A high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing

Abstract

This invention proposes an innovative integrated, embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing. The bearing employs a side-inlet air intake and an internal cavity design with gas diversion. Part of the gas flows out through a central small orifice, while the remaining gas flows out through evenly distributed circular grooves at the bottom of the cavity. All outflowing gas is throttled by the porous material at the bottom, forming a high-pressure gas film. The porous material is distributed radially with a gradient, ensuring that the gas pressure and velocity ejected from the inner and outer sides are essentially the same, improving the bearing's stiffness and load-bearing capacity. The bearing incorporates a swinging gravity damping structure, consisting of a weight, a thin-walled swing arm, a hinge, and a porous layer. When the bearing is subjected to excitation force, the swing arm and hinge swing up and down under the action of the weight, and the porous layer regulates the oil flow, achieving a damping effect and effectively absorbing vibration energy. This bearing has a compact structure, is suitable for high-speed and high-precision equipment, and provides a new solution for the field of precision machinery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air bearing technology, and in particular provides an integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-porous bearings utilize externally supplied compressed air, which permeates through porous materials into the bearing gap, forming a uniform, compressible gas film layer on the spindle and bearing surfaces, thus providing load-bearing capacity. This design leverages the self-equalizing pressure characteristics of porous media, significantly reducing airflow disturbance and localized pressure concentration. It also features low friction and high stability, making it suitable for precision instruments and long-life equipment. The permeation structures of gas-porous bearings mainly include uniform pores, gradient pores, and composite pores. Currently, uniform pore structures suffer from low load-bearing efficiency due to insufficient permeability consistency; while gradient pore structures improve pressure distribution, the difficulty in controlling the pore gradient affects dynamic response; and for composite pore structures, the interface effects and thermal expansion differences between different material layers limit their practical application. New porous bearings, by optimizing pore distribution and material composite methods, can improve dynamic stiffness while maintaining permeation uniformity, exhibiting superior overall performance compared to traditional uniform pore structures. However, the problems of uniform pore size distribution and isotropic permeability in porous materials have not been fully solved in the existing technology. Excessive porosity will lead to insufficient air film stiffness, while overly complex pore structure will reduce the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the material. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, in order to solve the problem of insufficient mechanical strength and stability of porous bearing materials in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the technical solution of this invention is: an integrated, high-efficiency, embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing, characterized in that: the bearing receives air from a side inlet pipe, which is then diverted through an internal cavity; some gas flows out through a small central channel, while the remaining gas flows out through evenly distributed circular grooves at the bottom of the cavity; all outflowing gas is throttled by the porous material at the bottom, forming a high-pressure gas film at the bottom of the bearing. The bearing internally features an oil-filled, oscillating gravity damping structure, which consists of a central weight, a thin-walled swing arm connecting the weight and the bearing housing, and internal hinges and a porous layer.

[0006] Preferably, the porous material at the bottom of the bearing has pores of 10-25 micrometers, distributed radially in a gradient, and a thickness of 4 mm. The porous material in the damping structure has larger pores, 300 micrometers, and a thickness of 1.5 mm.

[0007] Preferably, the internal damping structure of the bearing is always filled with oil during operation. When the bearing is subjected to an excitation force, the swing arm and hinge begin to swing up and down under the gravity applied by the weight. When the weight swings upward, the upper side of the thin-walled swing arm is compressed, reducing its volume. The oil inside the cavity is squeezed and enters the lower cavity through the porous material, thus applying a downward force to the entire damping system and achieving a damping effect. When the weight swings downward, the lower side of the thin wall is compressed, and the oil again enters the upper cavity through the pores. Therefore, when the bearing is working, the vibration caused by the excitation force is absorbed by the internal damping system and converted into the kinetic energy of the oil inside the system, achieving an effective vibration reduction effect.

[0008] Preferably, the porous material at the bottom of the bearing serves to throttle the gas flow, allowing it to form a high-pressure gas film after passing through the tiny pores. Furthermore, to ensure uniform pressure distribution in the gas film, the density gradient of the porous material is radially distributed, with the outer pores being larger than the inner pores. This ensures that the gas pressure and velocity ejected from both the inner and outer sides are essentially the same, thereby improving the bearing's stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and stability.

