Single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance test

Abstract

The invention provides a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with an impedance test, which comprises a single cell, a wireless communication module, a main control chip, a cell equalization circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit and an impedance measurement circuit, realizes data transmission through the wireless communication module, keeps cell voltage balance through the cell equalization circuit, and realizes impedance measurement through the impedance measurement circuit. Overlarge current is prevented through the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance of the battery core is monitored in real time through the impedance measurement circuit, so that the problems of complex structure, low integration level, inaccurate monitoring, poor real-time performance, low reliability, high power consumption and the like in the traditional battery monitoring technology are solved; the system has the advantages of simple structure, high integration level, accurate monitoring, strong real-time performance, high reliability and low power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery monitoring technology, and in particular to a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing. Background Art

[0002] Traditional battery module assembly solutions are complex and often rely on a specific module PFC (power factor correction) structure. This structure not only limits the flexibility of module assembly, but also significantly increases costs and system complexity. This makes it difficult to design and optimize the battery system and to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0003] The existing wiring harness structure FPC (flexible printed circuit board) also has serious defects in practical applications. This structure requires a large number of connectors to connect chip ICs, which not only takes up valuable space, but also easily causes reliability problems. For example, communication line short circuits and other faults occur from time to time. Once a short circuit occurs, it will seriously affect the entire signal acquisition function. This causes the battery management system to be unable to accurately obtain battery status information, which in turn affects the normal use and safety of the battery and may even cause safety accidents.

[0004] Although wireless FPCs have solved some of the problems caused by wired connections to a certain extent, they generally lack EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) testing capabilities. This means that it is impossible to accurately evaluate the health status and charge status of the battery cells in real time, and it is difficult to meet the needs of modern battery management for accurate monitoring of the battery cells. The lack of accurate monitoring data makes it difficult for users to accurately grasp the true performance of the battery, which is not conducive to the rational use and maintenance of the battery. At the same time, this also hinders the optimization of the battery system due to the lack of necessary data support.

[0005] In addition, existing technologies also have deficiencies in the real-time and accuracy of battery monitoring. Many systems are unable to respond to changes in battery status in a timely manner, resulting in the inability to take timely protective measures in emergency situations. At the same time, the lack of accuracy in monitoring data also affects the accuracy of the battery management system's decision-making, which may lead to inefficient battery use or shortened battery life.

[0006] The existing technology also has energy consumption issues. Many battery monitoring systems themselves have high power consumption, which not only reduces the overall efficiency of the battery system, but also may affect the battery life. Especially in portable devices, the high power consumption of the monitoring system may significantly shorten the battery life of the device.

[0007] Finally, the existing battery monitoring technology needs to be improved in terms of integration and modularity. Many systems are composed of scattered components, which not only increases the complexity of the system, but also increases the failure rate and maintenance difficulty. The lack of highly integrated and modular design makes it difficult to quickly upgrade and maintain the system and unable to adapt to rapidly changing technical requirements. Summary of the invention

[0008] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing, which has simple structure, high integration, accurate monitoring, strong real-time performance, high reliability and low power consumption.

[0009] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing: comprising a single cell, a wireless communication module, a main control chip, a cell balancing circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, and an impedance measurement circuit; the positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the cell balancing circuit through a first connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the cell balancing circuit through a second connecting wire; the positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the overcurrent protection circuit through a third connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the overcurrent protection circuit through a fourth connecting wire; the positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the impedance measurement circuit through a fifth connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the impedance measurement circuit through a sixth connecting wire; the main control chip is electrically connected to the wireless communication module through a first data signal line, is electrically connected to the cell balancing circuit through a second data signal line, is electrically connected to the overcurrent protection circuit through a third data signal line, and is electrically connected to the impedance measurement circuit through a fourth data signal line.

[0010] Furthermore, the wireless communication module includes an antenna and a communication chip, the antenna is electrically connected to the communication chip through a radio frequency matching circuit, the communication chip is electrically connected to the main control chip through a seventh data signal line, the antenna is used to transmit and receive radio electromagnetic wave signals to achieve wireless data interaction with external devices, and the communication chip is used to modulate the data to be sent and demodulate the received data.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery cell balancing circuit includes multiple balancing resistors and multiple switching elements. After each balancing resistor is connected in series with a corresponding switching element, these series branches are connected in parallel with each other, and the two ends of the whole after parallel connection are respectively connected to the two ends of the single battery cell through a first connecting wire and a second connecting wire; the switching element and the main control chip are electrically connected through a second data signal line. When the main control chip detects that the voltage of the single battery cell is unbalanced, it will send a control signal to the corresponding switching element to close it, and the current will pass through the balancing resistor in the closed branch to realize charge transfer between the battery cells to balance the battery cell voltage.

[0012] Furthermore, the overcurrent protection circuit includes a sampling resistor and a protection switch, the sampling resistor is connected in series on the power supply line of the single battery cell, specifically in series through a third connecting wire and a fourth connecting wire; the protection switch is electrically connected to the sampling resistor and the main control chip, and the protection switch is connected to the main control chip through a third data signal line. When the voltage across the sampling resistor exceeds a preset threshold, the main control chip sends a control signal to the protection switch to disconnect the circuit, thereby protecting the single battery cell and other circuit elements from damage by excessive current.

