Permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel fixing structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a permanent magnet motor and magnetic steel fixing structure which comprises a shell, a protection mechanism and a locking mechanism, one end of the shell is connected with a first protection net through a bolt, the other end of the shell is connected with an inner end cover through a bolt, and one end of the inner end cover is connected with an outer end cover through a bolt. One end of the shell is provided with a second protective net, the inner wall of the shell is uniformly provided with stator punching sheets, and one end of the shell is connected with fan blades through a bearing. According to the device, a built-in heat dissipation mode is adopted for heat dissipation work, so that the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, load protection can be carried out, the use safety of the device is further improved, loss is reduced, meanwhile, high-precision and stable self-locking can be carried out, the safety and precision of working parts are guaranteed, and the service life of the device is prolonged. And no-load cogging torque ripple and load torque ripple ripple can be improved, the performance of the device is further improved, the energy consumption loss is reduced, and the operation stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to a permanent magnet motor and a magnetic steel fixing structure. Background Art

[0002] The working principle of permanent magnet motor is based on the law of electromagnetic induction and Ampere's force law. Permanent magnets generate a constant magnetic field in the motor. When current is passed through the stator winding, a magnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnet's magnetic field is generated. According to Ampere's force law, the current-carrying conductor will be acted upon by a force in the magnetic field. This force causes the motor's rotor to generate torque, thereby driving the rotor to rotate and realizing the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. At present, some existing permanent magnet motors are not capable of self-locking. When they are used in the field of high-precision and advanced technology, the motor needs to be locked after stopping working. Usually, an external device is used to complete the locking work. This method not only has poor locking accuracy but also increases the cost of use. At the same time, some existing permanent magnet motors are not stable enough during operation, resulting in reduced performance and increased energy consumption. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet motor and a magnetic steel fixing structure to solve the problem that some of the existing permanent magnet motors cannot self-lock as mentioned in the above background technology. When the rotor needs to be locked in a special place of use, an external device is usually used to complete the locking work. This method not only affects the motor efficiency but also increases the cost of use. At the same time, the locking accuracy is poor, and some of the existing permanent magnet motors are not stable enough during operation, resulting in reduced performance and increased energy consumption. The present solution adopts an internal heat dissipation method to perform heat dissipation work, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and at the same time, load protection can be performed, further improving the safety of the use of the device and reducing losses. At the same time, the device can also perform high-precision and stable self-locking, thereby ensuring the safety and accuracy of the working parts, and can also improve the no-load tooth slot torque fluctuation and load torque pulsation fluctuation, further improving the performance of the device, reducing energy consumption losses, and improving operational stability.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a permanent magnet motor and a magnetic steel fixing structure, the permanent magnet motor includes a shell, a protection mechanism and a locking mechanism, one end of the shell is connected to a first protection net by bolts, the other end of the shell is connected to an inner end cover by bolts, one end of the inner end cover is connected to an outer end cover by bolts, one end of the shell is provided with a second protection net, the inner wall of the shell is evenly provided with stator punchings, and both ends of the stator punchings are stepped structures, and the stepped structures are mutually engaged, the outer side of the stator punchings is slidably connected to a limit rod, and the limit rods are all connected to the inner wall of the shell. The outer shell is fixedly connected, the middle part of the stator punching sheet is wound with a coil, the inside of the outer shell is provided with a rotor punching sheet, the middle part of the rotor punching sheet is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is connected to the inner end cover and the outer end cover through a bearing, the outer surface of the rotor punching sheet is provided with a magnetic steel body, the inside of the outer shell is evenly provided with air ducts, one end of the outer shell is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is connected to one end of the air duct, one end of the outer shell is connected with a fan blade through a bearing, and one end of the fan blade passes through the outer shell and is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft.

[0005] Preferably, the protection mechanism includes a protective shell, a Hall current sensor, a controller, a fixed plate, a slide bar, a movable plate, a first push rod, a buckle slot, a first spring, a first wire connector, a second wire connector, a limit slot, a buckle rod, a fixed rod, a torsion spring, a pull piece, a push-pull electromagnet and a cover plate, one end of the shell is fixedly connected to the protective shell, one end of the protective shell is provided with a Hall current sensor, one side of the Hall current sensor is provided with a controller, the middle part of the protective shell is fixedly connected to a fixed plate, both ends of the fixed plate are fixedly connected to two sets of slide bars, and one end of the slide bar is connected to The inner wall of the protective shell is fixedly connected, a movable plate is arranged on one side of the fixed plate, and both ends of the movable plate are respectively slidably connected to the sliding rod, a first push rod is connected to the middle of the movable plate, and one end of the first push rod is slidably connected to the protective shell, buckle grooves are arranged at both ends of the movable plate, a first spring is fixedly connected to both ends of the movable plate, and one end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell, the first spring is respectively located at the upper and lower sides of the first push rod, a first wire connector is arranged in the middle of the fixed plate, a second wire connector is arranged in the middle of the movable plate, and the second wire connector One end of the wire connector is fitted with the inner wall of the first wire connector, both ends of the fixing plate are provided with limiting grooves, and one side of the limiting groove is inclined, two sets of buckle rods are arranged inside the protective shell, and one end of the buckle rod extends through the limiting groove to the inside of the buckle groove and fits therewith, one end of the buckle rod is rotatably connected with a fixing rod, and both ends of the fixing rod are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove, a torsion spring is arranged between the fixing rod and the buckle rod, and both ends of the torsion spring are respectively fixedly connected to the buckle rod and the fixing rod, a pull piece is arranged on the inner wall of one side of the protective shell, and the inner A push-pull electromagnet is provided on the wall, and the output end of the push-pull electromagnet is fixedly connected to the pull piece, both ends of the pull piece are respectively slidably connected to one end of the buckle rod, the side of the pull piece close to one end is all inclined, one end of the buckle rod is an inclined surface corresponding to the pull piece, and the end of the pull piece that fits the movable plate is a hook with an inclined surface, one side of the push-pull electromagnet is an inclined surface adapted to the hook, one side of the protective shell is connected to a cover plate through a rotating shaft, and the cover plate is located on one side of the first push rod, which can automatically cut off the power supply to avoid damage to the device due to overload, thereby improving safety in use.

[0006] Preferably, the control end of the push-pull electromagnet is electrically connected to an external power supply through a controller and a Hall current sensor, so as to facilitate the operation of the device.

