Electric power indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring method and system based on electric power carbon emission flow actual measurement tracking

Abstract

An electric power indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring method based on electric power carbon emission flow actual measurement tracking comprises the following steps that on the power generation side, power generation carbon dioxide emission and various types of power generation data are collected, and on-grid power carbon emission factors of various types of power plants are calculated according to the power generation carbon dioxide emission and the power generation data; on the power grid side, the power transmission electric quantity of each node is collected, and on the basis of the power grid topology and the power carbon emission flow theory, the power carbon emission sharing factor of each level of power grid node is obtained through timing calculation according to the grid-connected power carbon emission factor, the power transmission electric quantity and the node level relation; and at a power utilization side, collecting the power consumption of the power consumer corresponding to each level of power grid node, and calculating the power indirect carbon emission of the power consumer according to the power carbon emission sharing factor of each power grid node and the collected power consumption of the power consumer corresponding to the power grid node. The invention further provides an electric power indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring system based on electric power carbon emission flow actual measurement tracking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of indirect carbon emission monitoring of electricity, and in particular to a method and system for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emission of electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow. Background Art

[0002] In the context of global climate change, accurate measurement and monitoring of carbon emissions have become an important basis for evaluating emission reduction effects and formulating emission reduction policies. As one of the main sources of carbon emissions, the measurement and monitoring of indirect carbon emissions in the power industry is particularly critical. However, traditional carbon emission measurement methods often rely on the emission factor coefficient of the State Grid for estimation. For example, the carbon emissions of the power user are calculated based on the emission factor coefficient of the State Grid and the power consumption of the power user. This kind of estimation has problems such as inaccurate data and untimely updates, and thus cannot meet the needs of precise and real-time carbon emission management. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring method for electricity based on the actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flows to meet the needs of precise and real-time carbon emission management.

[0004] It is also necessary to provide an indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring system for electricity based on the actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flows.

[0005] A method for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emissions from electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emissions flow, comprising the following steps: Step 100: On the power generation side, collect power generation carbon dioxide emissions and various types of power generation data, and calculate and measure the grid-connected power carbon emission factors of various types of power plants on the power generation side based on the power generation carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data; Step 200, on the grid side, the power transmission amount of each node is collected, and finally based on the grid topology and power carbon emission flow theory, the power carbon emission factor of the grid nodes at all levels is calculated according to the grid carbon emission factor, the power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship; Step 300, on the electricity consumption side, the electricity consumption of the power users corresponding to the grid nodes at each level is collected, and the indirect carbon emissions of the power users are calculated based on the electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of each grid node and the collected electricity consumption of the power users corresponding to the grid node.

[0006] Preferably, step 100 is specifically as follows: using a carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring system to measure the carbon emissions of the generator set on the power generation side, and using a high-precision smart electricity meter to measure the power generation of the unit, so as to calculate the carbon emission intensity per unit of power generation, that is, the carbon emission factor of the on-grid electricity, wherein there is no relevant electricity carbon emissions for new energy power plants such as photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower.

[0007] Preferably, step 200 specifically includes: setting an electric energy metering device at each node on the power grid side, and using the electric energy metering device to collect the power transmission amount of each node; Adding the power transmission amounts of nodes at the same level to obtain the total power transmission amount of the power grid nodes at that level; Based on the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected electricity of each power plant and the amount of electricity transmitted from the power plant to the grid node at that level, calculate the carbon dioxide emission share of the power plant transmitted to the grid node at that level; Accumulate the carbon dioxide emission apportionment in the power grid at that level to obtain the total carbon dioxide emission apportionment; The electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of the node of the power grid at this level is calculated regularly according to the total amount of power transmission and the total amount of carbon dioxide emission apportionment of the power grid node at this level; The electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of the node of the power grid at this level is provided to the electricity users on the electricity consumption side who are electrically connected to the node of the power grid at this level.