[0013] Furthermore, the impedance measurement circuit includes an excitation source, a voltage measurement unit, and a current measurement unit; the excitation source is electrically connected to the single battery cell through a fifth connecting wire and a sixth connecting wire, the voltage measurement unit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the single battery cell through an eighth data signal line and to the negative electrode of the single battery cell through a ninth data signal line, and the current measurement unit is connected to the fifth connecting wire through a tenth data signal line and to the sixth connecting wire through an eleventh data signal line; the excitation source applies an AC excitation signal to the single battery cell under the control of the main control chip, the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit respectively collect the voltage across the battery cell and the current signal flowing through the battery cell, and feed them back to the main control chip through the corresponding data signal line, and the main control chip calculates the battery cell impedance based on the collected voltage and current signals.

[0014] Furthermore, the excitation source is a signal generator capable of generating AC signals of different frequencies, and its frequency range is 1kHz-100kHz. The signal generator is electrically connected to the main control chip via the twelfth data signal line, and the main control chip can control the frequency generated by the excitation source via the twelfth data signal line.

[0015] Furthermore, the voltage measurement unit includes a high-precision differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, the two input ends of the high-precision differential amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the battery cell through the eighth data signal line and the ninth data signal line, and the voltage at the two ends of the battery cell is differentially amplified; the input end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the output end of the high-precision differential amplifier, the amplified analog voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, and the digital signal is transmitted to the main control chip for processing through the thirteenth data signal line.

[0016] Furthermore, the current measuring unit includes a current sensor and a signal conditioning circuit, and the current sensor is connected in series on the power supply line of a single battery cell through the tenth data signal line and the eleventh data signal line to measure the current flowing through the battery cell; the input end of the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the current sensor, and the current signal output by the current sensor is conditioned into a signal suitable for processing by the main control chip, and the conditioned signal is transmitted to the main control chip through the fourteenth data signal line.

[0017] Furthermore, the main control chip is a microcontroller, which includes an analog-to-digital conversion module, a storage module, and an operation module; the analog-to-digital conversion module receives and converts analog signals from the battery cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit through the first to fourteenth data signal lines; the storage module is used to store circuit parameters and measurement data, and the operation module is used to process data from the analog-to-digital conversion module, and generate control instructions based on the processing results, and send them to each circuit module through the corresponding data signal lines.

[0018] Furthermore, the first connecting wire, the second connecting wire, the third connecting wire, the fourth connecting wire, the fifth connecting wire, and the sixth connecting wire are all low-impedance metal wires, and their materials may be copper or silver, so as to ensure accuracy and low loss of signal transmission.

[0019] Furthermore, the circuit also includes a power management circuit, which obtains electrical energy by being electrically connected to the single battery cell through the fifteenth data signal line, and is electrically connected to the main control chip through the sixteenth data signal line, so as to provide a stable operating voltage for the entire monitoring circuit. The power management circuit includes a voltage stabilizing chip and a filter capacitor, which are used to convert the voltage provided by the single battery cell into a stable voltage required by each circuit module.

[0020] Furthermore, the main control chip receives control instructions sent by an external device through a wireless communication module, and the external device sends control instructions to the antenna through radio electromagnetic waves. After the antenna transmits the signal to the communication chip for demodulation, the control instruction is transmitted to the main control chip through the seventh data signal line; the main control chip controls the state of the switching element of the battery cell balancing circuit through the second data signal line, controls the state of the protection switch of the overcurrent protection circuit through the third data signal line, and controls the working state and parameters of the excitation source, voltage measurement unit and current measurement unit of the impedance measurement circuit through the fourth data signal line according to the received instructions.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present application provides a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing, including a single cell, a wireless communication module, a main control chip, a cell balancing circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, and an impedance measurement circuit. Data transmission is achieved through the wireless communication module, the cell voltage balance is maintained through the cell balancing circuit, excessive current is prevented through the overcurrent protection circuit, and the cell impedance is monitored in real time through the impedance measurement circuit, thereby solving the problems of complex structure, low integration, inaccurate monitoring, poor real-time performance, low reliability, and high power consumption existing in traditional battery monitoring technology. It has the advantages of simple structure, high integration, accurate monitoring, strong real-time performance, high reliability, and low power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1It is a system block diagram of a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an impedance testing module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] 1. Wireless communication module; 2. Main control chip; 3. Overcurrent protection circuit; 4. Cell balancing circuit; 5. Impedance measurement circuit; 6. Single cell; 51. Excitation source; 52. Voltage measurement unit; 53. Current measurement unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0030] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention provides a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing, which includes a wireless communication module 1, a main control chip 2, a cell balancing circuit 33, an overcurrent protection circuit 4, an impedance measurement circuit 5 and a single cell 6.

[0031] The positive and negative electrodes of a single cell are connected to the corresponding input terminals of the cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit through different connecting wires. The main control chip is electrically connected to the wireless communication module, the cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit through different data signal lines.