[0007] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a locking block, a track, a slider, a connecting rod, a first motor, a threaded rod, a locking ring, a gear, a locking groove, an adjusting rod, a first electric push rod, a mounting groove, a laser distance sensor, a locking rod, a second electric push rod and a base plate, the inner part of the outer end cover is slidably connected to the locking block, one end of the outer end cover is symmetrically fixedly connected to the base plate, and the base plates are respectively located on both sides of the rotating shaft, the sides where the locking block and the base plate are close are symmetrically fixedly connected to the track, one end of the track is slidably connected to the slider, one end of the slider is connected to the connecting rod through a rotating shaft, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the base plate and the locking block through the rotating shaft, the middle parts of the connecting rods are respectively connected through the rotating shaft, one end of the two groups of tracks are provided with a first motor, the output ends of the first motors are fixedly connected to the threaded rod, and one end of the threaded rod is respectively connected to one end of the track through a bearing, the middle parts of the threaded rods are respectively connected to the slider through threads, The middle part of the locking block is connected to a locking ring through a bearing, one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a gear, and the gear is meshed with the inner wall of the locking ring, and three groups of locking grooves are opened inside the locking block, and an adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the middle part of the locking ring, and the adjusting rod is located inside one group of locking grooves, and a first electric push rod is connected to the inside of one group of locking grooves through a bearing, and the output end of the first electric push rod is connected to the adjusting rod through a rotating shaft, and a locking rod is symmetrically fixedly connected to the middle part of the locking ring, and the locking rods are respectively located inside the other two groups of locking grooves, and a second electric push rod is arranged inside the two groups of locking grooves, and the output ends of the second electric push rods are respectively fitted with the locking rods, and the two groups of the second electric push rods are respectively located on the opposite sides of the two groups of locking rods, and an installation groove is opened on the inner wall of the locking ring, and four groups of laser distance sensors are arranged inside the installation groove, and the two outermost groups of laser distance sensors are respectively located at the farthest edges of adjacent teeth of the gear, which can achieve high-precision and stable self-locking.

[0008] Preferably, the control ends of the first motor, the first electric push rod and the locking rod are all electrically connected to an external power source through a laser distance sensor and a switch, so as to facilitate the operation of the device.

[0009] A magnetic steel structure includes a triangular rod, a triangular slot and a stator slot. The rotor punching sheet and the magnetic steel body are fixed by an inverted triangle structure. One end of the magnetic steel body is provided with a triangular slot. The inside of the triangular slot is slidably connected with a triangular rod, and one side of the triangular rod is fixedly connected to the rotor punching sheet. The side of the magnetic steel body away from the rotor punching sheet is arc-shaped, and the gaps between the stator punching sheets are stator slots.

[0010] Preferably, four groups of staggered rectangular grooves are provided at both ends of the arc side of the magnetic steel body, and the rectangular grooves are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the magnetic steel body, and the farther away from the center line of the magnetic steel body, the deeper the depth of the rectangular grooves. The eight side lengths of the four groups of rectangular grooves are L2, L1, L4, L3, L6, L5, L8 and L7 from the outside to the inside, and satisfy L8<L7<L6<L5<L4<L3<L2<L1. The widths of the four groups of rectangular grooves are B1, B2, B3 and B4 from the outside to the inside, and satisfy B1<B2<B3<B4, and also satisfy L1 / L2×B1≥L3 / L4×B2≥L5 / L6×B3≥L7 / L8×B4, which can eliminate harmonic content.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the magnetic steel body is W1, the longest height of the magnetic steel body is H1, the gap between the inner wall of the stator punching sheet and the outer wall of the magnetic steel body is G, and W1 / H1=(B1 / G)+(B2 / G)+(B3 / G)+(B4 / G) is satisfied.

[0012] Preferably, the inner diameter of the stator punching sheet is R2, the outer diameter of the stator punching sheet is R4, the inner diameter of the rotating shaft is R3, and the outer diameter of the magnetic steel body is R1, satisfying (R2 / R4)+H1≥(R3 / R1)+2×G.

[0013] Preferably, the height of the triangular bar is H2, the width of the triangular bar on one side away from the rotor punching sheet is T1, and the width of the other side of the triangular bar is T2, satisfying 1.1×(T1 / T2)<H2<1.3×(T1 / T2).

[0014] Preferably, the slot width of the stator slot is W2, and satisfies G / B4≥W1 / H1, in order to reduce the cogging torque and the harmonic content of the back electromotive force.

[0015] Preferably, the number of the stator slots is N1, the number of the magnetic steel bodies is P1, and N1=P1±4, and N1≤12.

[0016] Preferably, the stator punching sheet adopts a block structure splicing, and each block is a stepped structure, and both sides of the stator punching sheet include step one, step two, step three, step four, step five, step six, step seven and step eight, the step one is respectively perpendicular to the outer surface of the stator punching sheet, the step one is respectively perpendicular to the step two, the step two is respectively perpendicular to the step three, the step three is respectively perpendicular to the step four, the step four is respectively perpendicular to the step five, and the step five is respectively perpendicular to the step six. Vertically, the step six is ​​perpendicular to the step seven, the step seven is perpendicular to the step eight, the height of the step two is H5, the height of the step four is H6, the distance between the step two and the step eight is H7, the distance between the step four and the step six is ​​H8, and the shortest distance between the outer wall of the stator punching sheet and the inner wall of the stator slot is H9, among which H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9 satisfy H5 / H6>H8 / H7, and also satisfy 2.5×H7<H9<3.5×H7, which can improve the slot fill rate.