[0008] Preferably, step 300 specifically includes: on the electricity consumption side, the electricity user electrically connected to the node of the power grid at this level receives the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor; The power users electrically connected to the nodes of the power grid at this level measure the power consumption they use using the power metering device and generate the corresponding current power consumption value; The indirect carbon emissions of electricity users are calculated based on the received electricity carbon emission apportionment factor and the generated current electricity consumption value.

[0009] An indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring system for electric power based on actual measurement and tracking of electric power carbon emission flow, comprising: a carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device, an electric energy metering and collecting device on the power generation side, an electric energy metering and collecting device on the power grid side, an electric energy metering and collecting device on the power consumption side, an electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device, and an indirect carbon emission metering device for electric power; the carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device is used to measure the carbon emission of coal combustion during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set, and provide the carbon emission to the electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device; the electric energy metering and collecting device on the power generation side collects the power generation data of the power plant, and provides the power generation data and power plant information to the electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device; The electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device calculates and measures the carbon emission factors of the on-grid electricity of various types of power plants on the power generation side based on the carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data of power generation; The power grid-side electric energy metering and collection device collects the electric power transmission amount of each node, and provides the collected electric power transmission amount and the basic information of the nodes corresponding to the collected electric power transmission amount to the electric power carbon emission factor sharing calculation device, wherein the basic information includes the identification information of the node and the node level relationship information; the electric power carbon emission factor sharing calculation device stores the basic information, and based on the power grid topology and the theory of electric power carbon emission flow, calculates the electric power carbon emission sharing factor of each level of power grid nodes according to the online power carbon emission factor, the electric power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship at regular intervals; The electric energy metering and collecting device on the electricity consumption side collects the electric energy consumption of the electric power users corresponding to the grid nodes at all levels, generates the corresponding current electric energy consumption value, and provides it to the electric power indirect carbon emission metering device; The indirect electricity carbon emission metering device provides the basic information of the preset nodes electrically connected to the electricity user to the electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device. The electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device obtains the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor based on the basic information provided by the received indirect electricity carbon emission metering device and the basic information provided by the stored grid-side electric energy metering and collection device, and provides it to the indirect electricity carbon emission metering device; The electricity indirect carbon emissions metering device calculates the electricity user's electricity indirect carbon emissions based on the received current electricity consumption value and the electricity carbon emissions apportionment factor.

[0010] Preferably, the carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device comprises a carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit, a flue gas parameter measuring unit, a data acquisition and calculation unit and a data processing unit. The carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit is used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gas during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set using the infrared principle; the flue gas parameter measurement unit is used to measure the pressure, flow rate, temperature and humidity of the flue gas during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set; the data acquisition and calculation unit is used to collect the concentration data of the carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit and the pressure, flow rate, temperature and humidity measurement data of the flue gas, and calculate the flue gas flow rate and carbon dioxide emissions within a certain period of time based on the basic data; the data processing unit is used to perform data query, data display and data printing on the calculated flue gas flow rate and carbon dioxide emissions within a certain period of time.

[0011] Preferably, there is no related electricity carbon emissions for new energy power plants such as photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower.

[0012] Preferably, the electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device comprises: a receiving unit, an on-grid electric power carbon emission factor calculation unit, an electric power transmission total amount calculation unit, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment amount calculation unit, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount calculation unit, an electric power carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit, and a transmission unit; The receiving unit receives the power generation carbon dioxide emissions, power generation data and basic information of the power plant, and also receives the power transmission quantity and basic information of the nodes corresponding to the collected power transmission quantity provided by the power grid side power metering and collection device, and also receives the basic information of the preset nodes electrically connected to the power user provided by the power indirect carbon emissions metering device; The carbon emission factor calculation unit of the on-grid electricity obtains the carbon emission factor of the on-grid electricity of various types of power plants on the power generation side by calculating and measuring the carbon dioxide emissions of power generation and power generation data; The power transmission quantity calculation unit adds the power transmission quantities of nodes at the same level according to the power transmission quantity and basic information provided by the power grid side electric energy metering and collection device to obtain the total power transmission quantity of the power grid nodes at that level; The carbon dioxide emission apportionment calculation unit calculates the carbon dioxide emission apportionment of the power plant at the grid node at the level according to the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected power of each power plant and the amount of power transmitted from the power plant to the grid node at the level; The carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount calculation unit accumulates the carbon dioxide emission apportionment amounts in the grid nodes at that level to obtain the carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount; The power carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit periodically calculates the power carbon emission apportionment factor of the power grid node at this level according to the total power transmission amount and the total carbon dioxide emission apportionment amount of the power grid node at this level; The transmission unit obtains the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor based on the basic information provided by the received electricity indirect carbon emission metering device and the basic information provided by the stored grid-side electric energy metering and collection device, and provides the obtained electricity carbon emission apportionment factor to the electricity indirect carbon emission metering device.

