A wideband low-loss phase shifter based on hybrid quadrature generator structure

Abstract

The application provides a wideband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure and relates to the technical field of phase shifters. The output end of a first-order II-type PPF quadrature generator of the phase shifter is connected with the input end of a second-order Hybrid quadrature generator, and the output end of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator is connected with the input end of a digital control vector synthesis adder. The first differential signal input into the hybrid quadrature generator can compensate the amplitude characteristic of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator through the first-order II-type PPF quadrature generator, so as to output an ultra-wideband, amplitude-phase balanced quadrature signal. The digital control vector synthesis adder can perform vector synthesis on the input quadrature signal, and each second differential signal is an equal-amplitude signal with a 180-degree phase difference. The above generator can effectively reduce the insertion loss of the phase shifter, so that the output signal has the advantages of ultra-wideband, high precision and low error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of phase shifter technology, and more specifically, to a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure. Background Technology

[0002] In modern radar and wireless communication systems, phased array technology plays a crucial role. The phase shifter, as a key component in phased array systems for signal phase modulation, needs to possess excellent performance characteristics such as wide bandwidth, low loss, high precision, and low error to ensure signal quality and reliability. It plays a vital role in signal transmission. Among these components, the quadrature generator, as a key module for generating quadrature signals, directly impacts the phase shifter's bandwidth, loss, and error.

[0003] Existing phase shifters' quadrature signal generation modules only use polyphase filter (PPF) structure quadrature generators (including Type I and Type II) or only use hybrid structure quadrature generators. Phase shifters using only Type I PPF structure quadrature generators suffer from poor amplitude characteristics; quadrature signals generated using only Type II PPF structure quadrature generators suffer from poor phase characteristics. Both types of PPF quadrature generators require high-order configurations under broadband conditions, resulting in high losses. Hybrid structure quadrature generators also suffer from large amplitude errors under broadband conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this specification is to provide a broadband, low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure, which can overcome the above-mentioned defects of existing phase shifters.

[0005] The embodiments described in this specification are implemented as follows:

[0006] A broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure includes a 1-to-2 power divider, a hybrid quadrature generator, a digitally controlled vector synthesis adder, and a 2-to-1 power combiner connected in sequence.

[0007] The hybrid quadrature generator is formed by combining a first-order Type II PPF quadrature generator and a second-order Hybrid quadrature generator. The input terminal of the first-order Type II PPF quadrature generator is connected to the one-to-two power divider, the output terminal of the first-order Type II PPF quadrature generator is connected to the input terminal of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator, and the output terminal of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator is connected to the input terminal of the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder.

[0008] The 1-to-2 power divider can convert the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal;

[0009] The first differential signal input to the hybrid quadrature generator can be used by the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator to perform amplitude compensation on the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator to output a quadrature signal.

[0010] The digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder can input the quadrature signal to output the second differential signal, and each of the second differential signals is an equal-amplitude signal with a specific phase difference; the two-in-one power combiner can synthesize the input second differential signals into one output signal.

[0011] The embodiments described in this specification have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0012] Compared with the prior art, this broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure consists of a cascaded first-order type II PPF quadrature generator and a second-order hybrid quadrature generator. The first-order type II PPF quadrature generator compensates for the amplitude characteristics of the second-order hybrid quadrature generator, and the second-order hybrid quadrature generator compensates for the phase characteristics of the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator. The hybrid quadrature generator can effectively reduce the insertion loss of the phase shifter, giving the output signal of the broadband low-loss phase shifter the advantages of ultra-wideband, high precision, and low error. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this specification and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure provided in this specification.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hybrid orthogonal generator provided in this specification.

[0016] Icons: 1. One-to-two power divider; 2. First-order Type II PPF quadrature generator; 3. Second-order Hybrid quadrature generator; 4. Digitally controlled vector synthesis adder; 5. Two-in-one power combiner. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments in this specification clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of this specification described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed specification, but merely represents selected embodiments of the specification. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this specification without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0019] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments in this specification, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationships commonly used when the product is in use. These are used only for the convenience of describing this specification and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this specification. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "suspended" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments in this specification, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this specification according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment of this specification provides a broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure, which mainly includes a one-to-two power divider 1, a hybrid quadrature generator, a digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4, and a two-to-one power combiner 5 connected in sequence.

