Ecological protection effect evaluation method and system for power transmission and transformation project

Abstract

The invention discloses a power transmission and transformation project ecological protection effect evaluation method and system, and mainly relates to the technical field of power transmission and transformation project ecological protection. Comprising the following steps: monitoring a power transmission and transformation project occupied area and a surrounding area ecological system, and determining an evaluation range of ecological environment influence; performing data acquisition on the ecological system in the determined evaluation range; performing remote sensing translation on the collected source data, and performing interpretation analysis on land utilization classification of a reference year and a target year; screening the ecological service value brought by environmental water conservation measures by adopting a principal component analysis method; obtaining a power transmission and transformation construction base period year and construction target year evaluation range total ESV distribution diagram; and calculating the ecological service values of the power transmission and transformation construction base period year and the construction target year. The method has the advantages that the ecological protection effect of the power transmission and transformation project environmental protection water conservation measures can be objectively and comprehensively evaluated, and help is provided for selecting the environmental protection water conservation measures with the optimal maximum value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection of power transmission and transformation projects, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological protection of power transmission and transformation projects. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, countries are actively promoting the construction and upgrading of power grids, especially the construction of power transmission and transformation projects. The construction and operation of power grid projects have brought about a series of ecological and environmental impacts such as land destruction, water resource pollution, and ecosystem destruction.

[0003] At present, the research on environmental protection and water conservation measures for power transmission and transformation projects mainly focuses on the specific technical methods and application effects of environmental protection and water conservation measures. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN116630756A provides a method for monitoring and evaluating soil and water conservation risks of power transmission lines integrated with satellite remote sensing. The invention uses a text intelligent recognition method to identify the environmental protection and water conservation planning text to obtain key information on soil and water conservation. These studies often lack systematic and comprehensive considerations, and have not formed a complete evaluation system to evaluate the ecological protection effectiveness of environmental protection and water conservation measures. In particular, they have not paid attention to the indirect ecological service values ​​brought about by the implementation of environmental protection and water conservation measures, including water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and landscape aesthetics, in addition to the soil and water conservation function. Based on this, this patent proposes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental protection and water conservation measures based on ecological service value accounting, which objectively and comprehensively evaluates the ecological protection effectiveness of environmental protection and water conservation measures for power transmission and transformation projects, and can be used to evaluate and compare the ecological protection effectiveness brought about by the implementation of different environmental protection and water conservation measures for power transmission and transformation projects, so as to select the optimal environmental protection and water conservation measures with the maximum value. It also helps to optimize the power grid construction plan and reduce the negative impact on the ecological environment.

[0004] Therefore, an ecological protection effectiveness evaluation method and system for power transmission and transformation projects based on ecological service value accounting after improved adjustment factors are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects, which can achieve an objective and comprehensive evaluation of the ecological protection effectiveness of environmental protection and water conservation measures of power transmission and transformation projects, and provide assistance for selecting the optimal and most valuable environmental and water conservation measures.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] On the one hand, a method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Monitor the land area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding area ecosystem, and determine the scope of the ecological and environmental impact assessment;

[0009] S2: Collect data on the ecosystem within the assessment scope determined in step S1;

[0010] S3: Perform remote sensing translation of the collected source data and interpret and analyze the land use classification of the base year and the target year;

[0011] S4: Principal component analysis was used to screen the ecological service value brought by environmental and water conservation measures;

[0012] S5: Obtain the adjustment coefficient distribution maps of NPP, rainfall, and soil conservation in the base year and target year of construction in areas with and without power transmission and transformation environmental and water conservation measures; use the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to associate the land use type grid map of the power transmission and transformation construction area with the screened power transmission and transformation project EVS table to obtain the ESV spatial distribution map before adjustment;

[0013] S6: Based on the ESV spatial distribution map obtained in S5, the total ESV distribution map of the evaluation scope of the base year and the target year of construction for power transmission and transformation is obtained respectively;

[0014] S7: The land use types in the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction interpreted by remote sensing are multiplied by the ESV within the evaluation range of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction, and the ecological service values ​​of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction are calculated.

[0015] Preferably, the step S1 specifically comprises: using remote sensing interpretation and drone technology to investigate the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding area ecosystem, and defining the evaluation scope according to the ecological and environmental impact assessment scope.

