Imaging gather Q value compensation processing method and device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method, device and equipment and a storage medium. The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method comprises the following steps: acquiring an imaging gather; performing windowing processing on the seismic signals in the imaging gather by using a Hamming window; grouping the imaging gathers according to offsets, and determining relative Q values of time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on a mean spectrum ratio method; and based on stable inverse Q filtering, compensation is carried out through the relative Q value. Relative compensation is carried out on the gathers according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, the defect that a seismic wave propagation rule is not considered in a traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is overcome, seismic data is compensated through the method, the in-phase property of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and due to the fact that the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio cannot be remarkably reduced, and the imaging accuracy is improved. Finally, the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation precision is relatively good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to an imaging gather Q-value compensation processing method, device, computer equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In seismic exploration, the Q value of imaging gathers is a parameter that characterizes the energy of seismic signals and is used to describe the degree of energy attenuation of seismic waves during propagation. The Q value is related to the frequency of seismic waves and usually refers to the degree of energy attenuation of seismic signals during propagation, that is, the rate of signal energy loss. The higher the Q value, the slower the attenuation of seismic signal energy, and vice versa. In seismic exploration, the estimation and application of the Q value are of great significance for the processing and imaging of seismic signals. By analyzing and calculating the Q value of seismic waves, the properties, structure and physical characteristics of underground rock formations can be more accurately evaluated and predicted, providing an important reference for geologists and petroleum engineers. Therefore, the estimation and processing of the Q value of imaging gathers is an important link in seismic exploration. Seismic imaging uses seismic wave data to generate images to reveal information about the internal structure and dynamic system of the underground. The influence of the Q value also needs to be considered in the process of seismic imaging. The Q value is directly related to the attenuation of seismic waves in the earth's medium, and the attenuation directly affects the acquisition and processing of seismic wave data, thereby affecting the quality and accuracy of seismic imaging.

[0003] The underground medium generally has viscoelasticity. If it is not effectively compensated, the resolution of seismic imaging will be reduced. The current compensation methods are divided into three categories. The first category is to compensate the seismic data before stacking. This method is usually based on a single-channel seismic signal for compensation. Since the actual propagation path of the seismic wave is not considered, the compensation accuracy is generally low. The second category is to compensate the seismic wave energy during the imaging process. This method has high theoretical accuracy and takes into account the actual propagation of seismic waves. However, compensation in the strong attenuation area will cause unstable growth of noise, which will lead to unstable imaging and contamination of the overall imaging results. The third is to compensate the imaging stacking data directly after stacking. The compensation is relatively rough and significantly reduces the resolution of the imaging, and the recognition is low. In other words, in the prior art, in order to eliminate the influence of the viscoelasticity of the underground medium, there are problems such as low compensation accuracy, unstable imaging results and easy contamination, and low imaging resolution when compensating the data. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to improve the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gather, and to provide a Q value compensation processing method, device, computer equipment and storage medium based on the imaging gather with relatively high compensation accuracy, stable imaging results and high imaging resolution.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtain imaging gathers;

[0007] Determine the size of the Hamming window, and use the Hamming window to perform windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather to smooth the seismic signal;

[0008] The imaging gathers are grouped according to offsets, with the minimum offset group as the reference group, and relative Q values ​​of time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on a mean spectral ratio method;

[0009] Based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the corresponding time windows of the seismic traces of the offset groups other than the minimum offset group are compensated by relative Q values.

[0010] In one embodiment, after the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group by relative Q values ​​based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method further comprises the following steps:

[0011] Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows in the imaging gathers respectively;

[0012] All compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain compensated imaging results.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, when the imaging gathers are grouped according to offset, every three seismic signals form a group.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the step of grouping the imaging gathers by offset, taking the minimum offset group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, the formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the i-th offset group, ln(G) is a constant, f is the frequency band, Q i is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group.