[0013] In the above-mentioned indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring method and system for electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow, on the power generation side, the carbon dioxide emissions of power generation and various types of power generation data are collected, and the carbon emission factors of the on-grid power of various types of power plants on the power generation side are calculated and measured according to the carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data; on the power grid side, the power transmission amount of each node is collected, and finally, based on the power grid topology and the theory of power carbon emission flow, the power carbon emission apportionment factors of the power grid nodes at all levels are calculated according to the on-grid power carbon emission factors, the power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship; on the power consumption side, the power consumption of power users corresponding to the power grid nodes at all levels is collected, and the power indirect carbon emissions of power users are calculated according to the power carbon emission apportionment factor of each power grid node and the collected power consumption of the power users corresponding to the power grid node. In this way, by real-time monitoring and tracking of the power carbon emission flow, the indirect carbon emissions of power can be accurately calculated, avoiding the estimation error caused by the traditional emission factor method, ensuring that the indirect carbon emission data of power can be obtained in real time, and improving the timeliness of carbon emission management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring method for electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow proposed by the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the indirect electricity carbon emission measurement and monitoring system based on the actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow proposed by the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the functional units of the carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device.

[0017] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the functional units of the electricity carbon emission factor amortization calculation device.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring system for electricity based on the actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flows proposed in the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: an indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring system for electricity based on the actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow 10, a carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device 20, a carbon dioxide concentration measuring unit 21, a flue gas parameter measuring unit 22, a data acquisition and calculation unit 23, a data processing unit 24, an electric energy metering and collection device on the power generation side 30, an electric energy metering and collection device on the power grid side 40, an electric energy metering and collection device on the power consumption side 50, an electric energy carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60, a receiving unit 61, an on-grid power carbon emission factor calculation unit 62, a total amount of electric power transmission calculation unit 63, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment calculation unit 64, a total amount of carbon dioxide emission apportionment calculation unit 65, an electric energy carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit 66, a transmission unit 67, and an indirect carbon emission metering device for electricity 70. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] This application uses real-time monitoring of carbon emission flows during electricity production, transmission and consumption, and uses advanced sensor technology and data processing algorithms to achieve accurate measurement and effective monitoring of indirect carbon emissions from electricity with the help of carbon metering equipment and data processing platforms (systems). The data acquisition terminal on the power generation side collects carbon dioxide emissions from power generation and various types of power generation data, and calculates and measures the carbon emission factors of the on-grid power of various types of power plants on the power generation side; then the power transmission amount of each node is collected through the data acquisition terminal, and finally the power carbon emission factors of the power grid nodes at all levels are measured based on the power grid topology and power carbon emission flow theory; finally, the power carbon emission factor on the power consumption side is calculated through the data processing system, and the power consumption data collected by the data acquisition terminal is finally calculated to obtain the user's indirect carbon emissions from power.