[0016] Preferably, step S2 specifically comprises: using remote sensing interpretation and UAV technology to investigate the ecological system of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding areas, taking the native ecosystem, the environmental and water conservation measures after the power transmission and transformation project construction disturbance, and the environmental and water conservation measures after the power transmission and transformation project construction disturbance as controls, respectively obtaining remote sensing images of the base year and the target year, NPP, rainfall, soil loss rate per unit rainfall erosion index, slope, slope length, vegetation coverage, and data information on the layout of soil and water conservation measures.

[0017] Preferably, the step S4 is specifically:

[0018] The principal component analysis method was used to screen the ecological service value brought by the implementation of environmental and water conservation measures, and six service functions including maintaining nutrient cycle, biodiversity, soil conservation, water resource supply, hydrological supply and aesthetic landscape were selected as the ecological service functions for evaluating environmental and water conservation measures for power transmission and transformation;

[0019] The ecosystem service value equivalent factor is adjusted at the cell scale according to the status of NPP, rainfall, and soil conservation in the evaluation range;

[0020] The three functions of maintaining nutrient cycle, biodiversity and aesthetic landscape are regulated according to the NPP correction factor; the two functions of water resource supply and hydrological supply service are regulated according to the rainfall correction factor;

[0021] Adjust soil conservation service functions according to soil conservation correction factors.

[0022] Preferably, the calculation method of the NPP correction factor is as follows:

[0023] The formula for adjustment using the NPP value is as follows:

[0024] N ij =B ij / B j

[0025] Where: N ij represents the NPP adjustment coefficient of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem in the i-th region in the j-th year, B ij It represents the NPP of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem in the i-th region in the j-th year, B j represents the national average NPP in year j;

[0026] Using GIS software, we can get the average value of NPP in China. j ; Then use GIS to extract and analyze the area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem NPPB ij .

[0027] Preferably, the calculation method of the rainfall correction factor is as follows:

[0028] The formula for adjustment using rainfall is as follows:

[0029] R ij =C ij / C j

[0030] Where: R ij represents the rainfall regulation coefficient of the jth year in the i-th region of the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem, C ij represents the annual rainfall in the jth year in the i-th area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem, C j represents the national average annual rainfall in year j;

[0031] Obtain rainfall information and site location information, use GIS software to associate rainfall with site files, and use the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to interpolate site rainfall data to obtain the annual rainfall distribution map C of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem ij ; Get the national average annual rainfall C j.

[0032] Preferably, the soil conservation correction factor is calculated as follows:

[0033] The formula for soil conservation adjustment coefficient is as follows:

[0034] S ij =E ij / E j

[0035] Where: S ij E represents the soil conservation correction coefficient of the i-th area in the j-th year of the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem. ij E represents the soil conservation amount in the jth year in the i-th area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem. j represents the national average soil conservation per unit area in year j;

[0036] The soil conservation amount is simulated by the general soil loss equation, and its calculation formula is:

[0037] A=R×K×L×S×(1-C×P)

[0038] Where: A is the soil conservation amount, and the corresponding meanings and calculation methods of R, K, L, S, C, and P are as follows:

[0039] R: Rainfall erosivity factor, which is a unit rainfall erosion index, reflects the potential ability of rainfall to cause soil loss. The R factor is calculated based on the average monthly rainfall. The calculation formula is:

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Where: p is the average annual rainfall, p i is the average rainfall in the ith month, R is the multi-year average rainfall erosivity, α and β are model parameters, and the size of the F index is related to the seasonal distribution of the annual average rainfall p;

[0043] K: Soil erodibility factor, which is an indicator to measure soil erosion resistance, reflects the sensitivity of rainfall to erosion, and is the soil loss rate per unit rainfall erosion index in a standard plot;

[0044] L: slope length factor, defined as a power function of slope length;

[0045] S: slope factor. Since L and S factors often affect soil loss, LS is called terrain factor to show their comprehensive effect. LS data is obtained from the digital elevation model.

[0046] C: Vegetation cover and management factor, which is equal to the ratio of soil loss on a specific vegetation and management plot to soil loss on a standard plot when other conditions are the same;

[0047] P: Soil and water conservation measures factor, which is equal to the ratio of soil loss after soil and water conservation measures such as contour farming, contour strip planting, or ridge and terrace repair to soil loss in the standard plot when other conditions are the same.