[0017] Preferably, the direction of the magnetic steel body is the same as the direction of the rotor punching sheet, and the magnetic steel body is manufactured by a mold injection molding process.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Since both ends of the arc side of the magnetic steel body are four groups of staggered rectangular slots, and the rectangular slots are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the magnetic steel body, the harmonic content can be eliminated. At the same time, the slot width of the stator slot is W2, and satisfies G / B4≥W1 / H1. The purpose is to reduce the tooth slot torque and reduce the harmonic content of the back electromotive force. The stator punching sheet adopts a block structure splicing, and each block is a stepped structure, so as to improve the slot full rate. During operation, the device has great improvements in no-load tooth slot torque and load torque pulsation. By comparing with the prior art, the no-load tooth slot torque fluctuation in the present invention is improved by 124%, and the load torque pulsation fluctuation is improved by 279%, thereby further improving the performance of the device, reducing energy consumption loss, and improving operation stability. During operation, the fan blades and the gears can be driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, and the outside air can pass through the second protective net into the air duct and the air inlet through the fan blades. The heat can be taken away through the air ducts evenly distributed inside the shell, thereby cooling the device and improving the service life of the device. At the same time, when the load of the device is too high, the Hall current sensor monitors that the temperature of the first wire connector and the second wire connector is too high and exceeds the safety value. At this time, the controller controls the push-pull electromagnet to work, and the pull piece moves up to make one end of the buckle rod approach each other. At this time, the other end of the buckle rod no longer buckles the movable plate. At this time, the movable plate is moved away from the fixed plate under the action of the first spring, and the second wire connector is no longer inside the first wire connector. At this time, the device is powered off, thereby For protection, after power failure, the pull piece is reset under the action of the push-pull electromagnet, and the buckle rod is reset under the action of the torsion spring. When the user has completed the maintenance, he lifts the cover and pushes the first push rod. The first push rod drives the movable plate and the second wire connector to move. When the inclined surface of the buckle groove conflicts with the inclined surface of the hook at one end of the buckle rod, the hook at one end of the buckle rod performs a circular motion and compresses the torsion spring. When a "click" sound is heard, the second wire connector is inserted into the inside of the first wire connector, and the hook at one end of the buckle rod is reset under the action of the torsion spring. At the same time, the hook at one end of the buckle rod completes the engagement with the movable plate, and the first spring is in a stretched state. At this time, the device can continue to work. When the user needs to lock, the rotating shaft drives the gear to stop rotating. At this time, the four The limit groove detects the position of the outer teeth of the gear. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors on the left is greater than that of the other two groups, the output end of the first electric push rod is extended, and the lock ring is driven to rotate through the adjusting rod until the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors are the same. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors on the left is less than that of the other two groups, the output end of the first electric push rod is shortened, and the lock ring is driven to rotate through the adjusting rod until the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors are the same. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors in the middle is greater than or less than the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors on both sides, the extension or shortening of the output end of the first electric push rod can be driven to rotate by the adjusting rod, and finally the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors are adjusted to be the same.At this time, the tooth positions of the locking ring and the gear are also the same, and then the output ends of the two groups of second electric push rods extend at the same time until they are in fit with one end of the locking rod. At this time, the output end of the second electric push rod presses against one side of the locking rod. Since the positions of the two groups of second electric push rods are opposite, the position of the locking ring can be locked. Then the output end of the first motor drives the threaded rod to rotate, and the slider can slide on the surface of the track through the threaded rod. The distance between one end of the two groups of connecting rods on one side of the locking block can be shortened through the first motor, the threaded rod and the slider, so that the distance between the threaded rod and the locking block can be lengthened, and then the locking block and the locking ring can be pushed to move until the locking ring meshes with the gear. At this time, the locking work is completed, so that the working part can be locked, and the user does not need to install other locking devices, thereby reducing the cost of use. At the same time, the device can be automatically adjusted to achieve high precision. The device can lock the working degree to ensure the stability and precision of the working parts. When the device needs to work, the first motor drives the threaded rod to reverse. At this time, the slider and the connecting rod can make the locking block approach one side of the bottom plate until the locking ring is no longer engaged with the gear. At the same time, the output end of the second electric push rod is shortened to the shortest position. The first electric push rod drives the adjustment rod and the locking ring to reset for the next locking work. The device adopts a built-in heat dissipation method to perform heat dissipation, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. At the same time, it can also perform load protection, further improve the safety of the use of the device, and reduce losses. At the same time, the device can also perform high-precision and stable self-locking, thereby ensuring the safety and precision of the working parts, and can also improve the no-load tooth slot torque fluctuation and load torque pulsation fluctuation, further improve the performance of the device, reduce energy consumption loss, and improve operation stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional perspective schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the air duct and the air inlet in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the first protective net and the air duct in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the protective shell and the cover plate in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the buckle groove, the limiting groove and the buckle rod in the present invention; Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the track, the slider and the connecting rod in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional perspective schematic diagram of the lock ring, the adjustment rod and the locking rod in the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the lock ring, the laser distance sensor and the locking rod in the present invention; Fig.10 It is a front view of the stator punching sheet, the rotor punching sheet and the magnetic steel body in the present invention; Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic steel body in the present invention; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor punching sheet and the triangular rod in the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator punching sheet and the stator slot in the present invention; Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stator punching sheet in the present invention; Fig.15 This is a comparison diagram of the no-load cogging torque waveforms of the prior art and the technology of the present invention; Fig.16 The figure is a comparison diagram of the load torque pulsation waveform of the prior art and the technology of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1, shell; 2, first protective net; 3, inner end cover; 4, outer end cover; 5, second protective net; 6, stator punching sheet; 7, limit rod; 8, coil; 9, rotor punching sheet; 10, rotating shaft; 11, magnetic steel body; 12, triangular rod; 13, air duct; 14, air inlet; 15, fan blade; 16, protective shell; 17, Hall current sensor; 18, controller; 19, fixed plate; 20, slide bar; 21, movable plate; 22, first push rod; 23, buckle groove; 24, first spring; 25, first wire joint; 26, second wire joint; 27, limit groove; 28, buckle rod; 29, fixed rod; 30 , torsion spring; 31, pull piece; 32, push-pull electromagnet; 33, cover plate; 34, lock block; 35, track; 36, slider; 37, connecting rod; 38, first motor; 39, step eight; 40, threaded rod; 41, lock ring; 42, gear; 43, lock groove; 44, adjustment rod; 45, first electric push rod; 46, installation groove; 47, laser distance sensor; 48, locking rod; 49, second electric push rod; 50, bottom plate; 51, triangular groove; 52, stator groove; 53, step one; 54, step two; 55, step three; 56, step four; 57, step five; 58, step six; 59, step seven. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See also Figure 1-Figure 16, an embodiment provided by the present invention: A permanent magnet motor and a magnetic steel fixing structure, the permanent magnet motor comprises a shell 1, a protection mechanism and a locking mechanism, one end of the shell 1 is connected to a first protection net 2 by bolts, the other end of the shell 1 is connected to an inner end cover 3 by bolts, one end of the inner end cover 3 is connected to an outer end cover 4 by bolts, one end of the shell 1 is provided with a second protection net 5, the inner wall of the shell 1 is evenly provided with stator punchings 6, and both ends of the stator punchings 6 are stepped structures, and the stepped structures are mutually engaged, the outer side of the stator punchings 6 is slidably connected to a limit rod 7, and the limit rods 7 are all fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell 1, and the middle part of the stator punchings 6 is wound with Coil 8, a rotor punching 9 is arranged inside the shell 1, a rotating shaft 10 is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotor punching 9, and one end of the rotating shaft 10 is connected to the inner wall of the shell 1 through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft 10 is connected to the inner end cover 3 and the outer end cover 4 through a bearing, the outer surface of the rotor punching 9 is provided with a magnetic steel body 11, and the inside of the shell 1 is evenly provided with air ducts 13, an air inlet 14 is opened at one end of the shell 1, and the air inlet 14 is connected to one end of the air duct 13, and a fan blade 15 is connected to one end of the shell 1 through a bearing, and one end of the fan blade 15 passes through the shell 1 and is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 10; See also Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6In this embodiment, the protection mechanism includes a protective shell 16, a Hall current sensor 17, a controller 18, a fixed plate 19, a slide bar 20, a movable plate 21, a first push rod 22, a buckle groove 23, a first spring 24, a first wire connector 25, a second wire connector 26, a limit groove 27, a buckle rod 28, a fixed rod 29, a torsion spring 30, a pull member 31, a push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​and a cover plate 33. One end of the housing 1 is fixedly connected to the protective shell 16, one end of the protective shell 16 is provided with a Hall current sensor 17, one side of the Hall current sensor 17 is provided with a controller 18, the middle part of the protective shell 16 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 19, both ends of the fixed plate 19 are fixedly connected to two sets of slide bars 20, and one end of the slide bar 20 is fixed to the inner wall of the protective shell 16. A movable plate 21 is provided on one side of the fixed plate 19, and both ends of the movable plate 21 are respectively slidably connected to the slide bar 20, a first push rod 22 is connected to the middle of the movable plate 21, and one end of the first push rod 22 is slidably connected to the protective shell 16, buckle grooves 23 are provided at both ends of the movable plate 21, first springs 24 are fixedly connected to both ends of the movable plate 21, and one end of the first spring 24 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 16, and the first springs 24 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the first push rod 22, a first wire connector 25 is provided in the middle of the fixed plate 19, a second wire connector 26 is provided in the middle of the movable plate 21, and one end of the second wire connector 26 is fitted with the inner wall of the first wire connector 25, and a limiting groove 23 is provided at both ends of the fixed plate 19 7, and one side of the limit groove 27 is in the shape of an inclined plane, two sets of buckle rods 28 are arranged inside the protective shell 16, and one end of the buckle rod 28 passes through the limit groove 27 and extends to the inside of the buckle groove 23 and fits therewith, one end of the buckle rod 28 is rotatably connected with a fixing rod 29, and both ends of the fixing rod 29 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limit groove 27, a torsion spring 30 is arranged between the fixing rod 29 and the buckle rod 28, and both ends of the torsion spring 30 are respectively fixedly connected to the buckle rod 28 and the fixing rod 29, a pull piece 31 is arranged on the inner wall of one side of the protective shell 16, a