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] A method for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emissions from electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emissions flow. Please also refer to Figure 1 , the method comprises the following steps: Step 100: On the power generation side, collect power generation carbon dioxide emissions and various types of power generation data, and calculate and measure the grid-connected power carbon emission factors of various types of power plants on the power generation side based on the power generation carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data; Step 200, on the power grid side, collect the power transmission amount of each node, and finally based on the power grid topology and power carbon emission flow theory, calculate the power carbon emission apportionment factor of each level of power grid nodes according to the online power carbon emission factor, the power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship; wherein, the power carbon emission flow theory in this method is specifically manifested in the transmission and distribution link of power on the power grid side. After all the carbon emissions flowing into the node are mixed at the node, they first meet the load of this node, and then flow to the next level line with the outflow flow. The carbon flow density of the outflow node line is equal to the carbon emission factor of the node (evenly mixed before flowing), realizing the layer-by-layer transmission of the carbon emission factor, and finally transmitting it to the user side.

[0023] Step 300, on the electricity consumption side, the electricity consumption of electricity users corresponding to the grid nodes at all levels is collected, and the indirect carbon emissions of electricity users are calculated based on the electricity carbon emission allocation factor of each grid node and the collected electricity consumption of the electricity users corresponding to the grid node, so as to realize the accurate measurement and monitoring of indirect carbon emissions of electricity on the user side.

[0024] Among them, step 100 is specifically: using the carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring system to measure the carbon emissions of the generator set on the power generation side, and using a high-precision smart electricity meter to measure the power generation of the unit, so as to calculate the carbon emission intensity per unit of power generation, that is, the carbon emission factor of the on-grid power. In this way, the carbon emissions of power generation are attached to the power generation, and the power generation of the power plant carries the attached carbon emissions into the power grid through the transmission line. Among them, for new energy power plants such as photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower, it is assumed that they do not have relevant power carbon emissions.

[0025] Wherein, step 200 specifically includes: setting an electric energy metering device at each node on the power grid side, and using the electric energy metering device to collect the power transmission amount of each node; Adding the power transmission amounts of nodes at the same level to obtain the total power transmission amount of the power grid nodes at that level; Based on the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected electricity of each power plant and the amount of electricity transmitted from the power plant to the grid node at that level, calculate the carbon dioxide emission share of the power plant transmitted to the grid node at that level; Accumulate the carbon dioxide emission apportionment in the power grid at that level to obtain the total carbon dioxide emission apportionment; The electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of the node of the power grid at this level is calculated regularly according to the total amount of power transmission and the total amount of carbon dioxide emission apportionment of the power grid node at this level; and providing the electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of the node of the power grid at this level to the power users on the electricity consumption side electrically connected to the node of the power grid at this level; Wherein, step 300 specifically includes: on the electricity consumption side, the electricity user electrically connected to the node of the power grid at this level receives the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor; The power users electrically connected to the nodes of the power grid at this level measure the power consumption they use using the power metering device and generate the corresponding current power consumption value; The indirect carbon emissions of electricity users are calculated based on the received electricity carbon emission apportionment factor and the generated current electricity consumption value.

[0026] Further, please also see Figures 2 to 5 The present application also provides an indirect carbon emission metering and monitoring system 10 for electricity based on the actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow, including: a carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device 20, an electric energy metering and collection device 30 on the power generation side, an electric energy metering and collection device 40 on the power grid side, an electric energy metering and collection device 50 on the power consumption side, an electric carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60, and an indirect carbon emission metering device 70 for electricity; the electric energy metering and collection device 30 on the power generation side, the electric energy metering and collection device 40 on the power grid side, and the indirect carbon emission metering device for electricity are correspondingly installed at new energy power plants, substations, and user entrances.

[0027] The carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device 20 is installed on the thermal power plant side. The carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device 20 is used to measure the carbon emissions of coal combustion during the power generation process of the thermal power plant's generator set, and provide the carbon emissions to the electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60; the power generation side electric energy metering and collection device 30 collects the power generation data of the power plant, and provides the power generation data and power plant information to the electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60; among them, there is no relevant electricity carbon emission for new energy power plants such as photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower.