[0048] On the other hand, a system for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects is provided to implement any of the above methods.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0050] In addition to achieving basic functions such as soil and water conservation, vegetation restoration measures in environmental and water conservation measures also play a variety of comprehensive ecological service values ​​such as hydrological regulation and soil nutrient circulation. At present, research on environmental and water conservation measures lacks comprehensive considerations, and has not formed a complete evaluation system to evaluate the ecological protection effectiveness of environmental and water conservation measures. In particular, there is no attention to the indirect ecological service values ​​brought about by the implementation of environmental and water conservation measures, including water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and landscape aesthetics, in addition to soil and water conservation functions. This patent proposes an evaluation method for the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects based on the calculation of ecological service value after improved adjustment factors. Based on the core foundation of ecological service value equivalent factors, combined with the interpretation of remote sensing technology and drone technology, it can quickly and comprehensively process large amounts of data, objectively and comprehensively evaluate the ecological protection effectiveness of environmental and water conservation measures for power transmission and transformation projects, and provide assistance for selecting the optimal and most valuable environmental and water conservation measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the application equally.

[0053] In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are relational words determined only for the convenience of describing the structural relationships of the various parts or elements of the present invention, and do not specifically refer to any part or element in the present invention and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0054] In the present invention, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it can be fixedly connected, integrally connected or detachably connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Relevant scientific research or technical personnel in this field can determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances, and they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0055] Example:

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of a power transmission and transformation project, comprising the following steps:

[0057] 1. Defining the scope of assessment: Use remote sensing interpretation and UAV technology to investigate the area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding area ecosystem, and refer to the scope of ecological environmental impact assessment in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Power Transmission and Transformation to define the scope of assessment.

[0058] 2. Data acquisition: Remote sensing interpretation and UAV technology are used to investigate the ecological system of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding areas. The original ecosystem, the area without environmental and water conservation measures after the power transmission and transformation project is disturbed, and the area with environmental and water conservation measures after the power transmission and transformation project is disturbed are used as controls. The remote sensing images of the base year and the target year, NPP, rainfall, soil loss rate per unit rainfall erosion index, slope, slope length, vegetation coverage, and the layout of soil and water conservation measures are obtained respectively.

[0059] 3. Conduct remote sensing interpretation of the acquired source data, and interpret and analyze the land use classification of the base year and the target year.

[0060] 4. The area of ​​power transmission and transformation projects is relatively small, and the services they can provide, such as food supply and raw material production, are relatively small. The principal component analysis method is used to screen the ecological service value brought about by the implementation of environmental and water conservation measures. As shown in Table 1, six service functions, including maintaining nutrient cycle, biodiversity, soil conservation, water resources supply, hydrological supply and aesthetic landscape, are selected as the ecological service functions for evaluating power transmission and transformation environmental and water conservation measures; the ecosystem service value (ESV) equivalent factor is adjusted at the cell scale according to the conditions of NPP, rainfall and soil conservation in the evaluation range.

[0061] Table 1 Ecological service value table

[0062]

[0063] The three functions of maintaining nutrient cycle, biodiversity and aesthetic landscape are regulated according to the NPP correction factor; the two functions of water resource supply and hydrological supply service are regulated according to the rainfall correction factor; and the soil conservation service function is regulated according to the soil conservation correction factor.

[0064] (1) Calculation method of NPP adjustment factor

[0065] Net primary productivity of vegetation reflects the amount and density of vegetation covering the ground and is an important parameter for measuring the health of an ecosystem. The formula for adjusting using the NPP value is as follows:

[0066] N ij =B ij / B j

[0067] Where: N ij represents the NPP adjustment coefficient of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem in the i-th region in the j-th year, B ij It represents the NPP of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem in the i-th region in the j-th year, B j represents the national average NPP in year j.

[0068] Using GIS software, we can get the average value of NPP in China. j ; Then use GIS to extract and analyze the area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem NPPB ij .

[0069] (2) Calculation method of rainfall adjustment factor

[0070] Annual precipitation is an important indicator besides climate type, and isohyet is often used to divide various dry and wet areas. The formula for adjustment using precipitation is as follows:

[0071] R ij =C ij / C j

[0072] Where: R ij represents the rainfall regulation coefficient of the jth year in the i-th region of the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem, C ij represents the annual rainfall in the jth year in the i-th area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem, C j represents the national average annual rainfall in year j.

[0073] Obtain rainfall information (unit: 0.01mm) and site location information (including altitude, longitude, and latitude) from the meteorological station, and use GIS software to associate rainfall with site files. Use the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to interpolate site rainfall data and obtain the annual rainfall distribution map C of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem ij ; The national average annual rainfall C is obtained from the China Water Resources Bulletin j .