[0032] In the field of battery technology, with the continuous improvement of battery performance and safety requirements, the demand for battery monitoring circuits is also growing. The traditional battery module assembly scheme is complex and often needs to rely on a specific module PFC structure, which not only limits the flexibility of the assembly, but also increases the cost and system complexity. The existing wiring harness structure FPC has many defects in practical applications. For example, it requires a large number of connectors to connect the chip IC. These connectors not only take up space, but are also prone to reliability problems, such as communication line short circuit and other faults. Once a short circuit occurs, it will seriously affect the entire signal acquisition function, resulting in the battery management system unable to accurately obtain battery status information, thereby affecting the normal use and safety of the battery. At the same time, although the existing wireless FPC has solved some of the problems caused by wired connections to a certain extent, it generally lacks EIS test functions, cannot accurately evaluate the health status and power status of the battery cell in real time, and is difficult to meet the needs of modern battery management for accurate monitoring of the battery cell. This makes it difficult for users to accurately grasp the true performance of the battery during the use of the battery, which is not conducive to the reasonable use and maintenance of the battery, and cannot provide effective data support for the optimization of the battery system. In summary, the existing battery monitoring technology has obvious deficiencies in terms of module flexibility, reliability, and accuracy of cell status monitoring. A new technical solution is urgently needed to solve these problems in order to improve battery performance, safety, and ease of use.

[0033] The present application aims to solve the problem of wireless monitoring and impedance testing of single cells. By adopting a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing, including a single cell, a wireless communication module, a main control chip, a cell balancing circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, and an impedance measurement circuit. The positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the cell balancing circuit through a first connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the cell balancing circuit through a second connecting wire. The positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the overcurrent protection circuit through a third connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the overcurrent protection circuit through a fourth connecting wire. The positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the impedance measurement circuit through a fifth connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the impedance measurement circuit through a sixth connecting wire. The main control chip is electrically connected to the wireless communication module through the first data signal line, electrically connected to the battery cell balancing circuit through the second data signal line, electrically connected to the overcurrent protection circuit through the third data signal line, and electrically connected to the impedance measurement circuit through the fourth data signal line.

[0034] The present application includes all the features of the preamble and the characteristic part. The preamble includes a single battery cell, a wireless communication module, a main control chip, a battery cell balancing circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, and an impedance measurement circuit. The characteristic part describes the specific electrical connection method between the various components, as well as the data signal connection between the main control chip and other modules. The single battery cell provides power, and the main control chip serves as the control center, communicating and controlling each functional circuit module through the data signal line. The wireless communication module realizes data interaction with external devices. The battery cell balancing circuit realizes the balance of the battery cell voltage through the balancing resistor and the switching element. The overcurrent protection circuit prevents the damage of the battery cell and the circuit by the sampling resistor and the protection switch. The impedance measurement circuit realizes the measurement of the battery cell impedance through the excitation source, the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit. Through the mutual cooperation of the above-mentioned technical features, the technical solution of the present application can realize the wireless monitoring and impedance testing of the single battery cell, and solves the problems of the single battery cell in wireless monitoring and impedance testing.

[0035] In practical applications, battery monitoring circuits need to have high flexibility and reliability, while being able to accurately monitor the status of the battery cells. Traditional solutions rely on complex PFC structures, which limit flexibility and increase cost and complexity. Although the wiring harness structure FPC solves some problems, there are still problems with connector space and reliability. Although wireless FPC reduces the problems caused by wired connections, it generally lacks EIS testing functions and cannot accurately evaluate the health status and power status of the battery cells.

[0036] The present application solves the above problems by designing a single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing. The single cell provides power, and the main control chip serves as the control center, communicating and controlling each functional circuit module through data signal lines. The wireless communication module realizes data interaction with external devices. The cell balancing circuit achieves cell voltage balance through balancing resistors and switching elements. The overcurrent protection circuit prevents overcurrent from damaging the cell and circuit through sampling resistors and protection switches. The impedance measurement circuit measures the cell impedance through an excitation source, a voltage measurement unit, and a current measurement unit.

[0037] Among them, a single battery cell serves as a power source to provide the working voltage of the entire circuit. The wireless communication module includes an antenna and a communication chip. The antenna is electrically connected to the communication chip through a radio frequency matching circuit. The communication chip is electrically connected to the main control chip through a data signal line to realize wireless data interaction with external devices. The main control chip is electrically connected to the battery cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit through the data signal line to control the working status and parameters of each module. The battery cell balancing circuit includes a balancing resistor and a switching element, and the battery cell voltage is balanced through the balancing resistor. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a sampling resistor and a protection switch. The current is detected through the sampling resistor. When the current exceeds the preset value, the protection switch disconnects the circuit. The impedance measurement circuit includes an excitation source, a voltage measurement unit, and a current measurement unit. The AC signal is applied through the excitation source, the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit collect voltage and current signals, and the main control chip calculates the battery cell impedance.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, this application realizes data interaction with external devices through a wireless communication module, avoiding the reliability problems caused by wiring harness connection. The battery cell voltage is balanced through the battery cell balancing circuit to ensure that the battery cell works in the best state. The overcurrent protection circuit prevents overcurrent from damaging the battery cell and circuit, thereby improving the safety of the system. The impedance measurement circuit realizes accurate measurement of the battery cell impedance, and the health status and charge status of the battery cell are evaluated in real time, meeting the needs of modern battery management.