[0028] The electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60 calculates and measures the on-grid electric power carbon emission factors of various types of power plants on the power generation side according to the electric power generation carbon dioxide emissions and the electric power generation data; The grid-side electric energy metering and collection device 40 collects the electric power transmission amount of each node, and provides the collected electric power transmission amount and the basic information of the nodes corresponding to the collected electric power transmission amount to the electric power carbon emission factor sharing calculation device 60, wherein the basic information includes the identification information of the node and the node level relationship information; the electric power carbon emission factor sharing calculation device 60 stores the basic information, and based on the grid topology and the electric power carbon emission flow theory, calculates the electric power carbon emission sharing factor of each level of grid nodes according to the grid power carbon emission factor, the electric power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship at regular intervals; The power consumption side electric energy metering and collecting device 50 collects the power consumption of the power users corresponding to the power grid nodes at all levels, generates the corresponding current power consumption value, and provides it to the power indirect carbon emission metering device 70; The indirect electricity carbon emission metering device 70 provides the basic information of the preset nodes electrically connected to the electricity users to the electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60. The electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60 obtains the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor based on the basic information provided by the received indirect electricity carbon emission metering device 70 and the basic information provided by the stored grid-side electric energy metering and collection device 40, and provides it to the indirect electricity carbon emission metering device 70. In this way, the electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60 realizes the unified storage and management of the electricity and carbon emission data produced, transmitted and consumed in the power system, which provides convenience for carbon emission management.

[0029] The indirect carbon emissions metering device 70 calculates the indirect carbon emissions of the power user according to the received current power consumption value and the power carbon emissions sharing factor. In other embodiments, the power generation side power metering and collection device 30, the power grid side power metering and collection device 40, and the power consumption side power metering and collection device 50 can use a high-precision power meter combined with a data collection device to achieve the functions to be completed.

[0030] The carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device 20 includes a carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit 21, a flue gas parameter measurement unit 22, a data acquisition and calculation unit 23, and a data processing unit 24. The carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit 21 is used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration of flue gas during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set by using the infrared principle; the flue gas parameter measurement unit 22 is used to measure the pressure, flow rate, temperature and humidity of the flue gas during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set; the data acquisition and calculation unit 23 is used to collect the concentration data of the carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit and the pressure, flow rate, temperature and humidity measurement data of the flue gas, and calculate the flue gas flow rate and the carbon dioxide emissions within a certain period of time based on the basic data; the data processing unit 24 is used to perform data query, data display, and data printing on the calculated flue gas flow rate and the carbon dioxide emissions within a certain period of time.

[0031] Furthermore, the electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device 60 includes: a receiving unit 61, an on-grid electric power carbon emission factor calculation unit 62, an electric power transmission total amount calculation unit 63, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment amount calculation unit 64, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount calculation unit 65, an electric power carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit 66, and a transmission unit 67; The receiving unit 61 receives the power generation carbon dioxide emissions, power generation data and basic information of the power plant, and also receives the power transmission quantity and basic information of the nodes corresponding to the collected power transmission quantity provided by the grid-side power metering and collection device 40, and also receives the basic information of the preset nodes electrically connected to the power user provided by the power indirect carbon emissions metering device 70; The on-grid power carbon emission factor calculation unit 62 calculates and measures the on-grid power carbon emission factors of various types of power plants on the power generation side according to the power generation carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data; The power transmission amount calculation unit 63 adds the power transmission amounts of nodes at the same level according to the power transmission amount and basic information provided by the power grid side electric energy metering and collection device 40 to obtain the total power transmission amount of the power grid nodes at that level; The carbon dioxide emission apportionment calculation unit 64 calculates the carbon dioxide emission apportionment of the power plant to the grid node at the level according to the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected power of each power plant and the power transmission amount of the power plant output to the grid node at the level; The carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount calculation unit 65 accumulates the carbon dioxide emission apportionment amounts in the grid nodes of the level to obtain the carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount; The power carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit 66 calculates the power carbon emission apportionment factor of the power grid node at this level according to the total power transmission amount and the total carbon dioxide emission apportionment amount of the power grid node at this level at a regular basis; The transmission unit 67 obtains the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor based on the basic information provided by the received electricity indirect carbon emission metering device and the basic information provided by the stored grid-side electric energy metering and collection device, and provides the obtained electricity carbon emission apportionment factor to the electricity indirect carbon emission metering device 70.

