivery pump is connected to a three-way node, and the three-way node divides the liquid ammonia of the delivery pump into a first delivery branch and a second delivery branch;

[0007] The liquid ammonia in the first transmission branch reaches the liquid ammonia source via the boiler, the ammonia steam turbine power generation component, and the ammonia steam channel of the cooler in sequence;

[0008] The liquid ammonia in the second delivery branch enters the burner through the cooling channel of the cooler, the ammonia channel of the intercooler, and the ammonia decomposition reactor in sequence; the air booster component compresses the sucked ambient atmosphere and delivers it to the air channel of the intercooler to exchange heat with the ammonia channel, and then is compressed by the gas turbine power generation component and input into the combustion chamber of the burner to mix with the hydrogen obtained by decomposition in the reaction channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor;

[0009] The flue gas generated by the combustion of the burner is transported to the gas turbine power generation component through a pipeline to generate electricity. The flue gas exhausted after power generation then flows through the flue gas channel, air boost component and phase change heat storage device of the ammonia decomposition reactor in sequence through a pipeline. The phase change heat storage device is installed at the bottom of the boiler and is used to gasify the liquid ammonia in the boiler. The flue gas outlet of the phase change heat storage device is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit.

[0010] Preferably, the ammonia steam turbine power generation assembly includes a third turbine and a second generator coaxially driven with the third turbine, and the third turbine is respectively connected to the ammonia channel outlet of the boiler and the ammonia steam channel inlet of the cooler through pipelines.

[0011] Further preferably, the gas turbine power generation assembly includes a first generator and a coaxially arranged first compressor and a first turbine, the first turbine forming a coaxial driving connection with the rotor of the first generator; the air boost assembly includes a coaxially arranged second compressor and a second turbine, the compressed air outlet of the second compressor is connected to the air channel inlet of the intercooler through a pipeline, for heat exchange with the ammonia channel of the intercooler, the air channel outlet of the intercooler is connected to the compressed air inlet of the first compressor through a pipeline, and the compressed air outlet of the first compressor is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner through a pipeline; the flue gas outlet of the burner is connected to the inlet of the first turbine through a pipeline, the outlet of the first turbine is connected to the flue gas channel inlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor through a pipeline, the flue gas channel outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor is connected to the inlet of the second turbine through a pipeline, and the outlet of the second turbine is connected to the phase change heat storage device through a pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, the second compressor, the second turbine, the first compressor and the first turbine together form a dual-shaft turbine, and the rotating shafts of the second turbine and the second compressor and the rotating shafts of the first turbine and the first compressor can drive the rotor of the first generator to rotate separately or jointly through coaxial connection, gear drive or track drive to transmit kinetic energy, so as to generate electricity.

[0013] Furthermore, the system is also provided with an air compressor and a fuel bottle, and the air compressor and the fuel bottle are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner through pipelines.

[0014] Specifically, when the system is started, the compressed air provided by the air compressor and the fuel gas provided by the fuel bottle are simultaneously input into the burner. When the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber of the burner reaches the target process value, the flue gas turbine power generation component is driven to operate; when the reaction channel temperature of the ammonia decomposition reactor reaches the process value and the temperature of the boiler also reaches the target process value, the delivery pump is started; when it is detected that the first generator starts to generate electricity, the air compressor is turned off; when it is detected that the product gas flow flowing out of the ammonia decomposition reactor reaches the process value, the fuel bottle is turned off.

[0015] Preferably, the fuel in the fuel bottle is a combustible gas or a volatile combustible liquid, including one or a mixture of several fuels selected from natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, gasoline and aviation kerosene.

[0016] Preferably, the reaction channel of the ammonia decomposition reactor is filled with an iron-based catalyst and / or a ruthenium-based catalyst. When it operates normally, the ammonia decomposition reaction temperature in the ammonia decomposition reactor is 350-850°C, the ammonia space velocity is 1000-30000h-1, and the gas pressure in the reaction channel is 0.06-1.8MPa.