[0018] In one embodiment, in the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group respectively by relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering, the following formula is used for compensation:

[0019]

[0020] in, A1(f) is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, A0(0,f) is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, ε 2 It is a very small positive number, f0 is the tuning frequency, and the main frequency of the explosive source is selected.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, comprising:

[0022] An acquisition module is used to acquire imaging gathers;

[0023] A Hamming window processing module, used for determining the size of the Hamming window, and performing windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signal;

[0024] A grouping and relative Q value determination module is used to group the imaging gathers according to offsets, take the minimum offset group as a reference group, and determine the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectrum ratio method;

[0025] The compensation module is used to compensate the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group in the corresponding time windows through the relative Q value based on the stable inverse Q filtering.

[0026] In one embodiment, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing device further includes:

[0027] An imaging gather compensation module is used to compensate seismic signals in different offset groups and different time windows in the imaging gathers through grouping and relative Q value determination modules and compensation modules;

[0028] The stacking module is used to stack all compensated seismic gathers to obtain compensated imaging results.

[0029] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method described in any of the above embodiments when executing the program.

[0030] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0031] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method first performs windowing processing on the seismic signal of the imaging gather, performs smoothing and weighting on the signal, thereby obtaining more accurate frequency domain information, and then groups the imaging gathers according to the offset, and determines the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, and then performs stable inverse Q filtering based on the determined relative Q values, and compensates the seismic signals of the time windows corresponding to the seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group by the relative Q values. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gathers, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gathers are relatively compensated according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, and the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0032] The present invention improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gathers, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the resolution of the seismic data to decrease, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present invention effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gathers, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0033] In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation media. The method used is: based on the imaging gathers obtained by conventional processing, a Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually selected to be 300ms for best adaptability. The imaging gathers are classified according to the offset distance, with each 3 tracks as a group, and the minimum offset distance is used as the reference group. The relative Q values ​​corresponding to different offset distances are obtained by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time windows of different offset distances are compensated based on the stable inverse Q filter. By analogy, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0034] The present invention provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gathers. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: it solves the Q value calculation problem in conventional methods, performs relative compensation on gathers according to the spectrum consistency of gathers, and solves the drawback of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in traditional single-channel compensation algorithms. By compensating seismic data through the present invention, the in-phase property of imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since relative Q values ​​are used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A step diagram of a Q-value compensation processing method for imaging gathers according to an embodiment;

[0036] Figure 2-1 An analysis spectrum diagram of a seismic gather classified according to offset distance in a Q value compensation processing method of an imaging gather in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2-2 An imaging gather after compensation of a seismic gather in an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method according to an embodiment and a spectrum diagram corresponding to different offset groups;

[0038] Figure 2-3 An imaging result after stacking of imaging gathers before compensation in an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2-4 An imaging result after stacking of compensated imaging gathers in an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a module structure diagram of an imaging gather Q value compensation processing device according to an embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, in order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, and the preferred implementation methods of the present application are given in the accompanying drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the implementation methods described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these implementation methods is to make the disclosure of the present application more thoroughly and comprehensively understood. The present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art of the present application. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation methods and are not intended to limit the present application. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] In a first aspect, the present application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method. In one embodiment, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method comprises the following steps:

[0045] S110: Acquire imaging gathers;

[0046] A seismic imaging gather refers to a group of seismic records obtained after processing in seismic exploration. These records come from the same reflection point underground and have the same underground offset. By analyzing and processing these seismic records, the underground stratigraphic structure and physical property information can be obtained. In seismic exploration, multiple seismic detectors are usually used to receive seismic waves from underground reflection points. Each detector records a seismic trace, so the records of multiple detectors constitute a seismic imaging gather. By processing and interpreting these seismic records, the underground stratigraphic structure and physical property information can be obtained, which provides an important basis for the exploration and development of resources such as oil and natural gas. In this embodiment, the imaging gather can also be referred to as a seismic imaging gather. In this embodiment, the imaging gather used can be an imaging gather obtained based on conventional processing. An imaging gather usually includes multiple seismic signals.