[0039] This application realizes data interaction with external devices through a wireless communication module, avoiding the reliability problems caused by wiring harness connection. The battery cell balancing circuit realizes the balance of battery cell voltage through balancing resistors and switching elements to ensure that the battery cell works in the best state. The overcurrent protection circuit prevents overcurrent from damaging the battery cell and circuit through sampling resistors and protection switches, thereby improving the safety of the system. The impedance measurement circuit realizes accurate measurement of the battery cell impedance through an excitation source, a voltage measurement unit, and a current measurement unit, and evaluates the health status and charge status of the battery cell in real time, meeting the needs of modern battery management.

[0040] Further, the present application also proposes that the wireless communication module includes an antenna and a communication chip, the antenna is electrically connected to the communication chip through a radio frequency matching circuit, the communication chip is electrically connected to the main control chip through the seventh data signal line, the antenna is used to transmit and receive radio electromagnetic wave signals to achieve wireless data interaction with external devices, and the communication chip is used to modulate the data to be sent and demodulate the received data. The antenna and the communication chip of the wireless communication module are connected through a radio frequency matching circuit to ensure the effective transmission of wireless signals. The function of the antenna is to transmit and receive radio electromagnetic wave signals to achieve wireless data interaction with external devices. The communication chip is responsible for modulating the data to be sent and demodulating the received data, and is electrically connected to the main control chip through the seventh data signal line. Through this configuration, the communication reliability and data processing problems of the wireless communication module in the battery monitoring circuit are solved, ensuring the accurate transmission and processing of data. The antenna and the communication chip are connected through a radio frequency matching circuit to ensure the effective transmission of wireless signals. The antenna is used to transmit and receive radio electromagnetic wave signals to achieve wireless data interaction with external devices. The communication chip is responsible for modulating the data to be sent and demodulating the received data. The antenna can be in various forms, such as a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna or a microstrip antenna, etc. The specific selection can be determined according to the actual application requirements and space limitations. The RF matching circuit can achieve the best matching effect by adjusting the parameters of components such as inductance and capacitance to ensure the efficiency and stability of signal transmission. The communication chip can integrate a variety of modulation and demodulation algorithms to adapt to different communication protocols and data transmission rate requirements. By adopting the antenna and communication chip structure of the wireless communication module, the technical solution of the present application effectively solves the communication reliability and data processing problems of the wireless communication module in the battery monitoring circuit in the prior art. Compared with the prior art, the wireless communication module of the present application realizes efficient signal transmission through the RF matching circuit, and the reasonable configuration of the antenna and the communication chip ensures the accurate transmission and processing of the data, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery monitoring circuit. This technical solution not only simplifies the design of the battery monitoring circuit, but also reduces the use of connectors and wiring harnesses, reduces the system complexity and cost, and improves the flexibility and safety of the system.

[0041] Further, the present application also proposes that the cell balancing circuit includes multiple balancing resistors and multiple switching elements. After each balancing resistor is connected in series with a corresponding switching element, these series branches are connected in parallel with each other, and the two ends of the whole after parallel connection are connected to the two ends of the single cell through the first connecting wire and the second connecting wire respectively; the switch element and the main control chip are electrically connected through the second data signal line. When the main control chip detects that the voltage of the single cell is unbalanced, a control signal is sent to the corresponding switch element to close it, and the current passes through the balancing resistor in the closed branch to realize the charge transfer between the cells to balance the cell voltage. The cell balancing circuit includes multiple balancing resistors and multiple switching elements. Each balancing resistor is connected in series with a corresponding switching element to form a branch. These branches are connected in parallel with each other, and the two ends of the whole after parallel connection are connected to the two ends of the single cell through a wire. The switch element is electrically connected to the main control chip through a data signal line. When the main control chip detects that the voltage of the single cell is unbalanced, a control signal is sent to the corresponding switch element to close it, and the current passes through the balancing resistor in the closed branch to realize the charge transfer between the cells to balance the cell voltage. In this way, the problem of single cell voltage imbalance can be effectively solved to ensure the stability and safety of the cell. In the present application, the key technical feature of the cell balancing circuit is to solve the problem of single cell voltage imbalance through a combination of multiple balancing resistors and switch elements. Specifically, each balancing resistor is connected in series with a switch element to form a branch, which is connected in parallel to each other and connected to the two ends of the single cell through a wire. When the main control chip detects voltage imbalance, a control signal is sent to the corresponding switch element through the data signal line to close it, so that the current passes through the balancing resistor to realize the charge transfer between the cells. As an implementation method, the switch element can use a semiconductor switching device such as MOSFET or relay to ensure fast response and efficient current control. In addition, the resistance of the balancing resistor can be optimized according to the specific parameters of the cell to achieve the best balancing effect. The present application effectively solves the problem of single cell voltage imbalance through the cell balancing circuit. Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a simple and efficient solution that avoids complex circuit design and high-cost implementation methods. Through the precise control of the main control chip, real-time monitoring and adjustment of the cell voltage can be achieved, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery system. Therefore, the present application has significant application value and promotion prospects in battery management systems.