[0017] Further preferably, the ammonia decomposition reaction temperature is 450-580°C, the ammonia space velocity is 5000-12000h-1, and the combustion chamber outlet gas temperature of the burner is ≥750°C.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] A. The ammonia steam turbine and gas turbine in the system of the present invention only use a single ammonia fuel, and the hydrogen production reaction in the ammonia decomposition reactor is coupled to drive the gas turbine, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the system, and the temperature matching design of each component is used to optimize the utilization efficiency of thermal energy and kinetic energy. The heat generated in the combustion chamber of the burner causes the high-temperature flue gas and the surrounding gas to expand and drive the steam turbine to rotate. The flue gas heat in the burner is utilized three times step by step:

[0020] Firstly, the waste heat of the flue gas after the first turbine has done work is used to heat the materials in the ammonia decomposition reactor, which promotes the reaction of increasing the enthalpy change of ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen without any additional functions;

[0021] Secondly, the kinetic energy of the cooled flue gas drives the operation of the second turbine. The principle of turbocharging is used to increase the ambient air once, saving the energy consumption of the high-pressure compressor. At the same time, the heated air generated by the turbocharging heats the liquid ammonia through heat exchange, providing energy for the gasification of the liquid ammonia.

[0022] Finally, the flue gas after cooling again provides energy for the rapid gasification of liquid ammonia, so that the liquid ammonia forms an ammonia gas flow with kinetic energy in the boiler, which further drives the operation of the third turbine (i.e., the ammonia steam turbine);

[0023] The present invention has high comprehensive energy efficiency, and the efficiency of power generation can reach 50-70%. If combined with the energy efficiency utilization of tail gas, it can further reach 80-85%. At the same time, the use of zero-carbon ammonia fuel is conducive to promoting carbon emission reduction and helping to achieve the country's carbon neutrality strategy.

[0024] B. The system of the present invention uses a phase-change heat storage device as a heat source for boiling liquid ammonia to drive the third turbine to work, which increases the stability of the ammonia steam turbine part. Even if the system is working and the first turbine (i.e., the gas turbine part) stops working for some reason, due to the energy storage and delay functions of the phase-change heat storage device, the third turbine can keep working for a certain period of time, so that the system still has power supply capacity, providing a certain guarantee for the stability of the overall system. At the same time, the phase-change heat storage device allows heat exchange to be carried out between gas-liquid and gas-solid phases, improving the heat transfer efficiency.

[0025] C. The system of the present invention uses low-temperature ammonia as the coolant of the intercooler, which improves the working efficiency of the intercooler and helps to increase the gas compression ratio of the high-pressure compressor, thereby increasing the power of the turbine.

[0026] D. The system of the present invention provides an air compressor and a fuel bottle. When the device is in a stopped state and needs to be cold-started, or the standby state needs to be changed to a normal operating state, the air compressor and the fuel bottle are used to start the entire system until the burner outlet gas temperature, the reaction channel temperature and reaction product flow rate of the ammonia decomposition reactor, and the temperature of the boiler all reach the target process requirements. The air compressor and the fuel bottle are controlled to be closed to achieve independent operation of the system, so that the first generator and the second generator can continuously output electrical energy.

[0027] E. The system of the present invention can also directly replace the generator with a kinetic energy load system to achieve the output of kinetic energy and electricity. It is suitable for power generation and cogeneration of large mobile equipment such as ships and cars, as well as heavy gas turbines and micro gas turbines, and has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a connection diagram of the phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system provided by the present invention (under stable operating conditions);

[0030] Figure 2 It is a connection schematic diagram of the phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system provided by the present invention (system startup).

[0031] The meanings of the symbols in the figure are as follows:

[0032] 1-liquid ammonia source; 2-transport pump; 3-three-way node; 4-boiler; 5-phase change heat storage device

[0033] 6-Third turbine

[0034] 7-Cooler

[0035] 7a- ammonia steam channel, 7b- cooling channel

[0036] 8-Ammonia compressor

[0037] 9-Intercooler

[0038] 9a-air channel, 9b-ammonia channel

[0039] 10-Ammonia decomposition reactor

[0040] 10a-reaction channel, 10b-smoke channel

[0041] 11-combustor; 12-second compressor, 13-second turbine; 14-first compressor

[0042] 15-first turbine; 16-second generator; 17-first generator; 18-ambient atmosphere

[0043] 19- exhaust gas treatment unit; 20- air compressor; 21- fuel bottle.