[0024] The hybrid quadrature generator is formed by the cooperation of a first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 and a second-order Hybrid quadrature generator 3. The input terminal of the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 is connected to the one-to-two power divider 1, the output terminal of the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 is connected to the input terminal of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator 3, and the output terminal of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator 3 is connected to the input terminal of the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4.

[0025] The 1-to-2 power divider 1 can convert the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal;

[0026] The first differential signal input to the hybrid quadrature generator can be used by the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 to perform amplitude characteristic compensation on the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator 3 to output a quadrature signal.

[0027] The digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4 can input the quadrature signal to output the second differential signal, and each of the second differential signals is an equal-amplitude signal with a specific phase difference; the two-in-one power combiner 5 can combine the input second differential signals into one output signal.

[0028] Specifically, the aforementioned broadband low-loss phase shifter is configured as a hybrid quadrature generator by cascading a first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 and a second-order hybrid quadrature generator 3. The first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 compensates for the amplitude characteristics of the second-order hybrid quadrature generator 3, and the second-order hybrid quadrature generator 3 compensates for the phase characteristics of the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2. This results in the output signal of the aforementioned broadband low-loss phase shifter having the advantages of ultra-wideband, high precision, and low error. At the same time, the aforementioned hybrid quadrature generator can effectively reduce the transmission loss of the aforementioned phase shifter.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 is composed of multiple resistor-capacitor units connected in parallel; the resistor-capacitor unit is composed of a first resistor and a first capacitor connected in parallel.

[0030] In this embodiment, the first differential signal is two-way, and the phase difference between the two first differential signals is 180°. The number of resistor-capacitor units is four. Two adjacent resistor-capacitor units can input one first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°. In addition, two adjacent resistor-capacitor units can input another first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°.

[0031] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned 1-to-2 power divider 1 can convert the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal with the same amplitude and a phase of 0° and 180°.

[0032] In this embodiment, the aforementioned 1-to-2 power divider 1 adopts a transformer balun structure, which can achieve a low-error first differential signal output under the current bandwidth by means of transformer coupling and by adjusting the number of turns of the transformer coil.

[0033] In this embodiment, the resistor-capacitor unit can convert the first differential signal with a phase of 0° into two sets of equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°, namely, equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase of 0° and equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase of 90°, and can convert the first differential signal with a phase of 180° into equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase of 180° and equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase of 270°.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1, the first resistor R2 and the first capacitor C2, the first resistor R3 and the first capacitor C3, and the first resistor R4 and the first capacitor C4 are connected in parallel to form four of the above-mentioned resistor-capacitor units.

[0035] In this embodiment, the second-order Hybrid Quadrature Generator 3 includes cascaded multi-stage Hybrid Quadrature Generators. Each stage of the Hybrid Quadrature Generator includes four sets of parallel Hybrid Coupler unit structures. These four sets of Hybrid Coupler unit structures can respectively input the equal-amplitude quadrature signal to output four ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signals with a phase difference of 90°. In this embodiment, by cascading the second-order Hybrid Quadrature Generator 3 after the first-order Type II PPF Quadrature Generator 2, the insertion loss of the phase shifter can be effectively reduced, while simultaneously expanding the bandwidth. This results in the phase shifter's output signal having the advantages of wide bandwidth and low error.

[0036] In this embodiment, the two input terminals of the 1-to-2 power divider 1 are respectively connected to the two input terminals of the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2. The four output terminals of the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator 2 are respectively connected to the four input terminals of the Hybrid quadrature generator. The four output terminals of the Hybrid quadrature generator are respectively connected to the four input terminals of the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4. The two output terminals of the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4 are connected to the two input terminals of the two-in-one power combiner 5. The output terminal of the two-in-one power combiner 5 serves as the signal output terminal.

[0037] In this embodiment, the hybrid coupler unit structure consists of a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, and a third capacitor. The first inductor is coupled to the second inductor. The second capacitor is disposed between the positive terminal of the first inductor and the negative terminal of the second inductor, or between the negative terminal of the first inductor and the positive terminal of the second inductor. The third capacitor is disposed between the negative terminal of the first inductor and the positive terminal of the second inductor, or between the positive terminal of the first inductor and the negative terminal of the second inductor.