[0047] S120: determining the size of the Hamming window, and using the Hamming window to perform windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather to smooth the seismic signal;

[0048] In this embodiment, the seismic signal in the imaging gather is windowed by using a Hamming window to smooth the seismic signal; by first windowing the seismic signal in the imaging gather, the signal is smoothed and weighted, thereby obtaining more accurate frequency domain information. It should be noted that the size of the Hamming window is usually determined according to the length of the signal and the required processing effect. When performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT), leakage may occur on the spectrum due to the limited length of the signal. In order to reduce this leakage, a Hamming window may be used to window the original signal. Its main function is to smooth and weight the signal in the time domain, suppress the endpoint leakage of the signal, and reduce the leakage of the signal during the FFT process, thereby obtaining more accurate frequency domain information. In practical applications, the size of the Hamming window can be selected according to specific needs and signal characteristics. A common method is to set the length of the window function to half the length of the original signal, which can effectively reduce leakage and retain the important features of the signal. At the same time, the optimal window function size can also be determined through experiments and simulations.

[0049] In this embodiment, the Hamming window can be selected from top to bottom. In one embodiment, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300ms. Thus, the applicant has found through research that the time window length is usually selected to be 300ms for best adaptability.

[0050] In this embodiment, for the specific process of windowing the seismic signals in the imaging gathers based on the rectangular Hamming window, please refer to the prior art, and this application will not go into details here.

[0051] S130: grouping the imaging gathers according to offsets, taking the minimum offset group as a reference group, and determining relative Q values ​​of time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on a mean spectral ratio method;

[0052] In this embodiment, the imaging gathers are grouped according to offsets, the minimum offset group is used as a reference group, and the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on the mean spectral ratio method. Specifically, the imaging gathers are grouped according to offsets, wherein the smallest one is the minimum offset group. Specifically, the offset grouping is performed according to a certain offset distance range, such as 10 meters to 20 meters, 20 meters to 30 meters, 30 meters to 40 meters, etc., and the smallest one at the beginning is the minimum offset group.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, when the imaging gathers are grouped by offset, the seismic signals of the imaging gathers are grouped into 3 traces. That is, when the imaging gathers are grouped by offset, 3 seismic signals are grouped into one. In this way, it is convenient to determine the relative Q value later, and the signal compensation of the corresponding offset group can be performed better according to the relative Q value, so as to ensure the compensation accuracy and improve the subsequent resolution.

[0054] In this embodiment, the minimum offset group is used as the reference group, and the relative Q values ​​of different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined by the mean spectral ratio method.

[0055] In one embodiment, in the step of grouping the imaging gathers by offset, taking the minimum offset group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, the formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the i-th offset group, ln(G) is a constant, f is the frequency band, Q i is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group. Thus, by using the formula of the mean spectral ratio method above and solving the formula for Q i , which can better determine the relative Q value of different offset groups (i group) relative to the minimum offset group.

[0058] It should be noted that the mean spectrum ratio method is a method used in seismic exploration to estimate the depth of the underground reflection interface. This method is based on the spectrum analysis of seismic signals and uses the ratio of the average spectrum of the reflection wave group to the average spectrum of the adjacent wave group to estimate the depth of the reflection interface. Its general steps are as follows: Perform Fourier transform on the seismic signal to obtain the spectrum of the seismic signal. Divide the spectrum of the seismic signal into several segments, each corresponding to a reflection wave group. Calculate the average spectrum of each reflection wave group. Select a reference wave group and calculate the ratio of the average spectrum of other wave groups to the average spectrum of the reference wave group. Use the ratio and the depth of the reference wave group to estimate the depth of the reflection interface corresponding to the other wave groups. In this embodiment, by grouping the imaging gathers according to the offset, taking the minimum offset group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q value of the time window position corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectrum ratio method, it is convenient to perform signal compensation on the corresponding i-th group of offset groups based on the relative Q value, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of viscoelasticity of the underground medium.