[0044] a-the first transmission branch; b-the second transmission branch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] “Gas space velocity” is a commonly used technical term in fixed bed reactor technology. It refers to the volume of gas flowing through a unit volume of catalyst per unit time under standard conditions. Its unit is usually h. -1 .

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system, including a liquid ammonia source 1, a delivery pump 2, a boiler 4, a phase change heat storage device 5, a cooler 7, an intercooler 9, an ammonia steam turbine power generation component, a gas turbine power generation component, an air boost component, an ammonia decomposition reactor 10 and a burner 11; the liquid ammonia source 1 here can be one or more liquid ammonia storage tanks. The cooler 7 contains an ammonia steam channel 7a and a cooling channel 7b, the intercooler 9 contains an air channel 9a and an ammonia channel 9b, and the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 contains a reaction channel 10a and a flue gas channel 10b. The inlet of the delivery pump 2 is connected to the liquid ammonia source 1, and the outlet of the delivery pump 2 is connected to the three-way node 3. The three-way node 3 divides the liquid ammonia pumped out by the delivery pump 2 into a first delivery branch a and a second delivery branch b for delivery.

[0048] The liquid ammonia in the first conveying branch a flows back to the liquid ammonia source 1 through the boiler 4, the ammonia steam turbine power generation component, and the ammonia steam channel 7a of the cooler 7 in sequence. The liquid ammonia output from the ammonia steam channel 7a can also be further compressed and liquefied by the ammonia compressor 8 and then input into the liquid ammonia source 1.

[0049] The liquid ammonia in the second delivery branch b enters the combustion chamber of the burner 11 through the cooling channel 7b of the cooler 7, the ammonia channel 9b of the intercooler 9, and the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 in sequence; at the same time, the air boost component compresses the inhaled ambient atmosphere 18 and transports it to the air channel 9a of the intercooler 9, exchanges heat with the ammonia channel 9b, and then is compressed by the first compressor 14 of the gas turbine power generation component and input into the combustion chamber of the burner 11, and mixed with the hydrogen obtained by decomposition in the reaction channel 10a of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 in the combustion chamber. The flue gas generated by the combustion of the burner 11 is transported to the gas turbine power generation component through a pipeline to generate electricity. The flue gas exhausted after power generation then flows through the flue gas channel 10b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10, the air boost component and the phase change heat storage device 5 in sequence through the pipeline. The phase change heat storage device 5 is installed at the bottom of the boiler 4 and is used to gasify the liquid ammonia in the boiler 4; the flue gas outlet of the phase change heat storage device 5 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit 19. After the exhaust gas treatment unit 19 treats the flue gas, it can be directly discharged, and of course it can also be directly further utilized.

[0050] The ammonia steam turbine power generation assembly includes a third turbine 6 and a second generator 16 that is coaxially connected to the third turbine 6. The third turbine 6 is connected to the ammonia channel outlet of the boiler 4 and the ammonia steam channel 7a inlet of the cooler 7 through pipelines. A portion of the liquid ammonia enters the boiler 4, absorbs the heat in the phase change heat storage 5, and then vaporizes, and then drives the blades of the third turbine 6 to rotate, thereby realizing power generation for the second generator 16. The ammonia gas discharged from the outlet of the third turbine 6 enters the ammonia steam channel 7a of the cooler, exchanges heat with the liquid ammonia in the second transmission branch b, is discharged from the ammonia steam channel 7a, and then enters the liquid ammonia source 1 after being compressed by the ammonia compressor 8.