[0038] In this embodiment, the aforementioned Hybrid coupler unit structure configuration enables phase modulation of the input equal-amplitude quadrature signals, thereby obtaining an output signal with better phase characteristics. In this embodiment, the four resistor-capacitor units are distinguished as a first resistor-capacitor unit, a second resistor-capacitor unit, a third resistor-capacitor unit, and a fourth resistor-capacitor unit. The four sets of Hybrid coupler unit structures in the first-stage Hybrid quadrature generator are distinguished as a first Hybrid coupler unit structure, a second Hybrid coupler unit structure, a third Hybrid coupler unit structure, and a fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure.

[0039] The first resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the second hybrid coupler unit, the second resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the first hybrid coupler unit, the third resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the fourth hybrid coupler unit, and the fourth resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the third hybrid coupler unit.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first hybrid coupler unit structure comprises a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C5, and a third capacitor C6; the second hybrid coupler unit structure comprises a first inductor L3, a second inductor L4, a second capacitor C7, and a third capacitor C8; the third hybrid coupler unit structure comprises a first inductor L5, a second inductor L6, a second capacitor C9, and a third capacitor C10; and the fourth hybrid coupler unit structure comprises a first inductor L7, a second inductor L8, a second capacitor C11, and a third capacitor C12.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the positive terminal of the first inductor L1 is grounded, a second capacitor C5 is provided between the negative terminal of the first inductor L1 and the positive terminal of the second inductor L2, and a third capacitor C6 is provided between the positive terminal of the first inductor L1 and the negative terminal of the second inductor L2. The common terminal connecting the second inductor L2 and the second capacitor C5 is connected to the common terminal of the first resistor R2 and the first capacitor C1.

[0042] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L3 and the second capacitor C7 is connected to the common terminal of the first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C4, and the common terminal of the second inductor L4 and the third capacitor C8 is grounded.

[0043] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L5 and the third capacitor C10 is grounded, and the common terminal of the second inductor L6 and the second capacitor C9 is connected to the common terminal of the first resistor R4 and the first capacitor C3.

[0044] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L7 and the second capacitor C11 is connected to the common terminal of the first resistor R3 and the first capacitor C2, and the common terminal of the second inductor L8 and the third capacitor C12 is grounded.

[0045] In this embodiment, the four sets of Hybrid coupler unit structures of the secondary Hybrid orthogonal generator are distinguished as the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure, the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure, the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure, and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure.

[0046] The first Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively;

[0047] The second Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively;

[0048] The third Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively.

[0049] The fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively.

[0050] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L1 and the second capacitor C5 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L15 and the second capacitor C19 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 180°. The common terminal of the second inductor L2 and the third capacitor C6 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L10 and the second capacitor C13 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 90°.

[0051] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L3 and the third capacitor C8 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L11 and the second capacitor C15 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 0°. The common terminal of the second inductor L4 and the second capacitor C7 is connected to the common terminal of the second capacitor C13 and the second inductor L10 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 90°.

[0052] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L5 and the second capacitor C9 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L11 and the second capacitor C15 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 0°. The common terminal of the second inductor L6 and the third capacitor C10 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L14 and the second capacitor C17 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 270°.

[0053] In this embodiment, the common terminal of the first inductor L7 and the third capacitor C12 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L15 and the second capacitor C19 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 180°. The common terminal of the second inductor L8 and the second capacitor C11 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L14 and the second capacitor C17 to output an ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signal with a phase of 270°.

[0054] In this embodiment, the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180°; the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°; the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°; and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder 4.

[0056] The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4;

[0057] The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4;

[0058] The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4.

[0059] In this embodiment, by setting the inductor and capacitor as described above, different pole positions can be obtained by selecting different inductor and capacitor values, thereby expanding the bandwidth and outputting equal-amplitude quadrature signals with consistent phase to obtain four quadrature signals I+, I-, Q+, and Q- with ultra-wideband, low error, consistent amplitude, and a phase difference of 90°.

[0060] In this embodiment, the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4 synthesizes the four output ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signals into two orthogonal signals with specific phases through the control of digital signals.

[0061] In this embodiment, the four orthogonal signals I+, I-, Q+, and Q- are input to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder 4. The adder uses a combination of adder and digital control to perform vector synthesis of the signals. Specifically, the digital signals are converted into corresponding analog signals to control the adder's synthesis. The adder, controlled by multiple sets of digital signals, obtains signals with consistent phase differences between adjacent phase-shifting states, and thus, under the control of specific digital signals, obtains signals with specific phases. Therefore, by synthesizing the four orthogonal signals through this module, two second differential signals with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 180° can be output. This module, using digital control for vector synthesis of orthogonal signals, features high precision.

