Detection method and kit for rapidly detecting heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a detection method and kit for rapidly detecting heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and belongs to the technical field of heavy metal detection in traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The detection method uses the kit for detection, and comprises the following steps: crushing medicinal materials to obtain a sample to be detected, adding the sample to be detected into a test tube 1, mixing, shaking, uniformly mixing, adding into a test tube 2, filtering, transferring to a test tube 3, dripping chromatographic liquid into a specially prepared detection card, and indicating the limit of heavy metals according to color change. The rapid detection kit for the heavy metals in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials provided by the invention is the first product capable of simultaneously detecting multiple heavy metals in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China, can realize multiple combined detection of four heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Hg and Cu, is simple and convenient in overall operation process, does not need to be operated by professionals, can obtain a detection result within 15 minutes, is convenient to carry, does not need to adopt precise instruments such as ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and the like, and can be used for rapidly detecting the heavy metals in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The limit of quantitation meets the detection standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and batch traditional Chinese medicinal material screening and on-site detection can be carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of heavy metal detection in traditional Chinese medicines, and in particular to a method and a kit for rapid detection of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines. Background Art

[0002] Chinese medicinal materials may be contaminated by heavy metals due to factors such as the origin environment, processing technology, and production process. Excessive heavy metals in the medicinal materials not only affect the medicinal value of the medicinal materials, but may also cause heavy metal poisoning and cause damage to the human body.

[0003] The 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia further improved the testing items of traditional Chinese medicine standards and proposed heavy metal testing requirements for 28 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used to determine lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and copper in traditional Chinese medicines. This method requires professional equipment and personnel, and the testing cost is high. In addition, the composition of traditional Chinese medicines is complex, and the use of ICP-MS requires a large sample capacity and a complex pre-treatment process, which takes a long time. The sample needs to be microwave digested before being extracted with nitric acid. Nitric acid is a dangerous chemical that is easy to make explosives. Therefore, this method cannot meet the current needs of large quantities of traditional Chinese medicine samples for rapid, simple and suitable on-site testing. Other rapid heavy metal detection methods mainly include chemical color development, anodic stripping voltammetry, and X-ray fluorescence. Due to the limitations of sample matrix and sensitivity requirements, these methods are only applicable to the detection and analysis of water environments or a small number of foods, and the single detection item cannot realize the detection of multiple heavy metals at the same time. Moreover, these methods cannot meet the needs of large-throughput on-site rapid detection of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines, making rapid detection of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines a major difficulty in the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

[0004] The market is in urgent need of a method that can quickly, simply, accurately and multi-dimensionally detect heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines, which can be used for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines and herbal medicines during the trading and harvesting stages, and to improve the safety control level of traditional Chinese medicines. Summary of the invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to establish a set of rapid detection methods for heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu) in Chinese medicinal materials, and to develop a rapid detection kit for heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials based on colloidal gold immunochromatography competition. The provided method is based on the heavy metal detection line of Chinese medicinal materials in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The positive and negative results of the test card can be used to determine whether the standard requirements are met. No other testing equipment is required, and it can be used as a method for batch screening of Chinese medicines and a convenient tool for on-site testing.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials, using a kit for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials for detection; the kit comprises a heavy metal detection card, a test tube 1, a test tube 2 and a test tube 3; the test tube 1 contains an extracting solution, the extracting solution is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%; a filter pad is provided in the test tube 2; the test tube 3 contains a buffer solution; the buffer solution is a tris-HCL buffer solution or a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 6.5 to 8.5; the detection card comprises a heavy metal test strip and a card shell; a sample addition hole and an observation port are provided on the surface of the card shell; the heavy metal test strip is a colloidal gold immunochromatography reagent strip;

[0008] The detection method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S101: Grinding the medicinal materials into coarse powder to obtain a sample to be tested;

[0010] S102: Take 0.2~1 g of the sample to be tested and add it to test tube 1, rotate and shake to mix, and centrifuge or let it stand to obtain the supernatant;

[0011] S103: transfer the supernatant to test tube 2 to obtain a filtrate;

[0012] S105: Take the chromatography solution and drip it into the sample adding hole of the heavy metal detection card, place the detection card flat on the table, let it stand at room temperature for 8-15 minutes, and determine the result.