[0051] The gas turbine power generation assembly includes a first generator 17 and a coaxially arranged first compressor 14 and a first turbine 15, wherein the first turbine 15 is coaxially driven to the rotor of the first generator 17; the air boost assembly includes a coaxially arranged second compressor 12 and a second turbine 13, wherein the compressed air outlet of the second compressor 12 is connected to the inlet of the air channel 9a of the intercooler 9 through a pipeline for heat exchange with the ammonia channel 9b of the intercooler 9, and the outlet of the air channel 9a of the intercooler 9 is connected to the compressed air inlet of the first compressor 14 through a pipeline, and the first compressor 14 is connected to the inlet of the air channel 9a of the intercooler 9 through a pipeline. The compressed gas outlet of the gas turbine 14 is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner 11 through a pipeline; the flue gas outlet of the burner 11 is connected to the inlet of the first turbine 15 through a pipeline, the outlet of the first turbine 15 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas channel 10b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 through a pipeline, the outlet of the flue gas channel 10b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 is connected to the inlet of the second turbine 13 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the second turbine 13 is connected to the phase change heat storage device 5 through a pipeline. The phase change heat storage device 5 is used to heat the liquid ammonia in the boiler 4, and then the flue gas is discharged into the exhaust gas treatment unit 19 for treatment.

[0052] The normal working process of the system is as follows:

[0053] The delivery pump 2 is connected to the liquid ammonia source 1 (liquid ammonia tank), and the three-way node 3 is arranged downstream of the delivery pump 2 to divide the liquid ammonia from the delivery pump into two streams and enter two branches; a boiler 4 is arranged downstream of the first delivery branch a, and a phase change heat storage device 5 is installed at the bottom of the boiler 4. The phase change heat storage device 5 vaporizes the liquid ammonia, and the ammonia vapor drives the blades of the third turbine 6 to rotate, thereby driving the rotor of the coaxial first generator 16 to rotate, so as to generate electricity; the ammonia vapor flowing out of the boiler 4 enters the third turbine 6, and the ammonia vapor flowing out of the third turbine 6 enters the inlet of the ammonia vapor channel 7a of the cooler 7, flows out from the outlet of the ammonia vapor channel 7a of the cooler 7 after being cooled, and flows into the ammonia compressor 8, from After flowing out of the compressor 8, it enters the delivery pump 1; a part of the liquid ammonia enters the second delivery branch b through the three-way node 3, and a cooler 7 is arranged downstream of the second delivery branch b. The liquid ammonia of the second delivery branch b enters the second inlet of the cooling channel 7b of the cooler 7, and is heat-exchanged and gasified in the liquid ammonia channel 7b of the cooler, and flows out from the second outlet of the liquid ammonia channel 7b of the cooler, and enters the ammonia channel 9b of the intercooler 9; the ammonia gas exchanges heat at the ammonia channel 9b of the intercooler 9, so that the ammonia gas is further heated, and flows out from the ammonia channel 9b of the intercooler 9, passes through the reaction channel 10a of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10, and the reaction product flows out from the outlet of the reaction channel 10a of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10, and enters the burner 11;

[0054] The second compressor 12 is coaxial with the second turbine 13, and the two form kinetic energy transmission. The rotation of the shaft of the second turbine 13 will drive the rotation of the shaft of the second compressor 12; the first compressor 14 is coaxial with the first turbine 15, and the two form kinetic energy transmission. The rotation of the shaft of the first turbine 15 will drive the rotation of the shaft of the first compressor 14; the second compressor 12, the second turbine 13, the first compressor 14 and the first turbine 15 together constitute a dual-shaft turbine-driven generator; the rotating shafts of the second turbine 13 and the second compressor 12 and the rotating shafts of the first turbine 15 and the first compressor 14 can drive the rotor of the first generator 17 to rotate separately or together through kinetic energy transmission methods such as coaxial connection, gear drive or track drive, so as to generate electricity. Preferably, the rotating shaft of the second turbine 13 is a hollow shaft, which is passed through the rotating shaft of the first turbine 15. Such a layout can make the entire mechanical structure more compact, and no direct mechanical transmission relationship is generated between the first turbine 15 and the second turbine 13. The first turbine 15 and the second turbine 13 in the present invention are driven successively by the same airflow. The second compressor 12 inhales air from the ambient atmosphere 18, and the air is compressed in the second compressor 12. The compressed air flows in from the inlet of the air channel 9a of the intercooler 9, flows out from the outlet of the air channel 9a of the intercooler 9 after heat exchange, and enters the first compressor 14. The compressed air from the intercooler 9 is further compressed at the first compressor 14; the secondary compressed air from the first compressor 14 flows into the burner 11; the secondary compressed air flowing out of the first compressor 14 is mixed with the product gas flowing out of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 and then burns in the combustion chamber of the burner 11; the combustion product flue gas flows out from the flue gas outlet of the burner 11 and flows into the first turbine 15, and the flue gas flow drives the blades of the first turbine 15 to rotate, driving its turbine shaft and the rotating shaft of the first compressor 14 to rotate together.