[0062] In this embodiment, the two second differential signals with a phase difference of 180° are combined and output through the two-in-one power combiner 5 to achieve the function of outputting a specific phase signal under the control of a specific digital signal, thereby achieving a phase shifting effect.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this specification and are not intended to limit this specification. Various modifications and variations can be made to this specification by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification.

Claims

1. A broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure, characterized in that, It includes a power divider that is connected in sequence, a hybrid quadrature generator, a digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder, and a power combiner that is combined into one; The hybrid quadrature generator is formed by combining a first-order Type II PPF quadrature generator and a second-order Hybrid quadrature generator. The input terminal of the first-order Type II PPF quadrature generator is connected to the one-to-two power divider, the output terminal of the first-order Type II PPF quadrature generator is connected to the input terminal of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator, and the output terminal of the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator is connected to the input terminal of the digitally controlled vector synthesis adder. The 1-to-2 power divider can convert the input single-ended signal into a first differential signal; The first differential signal input to the hybrid quadrature generator can be used by the first-order type II PPF quadrature generator to perform amplitude compensation on the second-order Hybrid quadrature generator to output a quadrature signal. The digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder can input the quadrature signal to output a second differential signal, and each of the second differential signals is a constant amplitude signal with a specific phase difference; the two-in-one power combiner can combine the input second differential signals into a single output signal; The first-order type II PPF quadrature generator is composed of multiple resistor-capacitor units connected in parallel; each resistor-capacitor unit is composed of a first resistor and a first capacitor connected in parallel. The first differential signal consists of two paths, with a phase difference of 180° between the two paths. The number of resistor-capacitor units is four. Two adjacent resistor-capacitor units can input one path of the first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°. Additionally, two adjacent resistor-capacitor units can input another path of the first differential signal to output two equal-amplitude orthogonal signals with a phase difference of 90°. The second-order Hybrid quadrature generator includes two cascaded Hybrid quadrature generators. Each stage of the Hybrid quadrature generator includes four sets of parallel Hybrid coupler unit structures. The four sets of Hybrid coupler unit structures can respectively input the equal-amplitude quadrature signal to output four sets of quadrature signals. Based on the four sets of quadrature signals, four ultra-wideband equal-amplitude quadrature signals with a phase difference of 90° can be output. The hybrid coupler unit structure consists of a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, and a third capacitor. The first inductor is coupled to the second inductor. The second capacitor is disposed between the positive terminal of the first inductor and the negative terminal of the second inductor, or between the negative terminal of the first inductor and the positive terminal of the second inductor. The third capacitor is disposed between the negative terminal of the first inductor and the positive terminal of the second inductor, or between the positive terminal of the first inductor and the negative terminal of the second inductor. The four resistor-capacitor units are distinguished as a first resistor-capacitor unit, a second resistor-capacitor unit, a third resistor-capacitor unit, and a fourth resistor-capacitor unit. The four sets of Hybrid coupler unit structures of the first-stage Hybrid quadrature generator are distinguished as a first Hybrid coupler unit structure, a second Hybrid coupler unit structure, a third Hybrid coupler unit structure, and a fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure. The first resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the second hybrid coupler unit, the second resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the first hybrid coupler unit, the third resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the fourth hybrid coupler unit, and the fourth resistor-capacitor unit is structurally connected to the third hybrid coupler unit.

2. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four Hybrid coupler unit structures of the secondary Hybrid orthogonal generator are distinguished as the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure, the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure, the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure, and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure. The first Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively; The second Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively; The third Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively. The fourth Hybrid coupler unit structure is connected to the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure and the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure, respectively.

3. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fifth Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180°; the sixth Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90°; the seventh Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and a first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°; the eighth Hybrid coupler unit structure can output a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and a second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270°.

4. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 0° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder. The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 90° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder; The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 180° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder; The first ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° and the second ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signal with a phase of 270° are combined and output to the digitally controlled vector synthesizer adder.

5. The broadband low-loss phase shifter based on a hybrid quadrature generator structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The digitally controlled vector synthesis adder combines four ultra-wideband equal-amplitude orthogonal signals into two orthogonal signals with specific phases through the control of digital signals.

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