[0032] Although the above describes an illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiment. As long as various changes are within the scope of the spirit and limitations of the claims attached to the present invention, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concepts of the present invention are protected.

Claims

1. A method for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emissions from electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emissions flow, comprising the following steps: Step 100: On the power generation side, collect power generation carbon dioxide emissions and various types of power generation data, and calculate and measure the grid-connected power carbon emission factors of various types of power plants on the power generation side based on the power generation carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data; Step 200, on the grid side, the power transmission amount of each node is collected, and finally based on the grid topology and power carbon emission flow theory, the power carbon emission factor of the grid nodes at all levels is calculated according to the grid carbon emission factor, the power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship; Step 300, on the electricity consumption side, the electricity consumption of the power users corresponding to the grid nodes at each level is collected, and the indirect carbon emissions of the power users are calculated based on the electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of each grid node and the collected electricity consumption of the power users corresponding to the grid node.

2. The method for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emissions from electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of carbon emissions from electricity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 100 is specifically as follows: on the power generation side, the carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring system is used to measure the carbon emissions of the power generation unit, and the power generation of the unit is measured using a high-precision smart electricity meter, so as to calculate the carbon emission intensity per unit of power generation, which is the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected electricity. There is no relevant electricity carbon emission for new energy power plants such as photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower.

3. The method for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emissions from electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emissions flow according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 200 specifically includes: setting an electric energy metering device at each node on the power grid side, and using the electric energy metering device to collect the power transmission amount of each node; Adding the power transmission amounts of nodes at the same level to obtain the total power transmission amount of the power grid nodes at that level; Based on the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected electricity of each power plant and the amount of electricity transmitted from the power plant to the grid node at that level, calculate the carbon dioxide emission share of the power plant transmitted to the grid node at that level; Accumulate the carbon dioxide emission apportionment in the power grid at that level to obtain the total carbon dioxide emission apportionment; The electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of the node of the power grid at this level is calculated regularly according to the total amount of power transmission and the total amount of carbon dioxide emission apportionment of the power grid node at this level; The electricity carbon emission apportionment factor of the node of the power grid at this level is provided to the electricity users on the electricity consumption side who are electrically connected to the node of the power grid at this level.

4. The method for measuring and monitoring indirect carbon emissions from electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of carbon emissions from electricity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step 300 specifically includes: on the electricity consumption side, the electricity user electrically connected to the node of the power grid at this level receives the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor; The power users electrically connected to the nodes of the power grid at this level measure the power consumption they use using the power metering device and generate the corresponding current power consumption value; The indirect carbon emissions of electricity users are calculated based on the received electricity carbon emission apportionment factor and the generated current electricity consumption value.

5. A power indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring system based on actual measurement and tracking of power carbon emission flow, characterized in that: include: Carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device, power generation side electric energy metering and collection device, grid side electric energy metering and collection device, power consumption side electric energy metering and collection device, electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device, electric power indirect carbon emission metering device; Carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device is used to measure the carbon emission of coal combustion during the power generation process of thermal power plant generator sets, and provide the carbon emission to the electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device; The power generation side electric energy metering and collection device collects the power generation data of the power plant, and provides the power generation data and power plant information to the electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device; The electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device calculates and measures the carbon emission factors of the on-grid electricity of various types of power plants on the power generation side based on the carbon dioxide emissions and power generation data of power generation; The power grid-side electric energy metering and collection device collects the electric power transmission amount of each node, and provides the collected electric power transmission amount and the basic information of the nodes corresponding to the collected electric power transmission amount to the electric power carbon emission factor sharing calculation device, wherein the basic information includes the identification information of the node and the node level relationship information; the electric power carbon emission factor sharing calculation device stores the basic information, and based on the power grid topology and the theory of electric power carbon emission flow, calculates the electric power carbon emission sharing factor of each level of power grid nodes according to the online power carbon emission factor, the electric power transmission amount of each node and the node level relationship at regular intervals; The electric energy metering and collecting device on the electricity consumption side collects the electric energy consumption of the electric power users corresponding to the grid nodes at all levels, generates the corresponding current electric energy consumption value, and provides it to the electric power indirect carbon emission metering device; The indirect electricity carbon emission metering device provides the basic information of the preset nodes electrically connected to the electricity user to the electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device. The electricity carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device obtains the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor based on the basic information provided by the received indirect electricity carbon emission metering device and the basic information provided by the stored grid-side electric energy metering and collection device, and provides it to the indirect electricity carbon emission metering device; The electricity indirect carbon emissions metering device calculates the electricity user's electricity indirect carbon emissions based on the received current electricity consumption value and the electricity carbon emissions apportionment factor.