[0074] (3) Calculation method of soil conservation adjustment factor

[0075] Soil conservation is the difference between the potential soil erosion and the actual soil erosion. Soil conservation determines the amount of nutrients, thus affecting the growth of vegetation, etc. The formula for the soil conservation adjustment coefficient is as follows:

[0076] S ij =E ij / E j

[0077] Where: S ij E represents the soil conservation correction coefficient of the i-th area in the j-th year of the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem. ij E represents the soil conservation amount in the jth year in the i-th area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem. j It represents the national average soil conservation per unit area in the jth year.

[0078] The soil conservation amount is simulated by the universal soil loss equation (USLE), and its calculation formula is:

[0079] A=R×K×L×S×(1-C×P)

[0080] Where: A is the soil conservation amount, and the corresponding meanings and calculation methods of R, K, L, S, C, and P are as follows:

[0081] R: Rainfall erosivity factor, which is a unit rainfall erosion index, reflects the potential ability of rainfall to cause soil loss. The R factor is calculated based on the average monthly rainfall, and the calculation formula is:

[0082]

[0083] Where: p is the average annual rainfall (mm), p i is the average rainfall in the ith month (mm); R is the multi-year average rainfall erosivity (MJ.mm.hm-2.h-11a-1); α and β are model parameters; the size of the F index (mm) is related to the seasonal distribution of the annual average rainfall p.

[0084] K: Soil erodibility factor is an indicator to measure soil erosion resistance, reflecting the sensitivity of rainfall to erosion, and the soil loss rate per unit rainfall erosion index in a standard plot.

[0085] L: slope length factor, defined as a power function of slope length;

[0086] S: Slope factor. Since L and S factors often affect soil loss, LS is called terrain factor to show its comprehensive effect. LS data is obtained from the digital elevation model.

[0087] C: Vegetation cover and management factor, which is equal to the ratio of soil loss on a specific vegetation and management plot to soil loss on a standard plot when other conditions are the same.

[0088] P: Soil and water conservation measures factor, which is equal to the ratio of soil loss after soil and water conservation measures such as contour farming, contour strip planting, or ridge and terrace repair to soil loss in the standard plot when other conditions are the same.

[0089] 5. Using the GIS raster calculator, we obtained the distribution maps of the adjustment coefficients of NPP, rainfall, and soil conservation in the base year and target year of construction in areas with and without power transmission and transformation environmental and water conservation measures. We used the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to correlate the land use type raster map of the power transmission and transformation construction area with the screened power transmission and transformation project EVS table to obtain the ESV spatial distribution map before adjustment.

[0090] 6. Based on this distribution map, multiply the NPP, rainfall, and soil conservation adjustment coefficient grid maps of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction respectively to obtain the adjusted service function ESV grid map, and then use GIS to calculate the ESV value of each service function after adjustment. Superimpose the 6 service function ESV grids to obtain the total ESV distribution map of the evaluation range of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction.

[0091] 7. The land use types in the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction after remote sensing interpretation are multiplied by the ESV within the evaluation range of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction, and the ecological service values ​​in the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction are calculated.

[0092] This embodiment also provides a system for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological protection of power transmission and transformation projects, which is used to implement any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological protection of power transmission and transformation projects, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Monitor the land area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding area ecosystem, and determine the scope of the ecological and environmental impact assessment; S2: Collect data on the ecosystem within the assessment scope determined in step S1; S3: Perform remote sensing translation of the collected source data and interpret and analyze the land use classification of the base year and the target year; S4: Principal component analysis was used to screen the ecological service value brought by environmental and water conservation measures; S5: Obtain the adjustment coefficient distribution maps of NPP, rainfall, and soil conservation in the base year and target year of construction in areas with and without power transmission and transformation environmental and water conservation measures; use the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to associate the land use type grid map of the power transmission and transformation construction area with the screened power transmission and transformation project EVS table to obtain the ESV spatial distribution map before adjustment; S6: Based on the ESV spatial distribution map obtained in S5, the total ESV distribution map of the evaluation scope of the base year and the target year of construction for power transmission and transformation is obtained respectively; S7: The land use types in the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction interpreted by remote sensing are multiplied by the ESV within the evaluation range of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction, and the ecological service values ​​of the base year and target year of power transmission and transformation construction are calculated.