[0059] S140: Based on stable inverse Q filtering, seismic signals of corresponding time windows of seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group are compensated by relative Q values.

[0060] In this embodiment, the relative Q value relative to the minimum offset group is obtained according to the offset group of the i-th group, and then based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the corresponding time windows of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group are compensated by the relative Q value, so as to eliminate or reduce the influence of the viscoelasticity of the underground medium. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gather, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gather is relatively compensated according to the spectrum consistency of the gather, and the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gather can be effectively improved, and because the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0061] In this embodiment, stable inverse Q filtering is a signal processing method in seismic exploration, which is used to compensate for the absorption attenuation of the earth. This method has high requirements in terms of stability and effectiveness. The traditional gain-limited inverse Q filtering method may over-amplify the noise when processing seismic signals, while the stable inverse Q filtering can better restore the attenuated seismic signal and automatically limit the excessive amplification of the noise. The implementation process of stable inverse Q filtering includes the following steps: first, select appropriate filter parameters according to the characteristics of the seismic signal; then, use the filter to process the seismic signal; finally, by analyzing the processed seismic signal, the underground stratum structure and physical property information can be obtained. It should be noted that in the process of stable inverse Q filtering, it is necessary to consider the influence of factors such as noise and gain limiting factors on the filtering results, and perform appropriate processing.

[0062] In one embodiment, in the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group respectively by relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering, the following formula is used for compensation:

[0063]

[0064] in, A1(f) is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, A0(0,f) is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, ε 2 It is a very small positive number, f0 is the tuning frequency, and the main frequency of the explosive source is selected.

[0065] In this embodiment, by adopting the above formula based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the seismic channels corresponding to the time windows of other offset groups except the minimum offset group are compensated by relative Q values, and the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gathers, which solves the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method, and relatively compensates the gathers according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers. At the same time, the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data through the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and because the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and the imaging effect can be effectively improved in the end. The imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0066] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method first performs windowing processing on the seismic signal of the imaging gather, performs smoothing and weighting on the signal, thereby obtaining more accurate frequency domain information, and then groups the imaging gathers according to the offset, and determines the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, and then performs stable inverse Q filtering based on the determined relative Q values, and compensates the seismic signals of the time windows corresponding to the seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group by the relative Q values. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gathers, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gathers are relatively compensated according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, and the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0067] It should be noted that, in the above embodiment, compensation is performed for seismic signals of a certain group (i-th group) of offset groups. In order to better compensate for multiple offset groups and the entire seismic gather, in one embodiment, after the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group in the corresponding time windows by relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method further includes the following steps:

[0068] Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows in the imaging gathers respectively;

[0069] All compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain compensated imaging results.

[0070] In this embodiment, it is necessary to determine the relative Q values ​​of seismic signals in different offset groups and different time windows relative to the minimum offset group, and then compensate the seismic signals of the corresponding offset groups according to the relative Q values, so as to reduce or eliminate the influence caused by the viscoelasticity of the underground medium. Then, all the compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging results.

[0071] It should be noted that how to superimpose all compensated seismic traces to obtain compensated imaging results can be referred to the prior art, and this application will not elaborate on this.

[0072] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method first performs windowing processing on the seismic signal of the imaging gather, performs smoothing and weighting on the signal, thereby obtaining more accurate frequency domain information, and then groups the imaging gathers according to the offset, and determines the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, and then performs stable inverse Q filtering based on the determined relative Q values, and compensates the seismic signals of the time windows corresponding to the seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group by the relative Q values. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gathers, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gathers are relatively compensated according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, and the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0073] The present invention improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gathers, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the resolution of the seismic data to decrease, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present invention effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gathers, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0074] In other embodiments, the present invention is directed to the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation media. The method used is: based on the imaging gathers obtained by conventional processing, a Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually selected to be 300ms for best adaptability. The imaging gathers are classified according to the offset distance, with each 3 tracks as a group, and the minimum offset distance is used as the reference group. The relative Q values ​​corresponding to different offset distances are obtained by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time windows of different offset distances are compensated based on the stable inverse Q filter. By analogy, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging result.