push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the protective shell 16, and the output end of the push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​is fixedly connected to the pull piece 31, and both ends of the pull piece 31 are respectively slidably connected to one end of the buckle rod 28, and the pull pieces 31 are pressed against each other. One side near one end is all inclined, one end of the buckle rod 28 is an inclined surface corresponding to the pull piece 31, the end of the pull piece 31 that fits the movable plate 21 is a hook with an inclined surface, one side of the push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​is an inclined surface adapted to the hook, one side of the protective shell 16 is connected to a cover plate 33 through a rotating shaft, and the cover plate 33 is located on one side of the first push rod 22. When the load of this device is too high, the temperature of the first wire connector 25 and the second wire connector 26 monitored by the Hall current sensor 17 is too high and exceeds the safety value. At this time, the controller 18 controls the push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​to work, the output end of the push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​is shortened, and the pull piece 31 moves up. Through the inclination of the pull piece 31 and the inclination of one end of the buckle rod 28, the ends of the buckle rod 28 can be brought close to each other.At this time, the buckle rod 28 performs a circular motion with the axis of the fixed rod 29 as the center, and the buckle rod 28 compresses the torsion spring 30 until the other end of the buckle rod 28 no longer buckles the movable plate 21. At this time, the movable plate 21 is moved away from the fixed plate 19 by the tension of the first spring 24 itself. The stability of the movement of the movable plate 21 can be improved by the four sets of sliding rods 20. At the same time, the second wire connector 26 is no longer inside the first wire connector 25. At this time, the device is powered off to protect it. After power failure, the pull piece 31 is reset under the action of the push-pull electromagnet 32, and the buckle rod 28 is reset under the action of the torsion spring 30. When the user has completed the maintenance, the cover plate 33 is lifted up and the push The first push rod 22 drives the movable plate 21 and the second wire connector 26 to move. When the inclined surface of the buckle groove 23 contacts the inclined surface of the hook at one end of the buckle rod 28, the hook at one end of the buckle rod 28 performs a circular motion and compresses the torsion spring 30. When a "click" sound is heard, the second wire connector 26 is inserted into the first wire connector 25. The hook at one end of the buckle rod 28 is reset under the action of the torsion spring 30. At the same time, the hook at one end of the buckle rod 28 completes the engagement with the movable plate 21. The first spring 24 is in a stretched state. At this time, the device can continue to work and can automatically cut off the power supply to avoid damage to the device due to overload, thereby improving the safety of use; See also Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9In this embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a locking block 34, a track 35, a slider 36, a connecting rod 37, a first motor 38, a threaded rod 40, a locking ring 41, a gear 42, a locking groove 43, an adjusting rod 44, a first electric push rod 45, a mounting groove 46, a laser distance sensor 47, a locking rod 48, a second electric push rod 49 and a bottom plate 50. The locking block 34 is slidably connected to the inside of the outer end cover 4, and one end of the outer end cover 4 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom plate 50, and the bottom plate 50 is respectively located on both sides of the rotating shaft 10. The locking block 34 and the bottom plate 50 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the track 35 on one side close to the track 35, and the slider 36 is slidably connected to one end of the slider 36. The connecting rod 37 is connected to one end of the connecting rod 37 through a rotating shaft, and one end of the connecting rod 37 The first motor 38 is provided at one end of the two sets of tracks 35, and the output end of the first motor 38 is fixedly connected with a threaded rod 40, and one end of the threaded rod 40 is respectively connected to one end of the track 35 through a bearing, and the middle part of the threaded rod 40 is respectively connected to the slider 36 through a thread, and the middle part of the lock block 34 is connected with a lock ring 41 through a bearing, and one end of the rotating shaft 10 is fixedly connected with a gear 42, and the gear 42 is meshed with the inner wall of the lock ring 41, and three sets of lock grooves 43 are opened inside the lock block 34, and the middle part of the lock ring 41 is fixedly connected with an adjusting rod 44, and the adjusting rod 44 is located inside a set of lock grooves 43, and a set of locks The interior of the groove 43 is connected with a first electric push rod 45 through a bearing, and the output end of the first electric push rod 45 is connected to the adjusting rod 44 through a rotating shaft. A locking rod 48 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the middle of the lock ring 41, and the locking rods 48 are respectively located in the other two groups of lock grooves 43. The interiors of the two groups of lock grooves 43 are both provided with second electric push rods 49, and the output ends of the second electric push rods 49 are respectively fitted with the locking rods 48. The two groups of second electric push rods 49 are respectively located on the opposite sides of the two groups of locking rods 48. The inner wall of the lock ring 41 is provided with a mounting groove 46. Four groups of laser distance sensors 47 are arranged inside the mounting groove 46, and the outermost two groups of laser distance sensors 47 are respectively located at the farthest edges of adjacent teeth of the gear 42. When the user needs to lock, When the rotating shaft 10 drives the gear 42 to stop rotating, the four groups of limit grooves 27 detect the position of the outer teeth of the gear 42. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 on the left is greater than that of the other two groups, the output end of the first electric push rod 45 is extended, and the lock ring 41 is driven to rotate through the adjusting rod 44 until the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors 47 are the same. When the distances detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 on the left are less than that of the other two groups, the output end of the first electric push rod 45 is shortened, and the lock ring 41 is driven to rotate through the adjusting rod 44 until the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors 47 are the same. When the distances detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 in the middle are greater than or less than the distances detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 on the sides,At this time, the output end of the first electric push rod 45 can be extended or shortened by driving the lock ring 41 to rotate through the adjustment rod 44, and finally adjusted to the same distance detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors 47. At this time, the tooth position of the lock ring 41 and the gear 42 is also the same, and then the output ends of the two groups of second electric push rods 49 are extended at the same time until they are in contact with one end of the locking rod 48. At this time, the output end of the second electric push rod 49 is against one side of the locking rod 48. Since the positions of the two groups of second electric push rods 49 are opposite, the position of the lock ring 41 can be locked. Then the output end of the first motor 38 drives the threaded rod 40 to rotate, and the threaded rod 40 can make the slider 36 slide on the surface of the track 35. The first motor 38, the threaded rod 40 and the slider 36 can shorten the distance between the two ends of the connecting rods 37 on one side of the locking block 34, so that the threaded rod 40 The distance between the locking block 34 and the locking block 34 becomes longer, thereby pushing the locking block 34 and the locking ring 41 to move until the locking ring 41 meshes with the gear 42. At this time, the locking work is completed, so that the working part can be locked, and the user does not need to install other locking devices, thereby reducing the cost of use. At the same time, the device can be automatically adjusted to achieve high-precision locking work and ensure the stability and accuracy of the working part. When the device needs to work, the first motor 38 drives the threaded rod 40 to reverse. At this time, the locking block 34 can be moved closer to one side of the bottom plate 50 through the slider 36 and the connecting rod 37 until the locking ring 41 no longer meshes with the gear 42. At the same time, the output end of the second electric push rod 49 is shortened to the shortest position, and the first electric push rod 45 drives the adjusting rod 44 and the locking ring 41 to reset, so as to facilitate the next locking work, and can achieve high-precision and stable self-locking; It should be noted that the control end of the push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​is electrically connected to the external power supply through the controller 18 and the Hall current sensor 17, which facilitates the operation of the device. The control ends of the first motor 38, the first electric push rod 45 and the locking rod 48 are all electrically connected to the external power supply through the laser distance sensor 47 and the switch, which facilitates the operation of the device. See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 10-Figure 16 A permanent magnet motor includes a triangular rod 12, a triangular slot 51 and a stator slot 52. The rotor punching sheet 9 and the magnetic steel body 11 are fixed by an inverted triangle structure. The magnetic steel body 11 has a triangular slot 51 at one end. The triangular slot 51 is slidably connected to the triangular rod 12 inside. One side of the triangular rod 12 is fixedly connected to the rotor punching sheet 9. The side of the magnetic steel body 11 away from the rotor punching sheet 9 is arc-shaped. The gap between the stator punching sheets 6 is the stator slot 52. It should be noted that four groups of staggered rectangular grooves are provided at both ends of the arc side of the magnetic steel body 11, and the rectangular grooves are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the magnetic steel body 11, and the farther the position is from the center line of the magnetic steel body 11, the deeper the depth of the rectangular grooves. The eight sides of the four groups of rectangular grooves are L2, L1, L4, L3, L6, L5, L8 and L7 from the outside to the inside, and satisfy L8 < L7 < L6 < L5 < L4 < L3 < L2 < L1. The widths of the four groups of rectangular grooves are B1, B2, B3 and B4 from the outside to the inside, and satisfy B1 < B2 < B3 < B4, and also satisfy L1 / L2×B1≥L3 / L4×B2≥L5 / L6×B3≥L7 / L8×B4, which can eliminate In addition to the harmonic content, the width of the magnetic steel body 11 is W1, the longest height of the magnetic steel body 11 is H1, the gap between the inner wall of the stator punching 6 and the outer wall of the magnetic steel body 11 is G, and satisfies W1 / H1=(B1 / G)+(B2 / G)+(B3 / G)+(B4 / G), the inner diameter of the stator punching 6 is R2, the outer diameter of the stator punching 6 is R4, the inner diameter of the rotating shaft 10 is R3, the outer diameter of the magnetic steel body 11 is R1, and satisfies (R2 / R4)+H1≥(R3 / R1)+2×G, the height of the triangular rod 12 is H2, the width of the triangular rod 12 on one side away from the rotor punching 9 is T1, and the width of the other side of the triangular rod 12 is T2, satisfying 1.1×(T1 / T2)<H2<1.3 × (T1 / T2), the slot width of the stator slot 52 is W2, and satisfies G / B4≥W1 / H1, the purpose is to reduce the tooth slot torque and reduce the harmonic content of the back electromotive force, the number of slots of the stator slot 52 is N1, the number of magnetic steel bodies 11 is P1, satisfying N1=P1±4, and N1≤12, the stator punching sheet 6 is spliced ​​with a block structure, and each block is a stepped structure, both sides of the stator punching sheet 6 include step one 53, step two 54, step three 55, step four 56, step five 57, step six 58, step seven 59 and step eight 39, step one 53 are respectively perpendicular to the outer surface of the stator punching sheet 6, step one 53 are respectively perpendicular to step two 54, step two 54 are respectively Step three 55 are mutually perpendicular, step three 55 are mutually perpendicular to step four 56, step four 56 are mutually perpendicular to step five 57, step five 57 are mutually perpendicular to step six 58, step six 58 are mutually perpendicular to step seven 59, step seven 59 are mutually perpendicular to step eight 39, the height of step two 54 is H5, the height of step four 56 is H6, the distance between step two 54 and step eight 39 is H7, the distance between step four 56 and step six 58 is H8, the shortest distance between the outer wall of stator punching sheet 6 and the inner wall of stator slot 52 is H9, wherein H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9 satisfy H5 / H6>H8 / H7, and also satisfy 2.5×H7<H9<3.5×H7, which can improve the slot fill rate. The direction of the magnetic steel body 11 is the same as that of the rotor punching 9. The magnetic steel body 11 is made by mold injection molding process. Fig.15 and Fig.16 The horizontal axis is time, the unit is S, and the vertical axis is torque, the unit is mnm. Fig.15 and Fig.16 It can be seen that compared with the original technology, the patented technology has a significant improvement in no-load cogging torque and load torque pulsation. The no-load cogging torque fluctuation is improved by 124%, and the load torque pulsation fluctuation is improved by 279%, thereby reducing vibration and noise.