[0013] Preferably, the Chinese medicinal materials are plant-based Chinese medicinal materials.

[0014] Preferably, when the heavy metal is cadmium or copper, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%; when the heavy metal is lead, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10%; when the heavy metal is mercury, the extract is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%.

[0015] More preferably, when the heavy metal is cadmium or copper, the extract is 4-10% nitric acid or 4-10% hydrochloric acid; when the heavy metal is lead, the extract is 4-10% nitric acid; when the heavy metal is mercury, the extract is 4-10% hydrochloric acid.

[0016] More preferably, the buffer is a tris-HCL buffer with a pH of 7.8 to 8.2.

[0017] More preferably, the volume ratio of the filtrate to the buffer is 1:4-9.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a kit for rapid detection of multiple heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine, comprising a test card, test tube 1, test tube 2 and test tube 3; test tube 1 contains an extract, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%; a filter pad is provided in test tube 2; test tube 3 contains a buffer; the buffer is a tris-HCL buffer or a phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.5-8.5; the test card comprises a heavy metal test strip and a card shell; a sample addition hole and an observation port are provided on the surface of the card shell; the heavy metal test strip is a colloidal gold immunochromatography reagent strip.

[0019] Preferably, the heavy metal detection card is any combination of two of the heavy metal cadmium detection card, the heavy metal copper detection card, the heavy metal lead detection card, and the heavy metal mercury detection card; and the combination of the heavy metal detection cards is that the heavy metal test strips are combined and installed in the same card housing.

[0020] Illustratively, a combination of detection cards in a kit for rapid detection of three heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines that can simultaneously detect heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Hg is provided. The detection card is a triple detection card including a heavy metal Cd test strip, a heavy metal Pb test strip, and a heavy metal Hg test strip. The three heavy metal test strips are installed in parallel in a card shell; sample addition holes and observation ports are respectively provided on the surface of the card shell corresponding to the three heavy metal test strips.

[0021] Preferably, the heavy metal detection card is a heavy metal cadmium detection card, a heavy metal copper detection card, a heavy metal lead detection card, or a heavy metal mercury detection card.

[0022] More preferably, test tube 1 contains 3-5 mL of 4-8% hydrochloric acid or nitric acid; test tube 2 is provided with a filter pad; and test tube 3 contains 2-4 mL of pH 7.8-8.2 tris-HCL buffer.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The technical solution disclosed in the present invention simplifies the processing and detection methods of Chinese medicinal materials. It is the first method to use dilute acid to extract heavy metals from samples and apply bioengineering colloidal gold technology to achieve a rapid and convenient detection method for heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials. Different from ICP-MS and other detection methods, this detection method does not require detection instruments or professional operators, which greatly reduces the difficulty of operation and the environment required for detection. At the same time, it solves the problem that ICP-MS and other detection methods cannot detect multiple heavy metals at the same time, reduces detection costs, and saves time for repeated operations. The entire detection process is simple and fast, and multiple heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials can be detected within 15 minutes.

[0025] The kit for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials developed according to the detection method provided by the present invention is the first heavy metal detection kit for Chinese medicinal materials. Compared with the existing heavy metal detection equipment for Chinese medicinal materials on the market, the kit is small in size, light in weight, easy to carry, and can achieve high-throughput on-site rapid detection. During the detection, only 4 steps are required to obtain the results, the interpretation method is simple, and the test results can be observed with the naked eye. In addition, the method provided by the present invention can also realize the simultaneous detection of multiple heavy metals by combination, and provides a method for simultaneously detecting 4 heavy metals: Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cu.