[0075] The present invention provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gathers. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: it solves the Q value calculation problem in conventional methods, performs relative compensation on gathers according to the spectrum consistency of gathers, and solves the drawback of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in traditional single-channel compensation algorithms. By compensating seismic data through the present invention, the in-phase property of imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since relative Q values ​​are used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] The present application provides an imaging gather Q value adaptive compensation method. The purpose of the present invention is to improve the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of the imaging gather, and provide higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the resolution of the seismic data to decrease. The resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present invention effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gather, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work. The present invention is aimed at the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation medium. The method adopted is: based on the imaging gather obtained by conventional processing, the Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually selected to be 300ms for the best adaptability. The imaging gathers are classified according to the offset, and each 3 channels are taken as a group. The minimum offset is used as the reference group. The relative Q values ​​corresponding to different offsets are obtained by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time windows of different offsets are compensated based on the stable inverse Q filter. By analogy, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging result. This embodiment is specifically achieved through the following process:

[0078] 1) Determine the size of the Hamming window and select the seismic signal of the seismic gather. The present invention adopts a fixed time window length of 300ms;

[0079] 2) The seismic traces are grouped according to the offset distance, with 3 traces as a group. The relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different seismic trace groups are obtained according to the mean spectral ratio method. The formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the i-th offset group, ln(G) is a constant, f is the frequency band, Q i is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group.

[0082] 3) Compensate the signals of the corresponding time windows of the seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group by relative Q value. The compensation algorithm is:

[0083]

[0084] in, A1(f) is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, A0(0,f) is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, ε 2 It is a very small positive number, f0 is the tuning frequency, and the main frequency of the explosive source is selected.

[0085] 4) Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows, automatically compensate all seismic gathers, and finally superimpose all seismic gathers to obtain compensated imaging results.

[0086] The present invention provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gathers. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: it solves the Q value calculation problem in conventional methods, performs relative compensation on the gathers according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, and solves the drawback of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm. By compensating the seismic data through the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, it will not cause a significant decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio, and can ultimately effectively improve the imaging effect.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] The following is an actual data experiment to verify the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method provided in this application. Figure 2-1 to Figure 2-4 As shown, it is a diagram of processing a specific imaging gather data in this embodiment. Figure 2-1 An analysis spectrum diagram of a seismic gather classified according to offset distance in a Q value compensation processing method of an imaging gather in one embodiment; Figure 2-2 An imaging gather after compensation of a seismic gather in an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method according to an embodiment and a spectrum diagram corresponding to different offset groups; Figure 2-3 An imaging result after stacking of imaging gathers before compensation in an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method in one embodiment; Figure 2-4 An imaging result after stacking of compensated imaging gathers in an imaging gather Q value compensation processing method in one embodiment;

[0089] like Figure 2-1 As shown in the figure, conventional processing is used to obtain seismic gathers, and the frequency spectra of near deviation, medium deviation and far deviation are analyzed. It is found that: from near deviation to far deviation, the main frequency gradually decreases, which is in line with the basic law of seismic wave propagation.

[0090] like Figure 2-2As shown, after the seismic gathers are relatively compensated by the method of the present invention, the spectra of near deviation, medium deviation and far deviation are analyzed, and it is found that the resolution of the compensated gathers is effectively improved and the main frequencies tend to be consistent.

[0091] like Figure 2-3 As shown, this is the imaging result obtained by stacking the gathers before compensation.

[0092] like Figure 2-4 The figure shows the imaging result obtained by stacking the compensated gathers. After relative compensation, the comparison Figure 2-3 The resolution of seismic imaging is significantly improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio is slightly reduced, which is consistent with the cognition of conventional processing. Near the 3500m target layer, the seismic energy is effectively compensated, the resolution is effectively improved, and the quality of seismic data is improved.