[0023] Since both ends of the arc side of the magnetic steel body 11 are four groups of staggered rectangular slots, and the rectangular slots are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the magnetic steel body 11, the harmonic content can be eliminated. At the same time, the slot width of the stator slot 52 is W2, and satisfies G / B4≥W1 / H1. The purpose is to reduce the tooth slot torque and reduce the harmonic content of the back electromotive force. The stator punching sheet 6 adopts a block structure splicing, and each block is a stepped structure, so as to improve the slot full rate. During operation, the device has a significant improvement in the no-load tooth slot torque and load torque pulsation. By comparing with the prior art, the no-load tooth slot torque fluctuation in the present invention is improved by 124%, and the load torque pulsation fluctuation is improved by 279%, thereby further improving the performance of the device, reducing energy consumption loss, and improving operation stability. When the device is running, the rotating shaft 10 can drive the fan blades 15 and the gear 42 to rotate, and the fan blades 15 generate suction on the side close to the shell 1. After the outside air passes through the fan blades 15 through the suction, it enters the air duct 13 and the air inlet 14 through the second protective net 5. When the external air passes through the air duct 13 and the air inlet 14, heat is transferred between the shell 1 and the air duct 13 evenly distributed inside the shell 1, thereby reducing the heat generated by the device and taking it away, thereby achieving a cooling effect, and thus increasing the service life of the device. At the same time, when the load of the device is too high, the Hall current sensor 17 monitors that the temperature of the first wire connector 25 and the second wire connector 26 is too high and exceeds the safety value. At this time, the controller 18 controls the push-pull electromagnet 32 ​​to work, and the push-pull electromagnet 32 The output end of the pull member 31 is shortened, and the pull piece 31 moves up. The inclined surface of the pull member 31 conflicts with the inclined surface of one end of the buckle rod 28, which can make one end of the buckle rod 28 approach each other. At this time, the buckle rod 28 performs a circular motion with the axis of the fixed rod 29 as the center, and the buckle rod 28 compresses the torsion spring 30 until the other end of the buckle rod 28 no longer buckles the movable plate 21. At this time, the movable plate 21 is moved away from the fixed plate 19 under the action of the tension of the first spring 24 itself. The stability of the movement of the movable plate 21 can be improved by the four sets of sliding rods 20. At the same time, the second wire connector 26 is no longer inside the first wire connector 25. At this time, the device is powered off to protect it. After power failure, the pull member 31 is reset under the action of the push-pull electromagnet 32, and the buckle rod 28 is in the torsion spring. The first push rod 22 drives the movable plate 21 and the second wire connector 26 to move. When the inclined surface of the buckle groove 23 contacts the inclined surface of the hook at one end of the buckle rod 28, the hook at one end of the buckle rod 28 performs a circular motion and compresses the torsion spring 30. When a "click" sound is heard, the second wire connector 26 is inserted into the first wire connector 25. The hook at one end of the buckle rod 28 is reset under the action of the torsion spring 30. At the same time, the hook at one end of the buckle rod 28 completes the engagement with the movable plate 21. The first spring 24 is in a stretched state. At this time, the device can continue to work. When the user needs to lock, the rotating shaft 10 drives the gear 42 to stop rotating.At this time, the four groups of limit grooves 27 detect the position of the outer teeth of the gear 42. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 on the left is greater than that of the other two groups, the output end of the first electric push rod 45 is extended, and the lock ring 41 is driven to rotate through the adjusting rod 44 until the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors 47 are the same. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 on the left is less than that of the other two groups, the output end of the first electric push rod 45 is shortened, and the lock ring 41 is driven to rotate through the adjusting rod 44 until the distances detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors 47 are the same. When the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 in the middle is greater than or less than the distance detected by the two groups of laser distance sensors 47 on the sides, The output end of an electric push rod 45 can be extended or shortened to drive the lock ring 41 to rotate through the adjusting rod 44, and finally adjusted to the same distance detected by the four groups of laser distance sensors 47. At this time, the tooth positions of the lock ring 41 and the gear 42 are also the same. Then, the output ends of the two groups of second electric push rods 49 are extended at the same time until they fit with one end of the locking rod 48. At this time, the output end of the second electric push rod 49 supports one side of the locking rod 48. Since the positions of the two groups of second electric push rods 49 are opposite, the position of the lock ring 41 can be locked. Then, the output end of the first motor 38 drives the threaded rod 40 to rotate, and the slider 36 can slide on the surface of the track 35 through the threaded rod 40. 0 and the slider 36 can shorten the distance between one end of the two groups of connecting rods 37 on one side of the locking block 34, so that the distance between the threaded rod 40 and the locking block 34 can be lengthened, and then the locking block 34 and the locking ring 41 can be pushed to move until the locking ring 41 is engaged with the gear 42. At this time, the locking work is completed, so that the working part can be locked, and the user does not need to install other locking devices, thereby reducing the cost of use. At the same time, the device can be automatically adjusted to achieve high-precision locking work and ensure the stability and accuracy of the working part. When the device needs to work, the first motor 38 drives the threaded rod 40 to reverse. At this time, the slider 36 and the connecting rod 37 can make the locking block 34 close to one side of the bottom plate 50. Until the lock ring 41 is no longer meshed with the gear 42, and the output end of the second electric push rod 49 is shortened to the shortest position, the first electric push rod 45 drives the adjustment rod 44 and the lock ring 41 to reset, so as to facilitate the next locking work. The device adopts a built-in heat dissipation method to perform heat dissipation work, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency, and can also perform load protection, further improving the safety of the use of the device and reducing losses. At the same time, the device can also perform high-precision and stable self-locking, thereby ensuring the safety and accuracy of the working parts, and can also improve the no-load tooth slot torque fluctuation and load torque pulsation fluctuation, further improving the performance of the device, reducing energy consumption loss, improving operation stability, and reducing vibration and noise.