[0055] The combustion flue gas flows out from the first turbine 15, enters through the inlet of the flue gas channel 10b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10, provides heat for the reaction channel 10a for ammonia decomposition, and then flows out from the outlet of the flue gas channel 10b of the ammonia decomposition reactor 10, enters the first turbine 13, and the flue gas flow drives the blades of the first turbine 13 to rotate, driving its turbine shaft and the rotating shaft of the second compressor 12 to rotate together.

[0056] The blades of the second turbine 13 and the first turbine 15 rotate, respectively driving the corresponding turbine shafts, the second compressor 12 and the rotating shafts of the first compressor 14 to rotate together, and then further driving the rotor of the first generator 17 to rotate, so that the first generator 17 generates electricity; the flue gas flows out of the second turbine 13 and flows into the phase change heat storage device 5. After the flue gas flows out of the phase change heat storage device 5, it enters the exhaust gas treatment unit 19 for further treatment.

[0057] The ammonia decomposition reactor 10 adopted by the present invention adopts a fixed bed reactor technology route, that is, in the reaction channel 10a, the ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst is filled in the reaction channel in the form of a fixed bed layer, and the temperature of the reaction channel including the catalyst is mainly controlled by heating the flue gas entering the flue gas channel 10b; wherein the ammonia decomposition reaction catalyst is preferably an iron-based catalyst, or a ruthenium-based catalyst, or a mixture of the two types of catalysts; after the system runs smoothly, the reaction conditions of the reactor are as follows: the reaction temperature is 350-850°C, preferably 450-580°C; the space velocity of ammonia in the reaction channel 10a is 1000-30000h -1 , preferably 5000~12000h -1 The mass flow rate of ammonia entering the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 can be calculated from the filling amount of the catalyst and the target space velocity; the gas pressure in the reaction channel 10a is between 0.06 and 1.8 MPa; after the ammonia flows through the ammonia decomposition catalyst, it is converted into decomposition products to obtain hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the conversion rate of ammonia is greater than 98.0%.

[0058] The burner 11 contains an ignition device. Under the appropriate fuel flow rate and air flow rate, after successful ignition and stable operation of the system, the flow rate of the compressed gas is 1 to 40 times the flow rate of ammonia flowing into the ammonia decomposition reactor; whether the combustion state meets the process conditions is determined by whether the gas temperature at the burner outlet is continuously not less than 750°C. The operating temperature of the boiler 4 is in the range of 60 to 400°C. Emissions that do not meet the standards in the tail gas, such as NOx, can be further treated by means such as SCR.

[0059] The intercooler 9 used in the present invention can be cooled by air or other coolants. In the art, the intercooler 9 is actually a heat exchanger, and its main function is to cool the gas temperature at the outlet of the second compressor 12, so as to facilitate the further compression of the subsequent first compressor 14, improve the overall gas compression ratio, and the outlet gas pressure of the first compressor 14 is higher than the outlet gas pressure of the second compressor 12. In this embodiment, the low-temperature ammonia coming out of the outlet of the cooling channel 7b plays the role of the coolant in the intercooler 9, and strengthens the cooling effect.

[0060] The phase change heat storage device is a device that uses the latent heat of the phase change process of a substance to absorb and release heat. In this embodiment, the phase change heat storage device 5 exchanges heat with the exhaust gas at the outlet of the second turbine 13 to store part of its heat energy, and at the same time, the substance in the phase change heat storage device 5 is transformed from one phase to another; on the other hand, the phase change heat storage device 5 heats the liquid ammonia entering the boiler 4 to make it gasify rapidly, and at the same time, the phase change of the phase change device 5 itself is opposite to the above process.