6. The indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring system for electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow according to claim 5 is characterized by: The carbon dioxide emission metering and monitoring device includes a carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit, a flue gas parameter measurement unit, a data acquisition and calculation unit, and a data processing unit. The carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit is used to measure the carbon dioxide concentration of the flue gas during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set using the infrared principle; the flue gas parameter measurement unit is used to measure the pressure, flow rate, temperature and humidity of the flue gas during the power generation process of the thermal power plant generator set; the data acquisition and calculation unit is used to collect the concentration data of the carbon dioxide concentration measurement unit and the pressure, flow rate, temperature and humidity measurement data of the flue gas, and calculate the flue gas flow rate and carbon dioxide emissions within a certain period of time based on the basic data; The data processing unit is used for data query, data display and data printing of the measured flue gas flow and carbon dioxide emissions within a certain period of time.

7. The indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring system for electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow according to claim 5 is characterized by: There is no related electricity carbon emissions for new energy power plants such as photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower.

8. The indirect carbon emission measurement and monitoring system for electricity based on actual measurement and tracking of electricity carbon emission flow according to claim 5 is characterized by: The electric power carbon emission factor apportionment calculation device comprises: a receiving unit, an on-grid electric power carbon emission factor calculation unit, an electric power transmission total amount calculation unit, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment amount calculation unit, a carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount calculation unit, an electric power carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit, and a transmission unit; The receiving unit receives the power generation carbon dioxide emissions, power generation data and basic information of the power plant, and also receives the power transmission quantity and basic information of the nodes corresponding to the collected power transmission quantity provided by the power grid side power metering and collection device, and also receives the basic information of the preset nodes electrically connected to the power user provided by the power indirect carbon emissions metering device; The carbon emission factor calculation unit of the on-grid electricity obtains the carbon emission factor of the on-grid electricity of various types of power plants on the power generation side by calculating and measuring the carbon dioxide emissions of power generation and power generation data; The power transmission quantity calculation unit adds the power transmission quantities of nodes at the same level according to the power transmission quantity and basic information provided by the power grid side electric energy metering and collection device to obtain the total power transmission quantity of the power grid nodes at that level; The carbon dioxide emission apportionment calculation unit calculates the carbon dioxide emission apportionment of the power plant at the grid node at the level according to the carbon emission factor of the grid-connected power of each power plant and the amount of power transmitted from the power plant to the grid node at the level; The carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount calculation unit accumulates the carbon dioxide emission apportionment amounts in the grid nodes at that level to obtain the carbon dioxide emission apportionment total amount; The power carbon emission apportionment factor calculation unit periodically calculates the power carbon emission apportionment factor of the power grid node at this level according to the total power transmission amount and the total carbon dioxide emission apportionment amount of the power grid node at this level; The transmission unit obtains the corresponding electricity carbon emission apportionment factor based on the basic information provided by the received electricity indirect carbon emission metering device and the basic information provided by the stored grid-side electric energy metering and collection device, and provides the obtained electricity carbon emission apportionment factor to the electricity indirect carbon emission metering device.

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