[0042] Further, the present application also proposes that the overcurrent protection circuit includes a sampling resistor and a protection switch, and the sampling resistor is connected in series to the power supply line of the single battery cell, and is connected in series through the third connecting wire and the fourth connecting wire. The protection switch is electrically connected to the sampling resistor and the main control chip, and the protection switch is connected to the main control chip through the third data signal line. When the voltage across the sampling resistor exceeds the preset threshold, the main control chip sends a control signal to the protection switch to disconnect the circuit, thereby protecting the single battery cell and other circuit elements from damage due to excessive current. The overcurrent protection circuit includes a sampling resistor and a protection switch. The sampling resistor is connected in series to the power supply line of the single battery cell for detecting current. When the current flowing through the battery cell is too large, the voltage across the sampling resistor will exceed the preset threshold. At this time, the main control chip detects this voltage change through the third data signal line, and sends a control signal to the protection switch to disconnect the protection switch and cut off the circuit. This can effectively prevent excessive current from causing damage to the single battery cell and other circuit elements. Through this solution, the circuit can be cut off in time under overcurrent conditions, thereby protecting the battery cell and circuit elements and ensuring the safety and stability of the system. The sampling resistor of the overcurrent protection circuit can adopt a low-resistance, high-precision resistor to ensure accurate detection of the current. The protection switch can adopt components such as MOSFET or relay, and realize fast disconnection through the control signal of the main control chip. In order to further improve the reliability of the system, a filter capacitor can be added between the protection switch and the sampling resistor to reduce the influence of current fluctuations on the detection results. In addition, the main control chip can filter and process the voltage across the sampling resistor through a software algorithm to avoid misjudgment. The present application realizes effective protection against excessive current by connecting a sampling resistor in series on the power supply line of a single battery cell and controlling the disconnection of the protection switch by detecting voltage changes through the main control chip. Compared with the prior art, the scheme has the advantages of simple structure, rapid response and significant protection effect, and effectively solves the technical problem of damage to the battery cell and other circuit components due to overcurrent in the wireless monitoring circuit of a single battery cell. As a result, the present application simplifies the circuit design and reduces the cost while improving the safety and stability of the system.

[0043] See also Figure 2, further, the present application also proposes that the impedance measurement circuit includes an excitation source, a voltage measurement unit, and a current measurement unit. The excitation source is electrically connected to the single cell through the fifth connecting wire and the sixth connecting wire, the voltage measurement unit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the single cell through the eighth data signal line, and is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the single cell through the ninth data signal line, and the current measurement unit is connected to the fifth connecting wire through the tenth data signal line and is connected to the sixth connecting wire through the eleventh data signal line. The excitation source applies an AC excitation signal to the single cell under the control of the main control chip, and the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit respectively collect the voltage at both ends of the cell and the current signal flowing through the cell, and feed back to the main control chip through the corresponding data signal line, and the main control chip calculates the cell impedance based on the collected voltage and current signals. The impedance measurement circuit can accurately measure the impedance of the single cell through the cooperation of the excitation source, the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit. The excitation source applies an AC excitation signal to the single cell under the control of the main control chip, and the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit respectively collect the voltage at both ends of the cell and the current signal flowing through the cell, and feed back these signals to the main control chip. The main control chip calculates the impedance of the battery cell through these signals, thereby realizing accurate measurement of the impedance of a single battery cell. The excitation source is a signal generator capable of generating AC signals of different frequencies, and its frequency range is 1kHz-100kHz. The signal generator is electrically connected to the main control chip through the twelfth data signal line, and the main control chip can control the frequency generated by the excitation source through the twelfth data signal line. The voltage measurement unit includes a high-precision differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. The two input ends of the high-precision differential amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the battery cell through the eighth data signal line and the ninth data signal line, and the voltage at both ends of the battery cell is differentially amplified. The input end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the output end of the high-precision differential amplifier, converting the amplified analog voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmitting the digital signal to the main control chip for processing through the thirteenth data signal line. The current measurement unit includes a current sensor and a signal conditioning circuit. The current sensor is connected in series on the power supply line of the single battery cell through the tenth data signal line and the eleventh data signal line to measure the current flowing through the battery cell. The input end of the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the current sensor, and the current signal output by the current sensor is conditioned into a signal suitable for processing by the main control chip, and the conditioned signal is transmitted to the main control chip through the fourteenth data signal line. Through the above technical scheme, the present application realizes accurate measurement of the impedance of a single battery cell. Compared with the prior art, the present application can accurately collect the voltage at both ends of the battery cell and the current signal flowing through the battery cell under the control of the main control chip through the cooperation of the excitation source, the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit, and calculate the impedance of the battery cell through these signals, thereby improving the accuracy of the single battery cell impedance measurement. This technical scheme not only simplifies the circuit structure and reduces costs, but also improves the reliability and measurement accuracy of the system.