[0061] The phase change heat storage device 5 fills the required substances into the cavity of the heat storage device. The method for selecting the required substances mainly considers that the solid-liquid phase change temperature of the relevant substances needs to be in the range of 60 to 400°C. The relevant substances selected include but are not limited to metallic lead, metallic tin, metallic gallium, metallic lithium, lead-tin eutectic, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride-sodium chloride eutectic, etc.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, as a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, an air compressor 20 and a fuel bottle 21 are provided in the power generation system, which are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner 11 through pipelines. When the power generation system is in a stopped state and needs to be cold-started, or the standby state needs to be changed to a normal operating state, the air compressor 20 and the fuel bottle 21 need to be operated so that the power generation system first reaches the normal operating conditions and then the air compressor and the fuel bottle are turned off. The specific startup operation method is as follows:

[0063] The air compressor 20 is turned on, and the fuel bottle 21 is started, so that the compressed air and the fuel gas are simultaneously mixed and ignited in the burner 11, and the temperature of the flue gas formed reaches the target process value, and the first turbine 15 starts to rotate; the tail gas of the first turbine 15 enters the entrance of the flue gas channel 10b, and when the temperature in the reaction channel 10a in the ammonia decomposition reactor 10 reaches the process value, and the temperature of the boiler 4 also reaches the target process value, the delivery pump 2 is started to make the liquid ammonia flow out of the liquid ammonia source 1 and flow further; when it is detected that the first generator 17 starts to generate electricity, the air compressor 20 is turned off or disconnected from the system, and the air source is switched to the ambient atmosphere source 18; when it is detected that the product gas flow out of the reaction channel 10a reaches the process value, the fuel bottle 21 is turned off or disconnected from the system; thereafter, the power generation device can maintain continuous operation, and the first generator 17 and the second generator 16 can continuously output electrical energy. The fuel bottle 21 contains combustible gas or volatile combustible liquid, such as natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, gasoline, jet fuel and other gaseous or liquid fuels that can burn stably in the air, or a mixture or combination of these fuels.

[0064] In addition, you can Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first generator 17 and / or the second generator 16 are replaced by a kinetic energy load system. The kinetic energy load system can be a flywheel, a propeller, a power gear, a rotating shaft, or other elements that can drive the machine to obtain kinetic energy, and can achieve the output of kinetic energy and electricity. It is suitable for use in large mobile equipment such as ships and cars. Of course, it can also be used for power generation and cogeneration of heavy-duty gas turbines and micro gas turbines, among which the micro gas turbine is 30-500Kw and the heavy-duty gas turbine is 30-400MW.

[0065] Anything not described in the present invention is applicable to the prior art.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system, characterized in that: The system comprises a liquid ammonia source (1), a delivery pump (2), a boiler (4), a phase change heat storage device (5), a cooler (7), an intercooler (9), an ammonia steam turbine power generation component, a gas turbine power generation component, an air boost component, an ammonia decomposition reactor (10) and a burner (11); The inlet of the delivery pump (2) is connected to the liquid ammonia source (1), and the outlet of the delivery pump (2) is connected to a three-way node (3), and the three-way node (3) divides the liquid ammonia of the delivery pump (2) into a first delivery branch (a) and a second delivery branch (b); The liquid ammonia in the first transport branch (a) flows back to the liquid ammonia source (1) through the boiler (4), the ammonia steam turbine power generation component, and the ammonia steam channel (7a) of the cooler (7) in sequence; The liquid ammonia in the second delivery branch (b) enters the burner (11) in sequence through the cooling channel (7b) of the cooler (7), the ammonia channel (9b) of the intercooler (9), and the ammonia decomposition reactor (10); the air boost component compresses the sucked ambient air (18) and delivers it to the air channel (9a) of the intercooler (9), exchanges heat with the ammonia channel (9b), and then is compressed by the gas turbine power generation component and input into the combustion chamber of the burner (11), where it is mixed with the product gas decomposed by the reaction channel (10a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10); The flue gas generated by the combustion of the burner (11) is transported to the gas turbine power generation component through a pipeline to generate electricity. The flue gas discharged after the power generation then flows through the flue gas channel (10b) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10), the air boost component and the phase change heat storage device (5) in sequence through the pipeline. The phase change heat storage device (5) is installed at the bottom of the boiler (4) and is used to gasify the liquid ammonia in the boiler (4). The flue gas outlet of the phase change heat storage device (5) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit (19).

2. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ammonia steam turbine power generation assembly comprises a third turbine (6) and a second generator (16) coaxially driven with the third turbine (6); the third turbine (6) is connected to the ammonia channel outlet of the boiler (4) and the ammonia steam channel (7a) inlet of the cooler (7) through pipelines.

3. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas turbine power generation assembly comprises a first generator (17) and a coaxially arranged first compressor (14) and a first turbine (15), wherein the first turbine (15) is coaxially driven with the rotor of the first generator (17); the air boost assembly comprises a coaxially arranged second compressor (12) and a second turbine (13), wherein the compressed air outlet of the second compressor (12) is connected to the inlet of the air channel (9a) of the intercooler (9) via a pipeline for heat exchange with the ammonia channel (9b) of the intercooler (9), and the outlet of the air channel (9a) of the intercooler (9) is connected to the inlet of the air channel (9a) of the intercooler (9) via a pipeline. The first turbine (13) is connected to the inlet of the first compressor (14), and the compressed gas outlet of the first compressor (14) is connected to the combustion chamber of the burner (11) through a pipeline; the flue gas outlet of the burner (11) is connected to the inlet of the first turbine (15) through a pipeline, the outlet of the first turbine (15) is connected to the inlet of the flue gas channel (10b) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) through a pipeline, the outlet of the flue gas channel (10b) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) is connected to the inlet of the second turbine (13) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the second turbine (13) is connected to the phase change heat storage device (5) through a pipeline.

4. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second compressor (12), the second turbine (13), the first compressor (14) and the first turbine (15) together form a dual-shaft turbine. The rotating shafts of the second turbine (13) and the second compressor (12) and the rotating shafts of the first turbine (15) and the first compressor (14) can drive the rotor of the first generator (17) to rotate and generate electricity through a kinetic energy transmission method such as coaxial connection, gear drive or track drive, respectively or together.

5. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The system is also provided with an air compressor (20) and a fuel bottle (21), and the air compressor (20) and the fuel bottle (21) are respectively connected to the combustion chamber of the burner (11) through pipelines.

6. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: When the system is started, the compressed air provided by the air compressor (20) and the fuel gas provided by the fuel bottle (21) are simultaneously input into the burner (11); when the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber of the burner (11) reaches the target process value, the flue gas turbine power generation component is driven to operate; when the temperature of the reaction channel (10a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) reaches the process value and the temperature of the boiler (4) also reaches the target process value, the delivery pump (2) is started; when it is detected that the first generator (17) starts to generate electricity, the air compressor (20) is turned off; when it is detected that the product gas flow flowing out of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) reaches the process value, the fuel bottle (21) is turned off.

7. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The fuel in the fuel bottle (21) is a combustible gas or a volatile combustible liquid, including one or a mixture of several of the following fuels: natural gas, hydrogen, ammonia, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, gasoline, and aviation kerosene.

8. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction channel (10a) of the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) is filled with an iron-based catalyst and / or a ruthenium-based catalyst. When the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) is in normal operation, the ammonia decomposition reaction temperature in the ammonia decomposition reactor (10) is 350-850°C, and the ammonia space velocity is 1000-30000h / min. -1 , the gas pressure in the reaction channel (10a) is between 0.06 and 1.8 MPa.

9. The phase change energy storage enhanced ammonia gas turbine and steam turbine coupled power generation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition reaction temperature is 450-580°C, and the ammonia space velocity is 5000-12000h -1 The gas temperature at the combustion chamber outlet of the burner (11) is ≥750°C.

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