[0026] The detection method and kit provided by the present invention have a detection limit of 0.1 mg / kg for the qualitative detection of heavy metal cadmium in Chinese medicinal materials, a detection limit of 0.1 mg / kg for the qualitative detection of heavy metal mercury in Chinese medicinal materials, a detection limit of 0.1 mg / kg for the qualitative detection of heavy metal copper in Chinese medicinal materials, and a detection limit of 1 mg / kg for the qualitative detection of heavy metal lead in Chinese medicinal materials, which can meet the limit detection requirements of heavy metal detection in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". Whether the tested medicinal materials meet the requirements can be obtained through the color development results of the test card. It is suitable for testing institutions and traditional Chinese medicine companies to conduct professional heavy metal detection of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and help improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quadruple test card of the present invention. (1, sample addition hole; 2, observation port; 3, card shell; 4, test strip)

[0028] Figure 2 Extraction method examination statistical results.

[0029] Figure 3 These are the accuracy test card results in Example 3 (A is the test result of heavy metal cadmium; B is the test result of heavy metal copper; C is the test result of heavy metal lead; D is the test result of heavy metal mercury).

[0030] Figure 4 This is the accuracy test card result in Example 4.

[0031] Figure 5 These are the results of the repeatability test card in Example 5 (A is the test result of heavy metal cadmium; B is the test result of heavy metal copper; C is the test result of heavy metal lead; D is the test result of heavy metal mercury). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The principles and features of the present invention are described below (in conjunction with the accompanying drawings). The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] The specific interpretation basis is as follows: Positive (+): the quality control line C is red, and the test line T is colorless or obviously lighter than the C line, indicating that the heavy metal concentration in the sample exceeds the qualitative detection limit, that is, the sample is unqualified; Negative (-): the quality control line C is red, and the test line T is darker than or the same darker than the quality control line C, indicating that the heavy metal cadmium concentration in the sample does not exceed the qualitative detection limit or there is no residue, that is, the sample is qualified; Invalid: the quality control line C is not colored, indicating improper operation or invalid test card, and retesting is required.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] 1. Preliminary screening of the extract

[0036] In the early stage, referring to the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine heavy metal extraction method in the prior art, perchloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, and concentrated hydrochloric acid were selected as the extraction solution. It was found that although the extraction effect was good, no matter which buffer was selected, the requirement of adjusting the pH to neutral could not be achieved or the amount of buffer used was too much, and the results could not be obtained through the test card.

[0037] The pulverized Pueraria root was used as the sample to be tested, and the extraction was performed in a ratio of 1:8 between the medicinal material and the extract, and the filtrate was obtained after filtration. The extracts were 1% HCl solution, 2% HCl solution, 4% HCl solution, 5% HCl solution, 10% HCl solution, 20% HCl solution, 1% HNO 3 Solution, 2 % HNO 3 Solution, 4% HNO 3 Solution, 5% HNO 3 Solution, 10% HNO 3 The heavy metal content in the extract was tested (using ICP-MS method) and the extraction effects of different extracts were compared. The results are as follows: Figure 2 .

[0038] According to the experimental results, for Cu, Cd, Hg, and Pb elements, 4-20% HCl solution, 4-10% HNO 3 However, for the extraction of Hg, 4-10% HCl solution is the best extraction solution; for the extraction of Pb, 4-10% HNO 3 Solution is superior to other extraction methods.