[0093] It shows that the present invention uses an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gathers to perform Q value adaptive compensation on seismic gathers, avoiding the need to obtain Q values ​​and the unstable growth of noise caused by small Q values. Practical data proves that the present invention can effectively improve the resolution of seismic data and can provide strong technical support for exploration and development if used reasonably.

[0094] Example 4

[0095] In the second aspect, the present application provides an imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, see Figure 3 , the imaging gather Q value compensation processing device comprises:

[0096] An acquisition module is used to acquire imaging gathers;

[0097] A Hamming window processing module, used for determining the size of the Hamming window, and performing windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signal;

[0098] A grouping and relative Q value determination module is used to group the imaging gathers according to offsets, take the minimum offset group as a reference group, and determine the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectrum ratio method;

[0099] The compensation module is used to compensate the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group in the corresponding time windows through the relative Q value based on the stable inverse Q filtering.

[0100] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing device comprises an acquisition module, a Hamming window processing module, a grouping and relative Q value determination module, and a compensation module. The imaging gathers are firstly subjected to windowing processing and smooth weighting of the signals to obtain more accurate frequency domain information. The imaging gathers are then grouped according to offsets, and relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on a mean spectral ratio method. Then, the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group are respectively determined based on the relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering. The seismic signal of the window is compensated. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatically compensating the imaging gather for the Q value, which solves the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method, and relatively compensates the gather according to the spectrum consistency of the gather. At the same time, the drawback of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gather can be effectively improved, and because the relative Q value is used, it will not cause a significant decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good. The present invention improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the imaging gather for the Q value, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the resolution of the seismic data to decrease, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present invention effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gather, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0101] In one embodiment, in the Hamming window processing module, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is determined to be 300ms. Thus, the applicant has found through research that the time window length is usually the best when 300ms is selected.

[0102] In one embodiment, in the grouping and relative Q value determination module, when the imaging gathers are grouped by offset, the seismic signals of the imaging gathers are grouped into 3 traces. That is, when the imaging gathers are grouped by offset, 3 seismic signals are grouped into one. In this way, it is convenient to determine the relative Q value later, and the signal compensation of the corresponding offset group can be performed better according to the relative Q value, so as to ensure the compensation accuracy and improve the subsequent resolution.

[0103] In one embodiment, the formula of the mean spectral ratio method of the grouping and relative Q value determination module is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the i-th offset group, ln(G) is a constant, f is the frequency band, Q i is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group. Thus, by using the formula of the mean spectral ratio method above and solving the formula for Q i , which can better determine the relative Q value of different offset groups (i group) relative to the minimum offset group.

[0106] In one embodiment, the compensation module uses the following formula for compensation:

[0107]

[0108] in, A1(f) is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, A0(0,f) is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, ε 2 It is a very small positive number, f0 is the tuning frequency, and the main frequency of the explosive source is selected.

[0109] In this embodiment, by adopting the above formula based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the seismic channels corresponding to the time windows of other offset groups except the minimum offset group are compensated by relative Q values, and the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gathers, which solves the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method, and relatively compensates the gathers according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers. At the same time, the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data through the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and because the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and the imaging effect can be effectively improved in the end. The imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good.

[0110] In one embodiment, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing device further includes:

[0111] An imaging gather compensation module is used to compensate seismic signals in different offset groups and different time windows in the imaging gathers through grouping and relative Q value determination modules and compensation modules;

[0112] The stacking module is used to stack all compensated seismic gathers to obtain compensated imaging results.

[0113] In this embodiment, it is necessary to determine the relative Q values ​​of seismic signals in different offset groups and different time windows relative to the minimum offset group, and then compensate the seismic signals of the corresponding offset groups according to the relative Q values, so as to reduce or eliminate the influence caused by the viscoelasticity of the underground medium. Then, all the compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging results.