2. According to claim 1, a method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects is characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: using remote sensing interpretation and drone technology to investigate the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding area ecosystem, and defining the evaluation scope according to the ecological and environmental impact assessment scope.

3. The method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S2 is specifically as follows: using remote sensing interpretation and UAV technology to investigate the ecological system of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding areas, taking the native ecosystem, the environmental and water conservation measures after the power transmission and transformation project construction disturbance, and the environmental and water conservation measures after the power transmission and transformation project construction disturbance as controls, respectively obtaining remote sensing images of the base year and the target year, NPP, rainfall, soil loss rate per unit rainfall erosion index, slope, slope length, vegetation coverage, and data information on the layout of soil and water conservation measures.

4. The method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S4 is specifically: The principal component analysis method was used to screen the ecological service value brought by the implementation of environmental and water conservation measures, and six service functions including maintaining nutrient cycle, biodiversity, soil conservation, water resource supply, hydrological supply and aesthetic landscape were selected as the ecological service functions for evaluating environmental and water conservation measures for power transmission and transformation; The ecosystem service value equivalent factor is adjusted at the cell scale according to the status of NPP, rainfall, and soil conservation in the evaluation range; The three functions of maintaining nutrient cycle, biodiversity and aesthetic landscape are regulated according to the NPP correction factor; the two functions of water resource supply and hydrological supply service are regulated according to the rainfall correction factor; Adjust soil conservation service functions according to soil conservation correction factors.

5. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological protection of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The NPP correction factor is calculated as follows: The formula for adjustment using the NPP value is as follows: N ij =B ij / B j Where: N ij represents the NPP adjustment coefficient of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem in the i-th region in the j-th year, B ij It represents the NPP of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem in the i-th region in the j-th year, B j represents the national average NPP in year j; Using GIS software, we can get the average value of NPP in China. j ; Then use GIS to extract and analyze the area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem NPPB ij .

6. The method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The calculation method of the rainfall correction factor is as follows: The formula for adjustment using rainfall is as follows: R ij =C ij / C j Where: R ij represents the rainfall regulation coefficient of the jth year in the i-th region of the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem, C ij represents the annual rainfall in the jth year in the i-th area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem, C j represents the national average annual rainfall in year j; Obtain rainfall information and site location information, use GIS software to associate rainfall with site files, and use the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to interpolate site rainfall data to obtain the annual rainfall distribution map C of the area occupied by the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem ij ; Get the national average annual rainfall C j .

7. The method for evaluating the ecological protection effectiveness of power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The calculation method of the soil conservation correction factor is as follows: The formula for soil conservation adjustment coefficient is as follows: S ij =E ij / E j Where: S ij E represents the soil conservation correction coefficient of the i-th area in the j-th year of the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem. ij E represents the soil conservation amount in the jth year in the i-th area of ​​the power transmission and transformation project and the surrounding ecosystem. j represents the national average soil conservation per unit area in year j; The soil conservation amount is simulated by the general soil loss equation, and its calculation formula is: A=R×K×L×S×(1-C×P) Where: A is the soil conservation amount, and the corresponding meanings and calculation methods of R, K, L, S, C, and P are as follows: R: Rainfall erosivity factor, which is a unit rainfall erosion index, reflects the potential ability of rainfall to cause soil loss. The R factor is calculated based on the average monthly rainfall. The calculation formula is: Where: p is the average annual rainfall, p i is the average rainfall in the ith month, R is the multi-year average rainfall erosivity, α and β are model parameters, and the size of the F index is related to the seasonal distribution of the annual average rainfall p; K: Soil erodibility factor, which is an indicator to measure soil erosion resistance, reflects the sensitivity of rainfall to erosion, and is the soil loss rate per unit rainfall erosion index in a standard plot; L: slope length factor, defined as a power function of slope length; S: slope factor. Since L and S factors often affect soil loss, LS is called terrain factor to show their comprehensive effect. LS data is obtained from the digital elevation model. C: Vegetation cover and management factor, which is equal to the ratio of soil loss on a specific vegetation and management plot to soil loss on a standard plot when other conditions are the same; P: Soil and water conservation measures factor, which is equal to the ratio of soil loss after soil and water conservation measures such as contour farming, contour strip planting, or ridge and terrace repair to soil loss in the standard plot when other conditions are the same.

8. A power transmission and transformation project ecological protection effectiveness evaluation system, characterized in that: Used to implement any one of the methods in claims 1 to 7.

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