[0039] (II) Screening of buffer solutions

[0040] According to the above experimental results and the national regulatory requirements for hazardous chemicals, 4% HCl solution or 4% HNO 3Use 4% HCl solution as extract to screen the buffer. Use 4% HCl solution as extract to extract the sample, and mix the filtrate obtained after filtration with the buffer in different proportions until neutral to obtain the chromatographic solution. Add the chromatographic solution dropwise to the sample well of the corresponding heavy metal detection card, place the detection card flat on the table, let it stand at room temperature for 8-15 minutes, and observe the results. The ratio of filtrate to buffer and the buffer used are shown in the following table: Table 1: Buffer ratios and buffers used

[0041] In order to achieve limit detection and meet the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, it is necessary to strictly control the impact of the heavy metal extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine on the heavy metal content. Only when the system magnification matches the detection line of the test card can accurate detection be achieved. As can be seen from the table, when 0.5M phosphate buffer is used to adjust the pH to neutral, the magnification of the entire system is too large, and the test card cannot achieve limited detection. When 1M phosphate buffer is used, no clear bands appear on the test card, which may be due to the high salt content in the phosphate buffer causing the antibody to be inactivated. Both Tris-HCl buffer and PBS buffer can adjust the filtrate to the applicable range to achieve the test results. Among them, 1M Tris-HCl buffer has the least amount of use and can be preferably selected.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This embodiment provides a method for rapidly detecting four heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine.

[0044] The selected Chinese medicinal materials are Chuanxiong, white peony root, spiny jujube seed, peach kernel, honeysuckle, and mint. The kit used includes: test tube 1, containing 4 mL of 4% nitric acid extract; test tube 2, a filter tube with a filter pad; test tube 3, containing 2 mL of tris-HCl buffer with a pH of 8.0; a four-in-one test card, the structure of which is based on Figure 1 The test card includes a heavy metal Cd immune colloidal gold rapid test strip, a heavy metal Pb immune colloidal gold rapid test strip, a heavy metal Hg immune colloidal gold rapid test strip, and a heavy metal Cu immune colloidal gold rapid test strip placed in a card shell. The above four test strips are assembled together in the same test card. Perform the test according to the following steps.

[0045] S101: crushing the medicinal materials into coarse powder to obtain a sample to be tested; S102: Take 0.5 g of the sample to be tested and add it to test tube 1, rotate and shake to mix, and centrifuge or let it stand to obtain the supernatant; S103: transfer the supernatant to test tube 2 to obtain a filtrate; S104: Take 0.5 mL of the filtrate into test tube 3 and mix well to obtain the chromatographic solution; S105: Take the chromatography solution and drip it into the sample adding hole of the four-in-one test card, place the test card flat on the table, let it stand at room temperature for 8-15 minutes, and determine the result. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2 Test results of four heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials

[0047] Example 3 Heavy Metal Accuracy Test

[0048] According to the detection method in Example 2, the Chinese medicinal materials Chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, white peony root, honeysuckle, gardenia, spiny jujube seed, ginseng, American ginseng, white peony root, angelica dahurica, and angelica were tested for heavy metal cadmium; the Chinese medicinal materials Pueraria root, licorice, angelica, American ginseng, Chuanxiong, white peony root, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and ginseng were tested for heavy metal copper; the Chinese medicinal materials Chuanxiong, white peony root, ginseng, honeysuckle, spiny jujube seed, and mint were tested for heavy metal lead; the Chinese medicinal materials Chuanxiong, white peony root, Salvia miltiorrhiza, ginseng, honeysuckle, spiny jujube seed, and mint were tested for heavy metal mercury. At the same time, the corresponding heavy metal contents in the above-mentioned Chinese medicines were determined with reference to the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) published in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" to verify the accuracy of the detection method of the present invention. The results are shown in Table 3 and Figure 2 shown.

[0049] Table 3 Accuracy test

[0050] It can be seen from the above chart that the color development results of the detection method provided by the present invention can correspond to the ICP-MS measurement results, showing good accuracy.

[0051] Example 4: Specific detection of heavy metals.

[0052] The purpose is to determine whether there is cross-interference between the element to be tested and the other three heavy metal elements.