[0114] It should be noted that how to superimpose all compensated seismic traces to obtain compensated imaging results can be referred to the prior art, and this application will not elaborate on this.

[0115] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing device comprises an acquisition module, a Hamming window processing module, a grouping and relative Q value determination module, and a compensation module. The imaging gathers are firstly subjected to windowing processing and smooth weighting of the signals to obtain more accurate frequency domain information. The imaging gathers are then grouped according to offsets, and relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on a mean spectral ratio method. Then, the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group are respectively determined based on the relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering. The seismic signal of the window is compensated. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatically compensating the imaging gather for the Q value, which solves the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method, and relatively compensates the gather according to the spectrum consistency of the gather. At the same time, the drawback of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gather can be effectively improved, and because the relative Q value is used, it will not cause a significant decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good. The present invention improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the imaging gather for the Q value, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of the underground medium will cause the resolution of the seismic data to decrease, and the resolution of the seismic data affects the quality of the seismic data. The present invention effectively improves the quality of the seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gather, thereby providing strong technical support for the subsequent work.

[0116] Example 5

[0117] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the steps of the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method as described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0118] In one embodiment, a computer device, the internal structure diagram of which can be as follows Figure 4As shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, a display screen and an input device connected through a system bus. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with the server through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for compensating the Q value of an imaging gather is implemented. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad set on the computer device housing, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 4 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.

[0120] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:

[0121] Obtain imaging gathers;

[0122] Determine the size of the Hamming window, and use the Hamming window to perform windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather to smooth the seismic signal;

[0123] The imaging gathers are grouped according to offsets, with the minimum offset group as the reference group, and relative Q values ​​of time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on a mean spectral ratio method;

[0124] Based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the corresponding time windows of the seismic traces of the offset groups other than the minimum offset group are compensated by relative Q values.

[0125] In one embodiment, after the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group respectively by relative Q values ​​based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:

[0126] Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows in the imaging gathers respectively;

[0127] All compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain compensated imaging results.

[0128] In one of the embodiments, the fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms.

[0129] In one of the embodiments, when the imaging gathers are grouped according to offset, every three seismic signals form a group.

[0130] In one embodiment, in the step of grouping the imaging gathers by offset, taking the minimum offset group as the reference group, and determining the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, the formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the i-th offset group, ln(G) is a constant, f is the frequency band, Q i is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group.

[0133] In one embodiment, in the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group respectively by relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering, the following formula is used for compensation:

[0134]

[0135] in, A1(f) is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, A0(0,f) is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, ε 2 It is a very small positive number, f0 is the tuning frequency, and the main frequency of the explosive source is selected.

[0136] The imaging gather Q value compensation processing method and device firstly performs windowing processing on the seismic signal of the imaging gather, performs smoothing weighting on the signal, thereby obtaining more accurate frequency domain information, and then groups the imaging gathers according to the offset, and determines the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, and then performs stable inverse Q filtering based on the determined relative Q values, and compensates the seismic signals of the time windows corresponding to the seismic traces of other offset groups except the minimum offset group by the relative Q values. In this way, the resolution of seismic imaging is improved by automatic Q value compensation of the imaging gathers, the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method is solved, the gathers are relatively compensated according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, and the disadvantage of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm is solved. By compensating the seismic data of the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and since the relative Q value is used, the signal-to-noise ratio will not be significantly reduced, and finally the imaging effect can be effectively improved, the imaging result is stable, the imaging resolution is high, and the compensation accuracy is relatively good. The present invention improves the resolution of seismic imaging by automatically compensating the Q value of imaging gathers, and provides higher quality seismic data for subsequent reservoir prediction. The attenuation of underground media will cause the resolution of seismic data to decrease, and the resolution of seismic data affects the quality of seismic data. The present invention effectively improves the quality of seismic data by automatically compensating the seismic imaging gathers, thereby providing strong technical support for the development of subsequent work. In other embodiments, the present invention is aimed at the compensation problem of viscoacoustic attenuation media. The method adopted is: based on the imaging gathers obtained by conventional processing, the Hamming window is selected from top to bottom, and the time window length is usually selected to be 300ms for the best adaptability. The imaging gathers are classified according to the offset, and each 3 tracks are taken as a group, and the minimum offset is used as the reference group. The relative Q values ​​corresponding to different offsets are obtained by the spectral ratio method, and then the corresponding time windows of different offsets are compensated based on the stable inverse Q filter. By analogy, each imaging gather is compensated, and finally all the imaging gathers are superimposed to obtain the compensated imaging results. The present invention provides an automatic Q value compensation method based on imaging gathers. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: solving the Q value calculation problem in the conventional method, relatively compensating the gathers according to the spectrum consistency of the gathers, and solving the drawback of not considering the propagation law of seismic waves in the traditional single-channel compensation algorithm. By compensating the seismic data through the present invention, the in-phase of the imaging gathers can be effectively improved, and because the relative Q value is used, it will not cause a significant decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio, and ultimately the imaging effect can be effectively improved.