[0009] Preferably, this integrated embedded damping bearing has a more compact structure compared to other porous bearings. As the size of the equipment decreases, the requirements for the structure, stiffness, and damping of the support components increase to provide greater stiffness and damping within a limited space, while ensuring that power is not reduced. This design effectively absorbs the energy generated by vibration while maintaining a small size, and has high stiffness and load-bearing capacity, which is in line with current research needs.

[0010] Preferably, the bearing is manufactured using 3D printing integrated processing technology, which facilitates the fabrication of its complex internal structure. This results in high material utilization, reduced material waste, and eliminates the need for traditional molds and tools, thus lowering manufacturing costs. Furthermore, it facilitates rapid prototyping iteration; designers can quickly print prototypes for testing and modification, accelerating the product development process. Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0011] 1. By using a gradient distribution design of porous material at the bottom, a more uniform gas film pressure distribution is achieved, thereby improving the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the bearing.

[0012] 2. The internal cavity diversion and uniformly distributed circular groove design optimize the distribution of throttling orifices, which helps to form a uniform high-pressure gas film and further improves the stability of the bearing.

[0013] 3. The bearing is equipped with an oil-filled oscillating gravity damping structure, which effectively absorbs vibration energy and improves the bearing's vibration reduction effect.

[0014] 4. The low shear force inside the air bearing can minimize power loss and generate very little heat while providing extremely high speeds, resulting in good high-speed performance. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 1 is the bearing air inlet, 2 is the bearing cover plate, and 14 is the bearing housing.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 1 is the bearing air inlet, 2 is the bearing housing, 3 is the counterweight of the damping structure, 4 is the upper thin wall of the damping structure, 5 is the bearing cavity, 6 is the upper oil cavity of the damping structure, 7 is the wave-shaped hinge, 8 is the internal porous layer of the damping structure, 9 is the oil injection hole, 10 is the bearing central small hole throttling channel, 11 is the lower oil cavity of the damping structure, 12 is the lower thin wall of the damping structure, 13 is the bearing annular throttling groove, 14 is the bearing housing, and 15 is the bottom porous throttling layer of the bearing.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the damping structure of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 4 is the upper thin wall of the damping structure, 9 is the oil injection hole, and 10 is the bearing center small hole throttling channel.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the damping structure of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing of the present invention, wherein 4 is the upper thin wall of the damping structure, 6 is the upper oil cavity of the damping structure, 7 is the wave-shaped hinge, 8 is the internal porous layer of the damping structure, 9 is the oil injection hole, 10 is the throttling channel of the bearing center orifice, 11 is the lower oil cavity of the damping structure, 12 is the lower thin wall of the damping structure, 16 is the cylinder of the damping structure, and 17 is the intermediate body of the damping structure. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Example