[0053] Preparation of test samples: Specific test samples for heavy metal cadmium: Accurately measure an appropriate amount of cadmium standard stock solution, dilute it with tris-HCL buffer with a pH of 8.0 to a concentration 10 times lower than the detection limit of the element to be tested, that is, 10 ppb, and then add the other three heavy metal standard stock solutions. The heavy metal cadmium concentration is 10 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 10ppb, sample 1, sample 2, 100 ppb, and sample 3, 1000 ppb. Separately prepare heavy metal cadmium concentration of 100 ppb, the detection limit concentration of the element to be tested is 100 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 10 ppb, sample 4, sample 5, 100 ppb, and sample 6, 1000 ppb.

[0054] Specific detection samples of heavy metal copper: accurately measure an appropriate amount of copper standard stock solution, dilute it with tris-HCL buffer with a pH of 8.0 to a concentration 10 times lower than the detection limit of the element to be detected, that is, 10 ppb, and then add the other three heavy metal standard stock solutions. The heavy metal copper concentration is 10 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 10 ppb for sample 1, 100 ppb for sample 2, and 1000 ppb for sample 3. Separately prepare heavy metal copper concentration of 100 ppb, the detection limit concentration of the element to be detected is 100 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 10 ppb for sample 4, 100 ppb for sample 5, and 1000 ppb for sample 6.

[0055] Specific detection samples for heavy metal mercury: accurately measure an appropriate amount of mercury standard stock solution, dilute it with tris-HCL buffer with a pH of 8.0 to a concentration 10 times lower than the detection limit of the element to be detected, that is, 10 ppb, and then add the other three heavy metal standard stock solutions. Sample 1 with a heavy metal mercury concentration of 10 ppb and the other three heavy metal concentrations of 10 ppb, sample 2 with 100 ppb, and sample 3 with 1000 ppb. Separately prepare samples with a heavy metal mercury concentration of 100 ppb, the detection limit concentration of the element to be detected is 100 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 10 ppb, sample 4 with 100 ppb, sample 5 with 100 ppb, and sample 6 with 1000 ppb.

[0056] Specific detection samples for heavy metal lead: Accurately measure an appropriate amount of lead standard stock solution, dilute it with tris-HCL buffer with a pH of 8.0 to a concentration 10 times lower than the detection limit of the element to be tested, that is, 100 ppb, and then add the other three heavy metal standard stock solutions. The obtained heavy metal lead concentration is 100 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 100 ppb for sample 1, 1000 ppb for sample 2, and 10000 ppb for sample 3. The heavy metal lead concentration is 1000 ppb, and the other three heavy metal concentrations are all 100 ppb for sample 4, 1000 ppb for sample 5, and 1000 ppb for sample 6.

[0057] The above samples were tested for four heavy metals according to the detection method in Example 2, and the results were compared with the results of ICP-MS. The results are shown in Table 4 and Figure 3 shown.

[0058] Table 4 Specificity test

[0059] It can be seen that when the Cd concentration of the cadmium test strip is low (10ppb), the color development result is negative regardless of the concentration of other elements (10~1000ppb); when the Cd concentration of the cadmium test strip is high (100ppb), the color development result is positive regardless of the concentration of other elements (10~1000ppb), and the color development result is not affected by other elements. When the Cu concentration of the copper test strip is low (10ppb), the color development result is negative regardless of the concentration of other elements (10~1000ppb), and the color development result is not affected by other elements; when the Cu concentration of the copper test strip is high (100ppb), the color development result is positive regardless of the concentration of other elements (10~1000ppb), and the color development result is not affected by other elements. When the Pb concentration of the lead test strip is low (100ppb), the color development result is negative regardless of the concentration of other elements (100~10000ppb); when the Pb concentration of the lead test strip is high (1000ppb), the color development result is positive regardless of the concentration of other elements (100~10000ppb), and the color development result is not affected by other elements. When the Pb concentration of the mercury test strip is low (10ppb), the color development result is negative regardless of the concentration of other elements (10~1000ppb); when the Pb concentration of the lead test strip is high (100ppb), the color development result is positive regardless of the concentration of other elements (10~1000ppb), and the color development result is not affected by other elements. The detection method provided by the present invention has good specificity.