[0137] Example 6

[0138] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0139] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0140] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. It should be noted that "in one embodiment", "for example", "for example", etc. in this application are intended to illustrate the present application, rather than to limit the present application. The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that for a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several variations and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent in this application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A Q value compensation processing method for imaging gathers, characterized in that: The steps include: Obtain imaging gathers; Determine the size of the Hamming window, and use the Hamming window to perform windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather to smooth the seismic signal; The imaging gathers are grouped according to offsets, with the minimum offset group as the reference group, and relative Q values ​​of time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group are determined based on a mean spectral ratio method; Based on stable inverse Q filtering, the seismic signals of the corresponding time windows of the seismic traces of the offset groups other than the minimum offset group are compensated by relative Q values.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group respectively by relative Q values ​​based on the stable inverse Q filtering, the imaging gather Q value compensation processing method further comprises the following steps: Compensate the seismic signals in different offset groups and time windows in the imaging gathers respectively; All compensated seismic gathers are superimposed to obtain compensated imaging results.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fixed time window length of the Hamming window is 300 ms.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the imaging gathers are grouped according to offset distance, every three seismic signals form a group.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step of grouping the imaging gathers according to offsets, taking the minimum offset group as a reference group, and determining the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectral ratio method, the formula of the mean spectral ratio method is as follows: in, is the average spectrum corresponding to the minimum offset group, is the average spectrum corresponding to the i-th offset group, ln(G) is a constant, f is the frequency band, Q i is the relative Q value of the corresponding time window of the corresponding offset group.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step of compensating the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group in the corresponding time windows by relative Q values ​​based on stable inverse Q filtering, the following formula is used for compensation: in, A1(f) is the amplitude spectrum after compensation, A0(0,f) is the amplitude spectrum before compensation, ε 2 It is a very small positive number, f0 is the tuning frequency, and the main frequency of the explosive source is selected.

7. An imaging gather Q value compensation processing device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to acquire imaging gathers; A Hamming window processing module, used for determining the size of the Hamming window, and performing windowing processing on the seismic signal in the imaging gather using the Hamming window to smooth the seismic signal; A grouping and relative Q value determination module is used to group the imaging gathers according to offsets, take the minimum offset group as a reference group, and determine the relative Q values ​​of the time window positions corresponding to different offset groups relative to the minimum offset group based on the mean spectrum ratio method; The compensation module is used to compensate the seismic signals of the seismic traces of the other offset groups except the minimum offset group in the corresponding time windows through the relative Q value based on the stable inverse Q filtering.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The imaging gather Q value compensation processing device further comprises: An imaging gather compensation module is used to compensate seismic signals in different offset groups and different time windows in the imaging gathers through a grouping and relative Q value determination module and a compensation module; The stacking module is used to stack all compensated seismic gathers to obtain compensated imaging results.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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