[0044] Further, the present application also proposes that the excitation source is a signal generator capable of generating AC signals of different frequencies, and its frequency range is 1kHz-100kHz. The signal generator is electrically connected to the main control chip through the twelfth data signal line, and the main control chip can control the frequency generated by the excitation source through the twelfth data signal line. This technical solution solves the technical problem of how to generate AC signals of different frequencies by using a signal generator capable of generating AC signals of different frequencies and controlling its frequency by the main control chip, and realizes flexible control of the frequency of the excitation source, thereby meeting different test requirements. The excitation source is a signal generator capable of generating AC signals of different frequencies, and its frequency range is 1kHz-100kHz. The signal generator is connected to the main control chip through the twelfth data signal line, and the main control chip controls the frequency generated by the excitation source through the twelfth data signal line. Specifically, the signal generator can use a conventional signal generator chip, such as AD9833 or Si5351, which can generate stable AC signals in the frequency range of 1kHz to 100kHz. The main control chip can set the output frequency of the signal generator by programming, thereby realizing the demand for AC signals of different frequencies. As a preferred embodiment, the main control chip can communicate with the signal generator through a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal or an I2C (inter-integrated circuit bus) protocol to achieve precise control of the frequency. By adopting a signal generator that can generate AC signals of different frequencies and controlling its frequency by the main control chip, the present application achieves flexible control of the excitation source frequency. This not only solves the need to generate AC signals of different frequencies, but also improves the adaptability and flexibility of the system. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application can better meet various test requirements and improve the performance and reliability of the system.

[0045] Further, the present application also proposes that the voltage measurement unit includes a high-precision differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, and the two input ends of the high-precision differential amplifier are respectively connected to the two ends of the battery cell through the eighth data signal line and the ninth data signal line, and the voltage at both ends of the battery cell is differentially amplified; the input end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the output end of the high-precision differential amplifier, and the amplified analog voltage signal is converted into a digital signal, and the digital signal is transmitted to the main control chip for processing through the thirteenth data signal line. The high-precision differential amplifier is connected to the two ends of the battery cell through the eighth data signal line and the ninth data signal line, and can accurately differentially amplify the voltage at both ends of the battery cell, and the analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified analog voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmits it to the main control chip through the thirteenth data signal line. The combined use of the high-precision differential amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter solves the problem of accurate measurement and signal conversion of the voltage signal at both ends of the battery cell, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of battery cell monitoring. The high-precision differential amplifier is used to differentially amplify the voltage at both ends of the battery cell. This amplification method can effectively suppress common-mode noise and improve measurement accuracy. The analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified analog voltage signal into a digital signal, which is transmitted to the main control chip through the data line for processing. As a preferred embodiment, the high-precision differential amplifier can select a model with low offset voltage and high common mode rejection ratio to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. The analog-to-digital converter can select a model with high resolution and fast conversion speed to meet the needs of real-time monitoring. The present application solves the problem of accurate measurement and signal conversion of the voltage signal at both ends of the battery cell by adopting a high-precision differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. Compared with the prior art, the present application has significant advantages in measurement accuracy and reliability, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of battery cell monitoring, and contributing to the optimization and safe use of the battery system.

[0046] Further, the present application also proposes that the current measurement unit includes a current sensor and a signal conditioning circuit, the current sensor is connected in series to the power supply line of the single cell through the tenth data signal line and the eleventh data signal line to measure the current flowing through the cell, the input end of the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the current sensor, the current signal output by the current sensor is conditioned to a signal suitable for processing by the main control chip, and the conditioned signal is transmitted to the main control chip through the fourteenth data signal line. The current measurement unit includes a current sensor and a signal conditioning circuit, the current sensor is used to measure the current flowing through the cell, and the signal conditioning circuit is used to condition the current signal output by the current sensor to a signal suitable for processing by the main control chip. The current sensor is connected in series to the power supply line of the single cell through the tenth and eleventh data signal lines to ensure that the current can be accurately measured. The input end of the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the current sensor, and the current signal is conditioned and transmitted to the main control chip through the fourteenth data signal line. In this way, the solution of the present application solves the problem of accurate measurement and signal conditioning of the cell current. The current sensor and the signal conditioning circuit cooperate with each other to ensure that the measured current signal can be accurately processed by the main control chip, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the battery cell monitoring. The combination of the current sensor and the signal conditioning circuit realizes the accurate measurement and signal conditioning of the battery cell current. The current sensor is connected in series to the battery cell power supply line through the tenth and eleventh data signal lines to ensure the accuracy of the current measurement. The input end of the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the current sensor to condition the current signal into a signal suitable for processing by the main control chip. Further, the signal conditioning circuit may include a filter and an amplifier to ensure the stability and accuracy of the signal. For example, the filter can be used to eliminate high-frequency noise in the current signal, and the amplifier is used to amplify the weak current signal to a range that the main control chip can handle. As a preferred embodiment, the signal conditioning circuit can also integrate an analog-to-digital converter to convert the analog current signal into a digital signal so that the main control chip can perform more accurate processing. Through the combination of the current sensor and the signal conditioning circuit, accurate measurement and signal conditioning of the battery cell current are achieved. Compared with the prior art, the solution of the present application has the following advantages: first, by connecting the current sensor in series on the power supply line, the real-time monitoring of the cell current can be realized, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement; second, the current signal is conditioned into a signal suitable for the main control chip to process through the signal conditioning circuit, improving the stability and accuracy of the signal; finally, by transmitting the conditioned signal to the main control chip, the real-time monitoring of the cell state can be realized, improving the accuracy and reliability of the cell management. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application can effectively solve the problems of inaccurate cell current measurement and imperfect signal conditioning in the prior art, and improve the performance and safety of the battery monitoring system.