[0060] Example 5: Repeatability detection of heavy metals

[0061] According to the detection method in Example 2, the four heavy metals in the Chinese medicine peach kernel, honeysuckle and mint were detected, and each group was repeated 5 times. At the same time, the results were compared with the results of the ICP-MS method to verify the repeatability of the detection method of the present invention. The results are shown in Table 5 and Figure 4 shown.

[0062] Table 5 Repeatability test

[0063] As can be seen from the chart, the detection method provided by the present invention has consistent color development in the same Chinese medicinal materials, and the positive and negative properties can correspond to the ICP-MS results, so the repeatability of this method is good.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials, characterized in that a kit for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials is used for detection; the kit comprises a heavy metal detection card, a test tube 1, a test tube 2 and a test tube 3; the test tube 1 contains an extract, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%; the test tube 2 is provided with a filter pad; the test tube 3 contains a buffer; the buffer is a tris-HCL buffer or a phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.5 to 8.5; the detection card comprises a heavy metal test strip and a card shell; the surface of the card shell is provided with a sample addition hole and an observation port; the heavy metal test strip is a colloidal gold immunochromatography reagent strip; The detection method comprises the following steps: S101: Grinding the medicinal materials into coarse powder to obtain a sample to be tested; S102: Take 0.2~1 g of the sample to be tested and add it to test tube 1, rotate and shake to mix, and centrifuge or let it stand to obtain the supernatant; S103: transfer the supernatant to test tube 2 to obtain a filtrate; S104: Take the filtrate into test tube 3, mix well, and obtain a chromatography solution; S105: Take the chromatography solution and drip it into the sample adding hole of the heavy metal detection card, place the detection card flat on the table, let it stand at room temperature for 8-15 minutes, and determine the result.

2. The method for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the Chinese medicinal materials are plant-based Chinese medicinal materials.

3. The method for rapid detection of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the heavy metal is cadmium or copper, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%; when the heavy metal is lead, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10%; when the heavy metal is mercury, the extract is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%.

4. The method for rapid detection of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines according to claim 3 is characterized in that, when the heavy metal is cadmium or copper, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 4-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4-10%; when the heavy metal is lead, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 4-10%; when the heavy metal is mercury, the extract is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4-10%.

5. The method for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The buffer solution is a tris-HCL buffer solution with a pH of 7.8 to 8.

2.

6. The method for rapid detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the filtrate to the buffer solution is 1:4-9.

7. A kit for rapid detection of multiple heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine, characterized in that it comprises a test card, test tube 1, test tube 2 and test tube 3; the test tube 1 contains an extract, the extract is nitric acid with a concentration of 2-10% or hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-20%; the test tube 2 is provided with a filter pad; the test tube 3 contains a buffer; the buffer is a tris-HCL buffer or a phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.5-8.5; the test card comprises a heavy metal test strip and a card shell; the surface of the card shell is provided with a sample addition hole and an observation port; the heavy metal test strip is a colloidal gold immunochromatography reagent strip.

8. The kit for rapid detection of multiple heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 6 is characterized in that the heavy metal detection card is any combination of two of the heavy metal cadmium detection card, the heavy metal copper detection card, the heavy metal lead detection card, and the heavy metal mercury detection card; and the combination of the heavy metal detection cards is that the heavy metal test strips are combined and installed in the same card shell.

9. The kit for rapid detection of multiple heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 7, characterized in that the heavy metal detection card is a heavy metal cadmium detection card, a heavy metal copper detection card, a heavy metal lead detection card, or a heavy metal mercury detection card.

10. The kit for rapid detection of multiple heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 9, characterized in that the test tube 1 contains 3-5 mL of 4-8% hydrochloric acid or nitric acid; the test tube 2 is provided with a filter pad; and the test tube 3 contains 2-4 mL of pH 7.8-8.2 tris-HCL buffer.

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