[0020] A high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing includes a bearing cover plate 2 and a bearing housing 14, which together form a bearing cavity 5. An air inlet 1 is located at the center of the surface of the bearing housing 14. A radially gradient porous throttling layer 15 is located at the bottom of the bearing base. An oscillating gravity damping structure is provided inside the bearing cavity 5. This oscillating gravity damping structure includes a cylinder 16, a weight 3, and an intermediate body 17. The weight 3 has a through hole and is cylindrical. The intermediate body 17 has a small orifice throttling channel 10 communicating with the through hole. The cylinder wall of the cylinder body 16 is provided with an oil injection hole 9. From top to bottom, an upper thin wall 4, a wave-shaped hinge structure 7, and a lower thin wall 12 are respectively connected between the cylinder body 16 and the intermediate body 17. The weight 3 is accommodated in the upper part of the intermediate body 17. The upper thin wall 4 and the lower thin wall 12 form oil cavities 6 and 11. The oil cavity 6 is divided into an upper oil cavity 6 and a lower oil cavity 11 by the wave-shaped hinge structure 7. The oil flows through... Oil is injected into the cavities 6 and 11 through the injection hole 9. Inside the oil cavities 6 and 11, between the cylinder 16 and the wave-shaped hinge structure 7, there is also an internal porous layer 8. The internal porous layer 8 facilitates the flow of oil up and down in the oil cavity when the cavity deforms to absorb vibration. The wave-shaped hinge structure 7 can reduce the stiffness of the damping structure and enhance the vibration reduction effect. An annular throttling groove 13 is provided on the lower side of the bearing cavity 5 to make the pressure distribution more uniform. The small hole throttling channel 10 in the center of the bearing increases the gas outflow path, making the pressure distribution more uniform and the bearing more stable. The oscillating gravity damping structure is always full of oil when working. When the bearing is subjected to excitation force, the upper thin wall 4, wave-shaped hinge structure 7 and lower thin wall 12 of the oscillating gravity damping structure begin to oscillate up and down under the gravity applied by the weight. The oil inside the oscillating gravity damping structure flows up and down with the volume change of the upper and lower oil cavities, converting the excitation force generated by vibration into the kinetic and potential energy inside the damping mechanism, thereby achieving the vibration reduction effect.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing according to the present invention. Figure 2This is a side sectional view of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing according to the present invention. The high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing includes a bearing housing 14 with a diameter of 58 mm. An air inlet 1 with a diameter of 4 mm is provided at the center of the bearing housing surface. A bearing cover plate 2 with a diameter of 58 mm is provided above the housing. The overall height of the bearing is 30 mm. High-pressure gas enters the bearing cavity 5 through the air inlet, which has a diameter of 50 mm. A portion of the gas flows to the bottom of the bearing through a small central throttling channel 10 with a diameter of 6.3 mm. The remaining gas flows to the bottom through the gap between the cavity and the damping structure. The gas at the bottom flows to the porous layer 15 through an annular throttling groove 13, forming a high-pressure gas film at the bottom. The bottom porous layer has a diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. The working principle of the internal damping structure of the bearing is as follows: When the bearing is subjected to excitation force and vibrates, the weight 3 will cause the entire damping system to swing up and down along the upper thin wall 4 and the lower thin wall 12, as well as the internal wave-shaped hinge 7. During the swinging process, the volume of the upper oil cavity 6 and the lower oil cavity 7 of the damping structure changes, causing the oil to flow back and forth in the upper and lower oil cavities through the internal porous material 8, thereby absorbing the vibration energy and achieving the damping effect. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall damping structure of a high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing according to the present invention. The diameter of the damping structure is 50mm. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal damping structure of the bearing of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency integrated embedded damping hydrostatic gas porous bearing, characterized in that: The bearing housing includes a bearing cover plate (2) and a bearing housing (14), which together form a bearing cavity (5). An air inlet (1) is provided at the center of the surface of the bearing housing (14). A porous throttling layer (15) with a radial gradient is provided at the bottom of the bearing base. An oscillating gravity damping structure is provided inside the bearing cavity (5). The oscillating gravity damping structure includes a cylinder (16), a weight (3), and an intermediate body (17). The weight (3) is cylindrical with a through hole. An intermediate body (17) is provided in the middle of the cylinder. A small-hole throttling channel (10) with interconnected holes is provided. An oil injection hole (9) is provided on the cylinder wall of the cylinder body (16). An upper thin wall (4), a wave-shaped hinge structure (7) and a lower thin wall (12) are respectively connected from top to bottom between the cylinder body (16) and the intermediate body (17). The weight (3) is accommodated in the upper part of the intermediate body (17). The upper thin wall (4) and the lower thin wall (12) surround to form an oil cavity (6, 11). The oil cavity (6) is divided into an upper oil cavity (6) and a lower oil cavity (11) by the wave-shaped hinge structure (7). 1) The oil is injected into the cavity of the oil chamber (6, 11) through the oil injection hole (9). Inside the oil chamber (6, 11), there is also an internal porous layer (8) between the cylinder (16) and the wave-shaped hinge structure (7). The internal porous layer (8) facilitates the oil to flow up and down in the oil chamber to absorb vibration when the cavity deforms. The wave-shaped hinge structure (7) can reduce the stiffness of the damping structure and enhance the vibration reduction effect. An annular throttling groove (13) is provided on the lower side of the bearing cavity (5) to make the pressure distribution more uniform. The small hole throttling flow in the center of the bearing The channel (10) increases the gas outflow path, making the pressure distribution more uniform and the bearing more stable. The swing gravity damping structure is always filled with oil when working. When the bearing is subjected to excitation force, the upper thin wall (4), the wave-shaped hinge structure (7), and the lower thin wall (12) of the swing gravity damping structure begin to swing up and down under the gravity applied by the weight. The oil inside the swing gravity damping structure flows up and down with the volume change of the upper and lower oil chambers, converting the excitation force generated by vibration into the kinetic and potential energy inside the damping mechanism, thereby achieving the vibration reduction effect.

2. The bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous throttling layer (15) has a pore size of 10-25 micrometers, is distributed radially with a gradient, and has a thickness of 4 mm.

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