[0047] Furthermore, the present application also proposes that the main control chip is a microcontroller, which includes an analog-to-digital conversion module, a storage module, and an operation module. The analog-to-digital conversion module receives and converts analog signals from the cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit through the first to fourteenth data signal lines. The storage module is used to store circuit parameters and measurement data, and the operation module is used to process data from the analog-to-digital conversion module, and generate control instructions based on the processing results, and send them to each circuit module through the corresponding data signal line. By integrating the analog-to-digital conversion module, the storage module, and the operation module inside the main control chip, the problem of efficient signal processing and data storage in the single-cell wireless monitoring circuit is solved. The analog-to-digital conversion module receives and converts analog signals from each circuit to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of signal processing. The storage module is used to store circuit parameters and measurement data, and provide reliable data recording and backtracking functions. The operation module processes the converted data and generates control instructions to ensure the normal operation of the circuit and the realization of the monitoring function. Through the collaborative work of these modules, the main control chip can efficiently manage and control the entire monitoring circuit and improve the accuracy and reliability of battery monitoring. The analog-to-digital conversion module can be implemented by a high-precision analog-to-digital converter to ensure the accuracy of signal conversion. The storage module can use a non-volatile memory, such as EEPROM or flash memory, to ensure that data is not lost in the event of a power outage. The operation module can be implemented by an embedded processor, which can process data in real time according to a preset algorithm and generate corresponding control instructions.

[0048] For example, after the analog-to-digital conversion module receives the analog signals of the battery cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit, it first performs signal filtering processing to remove noise, and then performs analog-to-digital conversion to convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The storage module stores the converted digital signal for subsequent analysis and processing. The operation module executes the corresponding control algorithm, such as the battery cell balancing algorithm, the overcurrent protection algorithm, the impedance measurement algorithm, etc., according to the stored data, generates control instructions, and sends them to each circuit module through the data signal line to control its working state. Therefore, the present application solves the problem of low efficiency of signal processing and data storage in the prior art by integrating the analog-to-digital conversion module, the storage module, and the operation module inside the main control chip, improves the accuracy and real-time performance of signal processing, enhances the reliability of data storage, and generates control instructions through the operation module to ensure the normal operation of the circuit and the realization of the monitoring function. This technical solution simplifies the circuit design, improves the integration and reliability of the system, and has significant technical advantages.

[0049] Further, the present application also proposes that the first connecting wire, the second connecting wire, the third connecting wire, the fourth connecting wire, the fifth connecting wire, and the sixth connecting wire all use low-impedance metal wires, which can be made of copper or silver to ensure the accuracy and low loss of signal transmission. Including the use of low-impedance metal wires, the material can be copper or silver. These metal wires are used to connect the various circuit modules of the single battery cell to ensure the accuracy and low loss of signal transmission. By using low-impedance metal wires, the present application solves the accuracy and loss problems that may occur during signal transmission. The material of these wires is selected from copper or silver, which further ensures the conductive performance, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the entire monitoring circuit. Further, low-impedance metal wires can be achieved through different manufacturing processes. For example, copper wires can be silver-plated to further reduce the surface resistance of the wire, and silver wires can be improved by purity control. The cross-sectional area and length of the wire can also be optimized and designed according to specific application requirements to achieve the best signal transmission effect. As a preferred embodiment, the connection of the wire can be welded or crimped to ensure the firmness and conductivity of the connection. This application improves the accuracy and low loss of signal transmission by using low-impedance metal wires, solving the problem of unstable signal transmission in the prior art. Compared with the prior art, this application optimizes the wire material selection and manufacturing process, making signal transmission more reliable and further improving the performance and stability of the entire battery monitoring circuit. Therefore, this application not only ensures the quality of signal transmission, but also improves the reliability and service life of the system.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing, characterized in that: Including single battery cell, wireless communication module, main control chip, battery cell balancing circuit, overcurrent protection circuit, impedance measurement circuit; The positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the cell balancing circuit through a first connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the cell balancing circuit through a second connecting wire; The positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the overcurrent protection circuit through a third connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the overcurrent protection circuit through a fourth connecting wire; The positive electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the impedance measurement circuit through a fifth connecting wire, and the negative electrode of the single cell is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the input end of the impedance measurement circuit through a sixth connecting wire; The main control chip is electrically connected to the wireless communication module through a first data signal line, electrically connected to the battery cell balancing circuit through a second data signal line, electrically connected to the overcurrent protection circuit through a third data signal line, and electrically connected to the impedance measurement circuit through a fourth data signal line.

2. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless communication module includes an antenna and a communication chip. The antenna is electrically connected to the communication chip through a radio frequency matching circuit. The communication chip is electrically connected to the main control chip through a seventh data signal line. The antenna is used to transmit and receive radio electromagnetic wave signals to achieve wireless data interaction with external devices. The communication chip is used to modulate the data to be sent and demodulate the received data.

3. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cell balancing circuit comprises a plurality of balancing resistors and a plurality of switch elements. After each balancing resistor is connected in series with a corresponding switch element, these series branches are connected in parallel with each other, and two ends of the whole after parallel connection are connected to two ends of the single cell through a first connecting wire and a second connecting wire respectively; The switch element is electrically connected to the main control chip through a second data signal line. When the main control chip detects that the voltage of a single battery cell is unbalanced, a control signal is sent to the corresponding switch element to close it. The current passes through the balancing resistor in the closed branch to realize charge transfer between the batteries to balance the battery cell voltage.

4. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection circuit includes a sampling resistor and a protection switch, wherein the sampling resistor is connected in series to the power supply line of the single cell, specifically, connected in series through a third connecting wire and a fourth connecting wire; The protection switch is electrically connected to the sampling resistor and the main control chip. The protection switch is connected to the main control chip through a third data signal line. When the voltage across the sampling resistor exceeds a preset threshold, the main control chip sends a control signal to the protection switch to disconnect the circuit, thereby protecting the single battery cell and other circuit elements from damage by excessive current.

5. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance measurement circuit includes an excitation source, a voltage measurement unit, and a current measurement unit; The excitation source is electrically connected to the single cell through a fifth connecting wire and a sixth connecting wire, the voltage measuring unit is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the single cell through an eighth data signal line and to the negative electrode of the single cell through a ninth data signal line, and the current measuring unit is connected to the fifth connecting wire through a tenth data signal line and to the sixth connecting wire through an eleventh data signal line; The excitation source applies an AC excitation signal to the single battery cell under the control of the main control chip. The voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit respectively collect the voltage across the battery cell and the current signal flowing through the battery cell, and feed them back to the main control chip through the corresponding data signal line. The main control chip calculates the battery cell impedance based on the collected voltage and current signals.

6. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The excitation source is a signal generator capable of generating AC signals of different frequencies, and its frequency range is 1kHz-100kHz. The signal generator is electrically connected to the main control chip via the twelfth data signal line, and the main control chip can control the frequency generated by the excitation source via the twelfth data signal line.

7. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The voltage measurement unit includes a high-precision differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein two input terminals of the high-precision differential amplifier are respectively connected to two ends of the battery cell through an eighth data signal line and a ninth data signal line to differentially amplify the voltage at both ends of the battery cell; The input end of the analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the output end of the high-precision differential amplifier, converting the amplified analog voltage signal into a digital signal, and transmitting the digital signal to the main control chip for processing through the thirteenth data signal line.

8. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The current measuring unit comprises a current sensor and a signal conditioning circuit, wherein the current sensor is connected in series to a power supply line of a single cell through a tenth data signal line and an eleventh data signal line to measure the current flowing through the cell; The input end of the signal conditioning circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the current sensor, and conditions the current signal output by the current sensor into a signal suitable for processing by the main control chip, and transmits the conditioned signal to the main control chip through the fourteenth data signal line.

9. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control chip is a microcontroller, which includes an analog-to-digital conversion module, a storage module, and a computing module; The analog-to-digital conversion module receives analog signals from the cell balancing circuit, the overcurrent protection circuit, and the impedance measurement circuit through the first to fourteenth data signal lines and performs conversion; The storage module is used to store circuit parameters and measurement data, and the operation module is used to process data from the analog-to-digital conversion module and generate control instructions based on the processing results, and send them to each circuit module through the corresponding data signal line.

10. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting wire, the second connecting wire, the third connecting wire, the fourth connecting wire, the fifth connecting wire and the sixth connecting wire are all low-impedance metal wires, and their materials may be copper or silver, so as to ensure the accuracy and low loss of signal transmission.

11. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit also includes a power management circuit, which obtains electrical energy by being electrically connected to the single battery cell through the fifteenth data signal line, and is electrically connected to the main control chip through the sixteenth data signal line, so as to provide a stable operating voltage for the entire monitoring circuit. The power management circuit includes a voltage stabilizing chip and a filter capacitor, which are used to convert the voltage provided by the single battery cell into a stable voltage required by each circuit module.

12. The single-cell wireless monitoring circuit with impedance testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control chip receives control instructions sent by an external device through a wireless communication module, and the external device sends control instructions to the antenna through radio electromagnetic waves. After the antenna transmits the signal to the communication chip for demodulation, the control instructions are transmitted to the main control chip through the seventh data signal line; According to the received instructions, the main control chip controls the switch element state of the battery cell balancing circuit through the second data signal line, controls the protection switch state of the overcurrent protection circuit through the third data signal line, and controls the working state and parameters of the excitation source, voltage measurement unit and current measurement unit of the impedance measurement circuit through the fourth data signal line.

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