[0024] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet motor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell (1), a protection mechanism and a locking mechanism, wherein one end of the shell (1) is connected to a first protection net (2) by means of bolts, the other end of the shell (1) is connected to an inner end cover (3) by means of bolts, one end of the inner end cover (3) is connected to an outer end cover (4) by means of bolts, one end of the shell (1) is provided with a second protection net (5), the inner wall of the shell (1) is evenly provided with stator punchings (6), both ends of the stator punchings (6) are stepped structures, and the stepped structures are mutually engaged, the outer side of the stator punchings (6) is slidably connected to a limit rod (7), and the limit rod (7) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell (1), the middle part of the stator punchings (6) is wound with a coil (8), the inner wall of the shell (1) is provided with a stator punchings (6) and the inner wall of the shell (1) is provided with a stator punchings (6) and a stator punchings (6 ... A rotor punching (9) is provided at the center, a rotating shaft (10) is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotor punching (9), and one end of the rotating shaft (10) is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (1) through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft (10) is connected to the inner end cover (3) and the outer end cover (4) through a bearing, and the outer surface of the rotor punching (9) is provided with a magnetic steel body (11), and the inside of the outer shell (1) is evenly provided with air ducts (13), one end of the outer shell (1) is provided with an air inlet (14), and the air inlet (14) is connected to one end of the air duct (13), and one end of the outer shell (1) is connected to a fan blade (15) through a bearing, and one end of the fan blade (15) passes through the outer shell (1) and is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (10).

2. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection mechanism comprises a protection shell (16), a Hall current sensor (17), a controller (18), a fixed plate (19), a sliding rod (20), a movable plate (21), a first push rod (22), a buckle groove (23), a first spring (24), a first wire joint (25), a second wire joint (26), a limit groove (27), a buckle rod (28), a fixing rod (29), a torsion spring (30), a pull piece (31), a push-pull electromagnet (32) and a cover plate (33). One end of the housing (1) is fixedly connected to the protection shell (16), one end of the protection shell (16) is provided with a Hall current sensor (17), one side of the Hall current sensor (17) is provided with a controller (18), and the protection shell ( A fixed plate (19) is fixedly connected to the middle of the protective shell (16), two sets of sliding rods (20) are fixedly connected to both ends of the fixed plate (19), and one end of the sliding rod (20) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (16), a movable plate (21) is provided on one side of the fixed plate (19), and both ends of the movable plate (21) are respectively slidably connected to the sliding rod (20), a first push rod (22) is connected to the middle of the movable plate (21), and one end of the first push rod (22) is slidably connected to the protective shell (16), buckle grooves (23) are provided at both ends of the movable plate (21), and first springs (24) are fixedly connected to both ends of the movable plate (21), and one end of the first spring (24) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (16). The first spring (24) is respectively located at the upper and lower sides of the first push rod (22); a first wire connector (25) is provided in the middle of the fixed plate (19); a second wire connector (26) is provided in the middle of the movable plate (21); and one end of the second wire connector (26) is in contact with the inner wall of the first wire connector (25); both ends of the fixed plate (19) are provided with a limiting groove (27); and one side of the limiting groove (27) is in an inclined shape; two groups of buckle rods (28) are provided inside the protective shell (16); and one end of the buckle rod (28) passes through the limiting groove (27) and extends to the inside of the buckle groove (23) and is in contact with it; one end of the buckle rod (28) is rotatably connected to a fixing rod (29); and the fixing rod (29) is fixed to the fixing plate (19); Both ends of the rod (29) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limit groove (27); a torsion spring (30) is provided between the fixed rod (29) and the buckle rod (28); and both ends of the torsion spring (30) are respectively fixedly connected to the buckle rod (28) and the fixed rod (29); a pull piece (31) is provided on the inner wall of one side of the protective shell (16); a push-pull electromagnet (32) is provided on the inner wall of the top end of the protective shell (16); and the output end of the push-pull electromagnet (32) is fixedly connected to the pull piece (31); both ends of the pull piece (31) are respectively slidably connected to one end of the buckle rod (28); one side of the pull piece (31) close to one end is in an inclined shape; one end of the buckle rod (28) is in an inclined surface corresponding to the pull piece (31);The ends of the pull member (31) and the movable plate (21) that are in contact with each other are hooks with inclined surfaces, one side of the push-pull electromagnet (32) is an inclined surface that matches the hook, one side of the protective shell (16) is connected to a cover plate (33) via a rotating shaft, and the cover plate (33) is located on one side of the first push rod (22).

3. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control end of the push-pull electromagnet (32) is electrically connected to an external power source via a controller (18) and a Hall current sensor (17).

4. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism comprises a locking block (34), a track (35), a slider (36), a connecting rod (37), a first motor (38), a threaded rod (40), a locking ring (41), a gear (42), a locking groove (43), an adjusting rod (44), a first electric push rod (45), a mounting groove (46), a laser distance sensor (47), a locking rod (48), a second electric push rod (49) and a bottom plate (50). The locking block (34) is slidably connected to the interior of the outer end cover (4). One end of the outer end cover (4) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the bottom plate (50). The bottom plates (50) are respectively located on both sides of the rotating shaft (10). The locking block (34) and the bottom plate (50) are The adjacent sides are both symmetrically fixedly connected with rails (35), one end of each rail (35) is slidably connected with a slider (36), one end of each slider (36) is connected with a connecting rod (37) via a rotating shaft, and one end of each connecting rod (37) is connected to a bottom plate (50) and a locking block (34) via a rotating shaft, and the middle parts of each connecting rod (37) are respectively connected via a rotating shaft, and one end of each rail (35) is provided with a first motor (38), and the output end of each first motor (38) is fixedly connected with a threaded rod (40), and one end of each threaded rod (40) is respectively connected to one end of the rail (35) via a bearing, and the threaded rod (40) is The middle parts of the locking block (34) are respectively connected to the slider (36) through threads, the middle part of the locking block (34) is connected to a locking ring (41) through a bearing, one end of the rotating shaft (10) is fixedly connected to a gear (42), and the gear (42) is meshed with the inner wall of the locking ring (41), three groups of locking grooves (43) are opened inside the locking block (34), the middle part of the locking ring (41) is fixedly connected to an adjusting rod (44), and the adjusting rod (44) is located inside a group of locking grooves (43), the inside of one group of the locking grooves (43) is connected to a first electric push rod (45) through a bearing, and the output end of the first electric push rod (45) is connected to the adjusting rod (44) through a rotating shaft, and the locking ring A locking rod (48) is symmetrically fixedly connected to the middle part of the (41), and the locking rod (48) is respectively located inside the other two groups of locking grooves (43). The two groups of locking grooves (43) are both provided with second electric push rods (49), and the output ends of the second electric push rods (49) are respectively fitted with the locking rods (48). The two groups of the second electric push rods (49) are respectively located on the opposite sides of the two groups of locking rods (48). The inner wall of the lock ring (41) is provided with a mounting groove (46), and four groups of laser distance sensors (47) are arranged inside the mounting groove (46), and the outermost two groups of laser distance sensors (47) are respectively located at the farthest edges of adjacent teeth of the gear (42).

5. A permanent magnet motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control ends of the first motor (38), the first electric push rod (45) and the locking rod (48) are all electrically connected to an external power source via a laser distance sensor (47) and a switch.

6. A magnetic steel fixing structure for a permanent magnet motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The invention comprises a triangular rod (12), a triangular slot (51) and a stator slot (52); the rotor punching sheet (9) and the magnetic steel body (11) are fixed via an inverted triangular structure; one end of the magnetic steel body (11) is provided with a triangular slot (51); the inside of the triangular slot (51) is slidably connected with a triangular rod (12); one side of the triangular rod (12) is fixedly connected to the rotor punching sheet (9); the side of the magnetic steel body (11) away from the rotor punching sheet (9) is in an arc shape; and the gaps between the stator punching sheets (6) are stator slots (52).

7. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: Four groups of staggered rectangular grooves are provided at both ends of the arc side of the magnetic steel body (11), and the rectangular grooves are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the magnetic steel body (11), and the farther away from the center line of the magnetic steel body (11), the deeper the depth of the rectangular grooves. The eight side lengths of the four groups of rectangular grooves are L2, L1, L4, L3, L6, L5, L8 and L7 from the outside to the inside, and satisfy L8 < L7 < L6 < L5 < L4 < L3 < L2 < L1. The widths of the four groups of rectangular grooves are B1, B2, B3 and B4 from the outside to the inside, and satisfy B1 < B2 < B3 < B4, and also satisfy L1 / L2×B1≥L3 / L4×B2≥L5 / L6×B3≥L7 / L8×B4.

8. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The width of the magnetic steel body (11) is W1, the longest height of the magnetic steel body (11) is H1, the gap between the inner wall of the stator punching sheet (6) and the outer wall of the magnetic steel body (11) is G, and W1 / H1=(B1 / G)+(B2 / G)+(B3 / G)+(B4 / G) is satisfied.

9. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the stator punching sheet (6) is R2, the outer diameter of the stator punching sheet (6) is R4, the inner diameter of the rotating shaft (10) is R3, and the outer diameter of the magnetic steel body (11) is R1, satisfying (R2 / R4)+H1≥(R3 / R1)+2×G.

10. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the triangular rod (12) is H2, the width of the triangular rod (12) on one side away from the rotor punching sheet (9) is T1, and the width of the other side of the triangular rod (12) is T2, satisfying 1.1×(T1 / T2)<H2<1.3×(T1 / T2).

11. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slot width of the stator slot (52) is W2, and satisfies G / B4≥W1 / H1.

12. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the stator slots (52) is N1, the number of the magnetic steel bodies (11) is P1, and N1=P1±4, and N1≤12.

13. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stator punching sheet (6) is spliced ​​in a block structure, and each block is a stepped structure. Both sides of the stator punching sheet (6) include a step one (53), a step two (54), a step three (55), a step four (56), a step five (57), a step six (58), a step seven (59) and a step eight (39). The step one (53) is perpendicular to the outer surface of the stator punching sheet (6), the step one (53) is perpendicular to the step two (54), the step two (54) is perpendicular to the step three (55), the step three (55) is perpendicular to the step four (56), the step four (56) is perpendicular to the step five (57), and the The step five (57) is perpendicular to the step six (58), the step six (58) is perpendicular to the step seven (59), the step seven (59) is perpendicular to the step eight (39), the height of the step two (54) is H5, the height of the step four (56) is H6, the distance between the step two (54) and the step eight (39) is H7, the distance between the step four (56) and the step six (58) is H8, and the shortest distance between the outer wall of the stator punching sheet (6) and the inner wall of the stator slot (52) is H9, wherein H5, H6, H7, H8 and H9 satisfy H5 / H6>H8 / H7, and also satisfy 2.5×H7<H9<3.5×H7.

14. The magnetic steel fixing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The direction of the magnetic steel body (11) is the same as that of the rotor punching sheet (9), and the magnetic steel body (11) is manufactured using a mold injection molding process.

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